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Bull Trout Population Study in the Middle Fork Willamette and McKenzie River Drainage Basins

June - November 1994

Stephen D. Hammond
Giles C. Thelen

Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
3150 East Main Street Springfield, OR 97478

November 1994

CONTENTS

Page
MAINSTEM McKENZIE POPULATION
SUMMARY........................................................................................................... 1

JUVENILE SURVEYS:

Lower Separation Creek ................................................................................. 2 Upper Separation Creek and Separation Lake............................................... 4 Harvey Creek.................................................................................................. 5 George Creek ................................................................................................. 6 Anderson Creek.............................................................................................. 7 Olallie Creek ................................................................................................... 8 Creek 58 ......................................................................................................... 9 Buck Side Channel ......................................................................................... 10 Sweetwater Creek........................................................................................... 11
ADULT SURVEYS:
McKenzie Standard Pool Check ..................................................................... 12
SPAWNING SURVEYS:
Separation Creek............................................................................................ 18 Anderson and Ollalie ...................................................................................... 19

SOUTH FORK McKENZIE POPULATION
SUMMARY........................................................................................................... 24 JUVENILE SURVEYS:
South Fork ...................................................................................................... 25 Elk Creek ........................................................................................................ 28 Roaring River.................................................................................................. 29 French Pete Creek.......................................................................................... 32
ADULT SURVEYS:
South Fork ..................................................................................................... 33 Standard Pools ............................................................................................... 40

MIDDLE FORK WILLAMETTE POPULATION
SUMMARY........................................................................................................... 45 JUVENILE SURVEYS
Beaver Creek.................................................................................................. 46 Chuckle Spring ............................................................................................... 49 Found Creek................................................................................................... 50 Indigo Creek ................................................................................................... 51 Pioneer Gulch................................................................................................. 52 Middle Fork Willamette ................................................................................... 53
ADULT/SPAWNING SURVEYS
Middle Fork Willamette and Simpson Creek Spawning.................................. 54 Found and Swift Creek Spawning................................................................... 58 North Fork of Middle Fork Willamette Adults .................................................. 61

MAINSTEM McKENZIE POPULATION SUMMARY

Historically, bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) were either a contiguous population ranging from the lower McKenzie River up to Tamolitch Falls and extending up the larger tributaries, or two populations with overlapping distributions and some genetic interchange. If two populations did exist, one may have spawned in the upper reaches of the South Fork and one in the upper reaches of the mainstem.

Spawning habitat is thought to be a limiting factor for this populations. Culvert modification to allow migration of spawning adults has been completed on Sweetwater Creek. Modification of the Olallie Creek culvert under highway 126 is scheduled for summer 1995. Angling is also a concern for the bull trout. Catch and release regulations are in effect, and identification signs have been posted at campsites and fishing holes. There is some possibility for a bull trout hybridization with brook trout S. fontinalis above Trail Bridge Reservoir and in the Horse Creek Basin, where a hybrid was identified in 1992 by Forest Service biologists.

conducted juvenile surveys in Creek 58, Buck Side Channel and in the Horse Creek basin, including Separation, Harvey, and George Creeks.

The 1994 field surveys during the summer have provided important and useful information. Spawning surveys on Anderson Creek were expanded to include the entire stream. Thirty redds were documented, and their depths and water velocities measured. Three redds were observed on Olallie Creek, one of which had two bull trout on it. This is the first time bull trout have been observed spawning in Olallie Creek. Twenty three age 0 bull trout in Olallie Creek that had been transferred there in March 1994. Juvenile bull trout were also transferred to Sweetwater Creek in 1993 and 1994. A night snorkel survey located 11 age 1+ and seven age 0 bull trout all within 50m of the stocking point.

Surveys on lower Separation Creek located one 6-8" bull trout. Fish identified last year as bull trout were actually spring chinook. In the Three Sisters Wildlerness, Upper Separation, Harvey,and George Creeks were surveyed, but no bull trout were located. Creek 58 and Buck Side Channel surveys on the mainstem McKenzie also failed to locate any bull trout.

Snorkeling the mainstem McKenzie River between Olallie Campground and Paradise Campground may prove to be a useful method to index bull trout populations. It appears that the adult bull trout seem to be staging in the deeper pools in the McKenzie before moving to spawning areas.

