Sigllla Kappa Triangle

VOL. VII NOVEMBER, 1912 . No.1

... , c ~' c 'Ev K'IJP p.ta. ooo~.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF SIGMA KAPPA SORORITY

GEORGE BANTA, Official Printer an

Editor-in-Chief. HELEN F. GILMORE. 473 Waltham St., West Newton, Mass.

Exchange Editor. HELEN RoWELl". Central College, _Lexington, Missouri.

Committee on Finance. Ellen Peterson, 1 Mt. Pleasant Terrace, Roxbury, Mass., Chairman. Elsie Gulley, Cherry Creek, N. Y. Blanche Crapo, 54 Warren Ave., Whitman, Mass.

Sigma Kappa TRIANGLE is issued in November, February, May and August. MANUSCRIPT must be sent to Helen F. Gilmore, 473 Waltham St., West Newton, Mass. (Boston P . 0.) on the First of the preceding months. Price $1.25 per annum. Single copies 35 _cents.

Entered as second-class matter October 15, 1910, at the Post Office at Menasha, Wis., under the act of March 3, 1879. SIGMA KAPPA SORORITY Founded at Colby College in 1874 FOUNDERS MRS. L. D. CARVER, nee Mary Caffrey Lowe, 99 Sewall St., Augusta, Maine. ELIZABETH GORHAM HOAG, (deceased). MRS. J. B. PIERCE," nee Ida M. li.,uller, Kansas City, Mo. LOUISE HELEN COBURN, Skowhegan, Maine. MRS. G. W. HALL, nee Frances E. Mann, 221 E St., N. W., Washington, D. C. A · A A GRAND COUNCIL ( President MISS HILA HELEN· SMALL, 232 Highland Ave., Somerville, Mass. Vice-President MRS. EULA GROVE LINGER, 109 14th St., Buffalo, N. Y. Secretary MRS. ETHEL HAYWARD WESTON, Hale, Michigan. Treasurer MISS MARY LOUISE GAY, 1217 Park Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. A A A GRAND REGISTRAR JOSIE B. HOUCHENS, Urbana, Ill. Custodian of the Badge AGNES lVL GILMORE, . 122 Summer Ave., Reading, Mass. Central Extension Committee . EVALINE SALSMAN . . Wollaston, . Mass. GRACE ADA SMALL HOULDER, . . Arlington, Mass. MRS. ADELAIDE TRUE ELLERY Schenectady, N. Y. Delegate to Pan-Hellenic GRACE ADA SMALL HOULDER. Secretary to Pan-Hellenic MRS. J. H. McELRQY, A 4>, 1514 E. 54th St., Chicago, Illinois. ROLL OF CHAPTERS

ACTIVE ALPHA, 1874. Colby College, Waterville, Maine. BETA AND GAMMA. Consolidated with Alpha. DELTA, 1904. . Boston University, Boston, Mass. EPSILON, 1905. Syracuse University, S~racuse, N.Y. ZETA, 1906. George Washington University, Washing ton, D. C. ETA, 1906. Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, Ill. THETA, 1906. University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois. IoTA, 1908. University of Denver, Denver, Colorado. KAPPA, 1908. Brown University, Providence, R.I. LAMBDA, 1910. University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Mu, 1910. University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Nu, 1911. Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vt.

ALUMNAE Waterville Alumnae Waterville, Maine. Portland Alumnae . Portland, Me. Boston Alumnae Boston, Mass. New York Alumnae New York City. Rhode Island Alumnae Providence, R. I. Washington Alumnae Washington, D. C. Bloomington .4-lumnae Bloomington, Ill. Colorado Alumnae . D enver, Colo. California Alumnae Berkeley, Cal. Central N. Y. Alumnae . Syracuse, N. Y. Puget ·Sound Alumnae Seattle, Wash. CONTENTS

Noble Womanhood vs. Rushing Season ...... 7 Ethelyn Miller, Iota Officers of Convention Committee ...... 10 Taal Volcano, P. I...... 11 Emma Elizabeth Kinne, Epsilon Our Bond in the Far East ...... 17 Bess M. Anderson, Epsilon Nelle Beggs, Epsilon Edith L. Kupfer, Epsilon A Glimpse Into Japan ...... 25 Mabel Marion Chubb-Bailey Greetings From Porto Rico ...... 31 Annie A. Rowe, Delta The Genius of the Future ...... 34 Elsie Fellows White, Alpha The Convention of -1913 ...... 38 Violet ...... 39 Emily Peace Meader, Alpha An Experiment in Co-operation ...... 44 Clio M. Chilcott, Alpha Come up a Mile and Smile Awhile ._...... 50 In Memoriam ...... 51 Subscriptions for Year 1912-1913 ...... ·...... 52 Editorial ...... 53 Chapter Letters ...... : 54 Personals ...... ·...... 66 P an-Hellenic Notes ...... 75 College Current Events and Exchanges ...... 79 Adverti ements ...... ·...... 84

NOBLE WOMANHOOD VS. RUSHING SEASON W1·itten for The Crescent of Gamma Phi Beta at the re­ quest of the Gmnd Editor. Published in the Pan-Hellenic Number, October 1911.

FROM THE VIEW POINT OF ANY SORORITY WOMAN ''Earth's noblest thing, a woman prefected,'' may be con­ sidered to express the foundation purpose of every sorority. Though given varied expression in our rituals and variously symbolized in our insignia, yet the effort of all sisterhoods is toward the same achievement- noble womanhood. And like­ wise, the girl we want is the same in each group. She must typify, actually or potentially, the social, · intellectual and spiritual qualities which blend in noble womanliness. The girl who possesses these qualities may present herself in two guises, the girl to whom we may give, and the girl from whom we may receive, help. And, similar again, is the love we bear our sorority, what­ ever her name or emblem- that love which is not only senti­ ment but involved principles, and upon that elevated ground every sorority member commands the fellowship of every other Greek woman. With these like phases in mind the evils of the present rushing system come vividly before us. We all recognize in that something which we call atmos­ phere, a force, subtle, pervasive and unconsciously influential. P eter, while warming his hands at the enemy's fire, was in­ fluenced by atmosphere, and denied his Lord ; so we, in the deceptive warmth of surface considerations, are wont to think of acquiring for our chapter, wealth, individual beauty or popularity, and an atmosphere of social recognition based upon these things. But when the name of our sorority be­ comes a synonym for college social position it is well to ex­ amine searchingly into the spiritual condition of the chapter. To these false estimates is added, in many places, the haste due to a short ru bing sea on, and the hamperings of Pan- 8 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

Hellenic agreements too often unwisely framed with a view to preventing freedom of intercourse between sorority girls and those whom they should wish to know well. Do we stop to ask ourselves what are the objects to be at­ tained in rushing~ Is it not as thorough an acquaintance as possible with the new student, her standards, her manner, her surroundings, and, providing she prove pleasing to us, the winning of her to our membership~ But should not this winning be based upon personality and congeniality, and not upon the lavish display and eyident expenditure given our rushing parties~ The tproposition calmly :considered-the girl who accepts our invitation to membership upon the basis of the cost and elaborateness of our functions is scarcely a girl calculated to maintain the high standards of our ideals or to manifest the type of womanhood which we so proudly claim for the members of our society; and yet, persistently, our expensive parties-not elaborate in the clever use of our wits, m\nd you, but in mere, ostentatious, competitive outlay of cash- contradict the spirit of our sisterhoods, and extend to the freshman the opportunity, nay importunity, to value us upon that very basis. And again, in the fear of losing a desirable girl, we stoop to infringements of the spirit of our Pan-Hellenic contracts, we condescend to slander or pick flaws in the fair fame of our sister societies, and we adopt measures incompatible with the tenor of the solemn vows we have taken to represent that honour which is finer than honesty, and that sisterhood which is universal in Christ. And after pledge-day, what then~ Shall we manifest that "thorough-bred spirit" which expresses respect, good-will, and which is congratulatory, to our sister sororities~ Shall we maintain an attitude of frjendliness toward the girl who was not elected, and who, on her side, may have feelings which were hurt, pride which was lacerated, and who, for all her non­ election, may be worthy of friendship: and social diversion? Splendid indeed are the rewards which accompany the NOBLE WOMANHOOD vs. RUSHING SEASON 9 fulfillment of sorority ideals. Dignity, poise, serenity, a life enriched, broadened and ennobled with the lessons and ex­ periences wrought into character by sympathetic friendships; all of these come in glorious fruitage to the sorority woman who lives close to her ideals. ETHELYN MILLER, Iota of Sigma Kappa. OFFICERS OF CONVENTION COMMITTEE

DENVER, COLORADO Chairman ...... Ethelyn Miller, 416 Humboldt St. Vice-Ohai1·man ...... Mrs. Merrick Edwards, 2655 Ash St. Sec1·etary ...... Isabel Sprigg, 2149 High St. Treasu1·er ...... Amy Dinsmore, 127 Acoma St...... TAAL VOLCANO, P . I. Thinking back over two years, the recollection of our visit to Taal Volcano is not as clear in all its details as I might wish, but I will try to give you some idea of the novelty of the trip. It was the opening event of a two weeks' house party which we were holding at our provincial home. Friends from Manila had just arrived by boat, and at noon we started, a fine pro­ cession of eight carretelas and sixteen people. But I forget that you do not know the carretela. Imagine a framework for a cart, about four feet long and three feet wide with a bamboo floor, foot-high slats all around the sides, a rickety top on slender supports, a cane seat with a slat for a back- all this perched upon two wheels and drawn by two diminutive ponies is called a carretela. One writer has termed it the ''two-wheeled nightmare.'' There is no such thing as being comfortable in a carretela, but with this thought in mind, we reinforced ourselves with pillows and blankets for padding, for there are no springs on the "nightmare," and the pro­ vincial roads are rough. As we went clattering down the road we made a brave showing, and once outside the town, our caravan became a nine days' wonder for the natives along the way. A single passing carretela is an event in the "Bosques" and our party with so many American women was remarkable. The fifteen mile ride to Balayan Bay where the town of Taal overlooks the turquoise waters was very en­ joyable. Here we r ested our horses before taking the trail 'to the lake, five miles inland. Though the carretela seems so frail in its construction, its very lightness is its safety over these trails. At one moment one wheel is in a hollow, the next on a hump, and the equilibrium of the passenger is sorely tried. After one carretela had overturned, spilling out our friend from Stanford University and our engineer from ' Bo ton Tech." and our "chow" wagon had narrowly es­ caped a similar fate, we came to the conclu ion that walking was good exercise, an.d clambered out to trudge along on foot. 12 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

About five o'clock we had our first near view of the volcano. When I close my eyes, I can see it now-a low, truncated cone with irregular edges and uneven peaks, blue-gray against a rose-red sky, and set in the midst of a shining lake shot with the last rays of the dying sun. A thin white vapor drifted lazily from the top, casting a fairylike reflection on the water. The foot of the "bombon" and the lower half of the slope were cool, green and inviting-grassy; and wooded with a low, thick growth. But a distinct line of demarcation appeared where the lava and rock formation refused support to vegetable life. Above, the hard, rough, rocky surface was scarred by deep, narrow cuts, and wide ravines. All this met our eyes from the vantage point on the high bluff on the main­ land. Then, gradually, the·sun sank behind us across the bay, the shadow of the hills crept over the delicate green of the rice-fields, the rose tints dimmed to violet and paler shades, twinkling points of light from cocoanut oil tapers in nipa houses and '' tiendas'' pricked the darkness. As we watched, night came upon us suddenly, leaving Taal sombre and for­ bidding, frowning down upon us. Under the shadows of the feathery bamboo we built our fire and had our picnic supper. That enjoyed, pillows, blank­ ets and a disabled guest (with escort) were piled into th~ waiting banca which the eight banqueros then guided out through the winding river, past the opened fish traps, to deeper water. As for the rest of us, with a tall and stalwart Major in the lead and just as tall and brave a '' teniente'' in the rear, we felt our way, Indian file, over the trail, through cane fields, bamboo groves, stumbling over roots of the tough "bejuco", and starting at the bark of the unseen enemy lurk- . ing in the shadows of the nipa ''casas.'' Coming out upon the point where we were to take the banca, we were soon em­ barked upon the silver lake, which danced and shimmered in the moonlight. On our right, Makalod mountain stood like a sentinel guarding the treacherous cauldron which simmered peacefully enough then, but whose frequent ominous rumb­ lings gave reminders of past eruptions and promise of future TAAI. VOLCANO, P. I. 13

