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Recovery Strategy for Cliff Paintbrush (Castilleja Rupicola) in British Columbia

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Recovery Strategy for Cliff Paintbrush (Castilleja Rupicola) in British Columbia British Columbia Recovery Strategy Series Recovery Strategy for cliff paintbrush (Castilleja rupicola) in British Columbia Prepared by the Cliff Paintbrush Recovery Team March 2009 DRAFT About the British Columbia Recovery Strategy Series This series presents the recovery strategies that are prepared as advice to the province of British Columbia on the general strategic approach required to recover species at risk. The Province prepares recovery strategies to meet its commitments to recover species at risk under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk in Canada, and the Canada – British Columbia Agreement on Species at Risk. What is recovery? Species at risk recovery is the process by which the decline of an endangered, threatened, or extirpated species is arrested or reversed, and threats are removed or reduced to improve the likelihood of a species’ persistence in the wild. What is a recovery strategy? A recovery strategy represents the best available scientific knowledge on what is required to achieve recovery of a species or ecosystem. A recovery strategy outlines what is and what is not known about a species or ecosystem; it also identifies threats to the species or ecosystem, and what should be done to mitigate those threats. Recovery strategies set recovery goals and objectives, and recommend approaches to recover the species or ecosystem. Recovery strategies are usually prepared by a recovery team with members from agencies responsible for the management of the species or ecosystem, experts from other agencies, universities, conservation groups, aboriginal groups, and stakeholder groups as appropriate. What’s next? In most cases, one or more action plan(s) will be developed to define and guide implementation of the recovery strategy. Action plans include more detailed information about what needs to be done to meet the objectives of the recovery strategy. However, the recovery strategy provides valuable information on threats to the species and their recovery needs that may be used by individuals, communities, land users, and conservationists interested in species at risk recovery. For more information To learn more about species at risk recovery in British Columbia, please visit the Ministry of Environment Recovery Planning webpage at: <http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/recoveryplans/rcvry1.htm> Recovery Strategy for cliff paintbrush March 2009 Recovery Strategy for cliff paintbrush (Castilleja rupicola) in British Columbia Prepared by the Cliff Paintbrush Recovery Team March 2009 Recovery Strategy for cliff paintbrush March 2009 Recommended citation Cliff Paintbrush Recovery Team. 2009. Recovery strategy for cliff paintbrush (Castilleja rupicola) in British Columbia. Prepared for the B.C. Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC. 18 pp. Cover illustration/photograph Ross Vennesland Additional copies Additional copies can be downloaded from the B.C. Ministry of Environment Recovery Planning webpage at: <http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/recoveryplans/rcvry1.htm> Publication information ISBN: 978-0-7726-6145-6 Content (excluding illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. i Recovery Strategy for cliff paintbrush March 2009 Disclaimer This recovery strategy has been prepared by the Cliff Paintbrush Recovery Team, as advice to the responsible jurisdictions and organizations that may be involved in recovering the species. The British Columbia Ministry of Environment has received this advice as part of fulfilling its commitments under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk in Canada, and the Canada - British Columbia Agreement on Species at Risk. This document identifies the recovery strategies that are deemed necessary, based on the best available scientific and traditional information, to recover cliff paintbrush populations in British Columbia. Recovery actions to achieve the goals and objectives identified herein are subject to the priorities and budgetary constraints of participatory agencies and organizations. These goals, objectives, and recovery approaches may be modified in the future to accommodate new objectives and findings. The responsible jurisdictions and all members of the recovery team have had an opportunity to review this document. However, this document does not necessarily represent the official positions of the agencies or the personal views of all individuals on the recovery team. Success in the recovery of this species depends on the commitment and cooperation of many different constituencies that may be involved in implementing the directions set out in this strategy. The Ministry of Environment encourages all British Columbians to participate in the recovery of cliff paintbrush. ii Recovery Strategy for cliff paintbrush March 2009 RECOVERY TEAM MEMBERS Kym Welstead, B.C. Ministry of Environment Brenda Costanzo, B.C. Ministry of Environment Kathleen E. Wilkinson, Contractor Former Recovery Team Members: Ted Lea (retired), B.C. Ministry of Environment AUTHORS Cliff Paintbrush Recovery Team RESPONSIBLE JURISDICTIONS The British Columbia Ministry of Environment is responsible for producing a recovery strategy for cliff paintbrush under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk in Canada. Environment Canada’s Canadian Wildlife Service participated in the preparation of this recovery strategy. