Current CX3mrnerits” EUGENE GARFIELD INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFO%JATIGW3 3501 MARKET ST. PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 The 19S6 Most-Cited Chemistry Articles: Enzymes in Organic Synthesis and Odd-Cluster Soot Up, While Disappears (For Now)

Number 27 jll!y 8, 1991

Current Contents Q readers are generally aware of our amual series listing papers that have been “most-cited” in the last two or three years. For reasons that have been dis- cussed frequently,I the “immediacy” of most hot papers in chemistry can lag by more than a year behind those in physics or the life sciences. The essay that follows should have appeared last year, shortly after the appearance of the 1989 Science Citation Index @. However, in publishing it now, we are able to include supplemental informa- tion on the status of the citations to these papers for the years 1989 and 1990. The delay in publishing this putative list of Cita- tion Classics @ in chemistry demonstrates more forcefully the characteristic delay mentioned above. The most-cited paper on the list received 99 citations by the end of Zvi Sza@m 1988. By the end of 1990, it had received an additional 138. term born out of a conversation I had with AS you can see, chemists, earth scientists, Robert K. Merton and Ihriet Zuckerrnan,3 and others are more than justified in envy- in 1980-a term that describes individuals, ing the prominence of life scientists in rank- “...who are peers of prizewinners in every ings that do not take this inherent delay fac- sense except that of having the award.”1 In tor into account. Nevertheless, these fact, two fmt authors, B.M. Trost and disciplinary listings are useful in highlight- M.J.S. Dewar, and one coauthor, J.A. Pople, ing areas of the always-changing map of the were singled out by The Scientis? as likely world of chemical scienws and technology. candidates for the 1990 Nobel Priz.e.5 As with the 1984 papers relating to the Instead of a typical scientometric analysis, outer electron orbital shells of organic we asked Zvi Szafian, chairman of the De- groups of metal-ligand fragments, research pwhrtent of Chemistry, Merrimack College, in this 1986 group may presage a Nobel North Andover, Massachusetts, to prepare Prize in chemistry.z One author, D.J. Cram, this essay on the most-cited chemistry arti- has already won a Nobel Prize in chemistry. cles. Szafran, who earned his PhD in physi- As judged by their citation counts, six oth- cal inorganic chemistry in 1981 from the ers are certainly of Nobel class. This is a University of South Carolimt Columbia is

106 one of the original implementers of make these listings seem even more “histor- microscaie inorganic chemistry. He also icaL”6 Every few months, Science Wdtch conducts research in the area of organobo- provides a list of “Hot Papers” in the chemi- ron synthesis and nuclear magnetic reso- cal sciences. These are about a year old an~ nance. He is especially interested in mole- undoubtedly, many will make it to these cules wherein an electron-rich organic most-cited lists. It will be usetid to make group is bonded to the electron-deficient these comparisons once the two lists begin boron noiety. to converge. Science Watch provides an In closing, it is important to note that early warning on what may prove to be en- I! S?@’spu Iication Science Watch@ may tirely new fronts a few years later. 0191 r9

REFERENCES 1. GarfteJd E. The rmrst-cited 1987 physical-sciences articles supereorrek+tivity supersedes srrpawrings. Current Contents (18):3-14, 30 April IWO. 2------. ‘he most-cited 1984 chemistry article-s1984-1986: orgsnic superconduc$om snd a pntpourri of ckdity, frsczds, ad smog. CrwrerrtContents (3883-14, 19 Se@ember 198R (Reprinted in: Essays afm inforrnatiarr scientist: science literacy policy, evaluation, and other essays. Philsdslphia 1S1Press, 1990 Vol. 11. p. 299-310.) 3, ------. Are the 1979 prizewinners afNabel clad Cuverrt Contents (38)5-13,22 September 1980. (Reprinted in [bid., 1981. Vol. 4. p, 609- 17.) 4. Zrrcketman H. Scientific eiite. New Yartc Free Press. )977. p. 42. 5. Martello A. scientists with the right chemistry to win a Nobel Priz. T/w Scientist 4(18):16-7, 17 September 1993. 6. Garfkld Z. Announcing Science Watch a uniqoe newsletta tnxking trends and perfornrsmmin scientific researd. Current Contents (4):3-7, 22 Janusty 1990.

The 1984 Chemistry Articles Moat Cited 1986-1988, Pius 19$9-1990 Data: Catalysts, Chmters, Kinetics, and Theory ZviSZafran De@ment of Chemistry Merrimack College North Andover, MA 01845

Current Contents @ has regularly identi- papers continue to include the Journal of fied and discussed papers in cher&ry that Chemical Physics and the Journal of Physi- become highly cited soon after their initial cal Chemistry (see Tabie 1). The most-cited publication. The two most recent examples paper of ail, “Enzymes in organic synthesis” concerned 1984 chemistry papers most by J. Bryan Jones, University of Toronto, cited from 1984 to 19861 and 1985 chemis- Ontario, Canad& is also interdisciplinary try articles most cited from 1985 to 1987.2 but appeared in Tetrahedron. ‘ilk essay covers the 1986 chemistry tuti- The 101 papers listed blow received a cles most cited from 1986 to 1988, As be- median of 42 citations and an average of fore, this does not merely invoive determin- 45.4 (4.4 citations in i986, i8.4 in 1987, ing a suitabie citation threshoid for and 22.6 in 1988). The numbers ranged inclusion in this essay. An in-house subset from a high of 99 to a low of 35 citations, of the Science Citation [ndex @’known as the threshoid value for inciusion. Not sur- the “Chemis@y Citation Index” is used to pnsingiy, no fewer than 29 of the papers are limit the seiection to chemistry. Nonethe- review papers, including the two most cited. less, the interdisciplinary nature of chemical The second most-cited paper, by Roger At- research is still apparent. The journals pub- kinson, University of Caiifomi% Riverside, lishing the largest number of highiy cited appred in Chemical Reviews, which to-