boiling over. It was a perfect night and after our two hours' row across the lake, we were reluctant to retire- a simple process which consisted only in choosing a spot on the lake ·shore where the cogon grass was short enough to permit one to spread out a blanket. However, little by little, the out­ stretched forms grew quiet, quips and calls fell upon unhear­ ing ears, and we were asleep under the open canopy with only moon and stars above us. At early dawn, the Major roused us with a pistol shot, and before half past five we were at the crater's edge. It was only t\>yenty minutes' climb through the grass and trees, and twenty minutes more on the steep rocky slope and we looked about us to see the setting moon and the rising sl:m striving for supremacy. In an incredibly short time, broad daylight was upon us and the heat became oppressive. Jt was necessary to begin an immediate descent into the crater if we were to go at all. The inner slope was steep, and difficult to descend. At its highest point the crater wall measured three hundred feet, though in some places it was considerably less. The width of the basin varies from one mile to a mile and a hal£ or more. Several pools of boiling lava constantly give off vapor, and the resulting roar when a stone is thrown into one of them is awe­ some. One of the interesting features of this crater is that these pools are of different colors, red, green and blue. The floor of the crater is comparatively level. The acoustic pro­ perties are remarkable, as the voices of those in the crater, speaking in a conversational tone, may be heard distinctly from the extreme high points on top. If the descent was hard, the return was awful, and the adventurers literally tumbled over the crater's edge and struggled down to shade and water. Collars had been dis­ carded, and hats and clothing were spotted with sulphur. After breakfast and a rest, which meant a nap for the women and a swim for the men, we started on our return to the mainland. With high tide there wa ufficient water in the little Pan ipit river to float u down to Taal, thus avoiding the 14 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE long "hike" over the trail. The homeward drive was rather a silent one, thanks to the weariness of the entire party, but we were satisfied that we had accomplished the object of our trip and had seen, at close range, one of the most remarkable of active volcanoes. * * * * * * * That was in December 1909. On January 30, 1911, Taal Volcano suflered a violent eruption, terrible and disastrous in its effects. For days we had been having earthquakes of more or less severity-from tiny ones which were scarcely perceptible, to the genuine quakes which shook our concrete building like a cradle,-something like three hundred in forty eight hours. But we were not prepared for the monster shock which woke us all in the dead of night and sent us flying to doors and windows to witness a pyrotechnic display which far surpassed any ''Glorious Fourth.'' All Manila turned out to watch the giant fireworks being exhibited fifty miles away. I can only suggest, not describe. A lurid glare lighted the whole soutl;ern sky; sometimes it seemed as if actual tongues of flame darted across the horizon. Then the whole would be obscured by a black pall which was quickly dissipated by the returning ''red-fire,'' and bombs of flame. We stood as if in a trance-there was something so strange and uncanny about it. I cannot yet shake off the "creepy" feeling I had that night. That was the spectacular part of it, but another phase was revealed when reports began to come in from the stricken dis­ trict. Whole villages were wiped out; entire families perished -those on the island being burned and buried under the lava, and those on shore over-taken by the so-called tidal wave. The loss of life was enormous, there being only four survivors of the total population of the island. The country for miles around suffered desolation in loss of" animals, des­ truction of crops, and threatened famine, though relief was prompt and generous. Today, few traces remain to the eye, of the awful ruin of TAAL VOLCANO, P. I. 15 little more than a year ago- thanks to the fertility of the soil and the ease with which the frail dwelli,ngs may be replaced. The one exception to this resurrection is on the island itself. No longer a spot attractive to behold, it is simply a monotonous gray mass of lava, unevenly spread over the whole of its former beauty. The slopes are much more gradual than formerly, but not a green blade or living thing is there. The crater is somewhat larger, and the crater lakes have changed in form. I have not visited the place since the eruption so that this part of my description is from hearsay only. This makes no prete'nse of being a scientific paper, and I fear lest some of my learned friends may call me to account for statements made; but please remember that it is only a -layman's story of some of the things of the Philippines that are "different';_. EMMA ELIZABETH KINNE, Epsilon, '08 .

...... 1·· - .. .. - ... Emma Kinne, E '08; Edith Kupfer, E '10; Bess Anderson, E '09 Taken in Public Square in Manila

These Are Real "Edible" Do~rs, Eaten by the Filipino Natives with Gusto OUR BOND IN THE FAR EAST If Emma Kinne had not been still living in Manila, if Edith Kupfer hadnot been spending her summer vacation in Manila, and if Bess Anderson had not stopped over a few days in Manila en route to Japan, those same three Epsilon sisters would have missed the three best days since graduation. You can better appreciate Emma's delight in a visit from two Epsilon girls when you stop and think that since July 1909, she has been in government service in the Philippines, 10,000 miles from home, receiving Sigma messages and home news not until four weeks after the date of mailing. You can better appreciate Edith's joy and enthusiasm in again meet­ ing a fellow-inmate of the chapter house at Syracuse, after two years of teaching in the Kiukiang mission in China, with her parents. Then imagine if you can the excitement of Bess, on her first ocean voyage, looking forward to meeting those two dear girls in the far East. - On account of the heavy fog and rain the good ship "Mon­ golia" was a day late docking at Manila. Seven o'clock Thursday morning of July 28th found me pacing the deck and nearly bursting with impatience to land. After an hour I finally spied the two girls in the crowd on the wharf, frantic­ ally waving, and as the gang plank was lowered into place, my chum and I were among the first to leave the boat. How our eyes shone, and our tongues flew ! So engrossed were we in each other, it was not until a solemn-eyed, long-horned caribou (beast of burden) sniffed at my elbow, and startled me most to death, that we :finally snatched up our suitcases, and climbed into little two-wheeled carts called calaise. The old city-wall, antiquated Spanish cathedrals and ce­ ment dwellings ·with tiny balconies, damp with mos and vines, haded by palms and lacy pepper-trees, won our admiration at once. The drive to Emma's home took us through the Puerta del Parian dated 1700 ( ~) pa t Bargumbaya Botani­ cal Garden rich in Tropical plant , out to 237 'oncepcion 18 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

Emma's pretty home, which saw little of us in the three busy days we spent in sightseeing. The afternoon was passed on the Escolta or main business street, shopping in the quaint narrow stores, each fronted by a sort of wide window-sill on which the purchaser sits to view the native weaves and embroideries spread out on his lap. The only argument persuasive enough to make us leave the exquisite embroideries was the flatness of our purses; we could buy no more. The evening being cool, and the moon full, we took a street­ car ride along the Pasig River out into the country to a native village or nipo barrio. Here we saw nipo houses built of bundles of palm leaves and reeds, with thatched grass roofs, set up on bamboo stilts, reached by narrow hemp ladders. In the door-yards under giant torn-leaf banana trees, and tall papyas sat swarthy Filipino men and women, in scant cloth­ ing, enjoying their evening cigars and fighting the too familiar mosquitoes. The village queens in their big wiry sleeves and wonderful plaid skirts, were lazily occupied in smoking cigar­ ettes and flashing their white teeth at the U. S. soldiers, who wandered about in search of amusement while off duty from Fort McKinley. The scene was more like a world's fair exhibit than a bit of real life. Next day the visit to Fort Santiago overlooking Manila Harbor was followed by a tour through a native market. The tables were heaped with gruesome vegetables and unheard of fruits; the narrow aisles were crowded with jostling buyers and scores of half-clothed babies, and ubiquitous baskets of all shapes and sizes. The air was laden with never-to-be-forgotten smells of dried fish and eels. Needless to say, we did not linger, but rather fled with the typical American hustle, much to the curiosity of the natives, who, I believe, would rather starve than ever hurry. A drive over the Puenta del Espanol, through the Luenta, or reclaimed bay front converted into a park, past the mil­ dewed stone mission of St. Augustine, the imposing govern­ ment buildings and the University of St. Tomas built about a OuR BoND· IN THE FAR EAST garden court, fed our enthusiasm until we vowed to return £or another visit in the future . . The hours which should have been spent in sleep after strenuous days in so hot a climate were spent in talking over old days in college, and in discussing the whereabouts, aims and accomplishments o£ our Epsilon contemporaries. We all agreed that the thing which rounds off a college course, which; broadens ones views, deepens ones interests in life, is travel­ and girls, let your next trip be to the Philippines. You'll love it! And maybe you'll still find there waiting £or you a dear ~ K girl who has truly earned the degree "Master," or rather "Mistress o£ Hospitality." BESS M. ANDERSON, E, '09.

RuLISON HIGH ScHOOL, KIUKIANG, KIANGSI, CHINA, MAY 27, 1912. MY DEAR SIGMA SISTERS:- Yesterday's mail brought a letter £rom Miss Gilmore asking £or an article, ''About your work or any other Chinese sub­ ject, you may choose,'' and I so want you, my sisters, to know a bit about my life as it is here, and the wonderful promises that the future holds out to us, in this land that is so rapidly and marvelously changing, that I must take this opportunity to tell you. This past winter has been one of thrilling experiences for you know we are scarcely twelve hours from Utuchang, where the Revolution began and where £or almost two months, the fighting was continuous. On the night of October the twelfth, the accidental explosion of a bomb precipitated the revolt, ·which was planned to take place some months later-because the fire it cau ed was next to the Yamen, or official headquar­ ters, and the oldiers thought it was the signal, which had been previously agreed upqn, £or general revolt-and they at once depo ed the Imperiali t in command, hunted all the Manchu dwelling in the city and put them to death, for at 20 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

that time no quarter was given to any representative of the hated Manchu race, by these long suppressed '' Hanren'' as the true Chinese love to call themselves. All schools in Wuchang were closed immediately, and the teachers had great difficulty in getting their students to places of safety. On Friday evening we began to get more details of the trouble, but no one at that time dreamed what the movement really was, nor to what extent it would be carried. On Saturday morning one of the students· arrived from there and was telling something of his experiences in getting to a place of safety. You can judge what the strain was on us with the respon­ sibility of one hundred sixty girls, besides more than a hund­ red women in our Bible Training school, and fully that many more in connection with our hospital, including patients, · nurses and servants. No one could tell what the Imperialists would do, nor where the soldiers here would stand, in case the. revolt became more than local. And knowing as we did that the mass of the army was controlled by men ruled by heathen impulses, we feared for what is more than life to our girls-their virtue. On Saturday and Sunday the Kiukiang people were :fleeing to the mountains with their possessions. Monday, some of the parents came for their girls and we allowed about fifty to go to their homes. Late that night the Consul sent a note advising us to come to the Foreign Concession, so we aroused our girls and women and left our compound about eleven o'clock with_ over three hundred people. If I live to be a hundred I shall never forget that death-like ' march to the foreign settlement over a mile avvay and the unlocking of the many gates, en route. No sound was heard except the slow steady tread of that long procession. They walked so slowly because some .were ill, the little children were so sleepy, and the most of them had had bound feet, that it was after one o'clock before we came into the Concession. Although nothing happened that night we recognized the OuR BoNn IN THE FAR EAsT 21 necessity of closing our work. So early the next morning we began to disperse and continued this for several days until provision was made for everyone. After about two weeks of living on the Concession, we foreigners were allowed to return to our home within the native city. Early in November, I went to Hankow with Doctor Stone to visit the Red Cross hospitals. While there I saw something of the horror ·of real war, and though glad for that experience, I hope I may not have it repeated. As you remember the slogan of the Boxer movement was "Kill the foreigners and burn foreign property." Now what a change ! The Chinese who have never turned to us pre­ viously, have come to our compounds for protection. In­ stead of being in danger we have been repeatedly assured that we ourselves and also our porperty should not be touched­ and it is wonderful how the Republicans have fulfilled this promise even in the far interior. Since April first we have re-opened school with an attend­ ance of over a hundred and fifty girls, with many more apply­ ing for entrance in the fall. The work we give in the school begins with the kindergarten and we complete a full four year High School course, with the addition of a complete course in the Bible and Chinese Classics. We have visited all our day-schools in the district-one is over a hundred miles from here, and the opportunities for advancing our work are little short of miraculous, for every place is begging for workers to come to them-to tell them the wonderful story of the Christ! I can not tell you how it seems to watch the faces of the ones who are hearing it for the first time; for it is indeed a strange doctrine that means as much for a woman as for a man. If any woman doubts the power of Christ, she should visit a heathen country and ob­ serve the po ition of womankind there, as compared with her po ition in Christian lands, and I am convinced her doubts would vanish. J u t now, "hile all is in thi plalltic state, our opportunities are immea urable. onsider how our Kiukiang work now 22 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE touches three provinces with a population of over eighty-five miH'ion souls-the most of whom are waiting for the ''good tidings'' we know so well. Do you wonder we feel the great need of a general as well as a definite call to prayer, both for means to carry forward the work already started-and to enter new fields; as well as the great need of more workers, for our force is so pitiably small, compared with the great­ ness of the task. We m~~st have help, or we shall lose the greatest opportunity that the Christian Church ever had­ and I'm sure if you could only know the joy there is in His service-you yourselves would not count it a sacrifice to come and help your sisters, who are so eagerly awaiting the mes­ sage you could bring them; for I am just beginning to fathom the deep significance of our motto-'' One heart, one way''­ for with our hearts in harmony with Christ's purpose, there can but be ever-increasing joy as we tread life's pathway. Such, my dear Sigma girls, is my experience- and that you may all have the same joy and peace in your work wherever it is-is the wish of Your Sigma Sister, NELLE BEGGS......

