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University of São Paulo Sâopaulo - Bha7il Isrp-4 São Paulo 1988

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University of São Paulo Sâopaulo - Bha7il Isrp-4 São Paulo 1988 & 20 ISRP-4 SÃO PAULO 1988 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS OCTOBER 3 - 7,1988 UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO SÂOPAULO - BHA7IL ISRP-4 SÃO PAULO 1988 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO OCTOBER 3-7,1988 4th International Symposium on Radiation Physics BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Universidade de São Paulo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos Secretaria de Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de São Paulo Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear ill Centro Latino-Americano de Física FAPESP Fundação de Amparo ã Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo FOREWORD The 4th International Symposium on Radiation Physics - ISRP-4 was organized with the objective of gathering the physics radiation community in a meeting where the nost recent advances in this broad interdisciplinary area of science could be discussed. A big effort was made announcing the Symposium through mailing lists and journals. The response of the community was very good. A large number of abstracts were submitted and 212 papers were accepted. The Organizing Committee made a big effort to raise funds to subsidize the Conference, and the Brazilian funding institutions were very receptive in supporting the event. We are very grateful to all of them wich on, listed in the front page. unfortunately, the cost of travel represented a big obstacle for the participation of many scientists in the meeting, in particular for those from developing countries. Contrary to our expectations we had to retype all abstracts received. This was done in a very short time and so we apologize for any mistakes that could have remained. The Organizing Committee wants to thank the Secretaries that participated in the making of this book and in the other activities of the Symposium. We thank also the administrative and technical staff of the Institute of Physics for their help in many tasks. Without the help of all these people this meeting would have been impossible. Last but not the least, the Organizing Committee wishes to thank your participation in this event and hopes that the objectives can be attained. Local organizing committee ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The International Symposium on Radiation Physics is being held under the sponsorship of the International Radiation Physics Society and the University of São Paulo. The local Organizing Committee gratefully acknowledges financial support from the following institutions: USP - Universidade de São Paulo CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaria da Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de São Paulo CNEN - Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear CLAF - Centro Latino-Araericano de Física VARIG - Viação Aérea Riograndense Companhia Brasileira de Tecnologia Nuclear Importação, Indústria e Comércio Anbriex S/A INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD G.R. Bishop, France E. .^snati, Italy H. Chuaqui, Chile D.c Creagh, Australia A.S. Divatia, India U. "ano, USA I. Freund, Israel J. «-<-. demberg, Brazil R. Hofstadter, USA Huo *• ^ing, China J.H. Hubbell, USA J. Le -e Lopes, Brazil Jia Ming-Li, China H.A. t/sen, Norway M. Mariscotti, Argentina A.A. i- -"ansky, USSR V. Paar, Yugoslavia N. Shik-^ono, Japan A. Reggoug, Morocco F. Wuiiieumier, France INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE D.B. Isabelle (Chairman), France A. Ljubicic, Yugoslavia Z.M. Bao, China M.K. Mehta, ndia 0. Berenyi, Hungary l.C. Nascimento, Brazil D. Benninson, Argentina A.S. Paschoa, Brazil J. Cameron, USA R.H. Pratt, bS.v M.J. Cooper, UK S. Shimizu, .LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE I.e. Nascimento (Chairman) J.R. J.D.T. Arruda-Neto, Sci E. OK-'no Secretary A.S. ". tschoa M.V. Heller, Treasurer C. Szi: ia)c S. de Barros A.S. d Toledo C.V. de Barros Leite J.B. Martins I. FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN RADIATION PHYSICS INVITED PAPERS Effects of Nuclear Deca,. on the Atomic Electron Rearrangements Yasuhito Isozumi Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Since every nuclear transition takes place in the whole system of nucleus plus atomic electrons, the atomic electron cloud is perturbed in most of nuclear decays, except the 7-ray emission which can be expressed only by nuclear variables. For example, some vacancies in inner shells are produced through the internal conversion (IC) or the electron capture (EC). These nuclear decays are regarded as the first-order phenomena caused by mixing therms between atomic and nuclear variables in electromagnetic or weak interactions. The perturbation of electron doud during nuclear decays generally results in additional ionizations and excitations of inner shells, but with small probabilities, e.g., typically 5x10"* per 0-decay for the K-shell ionization of **Y (Z=39). This second-order process is called the internal ionization am? ....'