Koncepty Lékařské Farmakologie V Éře Personalizované Medicíny a Jejich Implikace Při Výuce Farmakologie V 21

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Koncepty Lékařské Farmakologie V Éře Personalizované Medicíny a Jejich Implikace Při Výuce Farmakologie V 21 MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA LÉKAŘSKÁ FAKULTA KONCEPTY LÉKAŘSKÉ FARMAKOLOGIE V ÉŘE PERSONALIZOVANÉ MEDICÍNY A JEJICH IMPLIKACE PŘI VÝUCE FARMAKOLOGIE V 21. STOLETÍ HABILITAČNÍ PRÁCE komentovaný soubor prací navazující na habilitační práci s názvem „Koncepty klinické farmakologie v éře personalizované medicíny” (LF UK Bratislava, 2015) B r n o 2017 d o c . M U D r . R e g in a D e m lo v á, P h . D . P o d ě k o v án í Děkuji všem svým kolegům a spolupracovníkům za vynikající týmovou spolupráci a podporu při výzkumné činnosti. Za cenné rady, spolupráci a podporu bych chtěla konkrétně poděkovat doc. MUDr. Daliboru Valíkovi, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jaroslavu Štěrbovi, Ph.D. a doc. RNDr. Lence Zdražilové Dubské, Ph.D. Za dlouhodobou podporu a oporu děkuji i své rodině. Za vytvoření příznivých pracovních podmínek děkuji rovněž prof. MUDr. Jiřímu Mayerovi, CSc. a vedení Lékařské fakulty MU v Brně a vedení Masarykova onkologického ústavu v čele s prof. MUDr. Janem Žaloudíkem, CSc. OBSAH ABSTRAKT (ČESKY) ............................................................................................ 1 ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) ........................................................................................ 2 2. PŘEDMLUVA ................................................................................................. 3 3. ZÁKLADNÍ FARMAKOLOGIE JAKO TEORETICKÁ NAUKA A KLINICKÁ FARMAKOLOGIE JAKO INTEGRATIVNÍ DISCIPLÍNA S PŘESAHEM DO VŠECH KLINICKÝCH OBORŮ ......................................................................................... 55 3.1 PŘEHLEDOVÁ ČÁST K PERSONALIZOVANÝM CÍLŮM VE FARMAKOTERAPII NÁDORŮ 9 3.1.1 PERSONALIZOVANÉ CÍLE V ONKOLOGII Z POHLEDU KLINICKÉ FARMAKOLOGIE A PREKLINICKÉM EXPERIMENTU ........................................... 1010 3.1.1.1. VLASTNÍ PŘÍSPĚVEK K PROBLEMATICE KLINICKÉ ČÁSTI .................. 1111 3.1.1.2. VLASTNÍ PŘÍSPĚVEK K PROBLEMATICE V PREKLINICKÉM EXPERIMENTU ............................................................................................................. 1414 3.1.2 IMUNOLOGICKÉ ASPEKTY NÁDORŮ VE VZTAHU K PROTINÁDOROVÉ FARMAKOTERAPII ....................................................................................... 1515 3.1.2.1. VLASTNÍ PŘÍSPĚVEK K PROBLEMATICE V KLINICKÉ ČÁSTI ............... 1616 3.1.2.2 VLASTNÍ PŘÍSPĚVEK K PROBLEMATICE V PREKLINICKÉM EXPERIMENTU ............................................................................................................. 1818 3.1.3 PERSONALIZOVANÁ MEDICÍNA V KONTEXTU HODNOCENÍ ODPOVĚDI DLE „BIOMARKERŮ“ – ÚVOD K VÝZNAMU miRNA ................................................... 211 3.1.3.1 VLASTNÍ PŘÍSPĚVEK K PROBLEMATICE miRNA V PREKLINICKÉM EXPERIMENTU ............................................................................................ 22 3.1.3.2. VLASTNÍ PŘÍSPĚVEK K PROBLEMATICE Z POHLEDU KLINICKÉ FARMAKOLOGIE ....................................................................................... 244 3.2 PŘEHLEDOVÁ ČÁST – ÚVOD K METABOLICKÉMU SYNDROMU A ENDOKRINOLOGICKÉMU STATUTU ................................................................... 2525 3.2.1 METABOLIKCÝ SYNDROM, ZÁNĚT A NÁDOROVÁ ONEMOCNĚNÍ Z POHLEDU KLINICKÉ FARMAKOLOGIE ........................................................................... 2626 3.2.2 METABOLICKÉ ZMĚNY A ROLE ADIPOKINŮ V PREKLINICKÉM EXPERIMENTU NA ZVÍŘETI ................................................................................................... 2626 3.2.2.1 VLASTNÍ PŘÍSPĚVEK K PROBLEMATICE V PREKLINICKÉM EXPERIMENTU ............................................................................................................. 2828 4. IMPLIKACE PREKLINICKÝCH A KLINICKÝCH AKTIVIT PŘI VÝUCE LÉKAŘSKÉ FARMAKOLOGIE ................................................................................................ 30 4.1 PREGRADUÁLNÍ VÝUKA LÉKAŘSKÉ FARMAKOLOGIE .................................... 30 4.2 POSTRGRADUÁLNÍ VÝUKA LÉKAŘSKÉ FARMAKOLOGIE ................................ 34 5. ZÁVĚR ....................................................................................................... 3636 6. REFERENCE ................................................................................................... 37 7. SEZNAM KOMENTOVANÝCH PUBLIKACÍ ........................................................ 42 8. PŘÍLOHY ....................................................................................................... 44 ABSTRAKT (česky) Habilitační práce doc. MUDr. Reginy Demlové, Ph.D. na téma „Koncepty lékařské farmakologie v éře personalizované medicíny a jejich implikace při výuce farmakologie ve 21. století” je zpracována formou komentovaného souboru publikovaných vědeckých prací autorky z let 2015-2017 a habilitační práce v oboru Klinická farmakologie obhájené dne 18. 