Technical Conference 2016

Baltimore, Maryland, USA 26 - 28 September 2016

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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAPERS

AUTOMOTIVE I

Vehicle Interior Air Quality - VDA 278 and Beyond...... 1 Caroline Widdowson, Ilaria Ferrante, Massimo Santoro

Aldehyde Emissions from Flexible Molded Foam...... 5 Jennifer Al-Rashid, Torsten Panitzsch, Jackson Su, Gauri Sankar Lal, Allen Arnold

L-Shaped Air Flush Spray Mixing Heads for the Production of Lightweight Automotive Components...... 16 Andrea Bartolini, Alessandro Colella

AUTOMOTIVE II

Enabling Automotive Light Weighting by Reducing Foam Thickness in Instrument Panels ...... 34 Kelly Kiszka, Joe McCormick, Kevin Murphy

Evaluation of Cast PVC Processing Conditions for Improved Adhesion to Foam ...... 47 Robert Bondar, Brent Cassata

Dynamic Comfort and Vibration Damping with Polyurethane Foams...... 60 Mark Brennan, Maarten Moesen, Martino Dossi, Jan Vandenbroeck

Latest Developments on Stabilization Systems for Polyurethanes in Automotive Applications ...... 74 Cinzia Tartarini, Gregor Huber, Jason Yuan

BLOWING AGENTS

Recent Appliance Development of Opteon™ 1100 - a Zero ODP and Low GWP Foam Expansion Agent...... 90 Gary Loh, Saadat Ata, Margaret (Peg) Van Slyke

Methylal: A Solution to Recent Regulations on Blowing Agents ...... 107 Michel Beaujean, Laurent Godefroid

The Impact of Amine Catalyst in Hydrohaloolefin Blown Rigid Polyurethane Foam Systems ...... 121 Yusuke Sesoko, Katsumi Tokumoto

B-Side Flammability and Its Implications in Spray Foam Applications...... 131 Mark Robin, Michael Fraser, Margaret Van Slyke, Saadat Ata, Bruce Hitchens, Gary Loh

HFO-1234ze(E) ...... 145 Mojee Cline, Andrew Shinko

CASE: COATINGS & ADHESIVES

One-component Polyurethane Roofing Adhesive Formulation with the Hydrofluoroolefin, HFO- 1234ze ...... 157 Megan Thomas, Michelle Hudack, Steven Erio, Herb Reffert, Steven Moskowitz

Adhesive Technologies Using Recycled/Renewable Based Polyester ...... 170 Woo-Sung Bae, Mike Christy, Brian Reid

High-Performance Polyurethane Coatings and Elastomers from C18-Based Polyols ...... 185 Allyson Beuhler, Paul Bertin, Jonathan Brekin, Zhe Wang, Debra Tindall

Research on Film Properties of IPDI Based PUDs in Different Kind of Catalyst Systems ...... 193 Hao Tian Zhang

CASE: TPU & ELASTOMERS

Conventional and Reduced-Free Prepolymers Based on trans-1,4-H6XDI: Elastomer Physical/Mechanical Properties, Dynamic Performance and Chemical/Solvent Resistance...... 199 Steve Seneker, Robert Czeiszperger, Jordan Duckett, Elizabeth June

Formulating of Industrial Elastomer with Exclusive Acid/Alkali Resistance...... 211 Jayant Khadilkar, Kiseok Yu, Sudhir Kamble, Dongyul Jeon

CHEMISTRY AND FUNDAMENTALS

Impact of Mass Transfer Limitation of Polyurethane Reactions...... 228 Harith Al-Moameri, Galen Suppes

Insights from a Half-Decade of Urethane Reaction Simulation Development...... 239 Galen Suppes, Harith Al-Moameri

Modified Lignin as a Main Composition for a New Generation of Polyurethane Rigid Foams...... 245 Abdelkader Benhalima, Damien Maillard, Minh-Tan Ton-That, Karen Stoeffler

CONSTRUCTION I

The Benefits and Advantages of Using CO2 Based Polyols in Rigid Insulation Foam Applications ...... 255 Michael Nagridge, Christopher Fordice, Kimberly Jaskula, Simon Waddington