KIUKIANG, CHINA. DEAR SISTERS IN SIGMA: Sister Gilmore has written pleading for a letter from China. I had hoped to get out of it, but since Sister Beggs has complied with Sister Gilmore's request, I fear I must perforce follow her example. First of all, I must beg of you not to scan my letter critical­ ly, as two years of teaching primary subjects to yellow-faced Celestials do not improve one's style of composition. As I don't think Sister Beggs has told you where we live, I will do so. Kiukiang is an open port on the Yangtse River, four hundred and fifty miles from Shanghai. How would any of you like to live so far away from the nearest department store ? If I suddenly discover I need some baby ribbon or OuR BoNn IN THE FAR EAST 23 hairpins, I must patiently sit down and wait a full week for them. Father's College, where I teach, is within the native city, that is, within the walls. Every night at ten, the gates are locked, yet a few ten-cash pieces and father's card prove an open sesame. From where I am sitting now, I can see Sister Beggs' room over in theW. F. M. S. Ladies' Home, di­ rectly back of us. We are fortunate in being on a large cam­ pus which extends to the city wall, so no odours, rather mal­ odours from the fields and native houses can reach us. The Californian sisters who have gone through Chinatown in San Francisco know what a blessing that is: The other foreigners live in the Concession which is on the river bank, about a mile from us, well guarded with a high wall and heavily barred iron gates. During the worst stage of the revolution it was thought best for mother and me to move out into the Concession. For two weeks previous, we had gone out every night, a coolie in front with a lantern (for of course the feeble burning oil lamps are few and very far between) and father with loaded revolver. Father, however, r emained on the compound to pro­ tect the property from looters. The nervous strain was too great to remain within the city. Imagine suddenly at ten o'clock just as you were retiring, the gate keeper would rush in with the startling news, that in half an hour several hund­ r ed Imperial soldiers would arrive at the south gate, the city gate at one end of our compound and between us and the for­ eign Concession. If you delayed too much in gathering up your valuables, the revolutionary soldiers, not being able to check the advance of their enemies, would start to loot and kill the foreigners and so get the Imperial government into trouble. Several scare like the above would be ufficient to make you long for a more peaceful abode. \Ve enjoyed our three months in the Conce sion very much. The only available place was a hulk, that i. , a di carded teamer connected by pontoons with the land. It was quite comfortable, though the tiny bedroon that mother and I hared made m long for my own twenty feet square room. It wa 24 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE worst of all in rough weather, when we had to resort to mak­ ing caramels or fudge in order to avoid noticing the rolling of our home and becoming seasick. Waves eight feet high make themselves felt. The Chinese are changing very rapidly. Within a radius of a few miles of the river ports, all have discarded the queue and many men are adopting foreign dress. And such clothes as they wear! Recently a suit made over from a sky blue figured satin long coat was seen. The proud wearer was sporting redding-brown shoes, the latest shade, and a four­ inch high collar much the worse for several weeks' wear with­ out being laundered. A necktie was lacking, as that is con­ sidered an unnecessary article of dress. Yet in the interior there are millions who haven't even heard an echo of the revolution. When it reaches their ears that the Emperor has been deposed, the only human being who can directly intercede with Heaven on their behalf, it is feared they will so feel the need of a mediator that they will rise up and restore him to his throne. That would mean con­ tinued fighting, which we all pray will not take place. I fear my letter has already extended beyond its prescribed limits, so I must stop. When this reaches you, I expect to be with Sister Kinne in Manila. She "'~ ill be the first Epsilon sister that I have seen since graduation, two long years ago. What a glorious reunion we two will hold! Wishing you all as pleasant a summer as I hope to have ·with sister Kinne, I am as always, Yours in the Bond, EniTH L. KuPFER, E, '10. A GLIMPSE INTO JAPAN

DEAR SIGMAS: . It would be impossible for me to give more than a glimpse into Japan, with its art treasures, its temples, its natural beauty and the picturesqueness of its people. To me, except for the art galleries and the historical settings with which our ancestors were intimately c onnected, a triJ? to Japan is much more worth while than a trip to Europe, for J apan is still in a state of transition from medieval customs and manners to modern, while the antique in Europe is, after all, largely a matter of restoration to attract the unwary tourist. On our inland trip from Kobe to Kioto, thence to Tokio and Nikko, we were more impressed with the advance Japan has made in her railway system than with almost anything else modern. The J apanese government owns and operates the railroads. They use the European system of compartment cars, and with the exception of the Imperial Express, the conductors and newsboys are found at the various depots in­ stead of on the trains. What a r elief to be free from the in­ cessant nasal twang of the American newsboy and peanut vender with war es at "Five cents a bang"! It is impossible to be carried past one's station in J apan, for at each depot there are signboards indicating the next stop in each direction. These signs are written in E nglish as well as in J apanese. It i practically impossible for anyone to be injured by the train at the stations, for in order to cross a track in chang­ ing cars, one must climb a stairway and across a bridge. One steps from the covered platforms directly into the coach. Only once was an exception made to this rule : We were on our way from Nikk_o to Yokohama and had to change cars at orne mall tation. I was carrying the ticket that day and " alked lei urely with the Japanese crowd over the bridge. I wondered why the girls in our party did not overtake me. But when I reacl1ed the other ide I aw at once that some­ thing unu ual had happened. Our train wa late o the official had rushed the girl acros the track and now the 26 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE five were holding the train by being neither on nor off until I should arrive with the tickets. Needless to say, I was glad I had the tickets or I should have missed that train ! There are three grades of tickets and the rates for first­ class tickets are just about one-half the price they are in America. We usually went second class in order t.o study the people. In this way I met a Japanese author who has since sent me an autographic copy of his book on the moral uplift of the Japanese youth! Instead of having seats in the coaches as we have, there are benches on each side. If the car isn't crowded, one can lie at full length and have a sleep. The night we ·were going from Kioto to Tokio, we sat in the so-called smoking compartment, a tiny room with seats just for four. Smoking is allowed in all compartments, men and women indulging at pleasure. We sat up that whole night with just forty winks now and then in order to see Fujiyama in the full burst of early dawn. Our vigil was rewarded by a most wondrous view of that truly splendid mountain. At nearly every station one can buy fruits or lunches put up in dainty boxes, and a pot of tea for a few cents. Por two cents one gets the hot tea, pot, cup and all- the pot holds enough for two persons if one of them isn 't very thirsty. There are diners on the through trains, but everything is on a miniature scale. There is but one drawback to the Japanese railroad system and that is the black Nagasaki coal they use­ the cinders and soot seem terrible after our western oil burn­ ers. It is really easier to travel in Japan than it is in San Francisco. Most of the officials and many of the travellers can speak English, and everywhere one receives the most courteous treatment. Just for instance-one of the girls and I were going to Nara from Kobe. W e would have missed our train if a boy had not run with us to show us the way over the railroad bridge. W e got on the train and then just as we were starting, another young man handed us a slip of paper containing the names of the places of interest in the town to A GLIMPSE OF JAPAN 27 which we were going. He had perhaps heard us buying tickets and had hastily made this useful list for us. I could not but compare our treatment of foreigners and strangers with that received by us in Japan. This was our first day inland-the most exciting day of all with a wild race in jinrikishas to catch our boat at night. The route from Kobe to Nara lies through fertile valleys arid wooded dales and hills. It is true we passed through the great city of Osaka, but generally there are only villages. We had to change cars at one of these villages. Since we had to wait twenty minutes we thought it a good time to dine. There were the usual lunches for sale, but nobody seemed able to speak English in this remote spot. I asked for tea but no one understood. Finally by a series of pantomimes they brought us a bottle of milk, but when we shook our heads, they then came with a cunning little pot of hot tea. Then I asked for a sandwich­ but again was greeted by a blank stare. Luckily the Oriental word ''chow'' occurred to us and soon we were in possession of the daintiest lunch and box of deliciously cooked rice. The natives crowded around to see us eat. They were much amused with our efforts to eat with chopsticks and goodnaturedly undertook our education in the matter. They were all so interested and kind that we were almost sorry when our train came. In the coach which we entered we found a Japanese mining engineer who had taken two years of post­ graduate work at the University of Minnesota. He and his pretty little sweetheart took us in charge when we reached Nara-the home of the gods, the spot ideal for poets and lover ! We had a delightful afternoon feeding the sacred deer and the gold fish, watching a dance at a temple, and \\ alking about the parks and lanes of Fairyland. It is at Nara that the lover ' tree grow . This was decorated with all ort of little note and petitions to the godde s of love. There i an immen e Diabut u at ara, but it is not nearly o impre ive a the Buddha at Kamakura. It wa with regret that w left ara, but each of u carried away the re olution to return orne other golden day. 28 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

One is perfectly free from fear of all kinds in Japan. The women and children wander about, enjoying life to its fullest, with no bustle or . hurry to avoid automobiles and trams. Walking, or driving in jinrikishas are the usual methods of sight seeing in the city streets. Japan is the paradise for children- gay little butterflies that they are. Everyone, men, women and the larger children, seem intensely devoted to the babies. They are allowed to play in the street at all times­ there is nothing to hurt them. One evening in Kioto we walked along Theatre street, which is the great promenade in that city. The street was packed with pleasure seekers of all ages, but the most attractive sight I saw was two little children, aged about two and four years, respectively, hand in hand, walking along with their little Japanese lanterns, just as unconcerned and as joyous as if they owned the whole world. There are probably more babies per capita in Japan than anywhere else in the world. The little children are dressed in gay colored kimonas, but the school boys wear white uniforms. The school girls are dressed in simple .dark red skirts over gray kimonas. No heartaches there over the best dressed girls in school when everyone is in uniform ! The women all dress in sober blues or browns or grays, but usually have heavily brocaded obis around their waists. The dress problem in Japan is a simple one. There are no expen­ sive Easter hats to buy, no patent leather shoes or silk stock­ ings. Their own shiny black hair with fancy combs is head-dress enough; their sandals are either of grass or of wood, and their stockings, when they wear any, are spotless white of ankle length. Their comp l exio~s are splendid and they look the picture of health and happiness. The men, strange to say, are in a state of transition from old to new-one sees elegant gentlemen in silk kimonas with American hats and shoes, others in full American dress, others with sandals and the tight breeches of Japan-still others with nothing either ancient or modern! A GLIMPSE INTO JAPAN 29

There is nothing I could more desire for my Sigma Kappa sisters than that t~ey take the trip to Japan-the trip across the Pacific and the ·· beautiful Inland Sea are alone worth while the time spent away from home. MABEL MARION CHUBB-BAILEY. Columbus Cross Spot where he landed in 1493 GREETINGS FROM PORTO· RICO

DEAR SIGMAS : You are all invited to a house party in Porto Rico for the summer! I sat on the shore the other evening watching a scene of which I never tire- the wonderful great palms stretch­ ing over the ocean in the moonlight-and I thought how fine it would be if we could have a Sigma house party right there, and I imagined us sitting on those rocks singing ''Mystic Bond.'' Just pretend for a few minutes that you came. We would take a house there on the beach just at the edge of a large cocoanut grove with some beautiful mango hills in the back­ ground. Like all other houses here, it would have no win­ dows in it, just numerous large doors opening on to balconies all around it. If it rains you simply have to close the doors and sit in the dark. Though you might at first think your house was not very comfortable, you would soon decide it wa a mansion compared with some of the palm roofed neigh­ boring huts. After you had feasted your eyes on the Porto Rican scenery for a time and were r eady for fun, we would have to go in swimming some evening, or early in the morning before the sun is high if you preferred. If you are afraid of sharks, which come into our harbor in great numbers, you can be very well protected in a native bath enclosure. These people build a small bath house at the edge of the water and from it is built out into the water a sort of fence of palm leave to make an enclosure about ten by twenty feet. They bathe in these small places without fear of the sharks, and look in horror on us Americans who risk our lives in the open waters. Now it i understood if you come down that you will not obj ct to being watched and admired by your Porto Rican neighbor . An American is still a curio ity to them and you may expect them to be intere ted in every move you make. If you have upper on the beach orne evening they will form a circle around you and observe the whole performance, and- 32 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE say it softly-the little ones will come in their birthday clothes. Suppose ypu take a little walk into Mayajuez some evening, if you are tired of the beach and want to get away from the sand fleas for a time. (Don't mind the fleas though, you will soon get accustomed to them as you do to the four-inch cock­ roaches and the rats that you thought at first were black cats.) As you walk along the road toward town you are expected to greet anyone you may meet as that is an old Spanish·custom and to meet anyone on a country road with­ out a '' Buenas noches '' would be very unfriendly. Along this road you will see a great many typical huts and one glance into them will reveal a hammock or two stretched across the room where the children are asleep for the .night, the mother and girls of the family sitting by a little oil lamp crocheting your iace edging of six or seven cents a yard, and the father comfortably smoking. Here and . there on the street will be an old woman smoking a cigar, a musician ( n with his guitar and a crowd around him dancing, and stands where wome"n are frying indigestibles over a little charcoal stove. When you finally reach the main street of Mayajuez, you will see two street car lines. One car has one seat and is drawn by one horse, but the other is much more modern and has four seats and two horses. Unless you are real tired we will not board the car but will walk to save time. You will be interested in seeing everything that everybody is doing in the houses on the main street. The doors of the .living rooms open directly on to the thoroughfare and as ·the doors are always .open there is no privacy to the home whatever. Probably as you walk along here you will meet some big healthy looking man with an umbrella up this fine starlight night-for all nights are that. in Porto Rico. He is one of those who have not been educated away from the idea that night air is dangerous, and he is taking all possible care to avoid it. If you are out late enough to see the people coming from the theatre, which w~ll be aft~r twelve since nothing in GREETINGs FROM PoRTO Rwo 33 that line begins before nine or ten, you will see some of the women with their handkerchiefs or scarfs held closely over their mouths lest any of this air penetrate to their lungs. All the way home they will hold them there without even daring to say a word. Now we will go to the "Plaza." Here in this big open square the young people gowned in their finest-which is de­ cidedly showy but seldom very fine- walk back and forth until one wonders how they can walk across once more. Those # who have beaux are supposed to walk here with them-that is provided they are properly chaperoned. For a young woman and young man, even Americans, to be seen walking together unchaperoned even in the middle of the day is hardly tolerated here. It borders on heathenism the way young women are guarded in some of these homes. I know of one young woman of one of the finest families who did not speak one word alone with the man she married until after their mar­ riage. But you are tired now and ready to go back and you have heard all the compliments you can endure for some time, for every Porto Rican man you have passed has by means of some one of the innumerable Spanish synonyms for ''pretty'' ex­ pressed his appreciation of your beauty. He may not have agreed with himself when he said it, but he thought you would be offended if he neglected to compliment you as you passed so invariably he remarks ''Que Americana bonita ! '' Que Mona!'' or ''Que lindissima ! '' Now, will you come? Yours in the Bond, ANNIE A. RoWE, Delta. THE GENIUS OF THE FUTURE Specially written for ''The Musical Observer" BY ELSIE FELLows WHITE, Alpha Reproduced by Permission of the Publishers We hear a great deal about ''genius'' nowadays, in connec­ tion with matters musical. The phenomenon itself is less frequently observed; it is, in fact, so rare as to be regarded by the more conservative as a thing of the past, associated only with the history of music, having no place in modern life. There is a certain philosophy which teaches that possibilities are facts, i. e., that whatever may reasonably take place, or exist under natural laws, at a certain time actually does take place and exist, under these conditions. If this be true, we have as good a right to our Mozart, Paganini, or Liszt today, as had the world of yesterday. What is more, genius, like theirs, lives or lurks among men, constantly; undiscovered, yet mighty in possibilities . . Being so rare an occurrence, true genius (like that of the boy Mozart) offers a fascinating topic for discussion. It is as unexpected as the Cullinnan diamond; as inexplicable as Halley's comet; only the comet, to be sure, may be predicted, while genius cannot. It is comparable. to the discovery of a new fixed star in the heavens. Where, then, shall it be found; how recognized; and,· what is more important, how aided and developed? Will it" be free or bound; favored; or handicapped by the conditions of mod­ ern life? Is the man or woman possessing it going to be given a ''square deal''? In what locality, and under what circumstances, will it appear? The number of our Conservatories and Schools of Music increases yearly. Like mines, and mining prospects, they pursue many promising veins, and often strikes gold. They develop talent to an admirable extent, according to ever im­ proving, and ever more scientifically ordered method. But THE GENIUS OF THE FuTURE 35

