DOCSLIB.ORG

Symbiotic Relationship

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Symbiotic Relationship A SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP: THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIALISTS AND THE NEW IMMIGRANTS, 1870-1920 A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of History California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History by Anthony R. Folcarelli SPRING 2013 ©2013 Anthony R. Folcarelli ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii A SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP: THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIALISTS AND THE NEW IMMIGRANTS, 1870-1920 A Thesis by Anthony R. Folcarelli Approved by: __________________________________, First Reader Patrick Ettinger, Ph.D. __________________________________, Second Reader Scott Lupo, Ph.D. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Anthony R. Folcarelli I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. ________________________________ Graduate Coordinator________________ Mona Siegel, Ph.D. Date Department of History iv Abstract of A SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP: THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIALISTS AND THE NEW IMMIGRANTS, 1870-1920 by Anthony R. Folcarelli During the period of 1870-1920, America was transformed into an industrial nation and elevated itself to the status of being a world power economically, politically, and militarily. With an abundance of coal and iron ore, the United States moved slowly and deliberately toward achieving self-sufficiency in the production of iron, steel, and associated products. These industries laid the foundation for a broad transformation in the manufacturing of a variety of goods. Two major forces came together to play essential partnership roles necessary for the extraordinary production of iron and steel. Private entrepreneurs organized capital to acquire and develop mines and mills. They required an abundant supply of labor in order to manage labor costs as they sought to satisfy the growing demand from America's expanding manufacturing sector. Millions of immigrants, predominantly from Southern and Eastern Europe, immigrated to the United States between 1870 and 1920, moving in large numbers into unskilled positions in these key industries. These immigrants were eager to join the industrial revolution for jobs, increased wages, and economic riches. v This thesis draws on extensive primary and secondary sources to demonstrate a direct correlation in the production of iron and steel, the inflow and increase of immigrant labor, and the rise of production. Immigrant laborers and entrepreneurs in the mining and steel industries established a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship that served the economic needs of each. _______________________, First Reader Patrick Ettinger, Ph.D. _______________________ Date vi DEDICATION To my wife Diane whose unwavering support, patience, continuous encouragement, and love made this challenging adventure a rewarding one. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to the many professors in the California State University at Sacramento Department of History for their exciting seminars, required readings, and shared knowledge which has enriched my life. I am particularly grateful to those who assisted me in the fulfillment of my desire to produce this thesis. Dr. Patrick Ettinger whose steadfast encouragement, support, patience, and editing guided the thesis to its completion. I also wish thank Dr. Scott Lupo who, at a critical part in the process, gave generously of this time and skills to help me organize the composition as a logical, unified argument. I am grateful to Dr. Mona Siegel whose guidance throughout the program and the completion of this thesis was superb. Dr. Tom Adams, although not a member of the faculty, was an invaluable mentor who provided additional assistance, guidance, and editing. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Dedication ......................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xiii Chapter Page 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1 2. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN THE UNITED STATES, 1870-1920........................................................................................................7 Railroads ..................................................................................................................8 Manufacturing ........................................................................................................10 The Growth of a Military Power ............................................................................14 The Creation of the Atlantic Freeway ....................................................................15 The Growth of the Modern City:Transformation of a Rural to Urban Society .....17 The Social Revolution of Personal Transportation: The Automobile ...................22 The Tin Can ...........................................................................................................23 3. LEGISLATIVE AND COMMERCIAL INITIATIVES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENCOURAGING IMMIGRATION OF FOREIGN LABOR INTO THE AMERICAN ECONOMY ...................................................................................................................26 Legislation and Political Actions in the Fulfillment of Hamilton's Guidelines .....32 4. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATION WHICH CAUSED A RADICAL CHANGE IN THE ETHNIC AND RACIAL COMPOSITION OF THE COAL, IRON, AND STEEL INDUSTRIES WORK FORCE: 1870-1920 .....................................................35 ix The Civil War and the Loss of a Viable Labor Supply..........................................37 Birth Rate Decline and Population ........................................................................38 5. ACCEPTANCE OF WORKING AND LIVING CONDITIONS BY NEW IMMIGRANTS ..............................................................................................................44 Accidents and Deaths .............................................................................................45 Working Conditions and the Native Worker's Discrimination ..............................53 Living and Housing Conditions .............................................................................56 6. ATTRIBUTES THAT MADE THE NEW IMMIGRANTS AN APPEALING LABOR FORCE FOR AMERICAN MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRY...............................61 Literate or Illiterate -- No Matter ...........................................................................64 Tractable ................................................................................................................66 Eager and Desperate Job Seekers ..........................................................................66 Mobility..................................................................................................................68 Endurance and Physical Strength...........................................................................69 Stable Work Force .................................................................................................71 Piecework ...............................................................................................................73 Unorganized Labor ................................................................................................76 Financially Indebted Worker .................................................................................78 Frugal .....................................................................................................................81 Cheap Labor ...........................................................................................................82 7. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP: THE BENEFIT TO THE INDUSTRIALIST ..........86 Coal Production and Ethnic Composition of the Work Force ...............................88 x Iron Ore Mining and the Ethnic Composition of the Work Force .........................94 Iron and Steel Production and the Ethnic Composition of the Work Force ..........96 8. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP:THE BENEFIT TO THE NEW IMMIGRANT ......103 Immigrant Banks ..................................................................................................105 Remittances ..........................................................................................................107 Property ................................................................................................................108 The New Entrepreneurs .......................................................................................110 9. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................112 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................115 xi LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 1. Growth of the Textile Fabric Industry in America, 1859-1914.................................13 2. The Dramatic Shift in the Production of Tinplate and Terne Plate: 1895-1920........25 3. Immigration and White Population Demographics of America: 1790-1920.............40
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Faces and Facades” Will on Saturday, June 11, 2016 from Creates Certain Patterns, Styles and Kenya, India and Brazil; Worked Explore the Concept of Outward 5-7 Pm
    ALALBANY, NY PERMIT #486 Published by the Greene County Council on the Arts, 398 Main St., Catskill, NY 12414 • Issue 110 • May/June 2016 GCCA Catskill Gallery Presents New Group Exhibition Featuring Burton C. Bell’s Graphic Novel THE INDUSTRIALIST Don’t Stereotype Me by Joanne Van Gendern. The Greene County Council narrative theme, whether through Other pieces are inspired by a books, three of which will be on miles of stone walls—enough to on the Arts presents a new group multiple images, a single image, or story, as in Matthew Pleva’s six-part display in Words and Images. reach the far side of the moon—in exhibition dedicated to the art of the story that inspired the artwork. illustration “Arrowhead,” which Reilly, a member of the Book Arts fact built by European colonists in storytelling called “Words and Abigael Puritz, a graphic depicts multiple angles of the exte- Roundtable, has given workshops a period of roughly 100 years—or Images.” Featuring the work of novelist, painter and printmaker rior of Herman Melville’s Pittsfi eld, on making books by hand in many are they perhaps much, much older? over a dozen local and international originally from Oneonta NY, depicts Massachusetts house where he libraries and museums in New York Employing a mountain of testimony artists, the Words and Images show in her graphic memoir novel “The wrote his masterpiece Moby- and New Jersey. He is currently on from archaeology, art and popular will include animated short fi lms, Climb” a memorable summer trip Dick, along with an illustrated the faculty of the Rosendale School histories, and other fi elds, Bua’s graphic novels, illustrations, sculp- to Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • James C. Self, SC Industrialist, Dies
    \oqrapv arner J »1 I a( five or six rooms, designed by for the hundreds who were em of the South anu Uiu traditions.- [ ers who gathered here last year Soli and built by his huge con ployed in his plants. A retiring, al in my more than 76 years ]i to honor nim as he was presented struction department most timid man, he never became have seen the South rise Phoenix- the Man of the South scroll. James C. Self, SC Self spent millions of dollars in too big to treat personally with like from defeat and become an His life as a college student end those whom he employed. Plain building schools, churches and oth Important segment of the nation. ed, Mr. SeU turned to his own er facilities in the villages. He in his tastes, Mr. Self drove around The South is being reborn. Many brought the carillon bells from The area for employment, and look a often in old automobiles of modest in other sections are seeing in the job paying $100 a year as clerk Netherlands© World©s Fair exhibit costs. South a great potential that can at a country store operated by Industrialist, Dies and installed them in a tower at Homes for Workers inaugurate a new era. J. M. Gaines. This store hurned. Callie Self Church, named for his He was particularly proud of (he "Today, no one who knows the however, and he began work as Urer of the company. mother. fine brick homes he provided for facts doubts that the South has a clerk in the Durst and MaUiews Was a Giant SeU was a member of the first "I learned a long time ago that the employees of his mills.