Improved Thermal Insulation Performance of Polyisocyanurate Foam Using Prepolymers...... 271 Kshitish Patankar, Steven Crain, Mark Sonnenschein, Tina Rhoton, Todd Pangburn

Advances in Aromatic Polyester Polyols for Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board ...... 283 Sachchida Singh, David Shieh, Jason Eubank, Richard Donald, Paul Coleman, Jerry Pilgrim

Water Soluble Bismuth Based Curatives with Remarkable Activity and Shelf Life...... 302 Nathan Eckert, Robert Hart

CONSTRUCTION II

Novel Cardanol-Based Polyols and Their Use in Rigid Polyurethane Foams...... 312 Anbu Natesh, Pietro Campaner

Renewable and Engineered EMEROX® Polyols for Spray Polyurethane Foam Applications ...... 321 Jeff Sowder, Bryan King, Joe Lynch

Rigid Polyurethane Foams Used in Artificial Wood Roofing Materials ...... 334 Daniel Heberer, Michael Anderson, David Bareis, Paul Mallorey

GreenSuite® Risk Assessments of Three Spray Polyurethane Systems...... 340 George Thompson

ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY

CPI Spray Polyurethane Foam Product Stewardship Update...... 353 William Robert, Heather Palfrey

Lessons Learned From Spray Polyurethane Foam Emission Testing Using Micro-Chambers ...... 357 Dustin Poppendieck, Mengyan Gong, Lauren Lawson

Research Activities to Support the Development of ASTM Standards to Measure Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF)...... 368 John Sebroski, Jason Miller, Diana Kelley

Industrial Hygiene Monitoring During Residential Atticís and Crawl Space Insulation Upgrade with Open Cell and Closed Cell Spray Polyurethane Foam...... 395 William Robert, Jim Andersen, Richard Wood, James Tocyloski

FLAME RETARDANTS

Review of the Scientific Basis for the Report "Healthy Environments: Strategies for Avoiding Flame Retardants in the Built Environment"...... 429 Thomas Osimitz, Wiebke Droege

New Flame Retardants Developments for the Flexible Foam Market ...... 454 Zhihao Chen, Jeffrey Stowell, Munjal Patel

FLEXIBLE FOAMS: RENEWABLE POLYOLS

Final Steps on the Route to Commercialization of CO2-Based Polyols for Flexible Foam ...... 464 Karsten Malsch, Lutz Brassat, John Hayes, Susan Mcvey

Bio-Based Ester for Flexible Foam Applications...... 478 Michael Brooks, Bryan King, Greg Hunt

Next Generation Agrol® Polyols ...... 491 Carlotta Paulsen, Rick Speas, Neil Nodelman

Bio Renewable, High Performance Polyols ...... 499 Matt Terwillegar

FLEXIBLE FOAMS

New Cell Structure Control Technology for Ultra-High Air Flow Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foam ...... 510 Kaoru Aou, Harper Meng, Christopher Thiede, Dale Hunter, Van Delk Jr., Michelle Thomas

The Adjustment of Physical Properties of Viscoelastic Foam - the Role of Different Raw Materials ...... 518 Michael Krebs, Roland Hubel

SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM

A Characterization of the Susceptibility of Various Types of Spray Foam Insulation to the Growth of Mold in Wall Cavities...... 533 Thomas Robataille

Opteon® 1100: Commercial Spray Foam Developments...... 539 Ernest Wysong, James Tocyloski

Performance of A New Terate® HT Polyol in Spray Foam Systems Containing HCFO-1233zd as Blowing Agent...... 554 Ning Luo, Kevin Wiacek

Spray Polyurethane Foam Open-Cell (Low-Density) Thermal Aging Study ...... 567 Richard Duncan

SUSTAINABILITY

Recent Advances in Natural Oil Polyol Chemistry for the Polyurethane Industry...... 580 Jonathan Wang, Jens Eulitz, Dennis Chong

