CRN What It Was Doing and Why It Was Cognitive Systems Vision Doing It, and to Recover from Mental Continued on Page 8 Expanding the Pipeline
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COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS Computing Research Association, Celebrating 30 Years of Service to the Computing Research Community November 2002 Vol. 14/No. 5 DARPA’s New Cognitive Systems Vision By Ron Brachman and IPTO’s goal is to create a new to cope with systems both keep Zachary Lemnios generation of cognitive systems. growing. In order to make our systems more reliable, more secure, The impact of the Defense Mired in Moore’s Law? and more understandable, and to Advanced Research Projects Agency One benefit of such cognitive continue making substantial contri- (DARPA) on computing over the systems would be their help in butions to society, we need to do past 40 years has been profound. Led extracting us from a corner into something dramatically different. by the visionary J.C.R. Licklider and which our success seems to have his innovative successors in the painted us. The research that has The Promise of Cognitive Information Processing Techniques helped the industry follow Moore’s Systems Office (IPTO), DARPA initiated “Law” has created processors that are IPTO is attacking this problem by work that ultimately put personal remarkably fast and small, and data driving a fundamental change in computers on millions of desktops storage capabilities that are vast and computing systems. By giving systems Ron Brachman and made the global Internet a cheap. Unfortunately, these incred- more cognitive capabilities, we reality. In fact, the original IPTO, ible developments have cut two ways. believe we can make them more which lasted from 1962 to 1985, was While today’s computers are more responsible for their own behavior in large part responsible for estab- powerful than ever, we have been and maintenance. lishing Computer Science as a field. lured by processing power and Ideally, in the next generation, a DARPA has recently re-energized inexpensive memory into creating computer system will be cognizant of IPTO (now the Information Process- systems that are enormously large and its role in a larger organization or ing Technology Office), and has complex. Many of today’s systems are team (and of the overarching goals of rededicated its attention to modern virtually impossible for humans to that team), capable of acting Computer Science by looking both to understand, use, or maintain. autonomously, and able to interact its roots and to a dramatic vision of Beyond the resulting maintenance rationally with other systems and the future. Licklider imagined com- problem, with the total lifetime cost humans in real time. It will also be Zachary Lemnios puters and humans working closely of systems now heavily dominated by able to take care of itself in a self- together in a form of symbiosis. The after-production costs, this com- aware and knowledgeable way. blind alleys. It should be able to new, 21st century IPTO wants to plexity has also led to serious vulner- Ultimately, these new capabilities reflect on what goes wrong when an realize this vision by giving com- abilities. More complexity means will be the basis for artificial systems anomaly occurs, and anticipate such puting systems unprecedented abili- greater opportunity for intruders. that can respond as robustly to occurrences in the future. It should ties to reason, to learn, to explain, More elements mean more ways that surprise as natural systems can. be able to reconfigure itself in and to reflect, in order to finally things can go wrong; systems crash A cognitive computer system response to environmental changes. create systems able to cope robustly and software rots. And the training should be able to learn from its And it should be able to be config- with unforeseen circumstances. burden and level of expertise required experience, as well as by being ured, maintained, and operated by advised. It should be able to explain non-experts. All of these potential Inside CRN what it was doing and why it was Cognitive Systems Vision doing it, and to recover from mental Continued on Page 8 Expanding the Pipeline .......................2 Taulbee Historical Data.......................4 Research Lab Salaries........................3 Federal Budget Cycle Primer..............4 Digital Fellow’s Article .........................3 Professional Opportunities ................12 PAID U.S. POSTAGE PERMIT NO. 993 NONPROFIT ORG. The Intel Research Network: An Innovative DC WASHINGTON, Model of Industry-University Collaboration By Hans Mulder This is another in a series of CRN Formation of Intel Research articles describing the activities of CRA’s In 1999, David Tennenhouse industry laboratory members. Others joined Intel and was charged with are posted at: http://www.cra.org/ launching a new internal