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University of Oklahoma
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE INVESTIGATION OF POLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF RAINFALL AT CLOSE AND DISTANT RANGES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By SCOTT EDWARD GIANGRANDE Norman, Oklahoma 2007 UMI Number: 3291249 UMI Microform 3291249 Copyright 2008 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 INVESTIGATION OF POLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF RAINFALL AT CLOSE AND DISTANT RANGES A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF METEOROLOGY BY ____________________________________ Dr. Michael Biggerstaff ____________________________________ Dr. Alexander Ryzhkov ____________________________________ Dr. Jerry Straka ____________________________________ Dr. Guifu Zhang ____________________________________ Dr. Mark Yeary © Copyright by SCOTT EDWARD GIANGRANDE 2007 All Rights Reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my sincerest thanks to the numerous individuals who have helped me complete this work. To begin, this work would not have been possible without the guidance of my primary research advisor, Dr. Alexander Ryzhkov. His leadership and patience were instrumental throughout this process. I would also like to extend my gratitude to the other members of my committee: Drs. Michael Biggerstaff (Co-Chair and primary OU School of Meteorology advisor), Guifu Zhang, Jerry Straka, and Mark Yeary. The reviews performed by these individuals strengthened this work. I also thank the members of the Radar Research and Development Division (RRDD) at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), which includes Drs. Douglas Forsyth, Dusan Zrnic, Dick Doviak, Allen Zahrai, Terry Schuur, Pam Heinselman, Valery Melnikov, Sebastian Torres, Pengfei Zhang and Svetlana Bachmann. -
Catv Channel Guide • 1-877-666-4932
OmniTelevision CATV CHANNEL GUIDE www.omnitel.biz • 1-877-666-4932 Basic TV 75 thisTV 119 Hallmark Drama+ Advanced TV Premium Movie Channels 2 (CBS) KGAN** 76 Golf Channel 120 Independent Film Channel+ 77 truTV 121 Sundance TV+ 3 (CBS) KIMT** HBO Channels 78 EWTN 123 National Geographic+ 4 (KYIN) IA Public Television 225 HBO+ 79 RFD TV 124 Nat Geo Wild+ 5 (KSMQ) MN Public Television 226 HBO 2+ 80 Science Channel 125 Disney Jr+ 6 (ABC) KAAL Austin 227 HBO Signature+ 7 (NBC) KWWL** 81 Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN) 126 BET Her+ 228 HBO Family+ 8 (FOX) KXLT Rochester 82 Discovery Life 127 BET SOUL+ 83 NBC Sports Network 128 CMT MUSIC+ 9 (ABC) KCRG** Cinemax Channels 84 TBN 129 MTV Classic+ 10 (NBC) KTTC Rochester 275 Cinemax+ 85 Disney XD 130 NickMusic+ 11 CW Rochester 276 More Max+ 86 Lifetime Movie Network (LMN) 131 Nicktoons+ 12 OmniTel Community Channel 277 The Movie Channel+ 87 Oxygen 133 FYI+ 13 My 3.2 (KIMT-DT2) 278 The Movie Channel Extra+ 15 KIMT Antenna TV** 88 Fox Sports 2 134 VICELAND+ 89 Pop TV 18 KTTC (Heroes & Icons) 136 Olympic Channel+ Showtime Channels 20 KGAN Fox** Local Channels 137 SEC Network+ 250 Showtime+ 23 ESPN 300 (CBS) KGAN** 901-937 Music Channels+ 251 Showtime 2+ 24 ESPN2 301 KGAN Fox** 252 Showcase+ 25 ESPN Classic 302 KGAN Get TV** 253 Showtime Exteme+ 26 ESPNU 305 (CBS) KIMT** High Def. Channels 27 Fox Sports Net - North 306 KIMT My 3.2** 402 (CBS) KGAN HD** STARZ ENCORE 28 CNN 307 KIMT Antenna TV** 403 (CBS) KIMT HD+ ** 202 STARZ+ 29 C-Span 310 (KYIN) IA Public Television 406 (ABC) KAAL HD+ 203 STARZ Edge+ -
12–31–08 Vol. 73 No. 251 Wednesday Dec. 31, 2008 Pages
12–31–08 Wednesday Vol. 73 No. 251 Dec. 31, 2008 Pages 80289–80700 VerDate Aug 31 2005 20:39 Dec 30, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\31DEWS.LOC 31DEWS hsrobinson on PROD1PC76 with PROPOSALS6 II Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 251 / Wednesday, December 31, 2008 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records PUBLIC Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Subscriptions: Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Committee of the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and (Toll-Free) Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public Subscriptions: interest. Paper or fiche 202–741–6005 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 202–741–6005 Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing. -