SEPARATION CREEK (LOWER)

1

  • DATE:
  • July 12, 1994; 0900- 1400

  • G. Thelen, S. Lewis
  • PERSONNEL:

WEATHER: OBSERVATIONS:
Sunny 85°F; water temperature 46°F

1 bull trout - 250mm

Chinook fry: 65-75 observed Cutthroat trout (approx. 45) Rainbow trout (approx. 35)

NOTES: We surveyed from the 100m below the confluence of Horse Creek and Separation Creek to 1.2 miles up Separation Creek. The water moved at a high velocity through much of the channel, but there were several side channels and margin areas which were prime bull trout habitat, which includes slower water, woody detritus, and good

canopy cover. In these areas we observed a bull trout (Fig 1.), several chinook and

many cutthroat. Stream habitat consisted of many log jams, woody debris, and root wads. The substrata was made up of large cobble and boulders, with areas of gravel and silt in the slower water. Much canopy cover was provided by the healthy old growth, mixed age stand of fir, hemlock, cedar, and vine maple.

We located the bull trout in the second side channel about .3 miles up from the confluence of Separation Creek and Horse Creek. The water velocity here was medium to still, and varied in depth from six-36 inches. This area is covered by a vegetation bridge which provides much cover. We observed the trout about 10 meters up from the downstream side of this sided channel at the beginning of this vegetation bridge. He was in still water in a dark area, so a flashlight was necessary. Five yards downstream from this location on the North bank was an undercut of an old growth cedar which seemed to be prime juvenile habitat. Five chinook fry were observed here and one possible bull trout fry about 35mm in length.

Cutthroat were the primary trout observed. Of the 45 observed 20 were below 100mm and 25 were between 100-250mm. The rainbow ranged in sizes between 30-100mm (15) and 100-300mm (20). The 70 chinook observed were between 25-100mm in length.

2

SEPARATION CREEK (UPPER) and SEPARATION LAKE

  • DATE:
  • September 7, 1994; 1900-2200

PERSONNEL: WEATHER: OBSERVATIONS:
G. Thelen, S. Hammond, (D. Bickford, J. Capurso USFS) Clear, sunny. Water temperature: 8°C

Cutthroat: 25mm - 230mm Sculpin: 50mm - 100mm

NOTES: We sampled from where trail 3536 first nears Separation Creek downstream about 600m to the bottom of a large side channel. For lake, just continue on trail to marked lake turn off.

The two teams split up at the bottom of a side channel and worked upstream, with Jim and Dave working the main channel and Steve and Giles going up the side channel. They reported that the main channel had swift water and a steep gradient, so not much good habitat in the margins or on the channel was seen - only one nice lateral scour pool with deep undercut banks. There were a few good plunge pools, but no bull trout seen. Their last 200m had log jams, pools, and decent cover and habitat for adults and juvenile bull trout.

The side channel we went on had lots of nice rearing habitat for bull trout. There were many margins and side channels of this side channel that provided lots of cover via downed logs, and sunken woody debris. The last 200m here had lots of successive 1.8m - 2.4m deep pools caused by log jams, providing nice spawning gravel at the tail end of these pools. This stretch cuts through where a forest used to be, so there's many standing snags and islands of vegetation. This, however, opened up the canopy so there's not much protection provided from the elements. The substrata consisted mostly of sand and silt, with areas of gravel and cobble. Both teams than worked together up the main cannel for 50m, but this was mostly riffles with a cobble and boulder substrate, and no good habitat was observed for juvenile bull trout. We walked along Separation Cr. for several miles, and it was confined through much of this stretch, with exposed bedrock along the banks in many areas. Some decent marginal pockets, but not much.

Separation Lake had ducks, heron, frogs, red-tailed hawks, and a brook trout about 200mm was caught, with many more biting on the line. The creek about 5m up from the trail junction had nice juvenile habitat, but no fish were observed.

3

HARVEY CREEK

  • DATE:
  • September 7, 1994; 1800-2000

PERSONNEL: WEATHER:
G.Thelen, S. Hammond. D. Bickford, J. Capurso (USFS). Clear. Water temperature: 9°C

OBSERVATIONS:
Cutthroat: 25mm - 130mm Sculpin: 50mm - 75mm

NOTES: From confluence of Harvey and Separation Cr. upstream 200m.