of all these '' mu_sic mines,'' excellent as they are, I would rather "take stock" in the Music Settlement Schools, with a view to future dividends. Their researches lie in· unexplored ground, among the children of the poor, and the enterprise is one of infinite promise. I am told that remarkable talent and enthusiasm are shown by the pupils. Although no one may pre-dict when, or where, the genius of the future will appear, these busy and blessed workers of the Settlements will surely recognize it, and hold out helping hands. Theirs is the privilege of lessening the handicap of ignorance, poverty, and toil, that these young souls must face · and overcome. Imagine Schubert, for instance, slaving all day long in a sweat shop, over some half-finished shoddy suit. of clothes; a needle and thread in his hand, the Erlkonig storming through his brain, and his soul, like the dying child's, harassed by visions of beauty, inexpressible, yet hopelessly alluring,­ beckoning him from the weary path of duty to unattainable heights. Imagine Beethoven, toiling at the pavements; lifting and laying cobblestones for less worthy feet to tread upon; hope­ less, helpless, exhausted; ignorant even of the language spoken in this land of strangers, while conscious ever of the power to speak unutterable things in that only universal language of the heart,-music. Consider him, possessing no hour of the day to call his own, no strength beyond that demanded by uncea ing toil; yet at heart,-Beethoven! Many of the great artists have spruhg from humble peasants, such as toil in gangs on our city streets. Everyone is conscious, at times, of a vague capacity for great things. One of the most prosiac men imaginable once confessed that he had always longed to lead a cavalry charge. Though appearances certainly belied it, he might have proved another Sheridan. · Our inclination grow with our capacity. How keen, there­ fore, must be the uffering of tho e who are pre-eminently gifted when circumstanc hinder them from following their natural bent. 36 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

Talent is versatile. A talented person can do many things cleverly; but a genius is, I believe, born for but one purpose, and if free, will follow, and fulfil it. A favorite reasOJl given by children when asked why they have done certain things, commendable or otherwise, is ''Be­ cause I had to.'' This is why the artist labors at his self­ imposed tasks. One of the essential differ ences between genius and talent is this-that genius works voluntarily. The dif­ ference between the voluntary and the forced spirit is an im­ portant one, and affects vitally the artistic achievement. Genius works because it "has to," and knows no compulsion. To the supremely gifted, work is not merely congenial, it is necessary. Neither ambition, nor obligation, neither poverty, pride, nor any practical or personal motive will suffice to urge the completion of a work of art. It has been sp,id that one of the distinguishing marks of genius is a resemblance to instinct, like that of birds, or bees­ an intuitive knowledge which impels to infinite labor. Genius is more than eternal patience. I would put it thus-eternal patience is the test of genius. Thus a great spirit is, in a way, independent of its environ­ ment. It fights its way unconsciously, and like a growing plant, has power to make way for itself. But there must be soil for the plant to grow in, and air, and sunshine, or it will die. And the more suitable the environment, the more per­ fect the flower. To write, paint, play or sing well, one must be master of one's time, free as to the present, and untroubled as to the future. For to what end are gifts, education and training, if the possessor must turn to manual labor for a livelihood ? The lives of Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert are commonly (mistakenly, I think) cited as examples of utter tragedy and disappointment. In many respects they were comparatively prosperous. They had time, a certain amount of sincere ap­ preciation, a few good and sympathetic friends, and they lived in an atmosphere where art was understood, and great examples were available. Yet who knows what the world has missed, as well as THE GENIUS OF THE FUTURE 37 gained, in the lives of all great men 1 In so far as they were poor, hindered, and disappointed, they were incomplete. They might have done more, had circumstances been more kind. Beethoven deaf, sick, and sorrowful, 'vas Beethoven marred and imperfect. I maintain that to write good tragedy, one needs, not to be tragic, but to be comfortable. Such works of the imagination depend more upon memory and intuition for true knowledge, than upon instant experience. We can imagine no greater composer than Beethoven, yet his gifts might have burst into yet more perfect fl wer and fruitage amid conditions of health and sunshine. The great heart was full of the tragedy of Life; it needed no misfortune, no stunning blow or withering disease to convince the artist of that which he already knew. What, then, would be the ideal environment for genius? The same that plants grow best in; good soil, sunshine, and warmth, freedom and cultiv.ation. In other words, comfort, cheerfulness and culture. And, above all, happiness. The modern world reverses the old saying, ''Be good and you'll be happy." Wiser people say, nowadays, "Be happy and you'll be good." That is the most beautiful part of the Settlement work, that it makes poor people, and especially children, happier. Every talent is worth cultivating, no matter how insignifi­ cant. Not everyone can be a genius, and it is better that they cannot. But everyone should record him or herself, in some manner. The word "fo sil" should no longer be used as a term of reproach. To all human records, be they ever so slight, the lapse of time lends value, like the delicate imprint of fern or shell upon the stone. Everyone hould acquire some mean of expression ; either by m an of inging, playing, writing, or some other spiritual af ty-valve. W11o know what desperate deeds have been wr aked harmle ly upon the keyboard, or what hair-raising con£ ion wr1m0' from tortured tl·ing ? Iu ic i the greate t peacemaker and unifier that the world po es, and its introduction into the live of the very poor will bring to them and to us benefit beyond knowledge. THE CONVENTION OF 1913 The convention of 1913 is the last of our annual sessions, and mueh business must be transacted. But we want above all else, to recreate the spirit of early Alpha, to see her traditions made luminous, to realize that Sigma's beautiful simplicity is the result of profound ex­ perience, that our love for her is not only sentiment but in­ volved principles, and we want to experience to a greater degree than ever before the appreciation that our ritual is the foundation fabric of a nation-wide organization, working with one heart- one way, towards the fruition of her ideals and the manifestation of all that is noble and excellent in womanhood. Will you come, then, daughters of Sigma, from the east and the west of this broad land of ours,-come to our Queen City next summer, each prepared to give of her best, and without prejudice, to accept and profit by the best that others have to give~ CONVENTION COMMITTEE, Colorado Alttmnae of Sigma Kappa. VIOLET Used by permission of Words from the German of , C :W. Thompson & Co., Pub. HOFFMAN VON FALLERSLEBEN EMILY PEACE MEADER