107 BibUograpby: Tbe 1986 cbemivtry arfidea most dted in tbe SCI’, 1986-19S$. tiles arelisted in alpbabelic mix by fmt author. Numbers following the WlbliograpMc entry indicate tk 1986, 1987, and 1988 SCVSXIs resarch-front specialties for which these arr core papm. A= 1986 citations B=1987 citaaona. C= 1988 chationa. D=t@ 19861988 citations. *1989 citations. =1990 citatiom. G=total 1986-1990 citations.

ABC DEFG Bibfiogmpbic Data

3152139272086 Afexakia A, Berian J & Besare Y. Orgarmcopprrcmjugate addition nxtiom in thr preserweof hirnethylchlomsikme. Trtmhedmn LQtt27:1047-543, 1986.88-0529 4 17 021171957 Andrierrx C P, GaUsrdo L Srrw%ttJ-M & Su K-B. Disa.xiative electron transfer.Homogenemra and hetemgcncoua reductive clravage of the mdmn-brdogen bmxf in simple aliphatic halides. J. Arna Chsrn..%x. 108638-47, 1986.87-0366,88-0451 93346883953M3 Atklnvon R. Kinclica and mrcbaniims of the gas-phase mwtiona of the hydmx yl rtxlical with wganir compounds turdcratmospheric ronditiom. Chem. Rev.86:69-201, 1986.87-1336, 8&1401 1161835213086 Bafasubrsmrmbm K. CAS SCXI cakrdadona of low-lying staresof SnH2. Chart Phys. Mr. 127:585-9, 1986.87-16113 614365649811S6 Sax A & Summers M F. ‘H arrd‘W aaaignrrtemvfmm scnaitivity-rmlmnmd detection of betcmnudem muhiple-bcmd connectivity by 2D multiple quarrtmnNMR. J. Amez C/rem tic. IOK2(W3-$, 1986.88-2043 015213610 7 53 Blnger P, Mifcrarek ~ Mynott If+Regfts M & R&b W. 1,3diph0sphacyc10buradi-bah(I) complexes fmm @osphaa@rrs. Angew. C/rem.Int. Ed 25:644-5, 1986. 7121736161062 Boxer S G, Lddwt D J & MkfdendorfT R RIc40chcmical tmle-bimring in @xmynthetk retwtioncentem Chern. Phys. Leer. 123:47682, 1986. 512183S1211S8 Breckenridge W w Jouvet C & .%ep B. ChWdly aeleclive rbcmiral rrachon in Hg-Hz van&r Waals complexes. J. Chern Phys W 1443-50, 1986.88-3141 14 13 23 50 21 16 S7 Brucat PJ, Zbeng LS, Petliette CL YrmgS&S nmOeyRl LMemlchseer ion phototktgmentation. J. Chem, Phys. @dW78-88, 1986. 8201644221177 Brurm JW, Smitb GM, Marks TJ, Fair C& SdmfkAJ&WiffismaJ M. C-H aaivaticm mecbanisma and regimekztivity in the cyclomctalarirsr reactions of bia(pNamed2ykyclopentadienyI)tborium didkyl complexes. J. Amer.CherrLSm. 1084W%, 1986. 2 25 24 51 27 35 113 Brus L. Ekctmnic wave functicmsin aemiccmduaor chrsttm experiment and theory. J, Phys. Cherrr.902555-60,1986.87-3447, 88-17&$ 16 13 27 56 18 27 101 Budmnsn J M, Stryker J M & Bergman R G. A stmctural,kinetic, and rhermcdymamicstudy of the mvezsible dwnrml C-H iwbvadc.nhducrive elimination of alkancs at iridium. J. Arrw Chsm SOC 108:1537-54, 1986. 320194212660 Burfingmne A L Bofllie T A & Derrick PJ. Maas spectmmtry. And. Chem 58:165R-21 lIL 1986. 87-W76, 88-3459 3 7253512956 ButIec L J, TkIch T M, Likar M D & Crim F F. Vlbmdonal OV@OLW spectroscopy of brsmd and prcdiaaociative states of ~ruxide cooled in a supawmic expansion. J. Chem Phys. 85:2331-2, 1986. 0152439202685 Caatfeman A W & Keesee R G. Ionic clusters. Char. Rev 86589-618, 1986. 88-3391 0 26 36 S2 36 49 137 Closa GL, Cat@erraLT, GreemNJ, Psnflr4dKW&Mf UerJR Distance, atezedectronic effects, and the Mrmua invertcrfregion in intmmolrctdar demon transferin organic rdical aniona. J, Phys. Chem. W:3673-83, 1986.88-0270 11724422414WJ Cotfmsn J P, Kodndek T & Brmmmn J L Oxygenation of styreor by C~Cd22U~ P450 mcdd SySk12kXa mdMtdStiC study. J. ,4rna Chern .%, 108:2588-94, 1986. O 16 27 43 16 11 70 Colqubmrn H M, Stoddart J F & Wtiama D J. %mOd-spbem combination--a novel role for molecular rrxeptc.m.Angew. Chsm Int. Ed 25:487-582, 1986.88-1213 1017123912960 Conrad EH, Aten RM, Kaufrnau D& Afkm L~ Enf@T, den Niis M& Riedel E K. Obacrvatkmof surfacr roughening on Ni( 115), J. Chent Phys. 84:1015-28, 1986.87-1410 0172542271079 Cook B ~ Reinerf T J & Suafid K S. Sbapa selective alkime hydmxylation by metrdloporpbyin catalysts. J. Anw CherrLSOC.10&728 1-6, 1986. 01324372822S7 Covey T & Lee E D, BrofrB A P & Henfon J D. Liquid chmmatographyhnass spectmmetry And. Chem 58:1451 A-6 1A, 1986. 874449,88-0086