Southeast MN TZD Annual Report
2019-2020 Southeast Minnesota Toward Zero Deaths Annual Report Jessica Schleck Toward Zero Deaths Regional Coordinator, Southeast Region October 2020 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Goal 1 – Reduce Fatal and Serious Injuries Regional Overview, pg. 4 Strategic Plan, pgs. 5-6 Background, pg. 7 Regional Crash Data, pgs. 7-11 Regional Activities Challenges, pg. 11 Successes, pgs. 12-14 Workshop (Canceled-COVID), pgs. 15-17 Seat Belt Survey (April), pg. 18 Seat Belt Championship (Canceled-COVID), pgs. 18-19 Seat Belt Mobilization News Conference (Canceled-COVID), pg. 19 TZD at the Honkers (Canceled-COVID), pg. 19 Rollover Simulator Demonstration (Oct.), pg. 19 Dodge County Seat Belt Project, (Sept.) pg. 19 Distracted Driving Activities, pg. 20 DWI Kickoff (Nov.), pg. 21 Voluntary Preliminary Breath Tests (Canceled-COVID), pg. 22 DWI Activities, pg. 22 Speed Poster, pg. 23 Border-to-Border Speed Saturation (July), pg. 24 Motorcycle Safety Education, pg. 25 MN/WI Cross-Border Partnership, pg. 25 Pedestrian Safety Education, pg. 25 Goal 2 – TZD Partnership Goals Building Relationships within the Region, pgs. 26-27 Building Relationships – Engineering, pgs. 27-28 Building Relationships with the Media . Regional Media Advisories, pgs. 29-30 . Regional Media Coverage, pgs. 31-35 3 4 5 6 Goal 1 – Reduce Fatal and Serious Injuries Regional Steering Committee Background: In 2006, the southeast Minnesota Toward Zero Deaths Steering Committee developed the traffic safety mission and goals for the region in order to move toward zero deaths for traffic-related crashes. Problem Statement: In 2006, there were 494 deaths on Minnesota roadways and 69 of these deaths occurred on southeast Minnesota roadways – an unacceptable number. -
APPENDIX a – Initial List of Stations Eligible for Analog Nightlight Program
Federal Communications Commission FCC 08-281 APPENDIX A – Initial List of Stations Eligible for Analog Nightlight Program Market Facility ID Call sign City ST Analog Digital Anlg Ch. Post Pre Status of Analog Transition Transition DTV Ch. DTV Ch. (*) Anchorage, AK 804 KAKM Anchorage AK PBS PBS 7 8 Anchorage, AK 13815 KIMO Anchorage AK ABC ABC 13 12 Anchorage, AK 10173 KTUU-TV Anchorage AK NBC NBC 2 10 Anchorage, AK 4983 KYUK-TV Bethel AK 4 3 Fairbanks, AK 13813 KATN Fairbanks AK ABC ABC 2 18 Fairbanks, AK 20015 KJNP-TV North Pole AK 4 20 Fairbanks, AK 49621 KTVF Fairbanks AK NBC NBC 11 26 Fairbanks, AK 69315 KUAC-TV Fairbanks AK 9 9 24 Juneau, AK 8651 KTOO-TV Juneau AK PBS PBS 3 10 Juneau, AK 60520 KUBD Ketchikan AK CBS CBS 4 13 Birmingham, AL 71325 WDBB Bessemer AL 17 18 Dothan, AL 43846 WDHN Dothan AL ABC ABC 18 21 Huntsville-Decatur-Florence, AL 57292 WAAY-TV Huntsville AL ABC ABC 31 32 Montgomery, AL 714 WDIQ Dozier AL PBS PBS 2 10 Ft. Smith-Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR 66469 KFSM-TV Fort Smith AR CBS CBS 5 18 Ft. Smith-Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR 60354 KHOG-TV Fayetteville AR ABC ABC 29 15 Little Rock-Pine Bluff, AR 33440 KARK-TV Little Rock AR NBC NBC 4 32 Little Rock-Pine Bluff, AR 2770 KETS Little Rock AR PBS PBS 2 7 Terminating 1/3/09 Little Rock-Pine Bluff, AR 11951 KLRT-TV Little Rock AR Fox Fox 16 30 Little Rock-Pine Bluff, AR 37005 KWBF Little Rock AR 42 44 Reduced 10/31/08 Phoenix, AZ 41223 KPHO-TV Phoenix AZ CBS CBS 5 17 Phoenix, AZ 40993 KTVK Phoenix AZ 3 24 Phoenix, AZ 68886 KUTP Phoenix AZ 45 26 Tucson, -
2020 Infra Surface Weather Observations
