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STUDI BIODIVERSITAS IKAN DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI BATANGHARI DESA BEDARO RAMPAK KECAMATAN TEBO TENGAH KABUPATEN TEBO PROVINSI JAMBI Be

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STUDI BIODIVERSITAS IKAN DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI BATANGHARI DESA BEDARO RAMPAK KECAMATAN TEBO TENGAH KABUPATEN TEBO PROVINSI JAMBI Be SEMAH : Journal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan http://ojs.umb-bungo.ac.id/index.php/SEMAHJPSP VOL. 4 No. 2 ISSN : 2580 - 0736 Desember 2020 STUDI BIODIVERSITAS IKAN DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI BATANGHARI DESA BEDARO RAMPAK KECAMATAN TEBO TENGAH KABUPATEN TEBO PROVINSI JAMBI Beby Jaga Paramudita1 Rini Hertati2* Syafrialdi2 1Mahasiswa Jurusan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan, Universitas Muara Bungo - Jambi 2Staf Pengajar Jurusan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan,Universitas Muara Bungo-Jambi *Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Biodiversitas suatu spesies di habitatnya merupakan sumber plasma nutfah yang sangat berharga. Salah satu sumberdaya hayati perairan yang penting adalah jenis–jenis ikan. Sungai batanghari merupakan salah satu sungai besar yang terdapat di Kabupaten Tebo, Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kekayaan jenis-jenis ikan, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman dan indeks dominasi sungai batanghari desa bedaro rampak Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi. Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan selama Bulan Januari 2020 pada tiga stasiun pengamatan berbeda, dengan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring insang, jala tebar, dan pancing. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ikan berjumlah 226 dengan 24 species yang teridentifikasi. Indeks keseragaman 0,06 - 0,09, ikan yang mendominasi perairan sungai batanghari desa bedaro rampak yaitu ikan kepiat (pentus belinka blkr) dengan nilai indeks dominasi 0,0459 dan 0,0561 dan ikan limbat/lele (Clarias nieuhofii) dengan nilai indeks dominasi 0,0548 yang dikategorikan sebagai kategori dominasi sedang. Kata Kunci : Biodiversitas, Jambi, Kabupaten Tebo, Sungai Batanghari ABSTRACT The biodiversity of a species in its habitat is a very valuable source of germplasm. One of the important aquatic biological resources is the types of fish. Batanghari river is one of the large rivers located in Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. This study aims to determine the richness of fish species, diversity index, uniformity index and dominance index of Batanghari river, Bedaro Rampak village, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. Fish samples were taken during January 2020 at three different observation stations, using gill nets, cast nets and fishing rods. The results showed that there were 226 fish with 24 identified species. The uniformity index is 0.06 - 0.09, the fish that dominate the waters of the Batanghari River in Bedaro Rampak Village are kepiat fish (pentus belinka blkr) with a dominance index value of 0.0459 and 0.0561 and limbat fish / catfish (Clarias nieuhofii) with an index value. dominance of 0.0548 which is categorized as a medium domination category. Keywords: Biodiversity, Jambi, Tebo Regency, Batanghari River 103 I. PENDAHULUAN penggunaan lahan ditepian ataupun Latar Belakang sekitar perairan secara langsung Kabupaten Tebo secara ataupun tidak langsung dapat geografis terletak pada – berdampak negatif terhadap mutu air sungai dan selanjutnya – L t g Sel t mengakibatkan rusaknya ekosistem yang memiliki luas wilayah 646.100 perairan. Rusaknya ekosistem ha atau 11,86 % dari luas wilayah perairan berdampak pula terhadap Provinsi Jambi. Perkembangan dan kehidupan ikan baik secara kualitas produktifitas perikanan Kabupaten maupun kuantitas. Aktivitas seperti Tebo cukup maju dan beragam penangkapan dan modifikasi karena kawasan perikanan utama lingkungan mempunyai dampak masih pada perairan sungai dan terhadap perubahan kelimpahan, danau, adapun sungai dan danau produktivitas, dan struktur yang ada di Kabupaten Tebo yaitu komunitas. sungai batanghari, batang tebo, Berdasarkan dari hasil survei batang sumay, batang tabir, danau dan wawancara dengan nelayan di sigombak, danau lamo, danau perairan sungai batanghari desa tanduk, sungai alai serta anak sungai bedaro rampak Kecamatan Tebo lainnya (BPS Jambi, 2014). Tengah Kabupaten Tebo, ikan sungai Kabupaten Tebo termasuk kabupaten batanghari mulai sulit ditemukan yang berada di bagian hulu daerah karena tingkat kecerahan dan aliran Sungai Batanghari dan dialiri kedalaman belum diketahui secara oleh sungai utama sungai batanghari. ilmiah hal ini diperkirakan akan Panjang sungai batanghari di mempengaruhi jumlah spesies dan Kabupaten Tebo berkisar 300 km individu perairan sungai batanghari (Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi di desa bedaro rampak. Akibat dari Pemeritah Daerah Kabupaten Tebo, dampak kegiatan di sekitar perairan 2017). tersebut, diduga telah terjadi Sungai Batanghari merupakan penurunan jumlah dan biodiversitas terpanjang di Pulau Sumatra dengan ikan, disamping itu masih panjang sungai utama mencapai 870 terbatasnya