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BY CLIO M. CHILCO'rT, CHARLESTON HIGH ScHOOL, BosTON Reproduced from The Journal of Education by permission of the editor. It is becoming recognized more and more that ethics, psy­ chology, and sociology reflect in equal proportion essential phases of life's development. In my college days these sub­ jects came to me in a well-balanced group and the importance of them all made a marked impression upon me; yet as I think of it now, I marvel that the expression they have been given in my teaching has been so unequal. Every teacher is sure, all the way along, to emphasize strongly the ethical; beyond that, my teaching has previously been, not too much, but too entirely a matter of applied psy­ chology; I have been neglecting the sociological side. In training a pupil for "behavior," to use James's expression, we are indirectly training him for society, but we are not giving him the direct training in society that it is possible to give in our little schoolroom communities. The following quotation from Professor John Dewey's "School and Society" will make my meaning quite clear. ''A society is a number of people held together because they are working along common lines, in a common spirit, and with reference to common aims. The common needs and aims demand a growing interchange of thought and a growing unity of sympathetic feeling. Upon the playground, in game and sport, social organization takes place spontaneously and inevitably. 'l'here is something to do, some activity to be carried on, requiring natural division of labor, selection of leaders and followers, mutual co-operation a~d emulation. In the school-room the motive and cement of social organization are alike wanting.'' Within a comparatively short time four strong influences have been brought to bear. upon me. Dr. Colin A. Scott's book ''Social Education'' is one of them. Few Looks have AN ExPERIMENT IN Co-OPERATION 45 given me the same degree of inspiration in my work that that has done. It makes one realize that the teacher's field of action is ever growing broader, and while it is a guide up to a certain point it leaves one with the feeling that one must after all "work out his own salvation" and that no time should be wasted in setting about it. I have had an unusual opportunity to observe the splendid results of_co-o.perative work done in our own school in the his­ tory classes of Miss Lotta A. Clark, who has been one of the pioneers along that line in Boston. The initiative, the sug­ gestiveness, the sense of responsibility, the helpfulness of her pupils is remarkable and is bound to set one thinking. Last year Professor Zelenka, a Russian, came to America to study educational methods. At a more or less informal gath­ ering in Boston he described the group-work in the school where he had been teaching in Moscow and that of a school he had visited in Brussels. He told how one of his own pupils who had been deficient in his work was tried by one group after another, and rejected by each in turn on account of his lack of earnestness of purpose. He was then encouraged to compete single-handed with all the groups, whereupon his interest and ambition were aroused and he "found himself" with reference to his work. This year the opportunity presented itself of hearing Pro­ fessor Rassmussen speak on co-operation in Denmark. It has been said that Professor Rassmussen has a message for this country. Since the whole society of Denmark is co-opera­ tive, he brings facts and not theories to present to us. P er­ haps the most significant statement made by him was that in the space of fifty years Denmark was changed from the poor­ est country, per capita, in Europe to one of the richest, and that while few people there are now very rich, fewer are poor. This wonderful degree of co-operation, by way of contrast, made me realize, as never before, the lack of co-operation in thi country. Dr. Scott say : ''The consciousness of what worth a man i to other repre ents and measure a large part of hi true 46 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE self." I am convinced that in our schools each pupil is too entirely for himself. A pupil may take a most commendable pride in his own standing, but may have no special interest in the class standard. We have in our hands the men and women of the future, now in a potential stage, and the surest way to effect a greater degree of co-operation in our land is to se"e to it that the spirit of co-operation is aroused and culti­ vated in the lives of these young people. ·· This year I have three classes in :first year mathematics, all of which are diVided into groups. In some cases, there is one leader in each group ; and in some, two. The under­ standing is that if pupils :find that they have failed to grasp what has already been· developed in class, they shall go to their respective group leaders for further explanation, and that if they then fail to understand the principle in question, they shall come back to me. These group-leaders also give special attention to any of their group who fail to keep up to the standard or who have been absent. The benefit is mutual. The pupils who are getting help generally get new light on the subject, and the helper a :firmer grasp upon it. · A lady who is following with interest her daughter's work in one of these classes told me that during the last year of her own grammar school course here in Boston her class was di­ vided in.to two sections, as half of · the members had become delinquent. Each pupil in the section which was doing satis­ factory work was given charge of a pupil in the delinquent section. Her testimony is that questions were freely asked and explanations sought. The delinquents themselves said that they had been ashamed to acknowledge before the class or to the teacher they had not understood certain points. Finally the same examination was given to both sections, on which the delinquent section outdid the other. Teachers of mathematics, generally, it seems to me, are at a loss to know what value to put upon the home-work that is passed in. The vast majority mark it negatively and I am one of that majority, although emphasizing the negative is not in accordance with my pedagogical ideals. This year, AN EXPERIMENT IN CO-OPERATION "47 however, in this group work, I h·ave been able to emphasize to the class the positive side of the home-work. At the be­ ginning of each recitation I take a few minutes to run over with the class the answers to the examples and take an oral report from each member as to the number ri'ght. The· re­ sults are recorded on specially prepared sheets. Then to­ gether we reckon the standing by groups. The pupils themselves get for each group the number of examples for which it is responsible, the total number correct, and the per cent correct, the object being to see which group leads. They have the same kind of interest in this exercise that is felt in following the score of any game. One morning, in the boys' section, when there were ten ex­ amples in the lesson, every boy but one in a certain group had all his examples right. He was among the last to be asked to report ; and, as one after another had responded ''ten,'' there was the same tense and eager look that is seen on the faces at a good baseball or football game. Then came the bad report, and the expressions changed just as when a bad play is made. Those who aim at perfection do so for the sake of the group as well as for themselves. A boy or girl is always chagrined at being responsible for the low standing of a group. On several occasions when pupils have been obliged to be absent, they have sent in their home-work, that the record of their respective groups might be complete. All home work is, of course, :finally passed to me, and this gives an opportunity for verification. The following is a specimen of the reports made up each morning:- No. for Which Group Responsible. No. Correct Average Group I ...... 80 58 73 Group II ...... 70 so 71 Group III...... 80 60 75 Group IV...... 60 43 72 Group \ ' ...... 80 59 74 Class Average, 73. Frequent tests are given, and after each test just such a r ord i made. I try to keep a watchful eye on re ults of 48 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE home-work and tests; and if they pretty nearly correspond, it seems to me that there is little cause for anxiety with refer­ ence to the former. Every class appoints a secretary, and all these reports are kept on record. Each class is eager to know daily the compar­ ative standing of all three classes. Since we have reached the subject of graphs, I have had the pupils represent graphically their individual progress and also their progress by groups and by classes. The group and class curves they plot with different colored crayons on the boards in their home-rooms. At the beginning of another year I shall start them at once on this graphical representa­ tion of their work .. Now as to the results. First and foremost, I have never before had a class, as a class, take such a marked attitude against dishonesty. As a rule, they have sufficient pride in their own groups not to wish any member to be dishonest, and we have had exceptions enough to prove the rule. They have themselves settled well two or three such cases, voting to exclude the offender from the group. Naturally, they will not tolerate for a moment anything of the kind in any other group. Through it all has been the spirit of co-operation, for the development of which this method was originally adopted. A group leader has brought to me after school ceFtain boys in his group who had not been doing good work, and has had them work there on a rather difficult home-lesson, so that they would be on the spot to get troublesome points explained. They kept me after school a half-hour beyond the time that the school law would have permitted me to keep them. A group leader, too, has asked to see the test papers of the mem­ bers of his group so that he might know on just what points they had shown themselves weak. The making up of the report each day has afforded practice in adding quickly and getting per cents and this has culti­ vated accuracy and has helped the pupils to see relative values. The tests, of course, have been the most telling part of the AN EXPERIMENT rn Co-OPERATION 49 work, and the greatest interest. has been centered in them. Keeping before the pupils these tabulated results has made them see the relation that exists between faithfulness in every­ day duties and efficiency when they are put to the test. This method, too, has been invaluable to me personally. It has been like a thermometer which has enabled me to know, day by day, both the temperature of my class and· that of each individual member. It has shown immediately the suc­ cess of the presentation of any subject and the number of presentations necessary. After the full development of a sub­ ject it has never failed to indicate the point where I could safely cease drill with the class as a whole and concentrate upon those still needing it. No experience in my teaching has been such a complete revelation. COME UP A MILE AND SMILE A WHILE Get ready to pack you best powder-puff and your niftiest flounces for Sigma Kappa convenes in Denver next July­ Denver, "The Queen City of the Plains," "The Gem of the Prairies," and "The Convention City" where Everybody convenes. Here, one of the National Democratic Conventions started Mr. Bryan on his last Marathon. Here, Ben Lindsey, the "Kids' Judge," conducted the Juvenile Court which has attained international fame. Here, the skies are bluer, the summers cooler, the stars more twinkly, and the residents less wrinkly than in any other city on this spacious globe. Lambda chapter may dispute that when their turn comes, but that's three long years away, and anyhow this is the only place in the world where there is an uninterrupted view of two hundred miles of mountain range. COME TO DENVER FOR A WHILE. If this were a fraternity you would probably come for a "time," but come and sniff the ozone of the Rockies, help track the elusive prairie dog to his lair, and let Colorado Alumnae show you the time of your lives in DENVER IN JULY. IN MEMORIAM Hall of Alpha Chapter of Sigrna Kappa: Inasmuch as it has pleased God in His infinite wisdom to take from us our beloved sister, Marion Hall Mitchell; and WHEREAS: We are mindful of the loss of a loyal and true sister; be it RESOLVED : That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the family of our departed sister as an expression of our deep sorrow; and be it RESOLVED: That a copy of these resolutions be spread upon the Records of the chapter, and that copies be inscribed in The Colby Echo and THE SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE. BELLE T. SMITH, '13, MABEL A. BYNON, '14, EVELYN S. WHITNEY, '15, Cornrnittee on R esolutions...... SUBSCRIPTIONS ·FOR YEAR 1912-1913 Instead of the usual list printed here there will be sent a notice in each magazine to those who have not paid the sub­ scription for the coming year. EDITORIAL This number contains the first installment of the column devoted to Pan-Hellenic interests. Under the charge of Sis­ ter Grace Ada Small Houlder, we feel assured of its success as an active Pan-Hellenic force. A A A. We are to open in our February Issue a column devoted to questions and answers. This will be conducted by our Grand President, Sister Hila Helen Small, 232 Highland Ave., Somerville, Mass. Any qu·eries regarding Sigma Kappa, · matters of ethical, parliamentary, or business and social im­ portance, may be sent her and she will answer them in the TRIANGLE. This will be a sort of open Question Box and we hope that members and chapters will avail themselves of its helpfulness. A A A Members whose subscriptions expire with either the August or November issues will find a notice in the magazine which it is hoped will act as a gentle reminder and produce immediate results. A A A This invitation was recently received and is extended to all Sigma Kappas: ''Colorado Alumnae with the Iota chap­ ter of Sigma Kappa requests the honor of. your presence at Denver, Colorado, on July 8, 9, 10, 11, 1913.'' The promptness with which Iota has begun its campaign for Convention in 1913, convinces us that the next Sigma· Kappa convention will be thoroughly successful and delight­ ful. May we all accept the invitation! A A A It i with pleasure that we learn that out of our ten active hapter !':iX of them have among their members the president of the ollege Y. W. C. A. A A A A I rry Chri tma and Happy New Year to all! CHAPTER LETTERS ALPHA- COLBY COLLEGE . Address-Foss Hall, Waterville, Me. Dear Sisters in Sigma: Greetings from Alpha at the opening of the new year! College has opened auspiciously this year with a large and good-looking freshman class. At this date Alpha is in the midst of a busy three week's rushing season. Our annual re­ ception, the only large evening party allowed us this year by the local Pan-Hellenic is only three days past. It was given at the home of Sister Florence Dunn, and we trust our freshman guests were impressed by the numbers of splendid alumnae present. All other rushing must occur between 4 :00 and 7 :30 P . M. in order not to conflict with study hours. Scarcely a day goes by without one or more ''small'' parties of four freshmen and four upperclass girls. Tramps in the country, auto rides, teas of all sorts, suppers, and chafing ~ish parties occupy our leisure time, and help us get acquainted with the entering class. Glad were we to hear the tidings from our sister chapters, which Si ter Pauline Hanson brought back to us from con­ vention! Would that we all could take a journey west to con­ vention! Sist r Grace Ada Houlder, who happened to be pay­ ing us a flying visit, ably supplemented Si ter Hanson's report. Sigma is well represented in the college activities this year, having girls in the position of captain of both senior and soph­ omore basketball teams, fiv girls taking part in the senior clas play given Colby Day, and three girls on the Y. W . C. A. cabinet. 'l'he only blot on our happiness i the news of the death of one of our cherished alunmae, Sister Marion Hall Mitchell, '02, of Billerica, Mass., and we ·tend our ympathy to the sorrowino- family. Locally, we are beginning the year under favorable con­ ditions with nineteen uppercla men and one pledg . After CHAPTER LETTERS 55 our pledge day, October 14th, we hope to introduce to you a number of new Sigma Kappa sisters. May the results of this busy rushing season bring us all girls who shall be loyal and true members of the sisterhood. Yours in the Mystic Bond, CLARA E. WINSLOW, '13......

DELTA-BOSTON UNIVERSITY Address-82 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. Dem· Sigma Sisters: Boston University opened the nineteenth of September and found twenty-one of us Sigmas back, ready to work loyally for our college and for Sigma. College activities have commenced with their characteristic strenuousness. On September twenty-seventh was held the annual reception to the entering class, given under the auspices of the Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. No one has yet been found who did not have a very enjoyable evening. October fourth marked the annual initiation of the freshmen girls in­ to Gamma Delta, the society to which all the girls in college belong. The sophomores, who had charge of the affair put the freshmen, attired in various shades of green, cerise, and purple, through a varied course of stunts. We must wait until December to announce to you our fresh­ men, but we take great pleasure now in introducing to you our junior pledge, Helen Fernal, of Newburyport, Mass. This year, Pan-Hellenic allows each sorority two parties, . to be held sometime between now and Pledge Day. Our first party will be held October nineteenth at a cottage near a lake shore and will be an ''all day'' party. Our second en­ tertainment to the fre hmen will probably take the form of an informal dance to be given sometime in December. Our orority home this year is a suite of rooms at 82 Hunt­ ington Ave., Boston, l\Ias . Si ter Joyce Bi bee and Sister arrie Linekin together with our chaperon, fis Barbour, an aunt of Grace Small Houlder, are living there. W e certainly 56 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE shall be glad to welcome there any Sigmas who may be passing through Boston or living near there. One evening, after meeting, our alumnae surprised us with a "shower" for our new home. We feel as all active Sigmas do, that Sigma's alumnae members are second to none. Your in the Bond, KATHARINE E. HILLIKER, '13.

EPSILON-SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY Address-903 University Ave., Syracuse, N. Y. Dem· Sigma Siste1·s: How have you made out with your fall rushingY We Epsilon girls hope you have all been as successful as we have. Our rushing ended about a week ago and, believe me, we all rejoiced when the last party was over, for we had had a most strenuous week and were all rather tired; but we feel fully repaid for everything we did when we consider how fortunate we have been in securing eight such splendid girls to make Sigma Kappas. Let me tell you their names: Margaret Dean, '16 Ruth White, '15, Olive Washburn, '15, Marian Hogan, '16, r ina 1\Iiner, '16, Doris Harwood, '16, Helen Ha brook, '16, Mar­ garet Maxie, '15. We are still keeping our eyes open for good Sigma Kappa material in spite of the fact that we have stopped rushing. La t Saturday night the Y. W. C. A. and Y. 1\I. C. A. had their annual reception for the fre hmen, and tonight the sophomore-fre hman reception is held. This reception is really quite a lot of fun. The ophomore men take the fre h­ man girl and freshman men take the ophomore O'irl . The uppercla men are not allowed to go o they try to get the ophomore and freshman men and haze them, sending them girl on to the reception with uppercla men. Thi afternoon v;·e open the football ea on with Hobart CHAPTER LETTERS 57

College. It is a bright, beautiful day and we hope to see Syracuse carry off the victory. With best wishes for a successful year. Your in the Bond, ELLA L. PAINE, '14.

ZETA-GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Address-2024 G St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Dear Sigma Sisters: During the ~ummer we have been keeping in touch with one another through our "Round Robin." The general impres­ sion that our letters would give is, that most of us have em­ ployed our time in an endeavor to get fat. Even our ''pencil marvel'' insists she is fatter, too. Our rushing season is just over. We enjoyed our stunts very much. The stunt which made us best acquainted with the freshmen was a Progressive Sup.per, which took us from house to house for the different courses. Our dance was given at Mrs. Dyer's and turned out to be a very enjoyable occasion. We also gave a card-party at the home of Marion Craig. Five aspiring pledges are now awaiting initiation, namely : Ruth Abbott, Joanna Best, Marie Gatchell, Margaret Haines and Ethel Llufrio. We feel very much satisfied over the result of our rushing. The freshman-sophomore rush is now a thing of the past and the two classes have settled up all their scores. During the summer the trustees bought the new college building, which we have been in since April, so that now we feel firmly ettled. The whole college was deeply shocked at the sudden death, the week before college opened, of Dean Hough, the dean of th 'reacher's ollege. Dean Hough wa sick only three days. Doctor Ri chard on ha been appointed to fill the chair of P ychology I ft va ant by Dean Hough and Doctor Ruediger take hi place as Dean. 58 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

With best wishes for the success of rushing in all our colleges. Yours in Sigma's Bond, HILDA L. ULRICKSON, '13.

ETA-ILLINOIS WESLEY AN UNIVERSITY Address- 705 E. Empire, Bloomington, Ill. Dear Sisters in Sigma: Greetings to one and all ! School opened this year with less excitemE;Jnt than usual due to the Pan-Hellenic r estriction of rushing the first week, after which rushing is limited to Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Our parties so far have been an informal tea and a break­ fast. A trip to the country home of Sister Anna Lanz, one of our loyal alumnae, is being planned as is our large party which will be a buffet dinner, October 12. Great pleasure is already forseen in the alumnae party which will be a "Barn Party" held October 16, two days be­ fore pledge day, on which eventful day Eta hopes to wel­ come several new girls into the Mystic Bond. With best wishes for a prosperous year. I am yours in Sigma, ELIZA ALEXANDER, '13...... THETA-UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS (No Letter) ...... IOTA-UNIVERSITY OF DENVER Address-P. 0. Box 136, U niversity Pari<, Colo. Dem· Sigma Sisters: Although the excitement of '' rushing season'' is over we are still enjoying the thoughts of it all. · The senior girls who graduated as well as the three who were attracted to other colleges made a great difference in CHAPTER LETTERS 59 the number of active girls. Lorraine Walsh is attending the University of Colorado and although Gertrude Gray and Frost Rector are not with Iota girls, we know they are enjoying Sig­ ma Kappa sisterhood at other colleges. The seven who re­ turned began battle quite resolved to "do or die." The most interesting event was "moving day." House­ keeping is truly one of our accomplishments now for we have the most attractive appartment. There are four cozy rooms, also a modern kitchen and bathroom. Everyone has been in­ terested in seeing things look attractive. And such fun as we had getting settled ! The night of the bon-fire before the first big football game, we are going to have open house. Just before school opened we gave a box party at the Gar­ dens, and an afternoon reception. Our afternoon stunt was a "College Cozy" given September 14, 1912. We all forgot for a while that it was raining dreadfully in our pleasure in meeting new friends. The dance was very much of a success. A hoop dance relieved the formality and the lavender hoops tied with maroon bows gave a pretty touch. W e were all very happy on pledge day when we announced seven pledges. Every bid had been accepted, although several of the girls had been rushed by other sororities. We are going to increase this number as well as apply ourselves more diligently to our book before our initiation. Wishing every chapter -as much good fortune, we are Yours ·in Sigma, CORA EMERY.

