© Energy 2017 © 2018 Tokamak Energy A FasterA Way Tokamak Energy Ltd Company Overview Company Overview to Fusion April 2018 © 2018 Tokamak Energy Our Mission Our secure and practicallyand secure sourceof limitless “ To to deliver mankind a cheap, safe, clean energy – energy clean ” © 2018 Tokamak Energy Overview of Tokamakof Overview Energy • • • • • • temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets in spherical 30 families of patents farso focussed around of the use high authoredTokamak by Energy Mostdownloadedpaper ever Nuclear FusionJournal in and Collaborations Princeton,with Oxford, Imperial, Cambridge, engineers World scientiststime over teamand full of class 45 tech companieshigh Centre at Park,Engineering Milton Oxfordshirecluster a in of Privatelyspin funded Centre for Energy Fusion Univ of Tokyoof - out from leading the worldout Culham © 2018 Tokamak Energy   The Opportunity   fossil fuels powerfuture of Asupply independent of investors an is increasing interest from private governmentsdomain of the however there Investment in fusion historicallyhas been • • • • is: Fusion planet largestThe addressable market the on power can competitivebe Affordable bred from lithium) Abundant – Safe waste Clean – inherent safety with no risk of a meltdown a of risk safety inherent no with - long or emissions carbon no – – plentiful fuel (deuterium tritium and our work shows that the cost of fusion cost fusion that of the work showsour lived nuclear nuclear lived © 2018 Tokamak Energy Fusion in a Tokamak in Fusion  • • • vesselfor creating plasma hot A tokamak a isdonut bygovernments in last 50 years £30 billion invested tokamaksin have producedof 10> MW fusion power Two tokamaks, at TFTR Princeton at JET and Culham, tokamak a in hydrogenplasma fuse and nuclei. magneticallyMethod: traphot a - shaped © 2018 Tokamak Energy    The Challenge The • centre of spherical tokamaks thereBut: areconstraints space at the • tokamaks. efficienttraditional than ‘doughnut’shape Spherical Tokamaksare much • tokamaksis that is bigger better (ITER) Traditional view for power fusion & conditionsrequired produce toenergy fusion superconducting)cannot magnetscreate conventionaltemperaturelow (copper / This allows for smaller more compact designs Huge investment and timescales toprogress more n wide arrow © 2018 Tokamak Energy The Tokamak The Energy Solution Spherical Spherical Squashed shape Squashed Highly efficient Highly smaller,cheaper, faster Tokamaks Fusion Power High current field at high current High High TemperatureHigh Superconductors © 2018 Tokamak Energy     WhyWe Are Different source of energy to replace fossil fuels torapidly plan A sustainable deliver a • • Rapidly developed: • • Leading expertise the sectorin • Privately funded Know Workingprototype devices worldBuilding Scientistsof team class &Engineers Operatingwell- a in technology Freedomflexibility and topursuebest the - how & Patentshow & understoodphysicsof field © 2018 Tokamak Energy Milestonesto date • • hours achieved deviceThe continuous plasma for 29 temperature superconductingmagnets (HTS): ST25 • • • • – a new world recordworld new a prototypes andtest workingbuild can rapidly Tokamakthat demonstrates Energy This milliseconds. three for plasma achieves magnets ST25: underway and first plasma achieved in April 2017 Construction commissioningand is well tokamak ST40: first tokamak featuring allhigh working withprototype copper the worlds first high field spherical © 2018 Tokamak Energy ST40 build & commissioning & build ST40 BBC: Science Magazine: ST40: ST40: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08qlwlk (pulsedmagnet) copper verificationfieldof plasma physicsa high in http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6336/360 First plasma: April2017 © 2018 Tokamak Energy ST40 build & commissioning & build ST40 Trial Trial Outer Vacuum Chamber constructioncomplete assembly of Toroidal Field magnets completemagnets Field Toroidal ofassembly August 2017 August © 2018 Tokamak Energy First phase of testing – Jan 2018 © 2018 Tokamak Energy • • • • The WayThe Forward D conditionsFusion with degrees100M &M 15 Copper Magnets with D- Energy gainconditions Testing underway - D 2017 T ST40 • • and construction design magnet Validate development supplyHTS chain magnet HTS Large scale HTS Magnet Demo Magnet HTS Design Phase Design 2021 • • • All HTS Magnets electricity generation Could be used for production heat scaleIndustrial Conceptual design 2025 ST - F1 F1 • • determined be to parameters and size Final the grid)(to Electricity production Conceptual design 2030 ST - E1 13 © 2018 Tokamak Energy Summary        A A faster routeto power fusion requirements timescales and Development partnerships of & 2 operatingtokamak reactors and A proven engineering trackrecord designing, successfully of Widespread endorsement team class worldA Tokamakroute to power fusion Tokamakventure HTS the only the using is Energy 3 -3 years programto demonstratetechnicalcritical milestones supply chain needed to meet -Spherical VTT involvement

Numerical modelling to optimise NBI system using ASCOT code

3rd year running

VTT 2017 15 Neutral beam injection angle

Neutral beams are used to inject heat, fuel, momentum and current in the tokamak plasmas

During the ST40 design phase it was asked what kind of beam and what kind of geometry should be chosen

Tokamak Energy commissioned a research project from VTT to study the various options and produce the answers

VTT 2017 16 ASCOT calculations

We found that it is not possible to maximise everything simultaneously

Current drive is maxed at high energy to ~0.2MA (@1MW) limiting the non-inductive current to around 10%

Maximal torque ~0.5Nm is obtained at low energy NB and could result in fast spinning plasma (reduced turbulence  improved confinement)

A Salmi et al, Fus. Eng. & Design 117 (2017) 14

VTT 2017 17 Ongoing project

First ST40 beam system has now been selected and we continue with ASCOT calculations to predict its performance, beam duct losses and provide input of fast particle content and alpha confinement for TAE studies.

VTT 2017 18 Future opportunities HTS Magnet Demo • Large scale HTS magnet HTS supply chain development Tokamak Energy business: • Validate magnet design and design, engineer and operate tokamak reactors construction

- Hardware and services are needed ST-F1 - Power supplies, vacuum components, power banks • All HTS Magnets • Industrial scale heat - Conceptual designs, next step devices production • Could be used for - Remote handling electricity generation - Neutronics - High temperature supra conductors - Large effort at TE and MIT (50M€) on development and patenting ST-E1 HTS magnet and joining technologies • Electricity - Conventional copper coils production (to the grid) - Diagnostics • Final size and parameters to be determined

VTT 2017 19