data dasar jenis– jenis km. Lebar sungai bervariasi antara ikan yang terdapat di sungai 300 – 500 m, dan kedalaman sungai batanghari desa bedaro rampak antara 6-7 m (Dinas Lingkungan Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Hidup Provinsi Jambi, 2016). Tebo. Sungai Batanghari merupakan Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu satu dari sungai besar yang terdapat mengetahui kekayaan jenis-jenis di Kabupaten Tebo, sungai ini ikan, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks memiliki potensi sumber daya ikan keseragaman dan indeks dominasi di yang melimpah yang biasa perairan sungai batanghari, desa digunakan untuk kebutuhan sehari- bedaro rampak, Kecamatan Tebo hari ataupun untuk mencukupi Tengah, Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi kebutuhan ekonomi. Aktivitas Jambi. II. METODE PENELITIAN Adapun waktu dan tempat Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian penelitian ini yaitu penelitian dilaksanakan di Perairan sungai SEMAH : Journal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan http://ojs.umb-bungo.ac.id/index.php/SEMAHJPSP VOL. 4 No. 2 ISSN : 2580 - 0736 Desember 2020 batanghari desa bedaro rampak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Alat dan Bahan Tebo, yang dilaksanakan pada Bulan Adapun peralatan untuk Januari 2020. Penelitian ini penelitian ini adalah alat tulis, GPS, dilakukan dengan pengambilan kamera, baskom, plastik, pinset, sampel di 3 (tiga) stasiun yang telah kertas label, penggaris, timbangan ditentukan di Desa Bedaro Rampak dan juga menggunakan laptop untuk (Gambar. 1). pengolahan data, sedangkan alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk Sumber dan Teknik Pengumpulan menangkap sampel yaitu alat Data tangkap yang biasa digunakan oleh Metode penelitian yang nelayan setempat dan sebagai alat digunakan adalah metode survei dan parameter pendukung menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. meteran panjang, secchi disk, Penentuan stasiun pengamatan dalam termometer dan kertas lakmus. Alat penelitian ini di dasarkan atas ciri tangkap yang digunakan dalam khas rona lingkungan yang berbeda penelitian ini adalah alat tangkap dan daerah penangkapan ikan yang yang biasa digunakan oleh nelayan biasa digunakan oleh nelayan setempat yaitu alat tangkap pukat setempat. Parameter pendukung atau jaring insang (gill net), jala tebar adalah parameter kualitas air, data serta pancing tajur. dianalisis secara deskriptif dalam Bahan yang digunakan pada bentuk tabel dan gambar. penelitian ini adalah ikan yang Berdasarkan hal tersebut lokasi menjadi objek sampel dan sebagai penelitian ini ditentukan sebanyak 3 pengawet sampel digunakan formalin (tiga) stasiun pengamatan. sebanyak 4 %, serta alkohol 70 %. Analisis Data I Untuk menganalisis data yang Hi = - ∑ niLog 2 ni diperoleh dari lapangan i-1 N N menggunakan beberapa metoda Keterangan : analisis. Metoda analisis tersebut HI : Indeks keanekaragaman adalah sebagai berikut : Shannon - Wienner 1. Analisis Indeks Keanekaragaman ni : Jumlah individu jenis ke-i 1 N : Jumlah total individu Jenis Ikan (H ) Sedikit atau banyaknya Kriteria penampilan berdasarkan keanekaragaman spesies dapat dilihat keanekaragaman jenis yaitu : I dari indeks keanekaragaman (H ). HI < 1 : Keanekaragaman rendah Indeks Keanekaragaman mempunyai HI > 1 – 3 : Keanekaragaman sedang nilai terbesar jika semua individu HI > 3 – 4 : Keanekaragaman tinggi berasal dari spesies yang berbeda- beda. Indeks Keanekaragaman dihitung menggunakan rumus 2. Indeks Keseragaman Jenis Shannon-Wienner (Zico, 2018) Semakin besar nilai indeks 1 dilambangkan dengan(H )sebagai Keseragaman menunjukkan berikut : kelimpahan yang hampir seragam dan merata antar jenis. Nilai Indeks Keseragaman dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus (Zico, 2018), 0 < E ≤ 1,0 = Keseragaman tinggi, sebagai berikut : komunitas stabil. 3. Indeks Dominasi E = HI Indeks dominasi dihitung InS dengan menggunakan rumus (Odum, Keterangan : dalam Rozi, 2018), sebagai berikut : 2 E = Indeks Keseragaman Jenis C = ∑ (ni/N) H = Indeks Keanekaragaman Keterangan : InS = Jumlah Jenis yang C = Indeks Dominan ditemukan ni = Jumlah Individu spesies – i N = Jumlah total individu Kriteria penampilan berdasarkan semua spesies keseragaman jenis yaitu : Kriteria penampilan berdasarkan 0 < E ≤ 0,4 = Keseragaman kecil, keseragaman jenis yaitu : komunitas tertekan; 0,00 < C ≤ 0,50 = Dominasi rendah; 0 < E ≤ 0,6 = Keseragaman sedang, 0,50 < C ≤ 0,75 = Dominasi sedang; komunitas labil; 0,75 < C ≤ 1,00 = Dominasi tinggi. Gambar 1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Kondisi Perairan Sungai Batanghari Desa Bedaro Rampak Parameter lingkungan yang diukur pada saat pengambilan sampel di masing – masing stasiun disajikan pada (Tabel 1). Parameter kualitas air aliran sungai pada masing – masing stasiun penelitian cukup deras, dengan kelebaran sungai yang cukup luas, serta kedalaman yang bervariasi. Air sungai batanghari desa bedaro rampak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah relatif rendah dikarenakan adanya suspensi lumpur yang berasal dari galian pasir dan ladang disekitar sungai. Substrat dasar pada seluruh stasiun penelitian berupa batu, kerikil, pasir dan lumpur.
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