    [Show full text]
  • Soho Depicted: Prints, Drawings and Watercolours of Matthew Boulton, His Manufactory and Estate, 1760-1809
    SOHO DEPICTED: PRINTS, DRAWINGS AND WATERCOLOURS OF MATTHEW BOULTON, HIS MANUFACTORY AND ESTATE, 1760-1809 by VALERIE ANN LOGGIE A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History of Art College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham January 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis explores the ways in which the industrialist Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) used images of his manufactory and of himself to help develop what would now be considered a ‘brand’. The argument draws heavily on archival research into the commissioning process, authorship and reception of these depictions. Such information is rarely available when studying prints and allows consideration of these images in a new light but also contributes to a wider debate on British eighteenth-century print culture. The first chapter argues that Boulton used images to convey messages about the output of his businesses, to draw together a diverse range of products and associate them with one site. Chapter two explores the setting of the manufactory and the surrounding estate, outlining Boulton’s motivation for creating the parkland and considering the ways in which it was depicted.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    Changing world order: Alternative perspectives relative to the future of education Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Bell-Jones, Jacqueline, 1951- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 02/10/2021 15:55:01 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282365 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter frice, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonic, Infrasonic, and Ultrasonic Frequencies
    SONIC, INFRASONIC, AND ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES: The Utilisation of Waveforms as Weapons, Apparatus for Psychological Manipulation, and as Instruments of Physiological Influence by Industrial, Entertainment, and Military Organisations. TOBY HEYS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Liverpool John Moores University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2011 1 ABSTRACT This study is a trans-disciplinary and trans-historical investigation into civilian and battlefield contexts in which speaker systems have been utilised by the military-industrial and military-entertainment complexes to apply pressure to mass social groupings and the individuated body. Drawing on authors such as historian/sociologist Michel Foucault, economist Jacques Attali, philosopher Michel Serres, political geographer/urban planner Edward Soja, musician/sonic theorist Steve Goodman, and cultural theorist/urbanist Paul Virilio, this study engages a wide range of texts to orchestrate its arguments. Conducting new strains of viral theory that resonate with architectural, neurological, and political significance, this research provides new and original analysis about the composition of waveformed geography. Ultimately, this study listens to the ways in which the past and current utilisation of sonic, infrasonic, and ultrasonic frequencies as weapons, apparatus for psychological manipulation, and instruments of physiological influence, by industrial, civilian, entertainment, and military organisations, predict future techniques of socio­ spatialised organisation. In chapter one it is argued that since the inception of wired radio speaker systems into U.S. industrial factories in 1922, the development of sonic strategies based primarily on the scoring of architectonic spatiality, cycles of repetition, and the enveloping dynamics of surround sound can be traced to the sonic torture occurring in Guantanamo Bay during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright 2014 Janine Giordano Drake
    Copyright 2014 Janine Giordano Drake BETWEEN RELIGION AND POLITICS: THE WORKING CLASS RELIGIOUS LEFT, 1880-1920 BY JANINE GIORDANO DRAKE DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2014 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee Professor James Barrett, Chair Professor David Roediger Associate Professor Kathryn Oberdeck Associate Professor Jonathan Ebel ABSTRACT Between Religion and Politics: The Working Class Religious Left, 1880-1920 makes two main arguments: First, through an analysis of socialist print culture and party meeting minutes, it argues that Christianity animated socialist culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Moreover, wage earners within socialist circles, and especially the emerging Socialist Party of America, used these working class spaces as their alternative to a church. They preached and prayed together, and developed a socialist Christian theology of cooperation, personal sacrifice, and a future “Christian Commonwealth.” While the Socialist Party of America was by no means a Christian Socialist movement, it served as a welcome spiritual home for the many working class Christians who melded their socialist convictions with their faith. Christian, Jewish, and agnostic socialists worked together under the banner of the emerging Socialist Party of America. By 1912, the number of socialist Christians outside the churches was so great that the new Protestant denominational federation, the Federal Council of Churches, organized a series of nationwide campaigns to root out socialists from industrial workforces and draw politically neutral Christians into the churches. Second, the project revises our understanding of the rise of Social Christianity.