108 ABC DEFG BibfiogmPhic Data

619224711106S Crabtm@ R H & HarnMem D G. Claasicaf (M = 0s) and nonctaaakal (M= F%R.) polyhydride stmcmms for the compkxcs MH4(PR3)s J. Arnm C/rem WC. 10&3124-5, 1986.87449,88-2569 2 30 36 68 26 25 119 Crobtme R H, Ia4n M & Bonneviot L. Smne molecufrrrhydrogen complex= of iridium. J. Amen Cherrr.Sm. I08xI032-7, 19$6. 874349,88-2569 01353663241239 Cram D J. Preurgrmimtion-fmm schema tn spfremnds.Angew Chart Irrt. Ed 25:1039-57,1986.87-4492 0112536193691 Dance 1 G. The structural chemistry uf meird tbiolatc cumplexes. Pofyhedrm 5:1037-104, 1986. 874)193, 88-2803 2171837201471 Davis M J & Gray S K. Urrimolecrrk re.actiarsand phase spe bottlcnecka. J. Chem Phys. 845389411,1986. 01619353021S6 Dewar M J $ 0five3fa S & Stewart J J P. Mccbsnism of the Diels-Akief #sctiurr reactiunaof butadiene with ethylene and cyamethylenes. J. Arrw ChenL .%. 10&577 1-9, 1986.87-3372,88-0710 924144746S7 Mach R L& 8cImlmmI J M. On SyM333Wi’2dChIS@~Of‘.xw~ am~ (20. Chem. Phy$. Left 125:465-6,1986. 7 36 32 7S 23 41 139 %kch M J, ml ~ J E, Binkfey J S & Schaefer H F. Extensive tbemetical studies of tbc hydrogerr-twmkd complexes (IM3)z,(H20)zf-f+, ~2, w+, F2H, end (NH3)z.J. Chem Phys. 842279-89,1986. 87-3111,88-30490 0 14 32 46 16 19 81 6erkke K-H, Kfee $ Comes F J & Dixon R N. Dtics OfHz@ photodiaamiatimx OH -t state and munwntum distribution dratacterized by sulXMppler snd pulmization spctrnacupy. J. Cherrr.Phys. 85:4463-79,1986.88-0725 14 15 14 43 4 5 52 Geuvfc M E Mclhnth T J, .Mrold M F, BfoomfMd LA, Freeman R R & Browu W L. Photofmgmcntation of nrasa-mulved mdmn cluata iorw clwrvation uf a magic nemal fiagnmm J. Chem Plrys. 84:2421-2, 1986. 0161935261273 Giffiom L R & Grubbs R H. ‘lMarrwyclobutanesderived fmm strained cycfic olefinx the living Folynmizatimr of rmrbomene J. Arrw Ctrt-m Sot. 108733-42,1986.87-0121, 88-0838 5202146232089 Groves J T & Watanabe Y. Orrtie nrecbturismof olefimepxidatim by oxn-imrroomhwins. Oirect obacrvation of an irrtmmdate . J. Arrrez Chem tiC. 108kt7r-8; 1986. 2142036211168 Guthrfe E J & Schwartz H E. Jntegrd prmsrue resbictor for capillary WC. J. Chrtmrotogz Sri. 2423641,1986. 88-280S 4 21 12 37 91157 Gutowstd M+Van Lenthe J H, Verbeek J, Van Doilnevefdt F B & Cbntadrkkl G. ‘f’hebasis @ supxpaitiow em irrcorrelatd eledrunic SUUCtUFScakufationa. Chem Phys. f.ett. 124:37@5, 1986. 10 25 14 49 51064 Hmkfon R C, Brus L E & Raghavaclmcl K Ekctmrric smrctureand bmrding in icosdwdml Cko CfrernPhys. .hft 125:4594$,1986. 92619542621101 Honsun R M & Sharpks K B. Frwdurr for the catafytic asymmetric epxidation of sllylic afcdrols in the presence of rrmlezularsieves. J. OrS. Chem. 51:1922-5, 1986.87-0802,88-2195 12 22 19 53 7 7 67 Haymwt A D J. Funtballew a tbeoreticaf prediction fnr tbe stable, truncated icosabedmf molrcule Cm J. .hrer Cherrr.SW. 10&3 19-21, 1986.87-1267 5211844593S Hayniet A D J & Oxtoby D W. A mofecular theory fur freezing cmrrpsriamr of tbemies, and RWlkSfor had spheres. J. Chern. Phys, 841769-77, 1986. 87-4581 13 35 29 77 17 2’2 116 Hernnann WA. Multiple bonds between trsmaitirnrmetals and ‘biue” msirr group eienrentx links between solid state drenrishy and orgarrometaflic Ck333iStCy.AWW Chem ht. Ed. 25;56-76, 1986.87-6624 11 13 19 43 17 15 75 Herrnmnn W A. ZMkerrtdeckurrg am Beiapiel Rlmirrrrxox~kuruplexe in hoberrrmdniedrigen Oxidatiorrsatuferr(Chance discovery in the cme of drenium: oxu-complexes in high and low oxidation states). J. OrSanrxtretaL Chmv 3Wkl 11-37,1986.87-6625,88-6286 01425393027% HmBA, *M LJ, _P&Nmti~Ab WltiO*~~~~ vibmtionaf spectxaand their uac in the ideutificsticm of mmauel molecules. Chem Rev 86:709-30,1986.88-1623 31822431313fZ3 liifla M M Parmeter J E, Mulfins C B & Weinbem w’ ~ ln~~ Of ethylene with tbe Ru(OO1)surface. J. Arrw Chart Sm. 10$:3554-62, 1986. 1132236241s75 I-loeisucM Y, Matauanwa S, Nrdmrnma E & Kuw@na I. Me@21/HMPA accekmted mnjrrgateaddition of cuppcr reagent. Stcreoaclcclive syrrthmk of errolsilyl ether of aldehyde. Tetrahedron ,bw. 27:4025-8, 1984. 87-0305,88-0529