Take Folley Ridge road to trailhead 3536. Follow trail to first close contact with Separation Cr. Follow side channel on left facing downstream (through the "dead forest") to the mouth of Harvey Cr. George Cr. has it's mouth downstream about 50m of the confluence of this side channel.

The two teams worked from the confluence of the side channel up to the mouth of Harvey Cr. We than split up, with Dave and Jim working up Harvey Cr., and Steve and Giles working up the side channel, thinking that Harvey came in at two places. It doesn't, so we continued up the side channel and onto the main channel for 200m, finding no good habitat for juvenile bull trout up stream of the "dead forest". The other team reported that Harvey Cr. had poor spawning habitat, with little gravel available. Woody detritus in the channel was associated with high levels of silt. There is good rearing habitat in the multiple side channels, but few cutthroat were observed. There is wood available for cover, but no bull trout seen.

4

GEORGE CREEK

  • DATE:
  • September 7, 1994; 1800-2000

PERSONNEL: WEATHER:
G.Thelen, S. Hammond, (D. Bickford, J. Capurso USFS). Clear. Water temperature: 9°C

OBSERVATIONS:
Cutthroat

NOTES: Take Folley Ridge road to trailhead 3536. Follow trail to first close contact with Separation Cr. Follow side channel on left facing downstream (through the "dead forest") to the mouth of Harvey Cr. George Cr. has it's mouth downstream about 50m of the confluence of this side channel.

The mouth of George Cr. was only three feet wide, so we did not snorkel. Only cutthroat were observed by a visual search.

5

ANDERSON CREEK

  • DATE:
  • August 1, 1994; 1500-1700

G. Thelen, S. Hammond Sunny, 80°F
PERSONNEL: WEATHER: OBSERVATIONS:

7 bull trout observed: 5 0-year about 25mm; two 65mm.

NOTES: Downstream from highway 126 culvert about 100m.

We found five 0 year bull trout at the third major log jam below the culvert. They were on the left bank going downstream (west) in the slow moving water in the margin area. A 65mm bull trout was seen below this log jam on east bank margin in an undercut bank. The last bull trout observed was across from an old road used for stream habitat restoration, so it's the first road which comes to the water on the east bank side. The bull trout was on the west bank side in calm water behind a boulder on the margin.

6

OLALLIE CREEK

  • DATE:
  • August 17, 1994; 2140-2330

G. Thelen, S. Hammond Clear; water temp. 39°F
PERSONNEL: WEATHER: OBSERVATIONS:

Bull trout: 23 juveniles (stocked in March 1994) - 35mm-55mm

NOTES: Beginning of Olallie Creek (where the water started) to major spring entering the creek from the west 30m from the confluence with a tributary entering from the east. FS rd. 2657 to primitive campsite to right just west to FS rd. 830. Follow rough trail southwest to creek (look for three standing metal fence posts and white water heater tank on its side).

A visual surface search (no snorkeling) located five bull trout in very small pools where the trail met the creek (probably where it was stocked). We traveled 15m upstream to where the creek started and located two bull trout above the trail and the other three at the trail. We continued downstream and noticed the remaining bull trout became increasingly dispersed. The last one was observed just upstream of the first of two springs that entered the creek.

The temperature of both springs was 37°F. The water flow from the second spring was 2-3 times the flow of the creek above the spring. The first spring was about 2/3 of the creek flow.

Habitat above the first spring was good. Downed logs, woody debris, in-stream detritus, and canopy provided excellent cover (about 65% of the creek was completely covered). Old growth and younger cedar, Douglas fir, and hemlock lined both steep banks. There was little erosion and infrequent undercut banks in this section.

Water velocity and volume below the first spring increased dramatically, which reduced the number of calm pools and backwater. The search was terminated at the second spring.

This section was also stocked with juvenile chinook, but none were observed.

7

CREEK 58

  • DATE:
  • July 14, 1994; 2130-2300

S. Lewis, U. S. Forest Service Clear, 50°F. Night snorkel
PERSONNEL: WEATHER: OBSERVATIONS:
Approximately 20 cutthroat trout (50mm-200mm) 1 sculpin.