LAMBDA-UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Address-2225 College Ave., Berkeley, Cal. Dear iste1·s in Signw Kappa: On the afternoon of September twenty-first, Lambda in­ itiated eight girl , Ella Living ton, Anna Bowden, Emilie Poppe, Tene ampbell and May Donald are of the cla of 1915 · the fre hmen are Ruth Preston, Helen Hopkins and Florence cott. Th banquet wa given in the evening at the 60 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

Hotel Carlton, and a happy and inspiring one it was. Grace Bird distinguished herself as toastinistress. Since initiation we have pledged another charming freshman -Helen Doud from Tacoma, Washington. Gertrude Gray, who is a transfer from Iota, is now an ac­ tive member of Lambda. She is a favorite in the chapter, and we have profited much by her accounts of Sigma at Denver University. The sororities still have the ruling for simple rushing, so we have nothing to tell of except lunches, dinners, and teas. Two engagements were announced at the beginning of this term at "oyster" parties. The first was that of one of our sophomores, Ethel Eveleth, to Lester Uran. The second was the engagement of Francis Marshall and Lester Wigmore. Both affairs were very delightful. We will probably have two weddings to tell of in our next letter. Then on September 13, the chapter gave a formal dance at the Town and Gown Hall. The decorations were large yel­ low chrysanthemums mixed with ferns. The soft yellow light blended in beautifully with the flowers so that the scene of one of the best times we have ever had was a beautiful one. The girls have been much interested in tennis this year. We have had some lively games among the girls, according to the schedule. · Florence Moore, '13, has been elected a member of the Woman's Mandolin Club. Ruth Ware, '13, is chairman of the Social Service Commit­ tee of Y. W. C. A. Natalia Durney, '14, is serving on the Junior Prom Com­ mittee, and Ruth Johnson, '15, is a member · of the Sopho­ more Hop Committee. Eda Colvin, '13, was chairman of the Senior Election Committee. Emile Poppe, '15, is taking part in the production of ''The Campus" that the Treble Clef Society is giving. Lambda sends its heartiest greetings to every Sigma Kappa sister. Yours in Sigma, MILDRED ELVIRA NoRcRoss, '12. CHAPTER LETTERS 61

MU-UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON Address---4738 17th N. E., Seattle, Wash.

Dear S~sters in Sigma: Once more vacation and convention have come and gone. Our delegate, Leila Kohler, '13, has returned to us with fresh enthusiasm. School started with a "rush" for Washington Sigmas for again Mu has moved. This year we are on the BouleYard and we are very happy in our new home. But we ~ad in­ deed to hurry to get settled in time for rushing which com­ mences here with registration. Our first party after the Date-day reception came Tuesday night in the form of a "Country Party" where a general good time was had by all. Wednesday night we had a formal dinner. In the center of the immense table was a large basket of maroon dahlias with long streamers of ribbon to match stretching along the table. Maroon candles, place flowers the same as the center­ piece and dainty hand-painted place cards in maroon dahlias made the dinner table a beautiful sight. Soft strains of music from the little music room enhanced the effect. On Thursday evening Mrs. Padelford was kind enough to open her home to us for a musical. Friday evening we had a children's party and all returned to the ways of our childhood. Saturday aft.ernoon occurred one of the most charming of the rushing "stunts" this year. It was a Progressive Lunch­ eon given by our loyal alumnae. The first course was served at the home of Mrs. Gail Austin Grant, ex-'13; the second at Eleanor Jones's, '10; the third at Josephine Buckley's, '10; and the la t here at the chapter house with Adelaide Moody, '12, and Mr . Padelford as hostesses. The decoration at all the hou e were beautiful and artistic. The second week we had a Chafing Dish party Monday, a Heart Fete Tue day, Wednesday a College Spread. Oh ! I mu t tell you about that for it was fine. The wall of the dining room and den were covered with banner and pennant . The table, which by the way, wa 62 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE spread on the floor, was decorated in purple and gold, our Washington colors and small Washington pennants were used as favors. The principal event of the second week was the vaudeville performance entitled '' B act from the Orpheum, '' which was given Friday night. In this, much hitherto latent talent was displayed to the great enjoyment of audience and performers alike. Many of our alumnae were with us that night and helped us. As a result of our two weeks rushing we have added six " dandy" pledges : Hazel Garrett, '14, Spokane; Dorothy_ Hess, '16, Seattle; Eva Cole, '16, Fairweather Bay; Myrna Jack, '16, Seattle; Frances Southard, 16, Seattle; Marion Southard, '16, . Seattle; Esther Hammond, '16, Seattle; and Marion Maxham, '16, Tacoma. Dorothy and Myrna are the first siste:rs we have had a chance to pledge and we were indeed happy when we pinned on their ribbons. Rushing season is over and now we must settle down to college work but we are sure there is good Sigma material left on the campus yet and so we are going to keep busy and hope soon to add to our list of pledges. Now we are busy planning for our first social event of the year, a Hallowe ;en Dance. Wishing you all a most successful and happy year, • Your in the Bond, GLADYS HAMILTON, '14.

NU-MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE Address-Pearsons Hall, Middlebury, Vt. Dem· Sisters in Sigma: How does it seem to be back again 1 Aren't we all glad that college has opened, and that we are still here? In spite of the clouds and rain that have been with us most of the time, we Nu girls have not at all regretted being back. We are rejoicing in a new member, too. Gladys Wilson, a former Delta girl, visited us last spring, and she was so CHAPTER LETTERS 63 pleased with Middlebury that she decided to finish her col­ lege course here. Those of you who know her can guess how glad we are. But we are feeling very badly because one of our dearest sophomore girls, Clara Dewey, could not come back this year. I expect you are all busy with the rushing season~ Under our present student" rules, we have no rushing. We have just formed a Pan-Hellenic Association, and are hoping great things from it. It is not yet very far advanced, we haven't our constitution yet, even; but that will come soon. I think we shall have very little in the way of real rushing; for the past two years rushing parties have been abolished, and I · imagine Pan-Hellenic will continue that policy, as it has worked very well. But to those of you who are now in the thick of parties, dinners, etc., we send our best wishes for a most successful season. Nu considers herself fortunate in having two of the 1912 girls in Vergennes-only a few miles from us. We have dis­ covered, too, that there is another Sigma sister, an alumna of Epsilon chapter, living in Vergennes, and we are looking forward to a visit from her soon. Yesterday afternoon nearly all the senior girls went on a trip up to Bread Loaf. The road up through the woods, tinged with the autumn colors, and beside a swift mountain stream, was charming; and the view of the surrounding moun­ tains, when we finally reached our destination, was very beautiful. We have done very little so far in the college year, but most of it is still before us, and we are looking forward to many pleasant things. I know that is the case with all of you; and to insure success to every Sigma girl let us make this our motto-" We shall find this year what we seek." Cordially yours in Sigma, PHYLLIS HoPKINs, '13. 64 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

BLOOMINGTON ALUMNAE . Address-706 E. Grove St., Bloomington, Ill. Dear Sigma Kappas: For this winter and the early spring, Bloomington alumnae shall continue the plan of holding bi-weekly meetings which proved so successful last year. So far these have been enter­ tained by Erma Means, Anna Lanz, Vera Gray and Ruth Melluish. Formerly our meetings have consisted of a business ses­ sion, followed by a social hour. From now on we have de­ cided to have literary programs from which we anticipate great benefit and pleasure. We have chosen ''The Develop­ ment of Women," as a topic for study, and papers are as­ signed as follows : Domestic Development-Ruth Melluish. Industrial Development-Anna Lanz. Christmas Tales-Maude Wullenwaber. Women in Business-Susan Bell. What Women Have Accomplished Without the Ballot- Edna Mahaffy. Women in Politics-Erma Means. Easter Stories-Winifred Smith. Intellectual Development-Clara Heffernan. Social Development-Maude Light. Physical Development-Beth Engle. Spiritual Development-Lena Pierce. Women of the Future-Lorah Mon~oe. The college club of the Y. W. C. A. has taken up the organ­ ization of the Consumer's League in Bloomington. We ar.e intensely interested in this conservation movement, and along with Eta chapter, shall co-operate to some extent with them. Yours in the Bond, CLARA G. HEFFERNAN. CHAPTER LETTERS 65

CALIFORNIA ALUMNAE Address-2225 College Ave., Berkeley, Cal. Dear Sigma Sisters : Our alumnae chapter had an interesting meeting, August 23, at the home of Sister Grace Waterman. A greater por­ tion of the time was devoted to a discussion of ways and means for increasing the fund for building a chapter house at Berkeley. . We then listened to an inspiring report from Sister Grace Hamilton, delegate to the National Convention. We would be very glad to hear what other alumnae chapters are doing in the way of establishing building ·house funds for their chapters. We are anxious to build a house of our own and are exerting every effort in that direction. We con­ sider this a far wiser plan than to aid the active chapter in payirig its annual rent. Our girls have been scattered far and wide this past summer but many of the alumnae found their way back to dear old Berkeley town at the opening of college, and were present at the banquet given August 25, by Patty Marshall and Win Hunt, announcing the engagement of Frances B. Mar­ shall to Mr. Leslie W. Wigmore, of the editorial.. force ,,of the San Francisco Ch1·onicle. Hoping that all the alumnae chapters have as loya~ . merrtbers a we have, I sign myself, Ever yours in Sigma, FRANCES B. MARSHALL.

• I PERSONALS ALPHA The following classes were represented at the annual re­ union in June : 1877, Louise H . Coburn; 1892, Dora Knight Andrews, Nellie Bakeman Donovan; 1895, Lila Harden Hersey, Ermina Pottle Stimson; 1896, Myrtice D. Cheney; 1897, Edith Han­ son Gale, ·octavia W . Matthews, Nina Vose Greeley; 1898, Annie Pepper Varney; 1899, Josephine Thomas Ward, Alice M. Purinton; 1902, Mabel Richardson Kane, Blanche P. Pratt, Marian Hall Mitchell, Marion Reed Drew, Edith Williams Small; ex-1902, Adelle Gilpatrick; ex-1903, Mabel Esther Dunn; 1904, Mary Helen Caswell; 1905, Ethel L. Howard, Addie M. Lakin, Eleanor Stone Goodwin, S. Ernestine Davis; 1906, Edith L. Stene; 1907, Adelaide Bradeen Holway, Nellie Perry Winslow, Ellen J . Peterson; 1909, Blanche Miriam Emory, Cora E. Robinson, Inez Stevenson, Marian Wads­ worth, Ella Mac Burnie; 1910, Helen Varney Robinson, Cas­ silena Perry, Jennie Pauline Herring, Caro Bernice Chapman; 1911, Esther G. Robinson, Cora N. Kennison, Marie Louise Chase, Louise Buzzell, Laura Lovell Day. Of the 1912 girls, Margaret Buswell is taking graduate work at Radcliffe; Bessie Cummings is studying at Simmons College, Boston; Florence Carll is at home in South China, Me. ; Emma Leighton is a teacher in the high school at Dan­ ville, N. H.; Ruth Goodwin is at home in Saco, Me. ; Mildred Ralph is teaching in Morse High School, Bath, Me. ; Jessie Ross is to spend the winter in Portland, Oregon; Margaret Skinner is teaching in Limington, Me. ; and Ethel Stevens is teaching near her home in Newburyport, Mass. ; Mary Hall is also a teacher at Rockport, Me. Alpha chapter was saddened to hear of the recent death of Mrs. Marian Hall Mitchell, '02, of Billerica, Mass. Alice Beckett has re-entered college in the class of 1914. Mollie Hanson, ex- '11, attended the last Colby commence­ ment as the guest of her sisters Emily Hanson, '14, and Helen PERSONALS 67