109 ABC DEFG Biblfagrapbic Data

3 30 29 62 24 29 115 Ho@ R S. Msss spectmmary of inductively mupled pkmnas. Arraf.Chem 58:97A-105A, 1986.87-1442,88-0965 012284028977 Htrang Z S, Jucke K W & Miller R E. The vibraticmsl predissmistion lifetime of the HF dirna upmrexcidng the %ee-H” stretching vibration. J. Chem Phys. 85:333841, 1906. 221133611 8 55 Hurst GJB, Fowler PW, Stoue AJ&Buckk@am AD. hrterrnoIecular forms in vsn der Wssls dimezs. fnt J. Quantum rl%ern 291223-39, 1986. 1 15 25 41 31 31 103 Hynes J T. Guter-sphm ekdmn-trsnsfer reacdans sad frequmcydepmdent friction. J. Phys. Gem !Xk3701-6, 1986. 8 17 18 43 91163 Jasinskf J M. Abwlute rsrecanstant for the mwtians Silk + OZ.J. Phys. Chem%555-7, 1986. 3161837232282 JeUktek J, BedK T L & Berry R S. Sold-liquid phase chsnges in sirmdstexf isomergetic Ar13.J. Ckm Phys. 842783-94, 1986. 5161836135S4 Jonah CD, Ramero C & RrdtmrmA. Hydrsted eleamn revished vis tbe Feynmsn P8drink~ mute. Ckm Phys. Ldr. 123:209-14, 1986. 43956997068237 Jones J B. Enzymes in 03gsrdc synthesis. Tetrahedrrm 423351-3403, 1986. 87-7011,88-2696 15 27 18 60 33 28 121 J-J, ~ S & Bauer T. (R)- snd (S)-23-0 1~Wy11dene81y@~&hyde in stermsekctive argsnk synthesis. Tetrahedron 42x$47-88, 1986.86-0989,87-1842, 88-1564 12 28 23 63 25 20 108 I@peeMM,Scld4rM,Rad iP&ScbumacberfLO ntbemmifestsdanof electronic structureeffects in metal clusters. J. Chern. Phys. 841863-75, 1986.88-0069 33228635057170 Kavarnas G J & Turra N J. Phatmerrsitimtimrby rcvemible ekchnn transfer rhmries, experimental evidence, and exsmpks. CherrIRev 86:40149, 1986.87-1115 01729463333112 Kecsm R G & Ca@eman A W. Tlrerrmclvmicsi dste on gas-phase ion- rnrdecuk ssmcistian snd clustering lWKti0X3S.J. Phys. CherrLRef Dara 15:1011-71.1986.87-7119 11 28 20 59 11 11 81 Klein DJ, Schme3z TG, Hite GE& Seftz WA. Resorrsnrein Gm, buckmirrstcrfidlerene.J. Ama Ckm. MC IO&1301-2, 1986. 87-1267, 88-16% 4211641121063 Klein J. Dynsmics of entsngkd hear, brsncb4 snd cyclic polymers. Macrormrlecules19105-18, 1986. 4 20 17 41 21 14 76 Kacbi J K Electron transferand trmrsientmdiids in argsnametsliic ctwmistry. J. Organomeral. Ckrn W. 139-66, 1986. 083139253599 Koeower E M & Hupp@ D. Excited Stlte dcctmm and pmtarro’msfrms. Arrnu Rsw Phys. Chsrn 37127-56, 1986.88-0270 22134573538130 Koute& J & Fanttkcd P. Thmredcai ~~ of mrlal atcsn CIUStem. ChsrrLRex 86:539-87, 1986. 0212739152579 Kubes G J, Uokefer C J, Swartean B I & Fukushkna E. MoImrkrr hydrogen complexes of the transition metals. 4. Pmperstkm and chsrrdedz.ation af M(CO)KFib)2( @H2) (M = Mo, W) sml evidrnce for equilibrium dissacisdair of die H-H bond to give kff’i@O)3@R3)2. J. Anw Ckm Sac. 10&7W9, 1986.874349,88-2569 2161836232584 Kuppermann A & I-f@ PG. llmAimensimsl qusnrum mectisl reactive sdwring using symmetrked bypempherimi mmdinstes. J, Chsm Phys. 845%2-4, 1986. 0132437171163 Lee M &Yaw Q Y, Tang S L & Ceyer S T. Aclivsted dismcisrive chemiirption of Cm on Ni( 111] observsdcsr of a methyl rsdiml end implication fnr (he pressure gsp in cstalysis. J. Chem Pfrys, 85:16934, 1986.88-3053 0192948192693 ~AC&_DJ.Ge-s_qymdtip~tim& hydmgen-bmded dims HCN@fF ss the speumsmpk pmtatype. Chem. Re’w86635-57, 1986.88-1700 4161535161364 Lln C-N Canrphelf K D, Wang J-X & Lunsford J H. Oxidstive dimerization of methsne over Ismhsnum oxide. J. Phvs. Chem. 9CL5W7, 1986. 4122844192588 Imw J J & Gaddard W A. Themwical studies of oxidative sdditian md mdwive eiirninstkm. 2. Reductive mupling nf H-H, H-C, srrdC-C bands from pafladium and plsdnum complexes. O-&arwraeraflicr 5@9-22, 1986. 819214S 12969 Luke B T, Popfe J A+Kmgb-Jrqremen M-B, Apelafg Y, Ckndmsefhor J & scbfeym P v R A themetical survey of singly banded silicon compounds. Comparism of the strwures snd bd energies Ofsilyl end methyl derivatives. J. Arna Chem Soc 108:209, 1986.