    [Show full text]
  • Musikproduktion Im Modernen Extreme Metal: Technische Und Gestalterische Standards Sowie Besonderheiten Des Genres
    Musikproduktion im modernen Extreme Metal: technische und gestalterische Standards sowie Besonderheiten des Genres. Recording, Mixing und Mastering Gerald C. Hauzenberger MASTERARBEIT eingereicht am Fachhochschul-Masterstudiengang Digital Arts in Hagenberg im September 2013 © Copyright 2013 Gerald C. Hauzenberger Diese Arbeit wird unter den Bedingungen der Creative Commons Lizenz Namensnennung–NichtKommerziell–KeineBearbeitung Österreich (CC BY- NC-ND) veröffentlicht – siehe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 3.0/at/. ii Erklärung Ich erkläre eidesstattlich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und oh- ne fremde Hilfe verfasst, andere als die angegebenen Quellen nicht benutzt und die den benutzten Quellen entnommenen Stellen als solche gekennzeich- net habe. Die Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt. Hagenberg, am 20. September 2013 Gerald C. Hauzenberger iii Inhaltsverzeichnis Erklärung iii Vorwort vii Kurzfassung x Abstract xi 1 Einleitung 1 2 Extreme Metal 3 2.1 Historische Entwicklung . 3 2.2 Abkehr vom Mainstream . 5 2.2.1 Thrash Metal . 5 2.2.2 Death Metal . 8 2.2.3 Black Metal . 13 3 Preproduction 17 3.1 Vorbereitung . 17 3.2 MIDI-Notation und Click Tracks . 19 3.3 Weitere Überlegungen . 23 4 Recording 24 4.1 Strategien . 24 4.1.1 Overdubbing . 24 4.1.2 Mikrofonauswahl und Aufstellung . 27 4.1.3 Effektbearbeitung und Headroom . 31 4.2 Drums . 33 4.2.1 Mikrofonierung . 34 4.2.2 Alternative Ansätze . 45 4.3 E-Gitarren . 51 4.4 E-Bass . 59 4.5 Vocals . 62 iv Inhaltsverzeichnis v 5 Editing 65 5.1 Power Through Order . 65 5.2 Fades und Comping .
    [Show full text]
  • First Line of Title
    CRAFTING AMERICANS: IMMIGRANTS AND TEXTILE CRAFTS AT THE HULL HOUSE LABOR MUSEUM, 1900-1935 by Kate Swisher A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in American Material Culture Summer 2013 © 2013 Kate Swisher All Rights Reserved CRAFTING AMERICANS: IMMIGRANTS AND TEXTILE CRAFTS AT THE HULL HOUSE LABOR MUSEUM, 1900-1935 by Kate Swisher Approved: __________________________________________________________ Rosemary Krill, M.A. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: __________________________________________________________ J. Ritchie Garrison, Ph.D. Director of the Winterthur Program in American Material Culture Approved: __________________________________________________________ George H. Watson, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ James G. Richards, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the year spent researching and writing this thesis, I have accumulated a massive debt of gratitude to those who have helped, supported, and encouraged me along the way. I must first thank the staff at the Jane Addams Hull-House Museum. Director Lisa Lee was kind enough to meet with me near the beginning of my research, sharing her insight on the Labor Museum and steering me in the right direction. The amazing Alyssa Greenberg made me feel instantly at home, going above and beyond to show me the ropes and conquer every challenge. Rachel Glass patiently handled my many requests while working with the museum collections. She also set up a workspace for me in the attic of Hull House, where I spent many hours studying textiles just up the stairs from Jane Addams’ bedroom.