. 'HE), or shakeoff and shakeup, self- or auto-ionization and excitation in other terminologies. The IIE process is one of .various second-order phenomena during nuclear decays, such as internal Bremsstfahlung, internal Compton effect and internal pair creation. In these second-order processes, IIE may be the most .interesting subject to be investigated. Since IIE is much concerned with the interaction of nucleus and atomic electrons, the study of IIE can provide valuable information about the atomic shell structure of physical and chemical interests. The mechanism of IIE during a-decay is a little different from that during 0, IC and EC decays. The velocity of a particle from known a emitters is so much slower than that of orbital electrons in most inner shells (Va/VK« -0.1) that the perturbation caused by or particles becomes adiabatic rather than sudden for such inner shell electrons. Therefore, the full time-dependent perturbation theory (e.g., adiabatic approximation) must be applied to treat IIE of inner shells during a-decay theoretically, while the ordinary theory for sudden perturbations are available for IIE during 0, IC and EC decays. The present review talk is limited to the K-shell IIE processes during p, $*, IC and EC decays, which have been investigated intensively by various experimental and theoretical methods. A main purpose of the talk is to introduce a general aspect of the phenomena in a framework of the second-order perturbation theory. The review talk consists of the following three parts. - 1) Experimental evidences: There are two kinds of experimental works so far performed for the K-shell HE during £, IC and EC decays; one is the measurement of the total ionization probability per decay and the other is the measurement of energy spectra of ejected electrons. -Some previous works are discussed to show difficulties of experiments for observing such rare ! phenomena. ' 2) Theoretical treatments: Mechanisms of the phenomena, so far established or proposed, .' are summarized, giving some historical sketches of previous theoretical works. I 3) A general aspect: Mechanisms proposed for each nuclear decays can be unified through |: the second-order perturbation theory. According to this unified aspect, the matrix element of HE I for each nuclear decay is given by I M(l£) = [overlap integral], M(IC) = [K-K correlation], M(EC) = [overlap integral] - [K-K correlation]. Available total ionization probabilities so far measured are qualitatively discussed from the standpoint of the unified aspect. New calculations according to this viewpoint may be proposed to •theoreticians. Photoionization Studies of Atoms and Molecules Using Synchrotron Radiation Dennis W. lindle National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Photoionization studies of free atoms and molecules have undergone considerable development in the past decade, in large part due to the use of synchrotron radiation with its inherent advantages of tunability, brightness, and good linear polarization. Tunability, in particular, has permitted the study of photoionization processes near valence- and core- level ionization thresholds for atoms (and molecules containing them) throughout the Periodic Table. When photoionization occurs, it can be monitored by measuring absorption of the incident radiation, by detecting the ionization products (electrons, ions), or by observing subsequent particle emission (Auger, fluorescence) from the ion(s) produced. Illustrations of these different modes of study will be presented, with emphasis on some of the more promising new directions in atomic and molecular physics being pursued with synchrotron radiation. Internal Bremsstrahlung in Electron Capture and Neutrino Mass B. A. Logan Ottawa-Carieton Institute of Physics, University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario KIN 6N5, Canada The possibility that neutrinos and antineutrinos have a non-zero mass is a topic of considerable current interest. Lubimov et al investigated the end point of the tritium jff-ray spectrum and found evidence for antineutrinos with a mass of about 30 eV. The observation of a kink in the tritium /J-ray spectrum has been interpreted as 2 •* 4% of the emitted antineutrinos having masses of about 17 keV. However, other recent investigations of the /f-ray spectra from tritium, 35S, and ,; °Ni have not supported the existence of either 30 eV or 17 keV antineutrinos. :j It is also possible to measure the neutrino mass by studying the photon spectrum of the , internal bremsstrahlung emitted in electron capture (IBEC). Several experimental investigations ! have been reported and limits obtained for the mass of the neutrino, and on the relative intensity of neutrinos with masses of about 17 keV. These results are reviewed
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