110 ABC DEFG Bibliographic Data

91923512019!41 Luke B T, Pople J & Kmgh-Jrapwrwr M-B, Apekrig Y, I&d W C%rmefmwkhcrJ & Scbfeyer P v R A thcnrctid survey nfmrmtumted or multiply brmdedrmddivakmt silicnrrcompounds. Compsriacmwith ca-kn snalnguea. J. Arrw Chern Sot. H3&270-84, 1986.87-1045,88-2142 0162137111058 McGtdre M & McLendon G. How dn advent relaxation dymmrics aflect eleztmn-tmnafer rates? A study in rigid aolutinn. J, Phys, ChcrrL 9&2549-51, 1986. 11826452318S6 Miller R E. Infrsred laser phntndissociatinn and spectroscopy of van der Wssk nxkrdes. J. Phys. Chem 9f13301-13, 1986,88-2522 O 13 36 49 63 62 174 Morse MD. clusters of trzuraition-mctdatxna. Chem Rm, W 1049-109, 1986.88-1654 4221036131362 Ned@nvl~ J M, Nenadot46 M T, Mk% O I & Nocik A J. Enbanccd pbntnrxiox chemistry in quantized acmiconductw cnlloida. J. Phys. Chcrrz 90:12-3, 1986.87-3447 62115428858 Newton M D & Stanton R E. Stsbiity of bwkminaterfidlererresnd relsted mutrmrdUSWS. J. Arnm Chcm. Sot. 108:2469-70, 1986, 0142236131766 ~OJ’OliN Ohtc M, Hsfao Y, Kfbmum M, Ohta T & ~aya H. Aaynummic synthesk of iscquirmlii dkzdoids by hnrrmgerwnuscatalysis. J, Arrw Chcm, SW. 10&7117-9, 1986.87-3439, 88-2%9 3201740121264 Ofivarea J A & Houk R S. Suppression of analyte signal by varinus cnmomitant aaftain inductively cnuplcd plasms mass spmmnemy. And. Cfrem 58:2&5, 1986.87-1442, 88U965 2152340202686 Ofstrka K Jfnno K & Morikowa A. Active and selective ratdysts fnr the synthesis of C2H4and C2H6via oxidative muplirrg of methane. J, Cafal. 10&353-9, 1986.87-3077,88-0367 21824441919fi2 PhOlips J C. chemical bcmdirrg,kinetics, and the approach to equilibrium stmcturcs of simple nrc!allic, molrcukr, and nclwnrk micmcluaters Chcrn.Rev. 86:619-34, 1986. 1161936111764 Pitchal R & Kller K. Partialoxidatinn of nw-bane, Cara/. Rev -W Eng. 28:13-88,1986.87-3077, 88-0367 41419372328S8 Raghavachrmi K. ‘llrcorclkd study of sms!l ailirmrclustem equilibrium geometries ad elcz&cmicstmctures of SiAn=2-7, 10). J. Ckm P6Ys. 84:5672-86, 1986. 218153513856 Reed A& Wefnhofd F, Curtis L A & Pochafko D J. Natural bmrdodital snslysis of mokcrdar intcmcdons tlreodcaf studies of birrcrycomplexes of HE HzO, NH3, Nz, OZ.,F2,CO, and C@ with HF. HzO, and NH3. J. Chcm Phys. 845687-5710, 1986. 4171638202482 Rke J& Arena RD, Handy NC, Lae TJ&Scbcefer HFl'hesrrrdytic contlgm-adnn intemctkm gradient mclbnd: application to tk cyclic and OW i~m of tbc S3 nmlecuk. J. Chem Phys, 85:963-8, 1986. 01722394539103 Satn Ma ‘Bumka S & Kaariyama K. SnIuble conducting pnlytMophenes. J. Chem SW Chem. Cmrrrrmrr.8734, 1986.88-040 I 121014368 8 52 Scherer O J, Schwalb J, Wohnerah?h.er G, Kalm W & Grnss R cycb-Ps ss complex ligmd-tbe pbnaphcms arralogueof the cyclnpemtadienyl Iigand. Angsw Chsm. ht. Ed 25:3634,1986. 613163578Kf Scherer N F, Doany F & Zewafl A H & perry J W. Direct picnsemn d time resoluticmof unimnkcular reactions inkiated by lncal mnde excitation. J. Chcm Phys. 84:1932-3, 1986. 11191646151778 ScJdfi@JB, Godeiard WA& Beaucfmm JL. 'lhem'eticdstiesof tmnaitinn-metrdbydrid=. 1. Bordeme@es fnr MH+with M. CC,SC.‘H,V, Cr,Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, cu. and Zn. J. ArrrenChem. Sot. 10&582-4, 1986. 5 14 29 48 31 26 105 Schfe@ H B. Pete.ntislenergy curves using umcstricted Mdler-Pkaw permrbatinrttheory with spin snnibiladnrt. J, Chem P/ry.r.844530-4,1986. 88-1623 0 28 34 62 55 53 170 Milk J K The pslladiumatslyxed cmss-mupling rcsctions of mganotirr mgema witir nrgsnic ekctrnphiles. Angew Chem Au. Ed 25:508-24, 1986.87-1896,88-1539 5 11 19 35 91054 Strcub J IL Bmkovec M & Bernc B J. Nmr-Madcovisn acdvated rste pmceaaex compariann of currenttheories with numerical dsta simulation. J. CtrermPhys.841788-94, 1986.87-6303 4162141211678 Sumf H & Mrrmus R A. Dielecbic-relamtinrr and intmurrolecularelectron transfers.J. Chem Phys. 84:4272-6, 1986. 22333584037135 Sumi H & Marcus R A. Dynamical effects in elecfrnn transferreactinns. 1 Chcrn.Phys. 8448944914, 1986.