Micronized Rubber Powder-Performance Improvements, Sustainability, and Processing in Flexible Foam Applications...... 590 Ian Wheeler, Tom Rosenmayer

POSTER ABSTRACTS

AUTOMOTIVE

Polyurethane Systems for Structural Composites II: Use in a Light Weight Automotive Chassis...... 599 Michael Connolly, Daniel Heberer, Antony Dodworth

Advancing the Performance of Polyurethane Impingement Mixing Technology ...... 600 Richard Werner

CHEMISTRY & FUNDAMENTALS

Impact of Mass Transfer Limitation of Polyurethane Reactions...... 601 Harith Al-Moameri, Galen Suppes

Flory-Huggins Based Approach to Describe Phase Separation in Reactive Ternary Mixtures of Polyether Polyol Blends and Hexamethylene Diisocyanate...... 602 Christian Wenning, Dirk Achten, Annette Schmidt, Marc Leimenstoll

Urethane-Forming Reaction Kinetics of Natural Oil Polyols Versus Polyether Polyol ...... 603 Kosheela Devi, Maznee Tuan Noor, Hoong Seng Soi, Zailan Bin Abu Bakar, Yeong Shoot Kian, Hazimah Abu Hassan

Synergistic Multi-Metal and Amine Catalyst Blends For Polyurethane Applications...... 604 Brandon Parks

Emission Management Advances in Flexible Polyurethane Foam ...... 605 Jane Kniss, Jenny Al-Rashid

ELASTOMERS

Formulating Ethacure® 300 in MDI Systems with Prolonged Pot Life and Desired Properties ...... 606 Shannon Taylor, Yong Tang, Paul Wiggins

Applications of 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol (MPO) in Polyurethanes...... 607 Helen Wu, George Kwiatkowski

Soft Polyurethane Elastomers With Adhesion Properties Based On Palm Oil Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Polyols...... 608 Mohd Norhisham, Turan Noor Maznee, Nurul Ain , Kosheela Devi, Srihanum Adnan, Norhayati Mohd Noor, S. K. Yeong, A. H. Hazimah

Performance of Palm Oil-Based Dihydroxystearic Acid as Ionizable Molecule in Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions...... 609 Kosheela Devi, Tuan Noor Maznee, Nurul Ain, Mohd Norhisham, Norhayati Bindti Mohd Noor, Yeong Shoot Kian, A. H. Hazimah

A Sustainable Approach for the Preparation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers...... 610 Aleksandra Buczko

ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & SAFETY

Decrease in Diisocyanate-Related Occupational Asthma Aided by Enhanced Industry Stewardship ...... 611 Sahar Osman-Sypher

FLEXIBLE FOAMS

Micronized Rubber Powder-Performance Improvements, Sustainability, and Processing in Flexible Foam Applications...... 612 Ian Wheeler, Tom Rosenmayer

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane Polymer and its Utilization for Removal of Methylene Blue in Aqueous System ...... 613 Sadia Atta, Misbah Sultan, Akmal Shahzad

Development of "Designed-for-Recycling" Flexible Polyurethane Foam...... 614 Ronny Hanich

RIGID FOAMS

Methylal: A Solution to Recent Regulations on Blowing Agents ...... 615 Michel Beaujean

Water Soluble Bismuth Based Curatives with Remarkable Activity and Shelf Life...... 616 Nathan Eckert, Rob Hart

Benefits of Fully Reactive Brominated Flame Retardant in Polyurethane Foam Systems...... 617 Augusto Ibay

Opteon™ 1100: Polyurethane Foam Application Developments and Commercialization ...... 618 James Tocyloski, Gary Loh, Mark Robin, Ernest Wysong

Effect of Phyllosilicate Type Organoclay Addition on the Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam ...... 619 Ceren Imak, Ender Suvaci, Metin Kaya, Goksin Sayer

New Developments in Catalyst Technology to Enable the Use of Low-GWP HFO Blowing Agents...... 620 Irene Hsu, Tim Miller, Jared Bender, Kai Xi, Tabitha Thompson, Al Arnold

Author Index