NOTES: McKenzie Hwy 126, less than a mile west of McKenzie Ranger Station. Small wooden fence on north side of road is the only marking. From pool below Hwy 126 culvert to marshy source.

No bull trout were observed. Only cutthroat were seen. Very shallow water. Most of area could not be snorkeled, only probed with lights. Cobbled creek with mostly exposed small rocks turning into tall grass cover toward source. Could not even probe with lights in the grass cover area.

8

BUCK SIDE CHANNEL

  • DATE:
  • August 31, 1994; 0800-1500

PERSONNEL: WEATHER:
G. Thelen, eight members of Blue River USFS fish crew Sunny, 85°F

OBSERVATIONS:
No bull trout 250 chinook juveniles 125 cutthroat from 25-250mm red -legged frogs, sculpins, and a Pacific giant salamander

NOTES: The entire length of Buck Side Channel, about 700m, was surveyed. Take highway 126 to road 2650, about two miles past Belknap Springs.

This was a level 3 stream habitat survey to determine the length and position of each fish species found in the channel. We broke up into three groups consisting of two snorkelers and a recorder. Several 150mm bull trout were observed here earlier in the year, but no bull trout were observed this time (the water level was now much lower). There was good habitat in places on this channel, much of which was created by the USFS, such as log jams, which created nice glides, pools, and woody cover. There were also some good root wads and undercut banks, but cutthroat and chinook were the only fish seen.

9

SWEETWATER CREEK NIGHT SNORKEL

  • DATE:
  • July 6, 1994

PERSONNEL: WEATHER: OBSERVATIONS:
S. Lewis, G. Thelen Clear, warm

Bull Trout: 1 95mm - 125mm
10 25mm - 60mm

Cutthroat: Numerous
NOTES: All juvenile bull trout observed in mossy margins adjacent to the stocking site. Heavy blowdown throughout channel due to clearcut 30m to the west.

  • DATE:
  • September 14, 1994; 2030-2200

G. Thelen, S. Hammond, J. Karagavoorian (USFS) Clear
PERSONNEL: WEATHER: OBSERVATIONS:

Bull trout: 11 95mm-125mm
7 25mm-60mm

Cutthroat: numerous 100mm-175mm
NOTES: From below old bridge on Rd. 720 (stocking location) downstream 150m. McKenzie Hwy. east to Rd. 720 (adjacent to Trail Bridge Reservoir). This road has a locked gate - need Forest Service key.

This section had excellent cover provided by heavy tree blowdown from adjacent clearcut to west. In-stream habitat was also good, provided by woody debris and overhanging and aquatic vegetation. All bull trout were observed in the last 50m below the bridge.

All larger bull trout were out in the channel, many interspersed with cutthroat. The smaller ones were all near the bridge where they were stocked, up in the moss and vegetation in the margins.

10

MCKENZIE RIVER STANDARD POOL CHECK

Olallie Boat Ramp to Paradise Campground

July 7, 1994

  • PERSONNEL:
  • M. Wade, G. Thelen, S. Lewis

The purpose of this trip was to train Giles and Sandy on fish identification and to an explore the possibility of inventorying bull trout in the mainstem McKenzie by snorkeling. We got a rather late start at about 1:00 and consequently did not do a thorough job on counting fish besides bull trout. This trip should be repeated latter this year to obtain changes in bull trout distribution and to make a more complete count of other fish. The weather was clear and sunny with an air temperature of 90oF. Pool locations are on the attatched map (Fig. 2), and results displayed graphically (Fig. 3).

1. Olallie boat ramp: Saw 3 bull trout about 12, 12 and 18 inches. They were on the far side of the pool from the ramp mixed in with whitefish near the bottom.

2. Deer Creek: No bull trout. We just got a brief look before some anglers arrived. The water appeared too swift. but may be better later in the year as the flow drops.

3. Frissell Creek: No bull trout in a small shallow pool just above the mouth of Frissell Creek.

4. Highway pool: Saw 2 bull trout, 14 and 24 inches, in quiet water on the bottom. 5. Ledge pool: Saw 1 bull trout about 12 inches. Anglers were present so we did not get as good of a look as we wanted.