111 ABC DEFG Bibfiographfc Data 123194310962 S+k M M & Scheiner S. Cnmcrion of the basis set superpsiticm em in SCF and MP2 interacticmenemies. The water dimer.J. Chem. PhYs. 84:6328-35,1986. 11 9193913456 TkkfI T M, Rirzo T K DiSbrdH-R & Crfm F F. Unimoleadarreactions near threshold the ovamne vibmtion initisted decomposition of HOOH (5VOH).J. Cfwm fhys, &t 1508-20,1986. 152834773419130 ‘llwst B M. [3+2] cyckmddition approaches to five-mcmbaed rings via trimedIykmxnedmne snd its cquivskmts. Angew Chem. /nt Ed 25:1-20, 1986.864493,87-8462, 88-2631 4231933111862 Wetter w Sdtnddt H M, Koch U, Fojtik A, Band S, Heoglein & Kurmth W, Weiss K & Diemtm IL Flmtochemisny of colloids.1 semicoducmrs. OnscI of light ahsmptio~ ss a funclion of size of extremely mud] CdS pmliC1eS.Chrm, Phys. i.ett. 12A5S740, 1986.87-3447 4 16 35 S5 43 49 147 West R. The polysilsm high pnlymcm J. Organometu/. Chem. 30&32746, 1986.874248, gg-6180 4131835121663 Wbettem R L, Zakfn M K Cox D M, Trevor, D J & K&ddorA. Electron binding snd chcrnical ties of spific N& clustem. J. Chat, Phys, 85:1697-8, 1986. 1 15 23 39 21 13 73 Wfberg K B. The concqt of strain in orgsnic chemisuy, Angrw Chrm. Int Ed. 25:312-22, 1986.88-5938 3152341131670 Wfdom B. Lattice mtil of mkmemukions. J. Chem. Phyx 84:6943-54, 1986.87- (X)95, 88-1249 14 18 20 52 18 20 90 Ymnagucld Y, Frkcb u Gaw J, Schaefer H F & ItfnSdey J S. Analytic evduadon md basis set &petxience of intensities of infmrrd spectra J. Chern Phys. 842262-78,1986. 12 26 28 66 19 29 114 ZfutngQLO’BrienS C, Heatlt J~LfuY, Curl RF, Kruto HW& Smdtey R E. Rezwtivityof large carton cluskmx sphemidsl carlmn shells and their possible relevsnce to the formsticmsnd mmphology of xxx. J. Phys. Chem 90525-8, 1986. 87- L167, 88-1654

gether with Angewandte Chemie Intema- lective reactions, enantiomeric specificity, fionaf Efifion is particularly well repre- prochiral stereospecificity, and combina- sented (8 out of 101 papers each in this tions of enzyme specificity, multiple en- database). Review journals traditionally zyme reactions, stereospecific introduction have shown the highest citation impact. of isotope labels, and a prognosis for the titture. The scope of the review is enormous, Research Fronts as there exists an enzyme-catalyzed equiva- lent to most organic reactions and more than Enzymes and Other Catalysts 2,000 known enzymes. Aside from their se- lectivity, the major advantage of enzyrnic The Jones paper, mentioned above, was reactions is that they take place. under mild published as Tetrahedwt Repott (#203). conditions (room temperature, neutral pH), Enzymes have been extensively used in the which minimizes many potential problems, pharmaceutical industry to promote syn- such as rearrangement, within the organic thetic changes in organic molecules, espe- synthesis. cially to act as specific and chid catalysts, Although this is the ordy paper listed on They now see more routine use in biochem- enzyme-mediated synthesis, there are a ical and synthetic organic chemical work. number of pqxxs on other types of catalytic This extensive review (54 pages, 388 refer- reactions. Transition metal complexes of ences) covers the literature of 1984. The small, neutral molecules drew significant in- emphasis is on readily available enzymes, terest. Metal hydrogen complexes were the such as from baker’s yeast. The paper most investigate~ including those of mer- stresses experimental aspects of enzymic ctsry (W.H. Breckenridge, Christopher reactions. Jouvet, and Benoit Seep, University of The review is subdivided into sections Paris-South, OrSay), iridium (see below), about exploiting structural specificity for se- molybdenum and tungsten (Gregory J.