    [Show full text]
  • Professional Economists and Policymaking in the United States, 1880-1929
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: IRRELEVANT GENIUS: PROFESSIONAL ECONOMISTS AND POLICYMAKING IN THE UNITED STATES, 1880-1929 Jonathan S. Franklin, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Dissertation Directed By: Professor David B. Sicilia, Department of History The rapid establishment and expansion of economics departments in colleges across the United State in the late nineteenth century indicates a significant shift in the way Americans understood economic science and its importance to federal economic policy. This dissertation addresses that phenomenon by explaining how American economists professionalized; and how that process influenced economic policymaking in the U.S. from the formation of the American Economic Association in 1885 to the Great Depression of the 1930s. Chapters alternate between analyzing the dilemmas economists faced while crafting a distinct academic discipline and investing early professional economists’ role in the federal economic policymaking process. Three emerging themes help explain the consistent failure of early U.S. economists to translate modern economic theory to economic policy in a timely fashion. First, public skepticism and the persistence of folk economics proved to be a powerful deterrent to professionally-trained economists’ authority in debates over policy matters. The combination of democratic idealism, populist politics, and skepticism regarding the motivations of professionally-trained economists undercut much of the social prestige professional economists garnered as educated elites. Second, disagreement among professional economists, often brought on by young economists’ efforts to overturn a century’s worth of received wisdom in classical economic theory, fostered considerable dissent within the field. Dissent, in turn, undermined the authority of professional economists and often led to doubt regarding economists’ abilities among the public and policy compromises that failed to solve economic problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Theory of an Entrepreneurial Curriculum: an Analysis of Curriculum Relevancy in the Light of Botswana's Economic Needs
    TOWARDS A THEORY OF AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CURRICULUM: AN ANALYSIS OF CURRICULUM RELEVANCY IN THE LIGHT OF BOTSWANA'S ECONOMIC NEEDS BY COLWASI GABRIEL MTHUNZI Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION in the subject DIDACTICS at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: DR F. E. GOUWS NOVEMBER 2000. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the loving memory of my late brothers, Abraham, Sabelo and Johannes. ii DECLARATION PAGE I declare that "Towards a Theory of an Entrepreneurial Curriculum: An Analysis of Curriculum Relevancy in the Light of Botswana's Economic Needs" is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. Signed ~{. 1. l,Akb f*-- (Candidate) J -\ Date ·-·.c...}-=-t(l--f--.!...lyf=-t//"-=J._,O::....;O:::.=O ___ 3::::.8. 040"7106883 MTHU \\\lll\ll\111\\ 0001782825 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT One of the most satisfying experiences is to reflect in gratitude on the many individuals and organisations who have contributed to the success of this study. Perhaps foremost among them, is my promoter Dr. F. E. Gou ws who patiently advised and encouraged me through the times of doubt and difficulties. At all times Dr. Gouws kept a mentoring, caring and guiding presence for which I remain forever grateful. I am also indebted to the following: Mr. J. Mbaiwa, University of Botswana, for editing part of the study, Miss C. Male, Madiba Senior Secondary School, Mr. R. Kgasudi, Seepapitso Senior Secondary School, Mr. C. Mathumo, Gaborone Senior Secondary School, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SONG of the BIRD Anthony De Mello S
    THE SONG OF THE BIRD Anthony de Mello S. J. This book has been written for people of every persuasion religious and non religious, I cannot, however, hide from my readers the fact that I am a priest of the Catholic Church. I have wandered free-ly in mystical traditions that are not Christian and not religious and I have been profoundly influenced by them. It is to my Church, however, that I keep returning, for she is my spiritual home; and while I am acutely, sometimes embarrassingly, conscious of her limitations and narrowness, I also know that it is she who has formed me and made me what I am today. So it is to her that I gratefully dedicate this book. Everyone loves stories and you will find plenty of them in this book: Stories that are Buddhist, Christian, Zen, Hasidic, Russian, Chinese, Hindu, Sufi; stories ancient and contemporary. And they all have a special quality: if read in a cer-tain kind of way, they will produce spiritual growth. HOW TO READ THEM There are three ways: 1. Read a story once. Then move on to another. This manner of reading will give you entertainment. 2. Read a story twice. Reflect on it. Apply it to your life. That will give you a taste of theology. This sort of thing can be fruitfully done in a group where the members share their reflections on the story. You then have a theological circle. 3. Read the story again, after you have reflected on it. Create a silence within you and let the story reveal to you its inner depth and meaning: something beyond words and reflections.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Development at the Crow Indian Reservation
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1973 Industrial development at the Crow Indian Reservation Steve Wayne Richter The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Richter, Steve Wayne, "Industrial development at the Crow Indian Reservation" (1973). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 8450. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/8450 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AT THE CROW INDIAN RESERVATION By Steve Richter B.B.A., North Texas State University, 1970 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration UNIVERSITY OP MONTANA 1973 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean,^ Graduate School ' ' 7 7 Date . - 7 UMl Number: EP39251 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Di&WMfWion UMl EP39251 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]