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The Sanctioned Antiblackness of White Monumentality: Africological Epistemology As Compass, Black Memory, and Breaking the Colonial Map

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The Sanctioned Antiblackness of White Monumentality: Africological Epistemology As Compass, Black Memory, and Breaking the Colonial Map THE SANCTIONED ANTIBLACKNESS OF WHITE MONUMENTALITY: AFRICOLOGICAL EPISTEMOLOGY AS COMPASS, BLACK MEMORY, AND BREAKING THE COLONIAL MAP A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Christopher G. Roberts May 2018 Examining Committee Members: Molefi K. Asante, Advisory Chair, Africology and African American Studies Amari Johnson, Africology and African American Studies Benjamin Talton, History Serie McDougal III, External Member, San Francisco State University © Copyright 2018 by Christopher G. Roberts All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT In the cities of Richmond, Virginia; Charleston South Carolina; New Orleans, Louisiana; and Baltimore, Maryland, this dissertation endeavors to find out what can be learned about the archaeology(s) of Black memory(s) through Africological Epistemic Visual Storytelling (AEVS); their silences, their hauntings, their wake work, and their healing? This project is concerned with elucidating new African memories and African knowledges that emerge from a two-tier Afrocentric analysis of Eurocentric cartography that problematizes the dual hegemony of the colonial archive of public memory and the colonial map by using an Afrocentric methodology that deploys a Black Digital Humanities research design to create an African agentic ritual archive that counters the colonial one. Additionally, this dissertation explains the importance of understanding the imperial geographic logics inherent in the hegemonically quotidian cartographies of Europe and the United States that sanction white supremacist narratives of memory and suppress spatial imaginations and memories in African communities primarily, but Native American communities as well. It is the hope of the primary researcher that from this project knowledge will be gained about how African people can use knowledge gained from analyzing select monuments/sites of memorialization for the purposes of asserting agency, resisting, and possibly breaking the supposed correctness of the colonial map. iii For Those who came two thousand seasons before me. Those who are in this season with me. Those who will come two thousand seasons after me. Cynthia Hurd, Rev. Clementa Pinckney, Rev. Sharonda Coleman-Singleton, Daniel Simmons, Rev. Depayne Middleton Doctor, Tywanza Sanders, Myra Thompson, Ethel Lee Lance, Susie Jackson, Polly Sheppard, Felicia Sanders and her granddaughter. Gladys Graham. Frederick Graham Sr. Those countless Africans whose names I do not know, but I know without whom there would be no me. Baltimore City and Baltimore County. And of course, Aunt Roz. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, thank you to the Creator for the opportunity. Thank you to my ancestors for looking out for me, and the entire Africana spiritual community for walking with me along this journey. Acknowledgements so brief for something that has taken so long to create are bound to be incomplete. Even if I were to think that I had made mention of everyone there would undoubtedly be someone missed. This is a dissertation that is in large part about memory, and after reading these acknowledgements it won’t be hard to see that memory is something that is important to me. Temple. Ifetayo Flannery, Jennifer Williams, and Doñela Wright: Pentagoinsts, A1 since Day 1, since TempleFest my first day here and we’ve been at it ever since. Jessica “Justice” Hamilton and Matthew Simmons: honored to have y’all in my circle, y’all have been rocks. Raven Moses and Alice Nicholas: cohort crew and kin, we gon’ make it. Danielle Macon and Maya Lefao: thankful for your energy and friendships, keep shining and don’t dim yourselves for anyone. Marquice: thankful for your thoughtfulness and consistency, stay the course and remember that detours aren’t dead ends. Shanise Redmon: thankful for your ideas and intellect, as long as you keep thinking and keep asking you’ll be fine. J.P. Craig: thankful for your work ethic and conversation, continue to make your interests your emphasis. Abu: thanks for your steadfast support, your family is lucky to have you and keep being a pillar and a model for them. Mjumbe, thanks for always taking an interest in my work and knowing that something I did was of interest to you motivated me because I truly respect your ideas and how your mind works. Thanks Brandon for the early morning workouts, the rides, and the conversations. A warm thanks also to Tim Welbeck, Keisha, Reggie, Dana, Phil, Rob, Vania, Octavia “Alonge” v Clarkson, Christina Harris, Clyde Ledbetter, Miciah Yehudah, Hannah Wallace, Brandon Stanford, Joshua Myers, Anyabwile Love, Drew Brown, Garrison Paige, Quest