112 Kubas, and colleagues, Los Alamos Na- Tabfe 1: ‘The 21 Jmrnrds that publkbed the papem listed ht the Bibfiegraphy. IIIe nurnbm in parenthe- tional Laboratory, New Mexico), and palla- ses are Ihe 1986 impixt fwtcrs for the jnurnals. ~e dium and platinum (John J. Low and Wil- 1986 impact factor equsls the number of 19s6 citaticms liam A. Goddad, California Institute of received by the 1984-1985 erdcles in a juumsl divided by the number of anicles publisbwi by the jourmd dur- Technology [Cakech], Pasadena). in8 thst mm period.) Data wem taken frurnthe 1984 One such paper is entitled “Some molecu- JCR @, Ihe figures st tie right imiimte how rmmy lar hydrogen complexes of iridium” by papas from each jcmrnalappea in the Bibtiogmphy. Robert H. Crabtrec, Maryellen Latin, and Number L. Bonneviot, Yale University. This JACS Journal of Papels paper describes the new molecular hydro- J. Cbem. Phys. (3.300) 27 gen complexes [IrH(H2)(bq)Lz]+ and J. Amer. Chem. SIX. (4.435) 20 J. phyS. Chem. (2.967) 9 [~H2(H2)(~3)2]’ (bq=7,8-benzoquinolin- *Angew. Chem. Jnt.Ed. (5.335) 8 ate, L=PPh3 or PCy3), and their detection Chem. Rev. (7.400) 8 via 1-H-NMR TI studies. The catrdysts are Clwm. Rrys. Len. (2.226) 7 Anal. Cbem. (3.797) 4 generated through the Hction of molecular J. Org-etrrl. Chem. (1.179) 3 hydrogen with the aquo complex, which is Tecmhedron(2.031) 2 in turn obtained through the reaction of Teuahedmn Lea. (2.158) 2 [Ir(cod)Lz]SbFb in moist methylene chlo- Annu. Rev. Ply Cbem. (7. 159) 1 Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. (2.429) 1 ride at O“Cunder hydrogen. The uptake of fnt. J. Quantum Chem. (1.173) 1 molecular hydrogen is reversible, as passing J. Catal. (2.527) 1 nitrogen gas through the solution rapidly re- J. Cbem. SW. Cbem. Conmnm. (2.385) 1 J. Chmmatogr. Sci. (2.415) 1 forms the aquo complex. J. ChX.Chem. (2.079) 1 The H-H bond is more easily broken in J. P@. Chem. Ref. Data (WA) I the coordinated complex, as a result of the Macromolecules (2.227) 1 OrgsnometaUic.s(3.588) 1 donation from the bond to the metal. This is Pnlyhedmn (1.154) 1 similar to the activation of C-H bonds by metal centers (see below). The mechanism *Also published in German as ilrrgew Chem of the coordinated Hz being deprotonat~ forming the neutral dihydride, is elegantly l’hat review paper covered “The or- shown by isotopicrdly substituting both the ymometallic chemistry of alkanes;’9 and hydridic and dihydrogen sites. In the T] was one of the core papers on “Arene C-H studies (inversion recovery), the dihydrogen ~ond activation, molecular hydrogen com- protons relax much faster than the terminal @exes, catalytic intermolecular h/d ex- , and are thus detectable. ‘Rte au- ;hange, and aliphatic C-H bonds” (#86- thors conclude that it is Iiiely that many 3302).An additional paper on “C-H and H-H other such dihydride complexes are uruec- >ondactivation dissociative vs.nondisswia- ognized in the literature, suggesting that a ive binding to iridium”lo is clearly a precur- m-examination of such materials is in order. mr to the 1986work. This area has appeared in lists of highly Activation of organic ligands by transition cited papers several times before. The bind- netals continues to be heavily studied in- ing of molecular hydrogen to metals was :Iuding the cyclometalation reactions of unknown until 1984, when Kubas and his horium dialkyl complexes (Joseph W. colleagues at Los Alamos characterized the Bmno, Northwestern University, Evanston, Complex llV(H2)(C@(PR3)2].s The origi- Mnois, and colleagues), shape selective hy- nal reference appeared on the 1984 most- iroxylation of alkanes by metalloporphyrin cited chemishy lis~l and other complexes :atalysis (Bruce R Cook ~omas J. have been characterized by the same ?eine~ and Kemeth S. Suslick, University group.q Several papers on this subject ap- ]f Illinois, Urbana Champaign), epoxidation peared on the 1985 list as well.$s ]f olefins by oxo-iron porphyrins (John T. Crabtree’s work in the closely related area 3roves and Yoshito Watanabe, University of C-H bond activation was on our 1985 list. ]f Michigan, Ann Arbor), physical studies