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The original strategy was prepared by Kathleen Wilkinson for the Cliff Paintbrush Recovery Team. The team would like to acknowledge the help of the following in preparing this recovery strategy: Josh Brokaw (Assistant Curator, Marion Ownbey Herbarium, Washington State University); Adolf Ceska (Botanist and Environmental Consultant, Victoria, BC); Brenda Costanzo (Plants at Risk Biologist, Ecosystems Branch, B.C. Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC); Mark Egger (Botanist, Seattle, WA); Matt Fairbarns (Botanist and Environmental Consultant, Victoria, BC); Lisa Fox (Fraser Valley Conservancy, Abbotsford, BC); David Giblin (Herbarium Collections Manager, University of Washington, Seattle, WA); Tanya Harvey (Botanist, Eugene, OR); Ted Lea (Vegetation Ecologist, Ecosystems Branch, B.C. Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC); Frank Lomer (Botanist and Environmental consultant, New Westminster, BC); Lucy Reiss (Species at Risk Biologist, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Delta, BC); Shyanne Smith (Recovery Group Implementation Co- ordinator, Garry Oak Ecosystem Recovery Team, Victoria, BC); Katrina Stipec (B.C. Conservation Data Centre, Victoria, BC); Ross Vennesland (Species at Risk Recovery Specialist, Parks Canada, Vancouver, BC); Sue Vrilakas (Botany Data Manager, Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, Portland, OR); and Kym Welstead (Species at Risk Biologist, B.C. Ministry of Environment, Surrey, BC). iii Recovery Strategy for cliff paintbrush March 2009 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Cliff paintbrush is currently listed as Threatened under the Species at Risk Act and is known in Canada to be restricted to 15 populations in southwestern British Columbia including two historic records – one from the Coast Mountains and one from the Chilliwack River drainage of the Cascades Mountain Range. In 2005, the number of individuals in the province was estimated at fewer than 250 plants. Cliff paintbrush also occurs in Washington and Oregon, where it is more common and widespread. Cliff paintbrush is a short, herbaceous perennial that occurs in rock crevices; on rocky ridges and slopes, talus, and scree at high elevations in the subalpine to primarily alpine vegetation zones. The plant is likely a facultative parasite, and likely on different host species. Cliff paintbrush is believed to be pollinated by hummingbirds and bees. Reproduction is solely by seeds, which are likely dispersed by wind, birds, and small mammals. Potential threats to this species include resource extraction, recreational use, and climate change. The long-term goal is to enable the persistence and maintenance of self-sustaining populations of cliff paintbrush with limited occurrence in the Cascade Mountain Range of British Columbia. The objectives are to: 1. Confirm the presence and the population sizes at all current known locations and determine if additional populations exist in the Cascade Mountains by 2012. 2. Determine level of threat to populations by 2012 and establish mitigation measures as needed. 3. Address knowledge gaps relating to species biology, particularly reproductive success, and habitat requirements; and establish population trends through monitoring by 2013. No critical habitat can be identified for cliff paintbrush in Canada at this time. It is expected that critical habitat will be proposed following the completion of outstanding work required to quantify specific habitat and area requirements for the species, further research on the biology of the species, and monitoring of the populations to determine population trends. Consultation with affected landowners and organizations will also be necessary. An action plan will be completed by 2013. iv Recovery Strategy for cliff paintbrush March 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS RECOVERY TEAM MEMBERS .................................................................................................................... iii AUTHORS ..................................................................................................................................................... iii RESPONSIBLE JURISDICTIONS ...............................................................................................................
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