Surface Weather Observations Comparison of Various Observing Systems Scott Landolt & Matthias Steiner National Center for Atmospheric Research [email protected] USHST Infrastructure Summit 12 – 13 March 2020 in Washington, DC © 2020 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 1 Surface Stations & Reporting Frequency Station Type Frequency of Reports Automated Surface 5 minutes Observing System (ASOS) (limited access to 1 minute data) Automated Weather 20 minutes Observing System (AWOS) 15 minutes (standard), can be Road Weather Information more frequent but varies state to System (RWIS) state and even site to site 5 – 15 minutes, can vary from Mesonet station to station Iowa station network © 2020 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 2 Reporting Variables Weather Variable ASOS AWOS RWIS Mesonet Temperature X X X X Relative X X X X Humidity/Dewpoint Wind Speed/Direction X X X X Barometric Pressure X X X X Ceiling Height X X X X Visibility X X X X Present Weather X X X X Precipitation X X X X Accumulation Road Condition X X X X X – All Stations Report X – Some Stations Report X – No Stations Report © 2020 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 3 Station Siting Requirements Station Type Siting Areal Representativeness Automated Surface Miles (varies depending on Airport grounds, unobstructed Observing System (ASOS) local conditions & weather) Automated Weather Miles (varies depending on Airport grounds, unobstructed Observing System (AWOS) local conditions & weather) Next to roadways, can be in canyons, valleys, mountain -
Relative Forecast Impact from Aircraft, Profiler, Rawinsonde, VAD, GPS-PW, METAR and Mesonet Observations for Hourly Assimilation in the RUC
16.2 Relative forecast impact from aircraft, profiler, rawinsonde, VAD, GPS-PW, METAR and mesonet observations for hourly assimilation in the RUC Stan Benjamin, Brian D. Jamison, William R. Moninger, Barry Schwartz, and Thomas W. Schlatter NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 1. Introduction A series of experiments was conducted using the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model/assimilation system in which various data sources were denied to assess the relative importance of the different data types for short-range (3h-12h duration) wind, temperature, and relative humidity forecasts at different vertical levels. This assessment of the value of 7 different observation data types (aircraft (AMDAR and TAMDAR), profiler, rawinsonde, VAD (velocity azimuth display) winds, GPS precipitable water, METAR, and mesonet) on short-range numerical forecasts was carried out for a 10-day period from November- December 2006. 2. Background Observation system experiments (OSEs) have been found very useful to determine the impact of particular observation types on operational NWP systems (e.g., Graham et al. 2000, Bouttier 2001, Zapotocny et al. 2002). This new study is unique in considering the effects of most of the currently assimilated high-frequency observing systems in a 1-h assimilation cycle. The previous observation impact experiments reported in Benjamin et al. (2004a) were primarily for wind profiler and only for effects on wind forecasts. This new impact study is much broader than that the previous study, now for more observation types, and for three forecast fields: wind, temperature, and moisture. Here, a set of observational sensitivity experiments (Table 1) were carried out for a recent winter period using 2007 versions of the Rapid Update Cycle assimilation system and forecast model. -
2019 MBA Annual Meeting Your Guide to the 2019 Minnesota Broadcaster Association’S Annual Meeting in Duluth