10. 2015 před VR LF UK v Bratislavě, která komentovala klinicko-výzkumné práce před rokem 2015 (práce je přílohou I). Na počátku každé kapitoly je vždy uveden stručný přehled úvodu do problematiky a poté vlastní příspěvek autorky k dané problematice, ať již z hlediska klinické zkušenosti nebo preklinického výzkumu. Úvod habilitační práce nastoluje základní pohled na komplexnost oboru základní a aplikované klinické farmakologie a principy personalizované farmakoterapie v dnešní době. Hlavní část práce přináší informace o principech individualizované medicíny a uplatňování individualizovaného přístupu k pacientovi, definuje farmakologické cíle a vybrané biomarkery protinádorové farmakoterapie, věnuje se jejich genezi od objevu přes validaci až ke klinickým aplikacím. Dále komentuje přístup personalizované farmakoterapie ve vztahu k hostiteli, zejména imunologickým aspektům a roli zánětlivých procesů, které mohou doprovázet metabolický syndrom. Závěr práce se věnuje možné implementaci preklinického i klinického farmakologického výzkumu autorky do pregraduální i postgraduální výuky lékařské farmakologie. 1 ABSTRACT (English) The habilitation (associate professorship) thesis of Regina Demlova on the topic "Pharmacological aspects of personalized medicine and their implications in pharmacology teaching" is comprised of a compendium of author’s selected scientific papers published in the years 2015 – 2017 amended with interpretive comments and the habilitation thesis in the field of Clinical Pharmacology defended on October 18th 2015 at Faculty of Medicine of the Comenius university in Bratislava, which commented on clinical research and scientific papers published before 2015 (attached as an appendix I). There is always a brief overview of the introduction to the issue at the beginning of each chapter and then the author's own contribution to the issue, whether in terms of clinical experience or preclinical research. The overall perspective of the complexity of the basic and applied clinical pharmacology and principles of personalized pharmacotherapy in everyday practice are outlined in the introductory part of the thesis. Major part of the thesis provides information on the principles of individualized medicine and use of the individualized approach to the patient, defines the pharmacological targets and selected biomarkers of anticancer pharmacotherapy, and pays attention to their genesis from discovery to validation and clinical applications. Host-approach of personalized pharmacotherapy, particularly immunological aspects and the role of inflammatory processes that may accompany metabolic syndrome, are discussed in the subsequent text. Last part of the thesis deals with the possible implementation of the preclinical and clinical pharmacological research of the author in the pregraduate and postgraduate teaching of medical pharmacology. 2 2. PŘEDMLUVA Předkládanou habilitační práci v oboru „Lékařská farmakologie” jsem vypracovala jako komentovaný soubor 13 prací se závěry a výstupy, které jsem pojala jako implementaci vlastních výzkumných preklinických poznatků a klinických zkušeností do pregraduální výuky oboru Lékařská farmakologie. Jedná se o práce, které byly publikovány v období od ukončení mého předchozího habilitačního řízení a komentovaný soubor je tvořen 9 full-texty, 3 Meeting Abstracts a 1 akademicky iniciovanou klinickou studií, přičemž 10 z předkládaných prací bylo publikováno v impaktovaných časopisech. Předkládaná habilitační práce navazuje a rozšiřuje již obhájenou habilitační práci z roku 2015 na LF UK v Bratislavě. Ta se soustředila cíleně na komplexní rozpracování konceptu personalizované farmakoterapie v onkologii pohledem klinického farmakologa, a to ve třech základních oblastech zahrnujících personalizovaný výzkum léčiv a jeho zejména farmakogenetické aspekty, s tím související problematiku optimálního designu klinických hodnocení a farmakoekonomiku včetně dopadu na úhradové mechanismy léčiv. Práce byla předložena k obhajobě a obhájena v říjnu 2015 na LF UK v Bratislavě v rámci akreditovaného oboru „Klinická farmakologie”, tedy oboru, který nebyl a není v současné chvíli akreditován pro habilitační a profesorská řízení na žádné z lékařských fakult v České republice. Spis, předkládaný k habilitačnímu řízení na LF MU v Brně, se již věnuje specifickým a rozšiřujícím výzkumným tématům z oblasti preklinické farmakologie v onkologii a psychofarmakologii a dále pak personalizaci protinádorové farmakoterapie ve vztahu k hostitelskému organizmu. Tento spis je potřeba vnímat jako celek, syntézu habilitační práce z roku 2015 (příloha I) a komentovaného souboru navazujících prací s cílovou snahou zasadit vlastní výzkumné aktivity v oblasti farmakologie do kontextu výuky předmětu Lékařské farmakologie na
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