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Investigating the Possible Causal Role of Coffee Consumption with Prostate Cancer Risk and Progression Using Mendelian Randomization Analysis

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Investigating the Possible Causal Role of Coffee Consumption with Prostate Cancer Risk and Progression Using Mendelian Randomization Analysis IJC International Journal of Cancer Short Report Investigating the possible causal role of coffee consumption with prostate cancer risk and progression using Mendelian randomization analysis Amy E. Taylor1,2, Richard M. Martin1,3,4, Milan S. Geybels5, Janet L. Stanford5,6, Irene Shui5, Rosalind Eeles7,8, Doug Easton9, Zsofia Kote-Jarai7, Ali Amin Al Olama9, Sara Benlloch9, Kenneth Muir10, Graham G Giles11,12, Fredrik Wiklund13, Henrik Gronberg13, Christopher A Haiman14, Johanna Schleutker15,16, Børge G. Nordestgaard17, Ruth C Travis18, David Neal19, Nora Pashayan12,20, Kay-Tee Khaw21, William Blot22, Stephen Thibodeau23, Christiane Maier24,25, Adam S Kibel26,27, Cezary Cybulski28, Lisa Cannon-Albright29, Hermann Brenner30,31,32, Jong Park33, Radka Kaneva34, Jyotsna Batra35, Manuel R Teixeira36,37, Hardev Pandha38, and the PRACTICAL Consortium, Jenny Donovan3 and Marcus R. Munafo1,2 1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 2 School of Experimental Psychology and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 3 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 4 The NIHR Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol 5 Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 6 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Key words: prostate cancer, coffee, Mendelian randomization Cancer Epidemiology Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Conflicts of interest: Rosalind Eeles received an honorarium from the genito-urinary American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting 2016. Grant sponsor: UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, a UKCRC Public Health Research: Centre of Excellence (to A.E.T. and M.R.M.); British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, and the National Institute for Health Research, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration; Grant sponsor: Cancer Research UK (to R.M.M. and Caroline Relton (Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme)); Grant number: C18281/A19169; Grant sponsor: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; (CRUK study and the PRACTICAL consortium); Grant sponsor: European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme; Grant number: 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009–223175); Grant sponsor: Cancer Research UK; Grant numbers: C5047/A7357, C1287/A10118, C5047/A3354, C5047/A10692, C16913/A6135; Grant sponsor: National Institute of Health (NIH) Cancer Post-Cancer GWAS initiative (the GAME-ON initiative); Grant number: 1 U19 CA 148537–01; Grant sponsor: European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (iCOGS infrastructure); Grant number: 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009–223175) (iCOGS); Grant sponsor: Cancer Research UK; Grant numbers: C1287/ A10118, C1287/A 10710, C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant number: CA128978; Grant sponsor: Post-Cancer GWAS initiative; Grant numbers: 1U19 CA148537, 1U19 CA148065 and 1U19 CA148112 (GAME-ON initiative); Grant sponsor: Department of Defence; Grant number: W81XWH-10–1-0341; Grant sponsor: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer, Komen Foundation for the Cure, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund; Grant sponsor: VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria (MCCS cohort recruitment); Grant sponsor: Australian NHMRC; Grant numbers: 209057, 251553 and 504711; Grant sponsor: Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), including the National Death Index and the Australian Cancer Database; Grant sponsor: U.K. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme of the NIH Research (ProtecT study); Grant numbers: HTA 96/20/99; ISRCTN20141297; Grant sponsor: National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) formed by the Department of Health, the Medical Research Council and Cancer Research UK [NHS R&D Directorate supported Prodigal study and the ProMPT (Prostate Mechanisms of Progression and Treatment)]; Grant number: G0500966/75466; Grant sponsor: Cancer Research UK (to R.A.E. and Z.K.J.); Grant number: C5047/A7357; Grant sponsor: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (to RAE and ZKJ); Grant sponsors: National Institute for Health Research Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit based at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol (to R.M.M.); Grant sponsor: NIHR Senior Investigators (to F.C.H., D.E.N. and J.L.D.); Grant sponsors: MRC and the University of Bristol (Integrative Epidemiology Unit); Grant numbers: G0600705, MC_UU_12013/6 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30462 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. History: Received 27 Apr 2016; Accepted 5 Sep 2016; Online 14 Oct 2016 Correspondence to: Dr. Amy Taylor, School of Experimental Psychology, 12a Priory Road, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Tel.: 0117 928 8547, Fax: 0117 928 8588, E-mail: [email protected] Int. J. Cancer: 140, 322–328 (2017) VC 2016 The Authors International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC Taylor et al. 323 7 The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom 8 The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom 9 Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom 10 Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom 11 Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 12 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 13 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden 14 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 15 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland 16 Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland 17 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, 2730, Denmark 18 Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 19 Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Box 279, Cambridge, United Kingdom 20 Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom 21 Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom 22 International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd, Suite 550, Rockville, MD 23 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 24 Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany 25 Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany 26 Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 45 Francis Street-ASB II-3, Boston, MA 27 Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 28 International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland 29 Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 30 Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Cancer Epidemiology 31 Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 32 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 33 Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 34 Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave St, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria 35 Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia 36 Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal 37 Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal 38 Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom Coffee consumption has been shown in some studies to be associated with lower risk of prostate cancer. However, it is unclear if this association is causal or due to confounding or reverse causality. We conducted a Mendelian randomisation analysis to investigate the causal effects of coffee consumption on prostate cancer risk and progression. We used two genetic variants robustly associated with caffeine intake (rs4410790 and rs2472297) as proxies for coffee consumption in a sample of 46,687 men of European ancestry from 25 studies in the PRACTICAL
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