6. Upper Belknap: Saw 3 bull trout, 18, 24 and 24 inches. the smaller one was near the head of the pool and the other 2 were on the right near the tail of the pool.

7. Lower Belknap: No bull trout but 1 salmon. 8. Upper Bigelow: No bull trout but 2 salmon. 9. Bigelow Logjam: Did not sample but should in the future. 10. Bigelow Bridge: No bull trout. TOTAL: 9 bull trout observed

McKENZIE RIVER - Olallie Boat Ramp to Paradise Campground - continued
11

July 27, 1994

  • PERSONNEL:
  • M. Wade, G. Thelen, S. Lewis

The same group returned and snorkeled the same holes, plus looked at a few additional ones between Paradise Campground and McKenzie bridge Campground, but none were snorkeled in this stretch. The water temperature was 7.5°C at Olallie Campground and it was 85°F and sunny outside. Time was 1100 - 1700.

1. Olallie boat ramp: Saw five bull trout here in about the same location. Sizes were: two 24”; one 20”; one 14”; and one 12”. The water here was very murky, and so our visibility was limited.

2. Deer Creek: One bull trout was observed about 24” in length off to the west bank at lower end of pool.

4. Highway pool: No bull trout seen. Visibility was better in these lower pools. 5. Ledge pool: Two bull trout observed, one 24” and one 18”. They were seen threefourths of the way through the pool; on the west bank side towards the middle of water.

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    Cultural Resource Overview of the \Villamette National Forest Western Oregon Rick Minor and Audrey Frances Pecor University of Oregon Anthropological Papers No. 121977 CULTURAL RESOURCE OVERVIEW OF THE WILLAMETTE NATIONAL FOREST, WESTERN OREGON BY RICK MINOR AND AUDREY FRANCES PECOR UNIVERSITY OF OREGON ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS NO. 12 1977 CULTIJRAL RESOURCE OVERVIEW OF THE WILLAMETTE NATIONAL FOREST, WESTENN ORECON by Rick Minor and Audrey Frances Pecor Uniwersity of Oregon Anthropological Papers No. 12 1977 Errata Page 16, paragraph 4, line 9,Read "North Santiain," rather than "South Santiam." Page 17, paragraph 3,This is misleading.Although a section of the western portion of the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road became part of the Willamette Pass highway, the Wagon Road itself crossed the Cascades at Eintnigrant Pass. Page 11, paragraph 4, line 3,Change to read ",. most important one has probably been that which was formerly located at McKenzie Bridge. Page 18, paragraph 4, line 4.Read "aite 31" rather than "site 32." Page 20, last paragraph, line 2.Read "Leo Paschelke" rather than "Las Paschelke." Page 28, paragraph 2, line 1.Read "Another hot springs..," rather than tA more recently developed hot springs, Page 33, Figure 3.Site 11 is misiocatedit should be placed 4 tijiles south and 2 miles weSt of the location shown,Site 12 is mislocated; it should be placed approximately 6 miles east and tmiles south of the position shown, Page 54.Caption for Figo 20 should reflect that the photograph was furnished by S. hear. Page 70-li, Table 4.dorrect as follows Site Nooi Map Reference North Santiam Mining tistrict Fig.
  • W V V 8 25 2012.Pdf

    W V V 8 25 2012.Pdf

    Willamette Valley Voices: Connecting Generations In This Issue A Journal of Willamette Valley History This edition of Willamette Valley Voices: Connecting Generations is the first of the Willamette Volume 1 Summer 2012 Number 1 Heritage Center’s new biannual publication. The goal of the journal is to provide a showcase for scholarly writing pertaining to History and Heritage in the Oregon’s Willamette Valley, south of Portland, written by scholars, students, heritage professionals and historians - professional and amateur. The Importance of Public Space as Community Anchors Its purpose is to promote historical scholarship focused on the communities of the area. Each edition is Joy Sears themed to orient authors and readers to widely varied and important topics in Valley history. 4 Willamette Valley Voices’ first edition shares articles about Public Spaces. Public spaces, both built and Dancing its Way into your Heart: Cottonwoods Ballroom 1930-1960 natural, anchor the Valley’s communities and shape and inform community identities. Identity-making Toni Rush and Jim Creighton around community anchors is an important way to reinvigorate city centers and downtowns. Civic 9 institutions and public spaces help create vibrant towns and destinations, as well as serve as catalysts for revitalizing the neighborhoods and areas around them. Salem School Names Fritz Juengling The articles in this first issue vary greatly in topic, but generally seem to fall into three areas: Those that 18 focus on history specific to a city, town or place - “Dancing its Way into your Heart: Cottonwoods Oregon State Insane Asylum: A Sanctuary Ballroom 1930-1960” by Toni Rush & Jim Creighton and “Salem School Names” by Fritz Juengling; Dianne Huddleston topics that have a largely statewide emphasis, though they also have broader implications - “Oregon 31 State Insane Asylum: A Sanctuary” by Diane Huddleston and “The First Women to Cross the Continent by Covered Wagon, Welcomed by Dr.