organiza- reports/labs. tion, Intel Research, to explore the Intel has a long history of funding disruptive and emerging technologies academic research through sponsored that could advance Intel’s business programs and grants. Today more and create new markets and opportu- than 250 Intel-sponsored research nities. Tennenhouse had been chief engagements are underway at univer- scientist and director of the informa- sities throughout the world. Recently tion technology office at the Defense Hans Mulder we have developed a bold new Advanced Research Projects Agency approach to conducting joint (DARPA), an organization known needs and take action on their research with universities in an for its ability to catalyze innovation behalf. Intel Research set out to open collaborative environment. by funding highly targeted university translate that vision into reality. We believe this innovative model research projects. The research model developed for will accelerate Intel’s exploratory this long-term and exploratory research efforts, while addressing The Vision of Proactive program uses Intel funding to sample the most pressing concerns of all Computing the broad array of university research. parties involved in collaborative Tennenhouse arrived at Intel with However, just sponsoring university initiatives between companies a vision of a future world of proactive research would not be sufficient to and universities. computing, in which billions of devices embedded throughout the Intel Research Network CRA NW 1100 Seventeenth Street, Suite 507 DC 20036-4632 Washington, environment will anticipate people’s Continued on Page 9 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS November 2002 Expanding the Pipeline Computing Research Award Validates Berkeley’s Diversity Association Board Officers Programs James Foley Chair By Sheila Humphreys Georgia Institute of Technology Janice Cuny Berkeley’s “EECS Excellence and Vice Chair Diversity Student Programs” were Berkeley Milestones University of Oregon recently awarded the 2002 Women 1971 Susan Graham appointed Assistant Professor of Computer Science. Kathleen McKeown in Engineering Programs Award 1977 WICSE (women’s graduate group) founded by CS graduate students. Secretary (WIEP) by WEPAN (Women Columbia University 1978 Working in Engineering and Computer Science: A conference for women in Engineering Programs and attended by 800 students. John Stankovic Treasurer Advocacy Network). 1983 Computer Science Reentry Program Established by Computer Science University of Virginia At a time when diversity Division to increase number of women graduate students. Board Members programs are under attack, such 1986 EECS (Prof. Eugene Wong) creates “Excellence and Diversity Student Philip Bernstein an award validates Berkeley’s Programs.” Microsoft Research programs for women. The passage 1987 WICSE 10th Anniversary: MIT Professor Dresselhaus, speaker. Randal Bryant of Proposition 209 in California, 1992 AUWICSEE founded by women undergraduates; Professor Katherine Carnegie Mellon University which prohibits programs that Yelick appointed. Doris Carver confer educational benefits based 1994 Faculty pass Parent Policy allowing graduate student parents to modify Louisiana State University solely on gender or ethnicity, has led their academic program. Lori Clarke to a perceived shift away from 1996 CS Reentry Program phased out because of Proposition 209. University of Massachusetts valuing diversity. Further, the con- 2000 CS sends 15 students to Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Timothy Finin tinuing economic downturn in Computing. University of Maryland Baltimore County California undermines all academic 2001 Jennifer Mankoff appointed Assistant Professor of CS; Berkeley estab- programs, but particularly diversity lishes a Virtual Development Center. Ambuj Goyal IBM T.J. Watson Research Center programs, which lie outside core 2002 WICSE celebrates 25th year Maria Klawe visits CS as Regents’ Lecturer. Barbara Grosz instructional activities. The WIEP Award recognizes CS sends 22 students to Hopper Conference; Barbara Grosz visits as Harvard University McKay Professor in Computer Science. James Horning Berkeley’s “sustained national NAI Labs impact” in several areas, including: Mary Jane Irwin 1) attracting women to electrical with staff assistance, space, facilita- mid-‘90s a number of women grad- Pennsylvania State University engineering and computer science at tion of conference travel, a guaran- uate students struggled with graduate Leah H. Jamieson Berkeley; 2) providing orientation Purdue University teed voice at the annual Faculty degree timelines and expectations and sustained academic support to Retreat, and funding to support while dealing with infant care. The Michael Jones women students in EECS; 3) fos- Microsoft Research its activities. Parent Policy, championed by tering a sense of community