Hanson, '15. She is now teaching in the high school at Ded­ ham, Mass. Adelaide Klein, ex-'13, is teaching at Wilton Academy, Wilton, Me. Pauline Hanson, Phyllis St. Clair, and Meroe Morse, all of 1913, had the privilege of representing the Colby Y. W. C. A. at the Silver Bay Conference in June. . Ruth Brickett, '15, is teaching at Hollis, Me. The marriage of Cora Kennison, '11, to Mr. Ralph Nash Colby, '11, took place at the bride's home in Waterville, July 2nd. Mr. and Mrs. Nash have moved to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he has a position as Y. M. C. A. secretary. Pauline Hanson, 13, is acting as president for the Colby Y. W. C. A. for the year. Belle Smith and Phyllis St. Clair, '13, are members of the Y. W. C. A. cabinet. Ellen Peterson, '07, is to take special training at the Gor­ don School, Boston, Mass., this winter to prepare for foreign mission work. Adelaide Holway, Blanche Wilbur, Myrtice Cheney, and Caro Hoxie are all teaching in Deering High School, Portland, Me. Belle Smith, Avis Thompson, Phyllis St. Clair, Bessie Dut­ tonr and Clara Winslow have been chosen to take part in the senior class play ''The Rivals'' to be given on Colby Day, November 1st. The marriage of Caroline G. oyes, '08, to Mr. Linwood Erwin occurred at the bride's home in Waterville, June 1912. A A A DELTA Lillian Bowker is teaching at Leicester, Mass. The sympathy of Delta is extended to sister Amy Boytano Guilford, '04, in the recent loss of her husband. Hila H elen Small, '96, Hattie May Baker, '06, Virginia Mabry, '14, and Grace Ada Small Houlder, '04, camped to­ gether at Sebago Lake, Maine, during the month of August. A recent letter from l\fabel Bruce, '06, sends greetings to all the girl and tells us that he ha been very unwell the 68 . SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

past year. She expects to undergo two ;operations very soon. H ere are best wishes for a speedy recovery, sister Mabel. Edith Jarvis Clark, '12, is teaching at Grafton, Mass. Winifred Given, '04, has accepted a position in a private school at Spokane, Washington. Mildred Jones McCann, '07, has changed her residence to 62 Garland St., Chelsea. Ruth Keene Spitler, '07, with her two sons has been visiting her parents in North Berwick, Maine. She plans to return to Chicago about the first of November. Her address is 5554 Lexington Street. Angie Frances Bliss, '04, and her daughter Muriel aged two plan to be regular attendants at the alumnae meetings this winter. We hope Pan-Hellenic won't accuse us of rushing Muriel before she has matriculated. Ethel Kelley, '09, has accepted a position in the Braintree High School where Charlotte Norton, '10, is also teaching. Louise Cooper, '07, who had to give up _teaching last year because of ill health plans to resume her work this year. Sara Collins, '07, spent the summer at Onset. Sister Sara is very busy with her music but always finds time to work for Sigma and is at present chairman of the committee for the pre-Christmas sale which is to take place at the rooms Novem­ ber 23 and 24. Carrie Davis, '10, is teaching in Berwick Academy, South Berwick with Trudie Karman, '10. Florence Ford, '07, has won her diploma as a graduate nurse and recommendations foretell a most successful career. H elen Gilmore spent the summer travelling in Europe, while there she met Florence Young, '10, while travelling through the Trossachs in Scotland. Florence is teaching this year at Swampscott and H elen is again at the Allen School for Boys in West Newton. Violet Page Moore, '09, has a son. Eva G. Smith, '12, is Preceptress at Montpelier Seminary, Montpelier, Vt. Joyce Bisbee, '13, and Evelyn Phelps, '10, visited her a short time ago. PERSONALS 69

Marjorie Ticknor, '12, has a position at Fiske's Teachers' Agency. She is a frequent visitor at chapter meetings. Gladys Wilson, ex- '12, who left college two years ago has sufficiently recovered her health to resume her studies at Middlebury. We envy the Nu girls. Ruth McCarthy, '16, has entered Radcliffe-we wonder if she has found Margaret Buswell, Alpha '12, who is also there V Grace A. S. Houlder visited Alpha chapter in September. The girls were in the midst of ''fishing.'' We trust they had good luck. • Delta and Boston Alumnae hope to see a great deal of Bessie Cummings, Alpha '12, who is studying at Simmons; Mar­ garet Buswell, Alpha '12, who is at Radcliffe; and Marjorie Meades , '16, who is at the N. E. Conservatory this year. The house is always open to Sigmas of other chapters and we trust they will avail themselves of the opportunity to be fre­ quent visitors. Mr. and Mrs. D. Gage Hunt announce the engagement of their daughter Helen, ex-'12, to Mr. George Hambrech. P earl Goddard, '15, has been chosen president of the sopho­ more class. Born to Mr. and Mrs. Jackson (nee Carrie Bemis) a son, on July 3, 1912.

EPSILON Lillian Bishop, '11, has accepted a position as librarian at the Berry School, Mount Berry, Ga. Marion Smith, ex-'14, has accepted a position as teacher in a private school at Coonton, . J. Ethel Dockum (class '14) on account of poor health is unable to return until mid-year. Ethel Ball, '11, visited the chapter house for a few day on her way to New York where she resumes her work as librarian. Jessica Lealand, '12, has a similar position there. Iarjorie P erkins, '12, came back for the opening day of the ru hing eason. She is mu ic upervisor at Tolts In titute, Herkimer, N.Y. 70 . SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

Lois Talman McHale is living in the city and is a frequent caller at the chapter house. Genevieve Shaylor, '12, is teaching in the high school at Cambridge, N. Y. Charlotte Bryden a Syracuse postgraduate is teaching in Okemah, Oklahoma. Marion Billings, '12, has returned to Syracuse to take ad­ vanced studies. Lillian Connaughty, ex- '13, did not come back this fall.

ZETA Marion H eilprin received Phi Beta Kappa on graduating from Barnard last year. She has returned to Barnard to take up postgraduate work and be with her sister who is studying Interior Decoration. Ednah Robinson spent her vacation at P en Mar, Pa. The marriage of Jeanette Geschickter, '12, to Mr. Robert Russ Kern is announced. Leila Scott, '13, attended a dance given at the ~

ETA Eta has had the pleasure of welcoming Mary Frost Rector, Iota, into her ranks this fall, seemingly as a result of con­ vention. Hurrah! Winifred Smith, '14, has been compelled to discontinue school this term because of ill health. Vera Mammen Grey of Driftswood, Pa., has been the guest of Eta several times during her visit in Bloomington. PERSONALS 71

Marguerite Vail Mitchell, ex-'13, of Chicago is here during rushing season. Leora Jones Van Ritten will be our guest for the formal dinner October 12. Florence Pierson has returned to Colorado Springs, Colo., to finish her last year in college there. Zelma Monroe, '12, is teaching in Monticello, Iowa, this year. Madge Crum, '12, holds the position as principle of the Adrian High School, Minn. Eula Thomas, ex-'14, expects to leave the first of November to spend the winter in California.

IOTA Mrs. Ray Chase is now living in Denver. We are glad to have her near us. Emma Myers has returned to her home in Del Norte. Emma Dumm is teaching in the high school at Windsor, Colorado. Gertrude Gray is attending school in Berkeley, California. Frost Rector was won by Eta chapter. It must have been the spirit of convention.

LAMBDA Grace Bird, '14, has returned to college this term with her health fully restored. Edith Blinn, '08, has returned for post-graduate work, and i living at the chapter house. Winifred Hunt, '11, is attending the Hopkins' Institute of Art in San Francisco. Florence Moore and Natalia Durney spent the week-end of Labor Day at a house party in Calistoga. Elda Eggert, '11, is teaching in the Dixon High School. Elizabeth Hawn, '08, visited several days at the chapter hou e before taking up her new work in the Whittier Gram­ mar chool. 72 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

Eva Kennedy, '10, made the chapter a visit, and was a guest at the dance. Leno Cooper of Iota chapter visited Lambda chapter before returning to Los Angeles. Nell Johnson, '09, was with us for the first week of the term. Hazel Lyons, '07, is teaching Latin in the Visalia High School. Francis Marshall, '03, is visiting her sister Florence in Medford, Oregon. Jean Smith, '07, has a position in the Oakland schools. Mrs. Milton Dodge, ex-'10, was with us for initiation and for the banquet. May Dopkins, ex-'ll, is attending the Fresno Normal School.

MU Ruth Vincent, '15, is a member of the Y. W. C. A. cabinet this year. Myvanwy Davies, '12, is teaching at Black Diamond. Vera Brown, Theta '09, and Kathryn Hoffman, ex-'ll, are at Bremerton again this year. Mrs. Geraldine Baker Johnson entertained the active and alumnae Sigmas September 5 in honor of Liela Kohler, '13, Mu 's delegate to convention. Ruth A. Moody, '12, is teaching at Newcastle. Last week we enjoyed a short visit from Mrs. Thos. Tully of Tacoma. Ruth Moody, 'll, is teaching in Everett this year. Adelaide Moody, '12, who was a house guest during rush­ ing season has returned to her home in Everett. Pansie Lawrence, ex-'14, is attending Whitworth College in Tacoma again this year. May Dono way, '12, and Kate Hoffman, ex- '11, were week­ end guests at the chapter house last week. The home of Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Austin on August 21 was the scene of a very pretty home wedding when their daughter. PERSONALS 73

Beatrice, ex-'13, became the bride ol George Wheeler. Mr. Wheeler is a member of Sigma Nu fraternity. Mr. A. Bickford of Portland was a dinner guest at the chapter house last week. Mrs. Geo. Wheeler and Grace Jack, ex- '13, were dinner guests September 27. May White, '14, has returned from the East and will again enter college. Hilda Deighton, ex-'13, is at present on a concert tour. Clara Sherrill of Tacoma was a guest at the house last week. Jean Troynman, ex-'13, who attended the summer school here is teaching in the Dayton High School. May Donoway, '12, is head of the Home Economics de­ partment at Renton this year. . Eloise Pratt is teaching this year in Idaho...... NU Edith Atwood, '10, was in town last week and was present at our first meeting of the year. Ruth Burnham, '11, is teaching in Richmond, Vt . . Grace Wright, ex-'12, expects to go to East Orange, N. J., in October, where she will spend a few weeks before leaving for Florida, where she is to spend the winter. Laura Newell, '12, and Helen Crosby, '12, are teaching in the State Industrial School at Vergennes, Vt. Clara Dewey, ex-'15, has gone to New York City where she will probably take a secretarial course. Phylli Hopkins, '13, ha been elected chairman of the local Pan-Hellenic. Adelaide Ro has been elected Vice-Pre ident of the sopho­ more la . l\Irs. Vera l\Iammen Gray of New Jersey vi ited for six week with her parents and friends in Bloominoton. l\Ir . Iargherite Vaill\Iitchell of hicago . pent three w eks \\ith relative in Bloomington al o l\Ir . Iargherite Smith Kilaore of pokane, Wa hington. 74 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE • Maude Wullenwaber, '10, has just returned from an ex- tended trip through the West. She enjoyed some pleasant days with the Mu girls. Announcement has been made. of the engagement of Susan Bell, ex- '05, to Mr. Arthur Parkhurst, r .6., of Denver, Colo. Mrs. Grace Engle Rayburn and family are expected for the holidays. A son was born Oct. 29th to Mr. and Mrs. Flint Watkins of Pehwacana, Texas. Nov. 7, a little sister came into the home of Lena, '11, and Arlie Pierce, '13. Edith Atwood, '10, was in town last week and was present at our first meeting of the year. Ruth Burnham, '11, is teaching in Richmond, Vt. Grace Wright, ex-'12, expects to go to East Orange, N. J., in October, where she will spend a few weeks before leaving for Florida where she is to spend the winter. Laura Newell, '12, and Helen Crosby, '12, are teaching in the State Industrial School at Vergennes, Vt. Clara Dewey, ex-'15, has gone to New York City, where she will. probably take a secretarial course. Phyllis Hopkins, '13; has been elected chairman of the local Pan-Hellenic. Adelaide Ross has been elected vice-president of the sopho­ more class. PAN-HELLENIC NOTES

CoNDUCTED BY GRACE ADA SMALL HouLDER We are to open in this number a special Pan-Hellenic sec­ tion in the TRIANGLE--its main object to be to keep the spirit of Pan-Hellenism before our readers. This column is to be devoted to any and all things in regard to P an-Hellenic in­ formation, and we hope that soon others than just Sigma Kappas will be contributors. Of course the N. P . C. reports, etc., will appear, but we want more than that. We expect local Pan-Hellenic delegates to send in reports, ideas and suggestions for stimulating Pan­ Hellenic spirit. From time to t i m~ topics or questions will appear which we desire the local Pan-Hellenic delegates to . discuss voluntarily-you can quite· often in this way contrib­ ute one of the two articles due from your chapter. A question box can be started just as soon as you begin to have questions to ask. Each local Pan-Hellenic delegate is asked to send to the National Pan-Hellenic delegate for the next issues, sugges­ tions, two or three at least, which a local Pan-Hellenic might work out and thereby foster Pan-Hellenic spirit. .A • • So seldom do we see in chapter letters references to the doings or of interest in regard to the other fraternities. I wonder sometimes if it's because we are just a little self­ atisfied. Don't you think that pleasant bits of news in regard to our cou ins as well as our sisters might foster a pirit of friendliness between us 1 .A • .A There i not a orority that exi ts which stand for "knock­ ing,'' yet each of u is the victim many times-and each of u doubtles is ometime guilty. Don't do it! It' a poor way to get material and it hurt you more than it can pos- ibly help! If you can't ay omething nice-don t ay any­ thing at all ! 76 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

:fust a word about the N. P. C. meetings. I am not going to give a report because the minutes will be printed in the next issue, but I want to tell you that which impressed me most this year! It was the general spirit of breadth and co­ operative fellowship which existed throughout the entire week. This most hearty spirit of co-operation is just what we want to instill into the local Pan-Hellenics-pull together with everybody else-barbs and all- not against anyone!