  • Schedule of Proposed Action (SOPA) 10/01/2017 to 12/31/2017 Willamette National Forest This Report Contains the Best Available Information at the Time of Publication

    Schedule of Proposed Action (SOPA) 10/01/2017 to 12/31/2017 Willamette National Forest This report contains the best available information at the time of publication. Questions may be directed to the Project Contact. Expected Project Name Project Purpose Planning Status Decision Implementation Project Contact R6 - Pacific Northwest Region, Occurring in more than one Forest (excluding Regionwide) Central Cascades Wilderness - Recreation management In Progress: Expected:08/2018 06/2019 Beth Peer Strategies 2017 Scoping Start 06/01/2017 541-383-4761 EA Est. Comment Period Public [email protected] Notice 02/2018 Description: The Deschutes and Willamette National Forests are considering visitor use management strategies for five wilderness areas in the central Cascades in order to reduce resource impacts and negative effects to wilderness character due to high use. Web Link: http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=50578 Location: UNIT - Bend/Fort Rock Ranger District, Sisters Ranger District, Middle Fork Ranger District, Detroit Ranger District, McKenzie River Ranger District. STATE - Oregon. COUNTY - Deschutes, Jefferson, Klamath, Lane, Linn. LEGAL - Not Applicable. Project addresses five Central Cascades Wildernesses. Mt. Jefferson, Mt. Washington, Three Sisters, Waldo Lake, and Diamond Peak. Willamette National Forest Detroit Ranger District (excluding Projects occurring in more than one District) R6 - Pacific Northwest Region 2017 Young Stand Density - Vegetation management In Progress: Expected:11/2017 08/2018 Sue Crowder Management (other than forest products) Scoping Start 04/07/2017 503-854-4364 CE [email protected] *UPDATED* Description: Reduce stocking on approximately 4800 acres, district wide, in overstocked stands less than 40 years old by thinning.
  • Schedule of Proposed Action (SOPA) 04/01/2017 to 06/30/2017 Willamette National Forest This Report Contains the Best Available Information at the Time of Publication

    Schedule of Proposed Action (SOPA) 04/01/2017 to 06/30/2017 Willamette National Forest This Report Contains the Best Available Information at the Time of Publication

    Schedule of Proposed Action (SOPA) 04/01/2017 to 06/30/2017 Willamette National Forest This report contains the best available information at the time of publication. Questions may be directed to the Project Contact. Expected Project Name Project Purpose Planning Status Decision Implementation Project Contact R6 - Pacific Northwest Region, Occurring in more than one Forest (excluding Regionwide) Central Cascades Wilderness - Recreation management Developing Proposal Expected:07/2018 07/2019 Beth Peer Strategies 2017 Est. Scoping Start 05/2017 541-383-4761 EA [email protected] *UPDATED* Description: The Deschutes and Willamette National Forests are considering visitor use management strategies for five wilderness areas in the central Cascades in order to reduce resource impacts caused by increasing recreation use. Web Link: http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=50578 Location: UNIT - Bend/Fort Rock Ranger District, Sisters Ranger District, Middle Fork Ranger District, Detroit Ranger District, McKenzie River Ranger District. STATE - Oregon. COUNTY - Deschutes, Jefferson, Klamath, Lane, Linn. LEGAL - Not Applicable. Project addresses five Central Cascades Wildernesses. Mt. Jefferson, Mt. Washington, Three Sisters, Waldo Lake, and Diamond Peak. Willamette National Forest Detroit Ranger District (excluding Projects occurring in more than one District) R6 - Pacific Northwest Region 2017 Young Stand Density - Wildlife, Fish, Rare plants Developing Proposal Expected:11/2017 08/2018 Sue Crowder Management - Vegetation management Est. Scoping Start 04/2017 503-854-4364 CE (other than forest products) [email protected] *NEW LISTING* Description: Reduce stocking on approximately 4800 acres, district wide, in overstocked stands less than 40 years old by thinning. Web Link: http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=51338 Location: UNIT - Detroit Ranger District.
  • Or Wild and Scenic Rivers System

