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Providing NASA Solutions to Climate Change

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Providing NASA Solutions to Climate Change Earth Observations Informing Climate & Energy Decision Making Richard S. Eckman Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling & Analysis Program NASA Headquarters (from 8/17) Science Directorate NASA Langley Research Center [email protected] Energy Modeling Forum – Urban IAV Program Snowmass 2009 1 Outline • Agency/Targeted Activities in Climate Change – Mostly from the Earth Sciences perspective • Collaborations and Interactions – Engaging the Stakeholder: From Research to Energy Applications – Examples of successful partnerships with renewable energy and energy efficiency decision makers • Access & Resources (solicitations, reports & links) • Conclusions 2 Earth Science Division Focus Areas OZONE above18 km SAGE & HALOE 60S − 60N Atmospheric Composition Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Climate Variability and Change Weather Water and Energy Cycle Earth Surface and Interior Science Questions and Focus Areas Variability Forcing Response Consequence Prediction Precipitation, Atmospheric Clouds & surface Weather Weather evaporation & constituents & hydrological variation related to forecasting cycling of water solar radiation on processes on climate variation? improvement? changing? climate? climate? Consequences Global ocean Changes in Ecosystems, Improve prediction of land cover circulation land cover land cover & of climate varying? & land use? biogeochemical & land use variability & cycles? change? change? Ozone, climate & Global Motions of the Changes in Coastal region air quality impacts ecosystems Earth & Earth’s global ocean impacts? of atmospheric changing? interior? circulation? composition? Atmospheric Atmospheric trace Carbon cycle & Regional air composition constituents ecosystem quality impacts? changing? responses? change? Sea level Ice cover mass Change in water affected by Earth changing? cycle dynamics? system change? Predict & mitigate Climate Variability and Change Atmospheric Composition Earth surface natural hazards transformation?4 Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Weather from Earth surface change? Water and Energy Cycle Earth Surface and Interior R&A “Disciplines” and Science Focus Areas R&A Discipline Science Focus Area P = Primary, Climate Global Water Atmospheric Variability & Carbon Cycle and Energy Earth Surface S = Secondary Composition Change & Ecosystems Cycle Weather & Interior Upper Atmosphere Research P S Tropospheric Chemistry P SSSS Radiation Sciences P SSS Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling & Analysis P SSS Modeling and Analysis S P SSS Physical Oceanography P SS Cryospheric Science P SSS Terrestrial Ecology SSP S Land Cover Land Use ChangeSSP SSS Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry SSP S Biodiversity*SP Terrestrial Hydrology SSP SS Atmospheric Dynamics S S P S Research-Operations Transition Activities S S P Space Geodesy SSP Earth's Planetary Interior P Geohazards S S S P *Nascent Program Science Mission Directorate Missions in Formulation and Implementation NPP GLORY AQUARIUS LDCM GPM SMAP ICESat-II 7 Key Satellites for Focus Areas Atmospheric Composition* Global Water and Energy Cycle • Terra • Aqua • Aqua • Aura • Cloudsat • CALIPSO • TRMM • Glory • GPM • NPP • GRACE Climate Variability and Change Weather • ACRIMSAT • SORCE • TRMM • Aqua • GPM • Jason/OSTM • QuikScat • QuikScat • Aqua • CALIPSO • NPP • Aquarius • Glory • Terra • NPP • Cloudsat • GRACE Earth Surface and Interior* Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems • GRACE • Terra • Terra • SeaWiFS • Landsat 7 • Landsat 7 • LDCM • LDCM • NPP • MOOs (CHAMP, SAC-C, TerraSAR- X, Lageos 2) *NASA-supported Ground Networks also key NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Climate Absolute Hyperspectral LIDAR Surface Radiance and Infrared Imager Topography Refractivity (HYSPIRI) (LIST) Observatory (CLARREO) Precipitation and All-Weather Active Sensing of Temperature and Soil Moisture Active CO2 Emissions Humidity (PATH) Passive (SMAP) (ASCENDS) Gravity Recovery and Climate Surface Water Experiment - II and Ocean (GRACE - II) Topography Ice, Cloud,and (SWOT) land Elevation Snow and Cold Satellite II Land Processes (ICESat-II) (SCLP) Geostationary Coastal and Air Three-Dimensional Pollution Events Winds from Space (GEO-CAPE) Lidar (3D-Winds) Deformation, Ecosystem Aerosol - Cloud - Structure and Global Atmospheric Ecosystems Dynamics of Composition Mission (ACE) Ice (DESDynI) (GACM) 9 Tier I Tier II Tier III Science Benefits from a Hierarchy of Integrated Observations 1000 km Up-scaling for modeling and prediction 10 km ha m µm Down-scaling for instrument calibration and algorithm verification Outline • Agency/Targeted Activities in Climate Change – Mostly from the Earth Sciences perspective • Collaborations and Interactions – Engaging the Stakeholder: From Research to Energy Applications – Examples of successful partnerships with renewable energy and energy efficiency decision makers • Access & Resources (solicitations, reports & links) • Conclusions 11 NASA Applied Sciences Program • Goal: The Applied Sciences program extends NASA Earth Science research and observations for practical use in environmentally-related decision and policy making • Serves society through: – Demonstrating, through partnerships with public organizations, improvements to their ability to manage and plan natural resources and to make better environmental predictions, decisions, and policy. • Serves the Earth science community by: – Demonstrating and communicating the utility and potential of Earth science for societal benefit to a broad audience – Complementing R&A programs through applied research in strategic areas – Providing the applications “viewpoint” to the research community – Forging partnerships with “nontraditional” organizations (e.g., NREL, USDA, Battelle, NRCan, ESA, DLR, Universities, Private Sector) 12 Societal Benefit Areas Applied Sciences aligns with GEO Societal Benefit Areas, with a focus on those areas where: • NASA has capability and expertise • NASA can have greatest impact • Societal need is greatest Disaster Water Ecosystems Management Resources Public Agriculture Health Weather Climate Air Quality Relevant NASA Science Data Sets Meteorological Information: 23-year history 14 Relevant NASA Science Data Sets GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget 23 Year Annual Average Solar Fluxes (W m-2) 15 The NASA “POWER” Project POWER = Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource Objective: Improve the public and private capability for integrating environmental data from NASA’s satellite- based analysis and modeling research into sound management of energy production and energy efficiency systems. Goals: – Establish partnerships to facilitate the integration and adaptation of NASA satellite analysis and modeling data into power industry Decision Support Systems and databases – Target datasets for Electric Power, Renewable Energy, Energy-Efficient Building Design, and Biomass Crop Development Industries – Transition operational capabilities to other government and/or private sector entities 16 POWER Hub for Applications Energy Forecasting EARTH SYSTEM MODELS • MiniCAM (PNNL) Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency • Solar Forecasting • Earth System & Climate • RETScreen (NRCan) Change: GMAO Analysis (SUNY, NREL) (GEOS) • HOMER (NREL) • IEA Task (NREL) • Atmospheric Analysis • WMO Buildings Projects: ISCCP, SRB, Data • ASHRAE FLASHFlux (CERES, MODIS), GPCP Selected Proposals NASA/POWER • Crop-Yield Modeling Prototype Data (USDA, U.Neb., U. Ga) Data Set Generation • SWERA 2 (USGS, NREL) • Energy Load Forecasting EARTH OBSERVATIONS (Battelle, MSFC) Web Prototypes • Satellite: GOES, POES, • SSE TRMM, Terra, Aqua, TOMS, Data SORCE, Aura, CALIPSO, • Sustainable CloudSat, Glory, GPM, NPP Buildings • Land: Aeronet, BSRN, • Agroclimatology ARM, SURFRAD *Future Mission 17 POWER Web Site power.larc.nasa.gov RETScreen-NASA Partnership • Natural Resources Canada-funded program • RETScreen goals: – Build the capacity of planners, decision-makers and industry to implement renewable energy, cogeneration and energy efficiency projects – Reduce the cost of clean energy pre-feasibility studies • Partnering with NASA since 2000 • www.retscreen.net 19 Projects Facilitated by RETScreen 20 RETScreen’s Reliance on NASA Data • Direct query of RETScreen Climate Database NASA SSE data • >155,100 users in 222 countries • 1000 new users every week • Release 4: in 26 languages NASA data In Situ data Points represent world’s cities (~10,000). Red have in situ observations. Blue defer to NASA LaRC data sets (~5,000). Data for locations between points are found through a direct link to SSE. 21 NASA/HOMER (NREL) Partnership • NREL HOMER Micropower Optimization Model – HOMER is a computer model that simplifies the task of evaluating design options for both off-grid and grid-connected power systems for remote, stand-alone, and distributed generation (DG) applications. – NASA and other Earth observation data sources critical to its success – Used extensively around the world for determining the optimal mix of power technologies for meeting specified load conditions at specified locations – HOMER automatically accesses and inputs the NASA SSE data for the specific location that the model is analyzing. 22 PNNL Integrated Assessment Model Initialization with NASA Data PNNL/Joint Global Change Research Center uses NASA POWER data sets for initiation of MiniCAM 50-year energy market forecasts for policy planning Direct Solar Irradiance for areas with 50 or less no-sun days per year Forested and Agricultural Areas Excluded 23 GEOSS: First Energy Demonstration Hosted by École des Mines de Paris Regional Effects of Climate Change on Energy
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