How CAN LocAL PAN-HELLENICS AssisT THE NATIONAL PAN­ HELLENics ? By making local organizations uniform and effective. How do this: First of all the Model Constitution should be adopted. At present, constitutions are poor or entirely absent, by-laws are old and unamended, presiding officers are lax and unacquainted with parliamentary methods, meet­ ings are held at the convenience of the presiding officer and usually only regularly through the rushing season. The Model Constitution provides for regular meetings, alumnae r epresentation and regular trained delegates. The by-laws recommended are simple and general in application, and other provisions are easily adaptable to varying local conditions. If this constitution were generally adopted and its provisions enforced, we should have organizations which would be effic­ ient working bodies for the national organization to deal with. In the second place, a local organization to be effective must bear in mind the dttal purpose of Pan-Hellenic-to promote good feeling and to regulate rushing. Too often the first is • entirely forgotten, and the only effort toward· regulation of rushing is by making petty rules. Petty rules never did regulate rushing nor help toward good feeling, as is shown only too well by the fact that nearly every case of Pan-Hel­ lenic dissension reported to National Pan-Hellenic this year has been caused by petty rules. PAN-HELLENIC NoTES 77

Good feeling may be promoted by finding some common outside interests: 1. Encouragement of scholarship. In several institutions Pan-Hellenic, through its delegates, has urged the chapters to issue scholarship cards for r egular faculty reports. In one place the dean of women has been asked to report in meeting both the high grades and the low grades learned by each fraternity. In some places, through the influence of Pan-Hellenic, the faculty prints lists of comparative stand­ ings of all social organizations in the institution. 2. University activities may be encouraged. There is al­ ways much the local Pan-Hellenics might do in the line of college settlement work, raising funds for dormitories or a swimming tank, urging r egents to provide a Woman 's Build­ ing. Such common interests will help to hold the organiza­ tion together and give the delegates other things to think of than rushing rules and infringements. 3. Relations between fraternity girls and non-fraternity girls should be improved. In one college a fraternity had a girls' dancing party, to which four girls from every other fraternity were invited. Had there been non-fraternity girls also present, what proved to be an excellent means of promot­ ing good-feeling might have been still more effective. 4. Rushing should be regulated-not by the boarding school methods, which prescribed that ''absolutely no food shall be served to freshmen by fraternity girls," and " dances shall not be engaged until just before the encore preceding the dance desired.'' W e are college women, and we should be broad enough to adopt general rules, such as : 1. Scholar hip requirements before initiation. 2. Incon pi uou ru hing (which shall bar theatre' parties, entertainment at public r e taurants or hotels, drive , etc., but hall permit simple entertainments at fraternity rooms or hou home of alumnae or patrone ses). Limit d expen e. 78 SIGMA KAPPA TRIANGLE

4. Formal bid without interview. There should be, as well, an expressed sentiment against discussing fraternities other than your own, and regarding rules for active girls being kept by alumnae. Sentiment in this direction should be encouraged by every delegate in her own chapter and by every alumnae delegate among the alumnae. Working along these general lines the efficiency of the local organizations will be increased, and they will lend themselves much more generally to the advancement of the work of the national organizations. Strong local organization means a "strong, effective national organization. FRANCES PERKINS, Visiting Delegate to Alpha Phi. COLLEGE CURRENT EVENTS AND EXCHANGES Exchanges please send copy to Miss Helen Rowell, Central College, Lexington, Mo.; Miss Helen F . Gilmore, 473 Waltham St., W . Newton, Mass.; Mrs. Grace Ada Small Houlder, 11 Willow Place, Arlington, Mass.; Miss Hila Helen Small, 232 Highland Avenue, Somerville, Mass. ; and Mrs. Ethel Hay­ ward Weston, Hale, Mich., Itasco Co. The following exchanges have been received since our last issue: The Phi Chi Quarter·ly, The Phi Kappa Psi Shield, The Delta Tau Delta Rainbow, The Trident of Delta Delta Delta, The Delta Upsilon Quarterly, The Alpha Phi Quarterly, and The Arrow of Pi Beta Phi.

We call the attention of all Sigma Kappa secretaries to this article from The Rainbow. The sentiments of every fraternity magazine editor are expressed in The Phi Gamma D elta Qua·rtm·ly. Our own secretaries can read this to advantage. Just as the national magazine of a fraternity reflects and typifies the life and spirit of the national organization and of the men who make up its membership, so does the monthly letter reflect the personnel and condition of each chapter. It is p:tactically the only medium of inter­ course between widely separated chapters. The Stanford brothers, for instance, can only judge of the progress and condition of the Maine chapter by the monthly letter in the magazine. If one month there is no letter published from Maine they will wonder whether the chapter there has not been active enough to furnish any news of interest, and if a second time Maine appears in the delinquent list the western brothers will probably catalogue Maine as a "dead one" or at least as being extremely deficient in attending to fraternal duties . .And the alumni of Maine (or whatever chapter it may happen to be) will look in vain for evidences of the strict attention to business which existed when they were in college, and will wonder if their old chapter i not getting "on the rocks". The national officer soon get a bad impression of a chapter whose officers neglect their dutie , and when a chapter's name appears fre­ quently on the delinquent list they know from experience that the~ i a weakne omewhere. 80 SIGMA KA_pp A TRIANGLE

But how di1l"erent it is when in each number of The Ph-i Gamma D elta there appears a live, snappy, newsy letter, stating in an entertain­ ing manner the happenings in the chapter and about the college for the previous month. Every other chapter in the fraternity reads it with interest and thinks well of a chapter that can accomplish such things and can be represented by a correspondent who is so prompt and wide­ awake. The alumni of that chapter note with pleasure the news of chapter progress and congratulate themselves that they chose such able chaps to carry on the work after they left college. The national officers are satisfied that the work of that chapter is being conducted in an efficient manner and they make a mental note of the name of the able corres­ pondent. It is easy to see that the chapter correspondent should be one of the ablest and most dependable men in the chapter. In his hands rests largely the reputation of the chapter among the others in the fraternity. H e should be absolutely reliable. It is easy to make excuses for not getting in a letter or for getting one in late. "I was unusually busy about that time"; "I was called out of town"; or "I mislaid your notice", may be perfectly legitimate excuses but they are poor reasons. Each correspondent knows that a letter should be sent to the chapter corres­ pondence editor on the first of October, November, January, February, March and April, and if · he is unable to write it he owes it to his chapter to see that someone else does. He should possess enough ability as a writer at least to send in readable copy free from grammatical blunders. A cleverly worded letter with some individuality of style will make up for any lack of material. He should be a man who will keep in close touch with the alumni of the chapter. It is not necessary to dwell upon this point. We all know how dependable we all are upon the interest and spirit of our older brother. The Phi Gamma Delta aims to keep these men closely in touch with the active life of the fraternity by giving them all the news of themselves we can collect. Each chapter correspondent is urged, nay, implored, to send in "alumni notes" every month. Many say, "I haven't heard anything of interest among our alumni this month." That is an indication of a lack of proper interest in your older men. Keep in such close touch with them that you will know .i ust what everyone of them is doing all the time. It will pay you well to do this.-The Ra·inbow.

"If I Were a Delegate Again" i the title of a symposium in The An-ow of Pi Beta Phi. Here are orne of the thing the ex-delegates would do 1f they were to go again: CoLLEGE CuRRENT EVENTS AND ExcHANGES 81

"I would suggest that each delegate make a thorough study of prev­ ious convention minutes * * * I would avoid the clique spirit." I'Be sure' and 'learn all you can about the matters that ~viii coine to be considered at convention." · "If I were not already familiar with 'Roberts' Rules of Order' I would make this book a part of my study." "If there 'vere petitioning chapters present I would make . ·a great ·effort to"be' open to conviction, ·and would not say 'no' to any question 'Of expansion.. simply because

This is · a just obligation- owing.·to -your alma mater, and · the better you perform the duty, so mueh more- da; yaou, ._ :cefiect glory on your chapter and fraternity, and enhance your value; as: ~ ~ gi:tl. Let us older sisters renew our enthusiasm and support, thus -. se'n'fug­ our alma mater, indirectly; l;ly encouraging our chapters to stand for the things that make for progress arrd ·improvement. - Another humorous George, surnamed Fitch, well known for his stories of college and fraternity life at "Siwash College", _is a inember of Beta Theta Pi, parodied in his stories at "Eta Bita Pie". Among his rivals· is "Delta Whoopsilon". Mr. Fitch· thus. violates his pledge of secrecy in a copyrighted article in the newspapers: The Greek letter society was invented over one hundred years ago in im American college and there are now so m·any of them that the Greek alphabet is becoming sadly overworked and must soon be en­ larged to take care of the rush- (}f•. business. Greek letter societies are harmless, · and, moreover, are of great good. Many· a· liolfegi_an has, through them, learned the Greek alphabet so tlioroughly that he has remembered it long after French and trigonometry have cimtered from his memory. Contrary to popular supposition, the members of these societies do not spend their time writing letters in Greek. No doubt they could if they chose, but the kind of letter that father understands and answers most kindly must be written in English, and the Greek letter member is usually a most faithful correspondent as far as his father is concerned. A Greek letter society is secret and its members are supposed never, no never, to reveai what has happened behind the black curtain with the crossbones on it. Anything secret is suspicious, as John D. Rockefeller has found .out. But we are .about to divulge the four principal secrets of the Greek letter society. (Turn down the lights, please.) They; are as follows: 1. The rent of the chapt er house is now two months overdue, and tomorrow the high priest of Delta Flush Chapter is going to try to jolly the landlord along another month. !'J. If a certain tow-headed freshman is made president of his class he can be snagged away from the other frats and into our noble order. Vote, brothers, vote. · 3. On the third of next month an informal ·dance will be given with an imported orchestra, and when the Fli Gammas hear of it they will expire with envy. On . next Saturday njght at midnight .three shuddering neophites will oe inducted into the awful mysteries of our mighty band. Let no brother forget to bring a barrel stave. There are a few other dark secrets, but none as black as these.­ D elta Upsilon Quarterly. CoLLEGE CuRRENT EVENTS AND ExcHANGES 83

Bits of Greek news found in the exchange pages of The Shield: The chapter of Beta Theta Pi at Ha~pden - Sidney College has sur­ rendered its charter. Phi Kappa Psi maintained a chapter in that insti­ tution from 1856 to 1900. Theta Xi has entered Iowa State, making its fourteenth chapter. The B1·ief of Phi Delta Phi pays five cents each for alumni notes con­ tri_buted by undergra?uates. The schem~ do~s not !lPPe~r to ~e a~ ·ex­ pensive one, as the editor confesses the offer cost him just a nickle for the December issue. Kappa Kappa Gamma has installed a chapter at the University of Toronto, being "its first step toward Canadian extension. · · The leading candidates for presidential honors are affiliated with college ·fraternities as follows: Taft, Psi Upsilon; Roosevelt, Alpha Delta Phi and Delta Kappa Epsilon; Wilson, Phi Kappa Psi; Clark, Delta Tau Delta; Underwood, Pi Kappa Alpha. . - 75he S~rority Ha -ndb~ok By IDA SHAW MARTIN 1911-FOU·R TH : ED - IT. ~ON-1911 · : .

~HE SORORITY HANDBOOK needs no introduc­ \.!1 tion to its thousands of friends whos~ ~ordial wel­ come and enthusiastic support have ma.de ·possible three editions and a supplement within two years and a half. As before there are two bindings, both attract­ ive and serviceable, tlie COLLEGE EDITION in paper at $1.00 and the DE LUXE EDITiON in cloth at $1.50. Books ar.e sent prepaid, but money must accompa"ny" all orders. Money may be sent by bank draft, by express or postoffice order. Personal checks must have Ten Cents added for collection charges. · Club Orders Must Go to One Address DE LUXE EDITION 10 Copies $12.00

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COLUMBUS OHIO ~==~cc======~~======KX====~~ Baird:r AMERICAN Manual COLLEG~ ---of.--- -FRA TERNITlES- New and Seventh (1912) Edition now ready This Book is replete with information of interest to all members of College Fraternities. It contains Histories of ·each of the Men's General Fraternities, the Women;s General Fraternities, the Men's Local Fraternities, Women's Local Fraternities, , Professional Frat­ ernities, Honorary Fraternities and Miscellaneous Greek Letter Fraternities; a Directory of Colleges and Chapters, Statistical Tables of great interest, a complete Bibliography of Fraternity publications and information concerning Chapter House owner­ ship and valuations. In short, the Seventh Edition is a com­ plete Cyclopedia of Fraternity Information. Contains nearly 800 -pages printed matter. It is strongly ·bound in buckram and the . 'price i~ $2.50 per copy, postage prepaid. Send in your orders through this publication

NEW YORK ALUMNAE OF SIGMA KAPPA OFFICERS FOR 1911

President, MARTHA C. MESERVE, '96 Su:retary, EDNA F. DASCOMB TRUESDELL, '98 195 Hillside Ave., Glen Ridge, N. J. SIS W 143d St., New York City Vice-President, EMMA A . FouNTAIN, '95 Treasurer, RHENA CLARK MARSH, 'o1 9 1 Prospect Ave. , Flushing, L. I. • Scarsdale, N.Y., and MARY BICKMORE TEFFT, 1 93 186 So. Columbus Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

Executive Co11t1nittee Lots MESERVE FLVE, '99 MARY B. TEFFT '93 195 Hillside Ave., Glen Ridge, N. J. 186 So. Columbus Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Regular meetings are held the second Saturday of October, November, February and May. With break­ last second Saturday in January at Sherman Square Hotel, 70th St. & Broadway, New York City.