Minnesota Broadcasters Association September/October 2019 SPECIAL EDITION: 2019 MBA Annual Meeting Your guide to the 2019 Minnesota Broadcaster Association’s Annual Meeting in Duluth. Registration Deadline is 10 a.m. October 1st, 2019—Register today! MBA Officers & Board of Directors Chair’s Column OFFICERS 2019 If this were baseball and the MBA at bat, we’d be all members. Engagement of all Chair: David Harbert, VP/General knocking it out of the park. I step back, awed and broadcast stakeholders. And, Manager KAAL-TV, Hubbard TV amazed, in appreciation at how Executive Director clear focus on our Future. (Rochester) Wendy Paulson and Office Manager Maria Vorhis I’m excited by what I see. Our Vice-Chair: Mary Niemeyer, Market deliver on our mission. Each at bat, every day. This Board team took charge of the President/Chief Revenue Officer, newsletter shows only the tip of the iceberg of the committees to drive this Townsquare Media (Duluth) systems, products, services, and value they deliver to association. Their enthusiasm and commitment fill the Secretary/Treasurer: Maynard Meyer, Co the membership. More remarkable, they’ve only room. Coming from a dead stop just a year ago, it’s a -owner/GM, Lac Qui Parle Broadcasting been doing this since the beginning of the year. Given very dynamic picture. Vice-Chair Mary Niemeyer takes (Madison) our full and growing member engagement, there is our lead-off position in October and this group will Immediate Past Chair: Ed “Butch” nothing holding your MBA back. literally lift-off. With the challenges ahead, our timing DeLaHunt, Owner/President, Bemidji My term as chair ends with the Annual Meeting in is perfect, if not a miracle. -
Weatherscope Weatherscope Application Information: Weatherscope Is a Stand-Alone Application That Makes Viewing Weather Data Easier
User Guide - Macintosh http://earthstorm.ocs.ou.edu WeatherScope WeatherScope Application Information: WeatherScope is a stand-alone application that makes viewing weather data easier. To run WeatherScope, Mac OS X version 10.3.7, a minimum of 512MB of RAM, and an accelerated graphics card with 32MB of VRAM are required. WeatherScope is distributed freely for noncommercial and educational use and can be used on both Apple Macintosh and Windows operating systems. How do I Download WeatherScope? To download the application, go to http://earthstorm.ocs.ou.edu, select Data, Software, Download, or go to http://www. ocs.ou.edu/software. There will be three options: WeatherBuddy, WeatherScope, and WxScope Plugin. You will want to choose WeatherScope. There are two options under the application: Macintosh or Windows. Choose Macintosh to download the application. The installation wizard will automatically save to your desktop. Go to your desktop and double click on the icon that says WeatherScope- x.x.x.pkg. Several dialog messages will appear. The fi rst message will inform you that you are about to install the application. The next message tells you about computer system requirements in order to download the application. The following message is the Software License Agreement. It is strongly suggested that you read this agreement. If you agree, click Agree. If you do not agree, click Disagree and the software will not be installed onto your computer. The next message asks you to select a destination drive (usually your hard drive). The setup will run and install the software on your computer. You may then press Close. -
59864 Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 185/Wednesday, September 23
59864 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 185 / Wednesday, September 23, 2020 / Rules and Regulations FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS C. Congressional Review Act II. Report and Order COMMISSION 2. The Commission has determined, A. Allocating FTEs 47 CFR Part 1 and the Administrator of the Office of 5. In the FY 2020 NPRM, the Information and Regulatory Affairs, Commission proposed that non-auctions [MD Docket No. 20–105; FCC 20–120; FRS Office of Management and Budget, funded FTEs will be classified as direct 17050] concurs that these rules are non-major only if in one of the four core bureaus, under the Congressional Review Act, 5 i.e., in the Wireline Competition Assessment and Collection of U.S.C. 804(2). The Commission will Bureau, the Wireless Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2020 send a copy of this Report & Order to Telecommunications Bureau, the Media Congress