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Uy24-17411.Pdf Paleobiodiversidad y paleoecología de moluscos continentales Para el enano 2 Paleobiodiversidad y paleoecología de moluscos continentales Agradecimientos En primer lugar a Sergio, por guiarme todo a lo largo de este camino que ha sido la maestría, por sus comentarios y por estar siempre presente cuando lo necesito para responder dudas y hacer sugerencias (aunque esté de vacaciones). A Mariano Verde, por ser chofer y packing-boy voluntario de todas mis salidas de campo, lo cual fue una ayuda impagable. También por sus comentarios, sugerencias y consejos y por ser tribunal de esta tesis. A Walter Norbis por toda su ayuda y consejos en parte de los trabajos de estadística de esta tesis, y también por aceptar ser parte del tribunal de la tesis y sus valiosos comentarios de la misma. A Checho, por estar siempre a mi lado y escuchar mis catarsis, bancarme en todo, por ir al campo a dar una mano siempre que pudo y por determinar preliminarmente los restos de cáscaras de huevo de dinosaurio. A las Ofidias (Andrea Corona y Valeria Mesa), por aguantar cabeza, escuchar quejas y bancarse el relajo de mi escritorio. También por sus consejos y compartir experiencias, gracias!. A los paleos “grandes”, Alejandra Rojas, Gloria Daners, Daniel Perea y Martín Ubilla que han colaborado directa e indirectamente, con consejos o sugerencias o simplemente por estar ahi. A Lucía Vivanco que procesó una parte de las muestras y econtró algunos de los materiales que permitieron mejorar las descripciones de algunos de los grupos taxonómicos de la tesis. Los paleos “chicos” Felipe Montenegro, Aldo Manzuetti, Pablo Toriño y en especial Guillermo Roland que fue a todas las salidas de campo a dar una mano y determino los materiales de nidos y cámaras pupales. Verónica Espíndola que me recibió en Corrientes e hizo todo lo posible por ayudarme (en todo sentido) mientras estuve allá, y sin su ayuda no hubiera sido posible localizar la mayor parte de los ejemplares que allí se econtraban. 3 Paleobiodiversidad y paleoecología de moluscos continentales Al Dr. Claudio De Francesco que aceptó ser tribunal de esta tesis ypor sus valiosos comentarios en la misma. Gustavo Lecuona que me provee de ejemplares actuales para usar como material comparativo y que fueron fundamentales en parte de los análisis de esta tesis. Los estudiantes del seminario de Introducción a la Biología 2013 que colaboraron a procesar muestras usadas en esta tesis. A mi familia por todo su apoyo incondicional, en especial a Bruno por bancarse mis ausencias ya sea por estar hasta tarde en facu o por estar en el campo, gracias mil. Daniel y Felipe, que no son de paleo, pero que ayudan en cualquier cosa (asi sea aguantar cabeza) cada vez que les pregunto algo o pido ayudas con el inglés. A los museos que prestaron materiales o enviaron fotografías de los mismos: Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadiavia”, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Universidad de Santa María (Brasil); Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh (Estados Unidos); Naturhistorisches Museum, Basilea (Suiza). Quisiera agradecer a las agencias financiadoras; a la Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación que financió dos proyectos en los que participo y que están vinculados total o parcialmente al tema de tesis: proyectos FCE 3 2011 1 5702 y FCE 3 2011 1 6829; también financió parcialmente mi beca de maestría, becas 2013. A la Comisión Académica de Posgrados (CAP) por financiar mi beca de maestría, becas 2013. A la Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevideo (AUGM) que financió la visita a la Universidad del Nordeste, Corrientes (Argentina) en 2013. Por último, agradecer al Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA) área Biología, en el marco del cual se realizó este posgrado. 4 Paleobiodiversidad y paleoecología de moluscos continentales Paleobiodiversidad y paleoecología de moluscos continentales. El Cretácico tardío – Paleógeno de Uruguay como caso de estudio Índice Resumen .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Capítulo 1: Introducción .................................................................................................................. 12 La Formación Queguay ............................................................................................................................... 12 Los primeros estudios ............................................................................................................................ 12 El "nuevo enfoque" .................................................................................................................................. 13 Contexto geológico ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Antecedentes paleontológicos ................................................................................................................. 17 Forma de preservación de los fósiles ............................................................................................... 21 Asociación Eoborus charruanus ......................................................................................................... 22 Asociación Biomphalaria walteri ....................................................................................................... 22 Objetivos e hipótesis .................................................................................................................................... 24 Objetivo general ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Objetivos específicos .............................................................................................................................. 24 Hipótesis ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 Capítulo 2: Materiales y métodos ................................................................................................. 26 Muestreos ......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Preparación de las muestras ............................................................................................................... 28 Identificación taxonómica mediante análisis morfométricos ............................................... 29 Visitas a colecciones .................................................................................................................................... 29 Análisis paleoecológicos ............................................................................................................................ 30 Capítulo 3: Ejemplares estudiados .............................................................................................. 32 Nuevas colectas .............................................................................................................................................. 32 Relevamientos ........................................................................................................................................... 32 Preparación en laboratorio .................................................................................................................. 35 5 Paleobiodiversidad y paleoecología de moluscos continentales Ejemplares de colecciones ........................................................................................................................ 42 Capítulo 4: Estudios morfológicos ............................................................................................... 45 Análisis de varianza de la espiral logarítmica .................................................................................... 45 La espiral logarítmica ............................................................................................................................. 45 El género Biomphalaria ......................................................................................................................... 46 Análisis de la varianza ............................................................................................................................ 49 Resultados ................................................................................................................................................... 51 Discusión ..................................................................................................................................................... 54 Morfometría geométrica en bulimulidos ............................................................................................ 56 Morfometría ............................................................................................................................................... 56 La familia Bulimulidae en la Formación Queguay ...................................................................... 58 Materiales y métodos ............................................................................................................................. 59 Resultados ..................................................................................................................................................
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