Paige, Jewel Bachelor, Jordan Denson, Jimmy Kirby, Shané Weaver, Shané Darby-Bey, James Buari, Blaze Campbell, Stehanie, Angira Pickens, DeChana Roberts, Eboneé, Cory, Dajae, Tyree, and Zalika Ulbaorimi; they ain’t ready for you. Thank you to Dr. Iyelli Ichile, you are an exemplary scholar and even better person, glad to have you as a teacher and friend. Dr. Peterson-Lewis, thank you for your attentiveness and concern, I am thankful that I was able to learn from you as a TA, I appreciate that care is something that you make sure to invest in your relationships. Thank you Dr. Nehusi for your instruction and rooting in tradition. Thank you Dr. Mazama for making sure I was trained in and maintened grasp and proficiency in the discipline. Thank you to Ms. Tammey, you are always looking out for me and since I got here have done so many things to assist me for which I will always be thankful. Thank you to Dr. Carter, Dr. Wade, Dr. Jennings, and Dr. Ahmad; always loved your stories about Malcolm. one that has helped planning and organizing of Ngoma over the years. Thanks to everyone at the National Council for Black Studies, The Association for the Study of African American Life and History, The Association for the Study of the Worldwide African Diaspora, and the Diopian Institute for Scholarly Advancement for professional and intellectual development. Thank you to the Center for the Humanities at Temple and thank you to the National Endowment for the Humanities for financially supporting me and my research, without your financial backing, much of this would not have been possible. Thank you to Ms. Belinda, Anne Eckert and Stephanie Tschanz. Thank you to Mr. Keith, Ms. Lisa, and the security staff that’s looked out for me. Thank you to the late night crew for facilities in Gladfelter who vi I have gotten to know over the years, and always encourage me. Thank you to the staff at Saige, Stephanie, Marissa, Mike, and Danny in particular. Thank you to the staff at Saxby’s, been with y’all from Almond Joy’s to Almond Coconut Mochas. Thank you to Flo and the staff at the Starbucks in Tech. Thank you to the late-night shuttle drivers at Temple who got me back home many a night and who wished me well in my studies. Thanks to Ali, Adriatic, Jamaica D’s and the food shops and trucks that have sustained me while here.Thank you to Omar, Ajua, Yun, and Nana for being cool all around people and assisting with my initial transition to the Philadelphia area being as smooth as possible. Thank you Kardon Atlantic staff. Thank you to all the students I have had the honor to teach during my five years at Temple, especially my Black students within and outside of the AAAS major, I hope that I have left you all with as many lessons as you have left me. Thank you to the AAAS Department for the opportunity to teach. Teaching you all as students has been one of my greatest challenges and greatest joys. A special shoutout to my Blacks in Mass Media class this semester, thank y’all for the flexibility and patience. Rutgers Camden Intro to Africana Studies Class and Dr. Keith Green. Thanks for learning with me during this last year. Thanks Dr. Green for taking a chance on me. Though our time has been brief, you all have taught me so much about the importance and reach of this work. Thanks for the opportunity to teach you all. NEH Blackspace. Thank you Dr. Kim Gallon for believing that Black Studies has something to say about the Digital Humanities, and that Black Studies in and of itself is deserving and stands on its own merit. To all of my colleagues and friends from our time at Purdue and Hamilton, you all have contributed to my growth in more ways than you know. SF State. Thanks Xola. Thank you to Dr. Fischer, for modeling mentorship and guidance and for vii seeing something in me worth investing time in. Thank you Dr. Ginwright, Dr. McDougal III, Dr. Tsuruta, Dr. Richards, Dr. Collins, Dr. Nelson, Dr. Mirabal, Dr. Kobashigawa, Dr. Sueyoshi, Laureen Chew, Madeline Flamer, Prof. Davey D, Prof. Ashley Aaron, Dr. T’Shaka, Dr. Nobles, Dean Anthony Monteiro, and everyone in The College of Ethnic Studies. Thank you to my cohort (Asian Am. too) for being awesome friends, thinkers, and comrades. Dinah, thank you for your friendship. Clarence, thank you for always showing up and being someone who brings your full and honest self everywhere you go. Sureshi and Tesla, thank you both for being community for me and for an awesome bond of support and solidarity. And Ola and Tashal, y’all weren’t at SF State but Michigan State is low-key adjacent now, and I definitely want to thank you all for always being supportive at conferences and in conversation. Betti Ono, Bay Area, and Oakland Freedom School. Thank you Anyka, Ms. Yvette, Lelia, Imani, Jon, Cicely, Shanna, Jewsh, and Sumayyah for being community and showing me that so much of what makes spaces are the people in them. Thanks to Malila, Marta, Tope, Oscar, Kee ro mano, Frank, and Iman.
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