    Or Wild and Scenic Rivers System

    Cascades Ecoregion ◆ Introduction 115 Young Volcanoes and Old Forests Cascades Ecoregion he Oregon portion of the Cascades Ecoregion encompasses 7.2 million growth forests. These include Roosevelt elk, black-tailed deer, beaver, black bear, coyote, acres and contains the highest mountains in the state. The Cascades marten, fisher, cougar, raccoon, rabbits, squirrels and (probably) lynx. Bird species Ecoregion is the backbone of Oregon, stretching lengthwise from the include the northern spotted owl and other owls, blue and ruffed grouse, band-tailed T Columbia River Gorge almost to the California border. Its width is pigeon, mountain quail, hawks, numerous songbirds, pileated woodpecker and other defined by the Willamette Valley and Klamath Mountains Ecoregions woodpeckers, bald eagle, golden eagle, osprey and peregrine falcon. Fish species include on the west and the Eastern Cascade Slope and Foothills Ecoregion on the east. The Pacific salmon stocks, bull trout and rainbow trout. Five of the eleven species endemic to highest peak is Mount Hood (11,239’). This ecoregion also extends northward into the ecoregion are amphibians: Pacific giant salamander, Cascade seep salamander, Washington and has three unusual outlier terrestrial “islands:” Paulina Mountains Oregon slender salamander, Larch Mountain salamander and the Cascades frog. southeast of Bend, Black Butte near Sisters and Mount Shasta in California. The effects of latitude on forest type are obvious in the Cascades as they range from Geologically, the ecoregion consists of two mountain ranges: the High Cascades the Columbia River to the California border. The effects of elevation are dramatic as well. and the Western (sometimes called “Old”) Cascades. Both are parallel north-south Beginning at the Willamette Valley margin and heading both eastward and ranges, but they are geologically distinct, as one is much older than the other.
  • History of the Willamette National Forest

    History of the Willamette National Forest

    HISTORY OF THE WILLAMETTE NATIONAL FOREST By Lawrence and Mary Rakestraw 1991 USDA - Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Willamette National Forest - A Personal Perspective Description of the Willamette National Forest Vicinity Map Willamette National Forest Map History of the Willamette National Forest Table of Contents CHAPTER I - BEGINNINGS 1891-1897 Early Forest Reserve Proposal in 1889 Forest Reserve Act of 1891 Cascade Range Forest Reserve, 1893-1897 Coville Report on Grazing Notes - Chapter I Chronological Summary, 1891-1897 CHAPTER II - EVOLUTION TO PROFESSIONAL LANDMANAGEMENT, 1898-1905 U.S. Geological Survey Report on the Cascade Range Forest Reserve Forest Reserve Administration by the General Land Office General Land Office Forest Rangers Notes - Chapter II Chronological Summary, 1898-1905 CHAPTER III - TAMING A WILD FOREST: 1905-1933 Introduction Administration Lands The Timber and Stone Act Mining Claims Wagon Road Grants and School Lands Agricultural Lands, Homesteaders, and Squatters Lieu Lands and Land Fraud The Oregon Land Fraud Cases Grazing Wildlife Developments Recreation Amenity Values Research Fire Control Timber Sales Notes - Chapter III Chronological Summary, 1905-1933 CHAPTER IV: DEPRESSION AND WAR, 1933-1945 Introduction Administration Timber Sales Subsistence Homesteads Wildlife and Grazing Recreation, Amenity Values, Developments Relief Work—The Civilian Conservation Corps World War II Notes - Chapter IV Chronological Summary, 1933-1944 CHAPTER V: ERA OF INTENSIVE FORESTRY,