and the Government Bureau, or the International Bureau. The AGENCY: Federal Communications indirect FTEs are from the following Commission. Accountability Office pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A). bureaus and offices: Enforcement ACTION: Final rule. Bureau, Consumer and Governmental 3. In this Report and Order, we adopt Affairs Bureau, Public Safety and SUMMARY: In this document, the a schedule to collect the $339,000,000 Homeland Security Bureau, Chairman Commission revises its Schedule of in congressionally required regulatory and Commissioners’ offices, Office of Regulatory Fees to recover an amount of fees for fiscal year (FY) 2020. The the Managing Director, Office of General $339,000,000 that Congress has required regulatory fees for all payors are due in Counsel, Office of the Inspector General, the Commission to collect for fiscal year September 2020. -
(Bruce Ingleby): EUMETNET Observation Impact Studies
Observation impact studies: EUMETNET and other EWGLAM meeting, ECMWF, 2 Oct 2017 Bruce Ingleby and Lars Isaksen ECMWF [email protected] © ECMWF October 17, 2017 Outline • Use of aircraft humidity data • Test with data from U.S. aircraft 2014 • Latest O-B statistics • Pressure from drifting buoys and ships • Radiosonde experiments (not EUMETNET) • Treatment of radiosonde drift • Other: Russian 1 ascent/day, RS41 descent data • Summary • Tomas Kral helped, others credited in later slides • Thanks to EUMETNET for supporting aircraft/buoy work EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS 2 ECMWF Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system • Background (B) – 12 hour forecast – compared with observations (O), they are combined to make the Analysis – start of next forecast. • B and O have uncorrelated errors – very useful to look at O-B statistics • ECMWF produce daily coverage maps and monthly monitoring statistics feedback to data producers – partly via EUMETNET • Assessing usefulness of observations • Data denial studies (Observing System Experiments or OSEs) • Rerun NWP system without certain subsets of observations • Forecast Sensitivity to Observation Impact (FSOI) • Uses adjoint to estimate the contribution of each observation to reducing forecast error 24 hours later (relies on good analysis, linear approximation less good for near-surface variables, doesn’t look at cumulative effect) • See eg Cardinali (2009, QJ), Lorenc and Marriott (2014,QJ) EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS 3 Extra aircraft data – especially -
Storm Preparedness Kits –By Sparky Smith HELLO
www.mesonet.org Volume 5 — Issue 7 — July 2014 connection Storm Preparedness Kits –by Sparky Smith HELLO. MY NAME IS SPARKY SMITH, and I am an pieces everywhere, but never the complete thing. I compiled Eagle Scout. First I will talk a little bit about myself. Then I all the lists and added a few things I thought were needed will tell you about how I came up with the idea for my project, in every emergency. The best way to get your project and actually show you how to build your own. I will also talk approved is to make it relatively inexpensive with easy to about the constraints and guidelines that I had to deal with obtain materials, and a personal aspect to show that you while doing the project. actually put thought into it. I have always been interested in weather. I went to the very One of the first things I did was go to a graphics design store first Mesonet Weather Camp, where I learned more about and had a nice looking label made to put on the storm kits, what kind of disasters occur and what other dangers they so people would know it was more than a five gallon bucket. bring. A storm kit has to last at least 1 day because many Thankfully, most of the products were donated, including the other dangers can arise after storms. For instance, you label. I made 20 storm kits, which would have cost about could be trapped in your shelter by debris or even have $3000, but it ended up costing about $1000-$1200.