113 of ethylene on the ruthenium (001) surface 1985 lis~ including two by the Exxon group (M.M. Hills and colleagues, Cakech) che- mentioned above 11,12and Morse.13 misorption of methane on Ni(l 11) (M.B. Lee and colleagues, MIT), oxidative dirner- Buckminsteirfidlerene Carbon Cluster ization of methane over lanthanum oxide (Chiu-Hsun Lin and colleagues, Texas In the “organic” area, seven papers dealt A&M, College Station), and the synthesis of with carbon clusters, with GWclusters being ethylene and ethane via oxidative coupling the primary focus. ‘he 1985 literature re- of methane (Kiyoshi Otsuka and colleagues, view described in detail the interest in the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan). hollow molecule “buckrninsterfidlerene; which clearly continues to the present day.z Cluster Chemistry This work formed the core of two research fronts: #87-1267, “Ca.dmn clusters, icosahe- Several research areas continued to be ac- dral CtW,and vanishingly small ring current tive in 1986-the most notable bekg cluster magnetic-susceptibility” (“Footballene a chemistry. Metal clusters have long been theoretical prediction for the stable, trun- studied as models for metal catalysts. Sev- cated icosahedral molecule C@” by A.D.J. eral papem were in the area of tmnsition Hayrne~ University of Cahforni% Berkeley metal clusterx., including metal cluster ion (UCB), and Q.L. Zhang and colleagues, photofragmentation (P.J. Brucat and col- Rice University, discussed in detail below), leagues, Rice University, Houston, Texas), and #88- 1654, “Carbon cluster ions, poten- electronic structure effects in metal clusters tial-energy surfaces, and icosahedrrd gold (Manfred M. Kappes and coworkers, Uni- small particles” (“Resonance in Cm buck- versity of Bern, Switzerlrmd), theoretical as- minsterfkllerene,” by D.J. Klein and col- pects of metal atom clusters (Jaroslav leagues, Texas A&M, Galveston, and “Clus- Kouteck~, Free University of Berlin, Fed- ters of transition metal atoms,” by Morse, eral Republic of Germany (FRG), and mentioned earlier). The other papm focus- Piercarlo Fantucci, University of Milan, ing on buckminstdullerene and other such Italy), electron binding and chemical inert- clusters discussed their photofragmentation, ness of niobium clusters (R.L. Whetten and their electronic structure and bonding, and colleagues, Exxon Research and Engineer- their stability. ing Company, Amandale, New Jersey), and a review paper on the clusters of transition- Soot: Q.L. ihus~’s (kotu) metal atoms (Michael D. Morse, University of Utah, Srdt Lake City). An additional re- Aside horn their aesthetic and catalytic view paper appeared on the subject of ionic apperd, large carbon clusters are thought to clusters (A.W. Castleman and R.G. Keesee, be key intermediates in the formation and Pennsylvania State University, University morphology of SOOLthe subject of the paper Park). by Zhang et rd., published in the .Journd of Smaller clusters also were covered in a Physicul Chemis~. An earlier paper14 on review paper dealing with the huiing, ki- this subjec~ by H.W. Kroto and colleagues, netics, and approach to equilibrium struc- was the second most-cited paper in the 1985 tures of simple metallic, molecular, and net- listz and is one of the core papers on “Srnrdl work microclusters (J.C. PhiUips, AT&T clusters, metal cluster ion pho- Bell Labs, Murray Hill, New Jersey), as was tofragmentatio~ Fourier transform ion cy- an additional equilibrium structure theoreti- clotron resonance mass spectrometry, and cal study (Krishnrm Raghavachari, AT&T magic numbefl (#86-2748). The Rice Uni- Bell Labs). l%nslly, electronic wave func- versity group proposes that the stability of tions were studied for semiconductor clus- the C60 cluster arises from the ability of ters (Louis Brus, AT&T Bell Labs). Several small sections of the graphite sheet (from papers on this topic also appeared in the which the buckminsterfullerene is prepared

114 by vaporization) to close into spheroidal tensive theoretical studies of the hydrogen- shells, thereby eliminating any reactive bonded complexes (H20~, (H20~+, edges. (HF)2, (HF)2H+, F2H-, and (NH3)2,”by Mi- All clusters containing even numbers of chael J. Frisch, UCB, Janet E. Del Bene, carbon atoms in the 40-80 carbon range, in Youngstown State Univemity, Ohio, J. Ste- fac~ were found to be resistant to chemical phen Birddey, Sandia National Laboratories, attack. This is attributed to the possibility of Livermore, California, and Henry F. Schae- forming closed shells by using a combina- fer, University of Georgia Atlanta. Pub- tion of 12 pentagons and (n/2)-10 hexagons lished in the Journal of Chemical Physics, (n=munber of carbons). Odd clusters cannot this study examines the above-mentioned form such closed shells, and are quite rea- molecules using large basis sets and optimi- ctive.This reactivity, and the propensity to zation of structures, including the effects of form closed shells offers a possible mecha- electron comelation. Single bond energies of nism for soot formation the reactive odd excellent accuracy are obtained in this man- clusters try to form closed shells, but be- ner (usurdly +2 kcalhnol). Comparisons of cause of the abundance of hydrogen in the previous theoretical stiles with experimen- flame, etc., the carbon net is likely to close tal data w made. Frisch coauthored a paper imperfectly, mmhing in a second shell be- with Del Bene and J.A. Pople, Carnegie- ginning before the first has been completed. Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylva- The overall result is a soot nucleus consist- nia on this subject in the 1985 lis~ entitled ing of concentric, but irnperfeet, sphere, “Molecular orbital study of the dimers which presents an active front for further (AHq)2 formed from NH3, 0H2, FH, PH3, growth. Earlier work investigated inorganic SH2,and ClH.”lb aspects using the Cm and smaller clusters as complex ligands, similar to benzene and cy- clopentadiene, in the area of main group and Electron Transfer ReactioM Silicon Ianthanide chemistry.ls Chendstry, and Other Research Fronts

Hydroxyl Radical: R. Atkinson Other significant research areas included dectron transfer reactions and silicon chem- As noted earlier, the Chemical Reviews Nuy. The broadest research front in 1987- paper detailing the “Kinetics and mecha- 1988 (Table 2) centered on “Ab initio caku- nisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hy- Iation, C-H bond, and formation for droxyl radkxd with organic compounds 2nd-row ” (#88-1623). Of 56 core under atmospheric wnditions;’ by Atkin- papersfor this front only two papers wrxe son, was the second most-cited paper. The from this 1986 list (B. Andes Hess, hydroxyl (OH) radical plays an important Wndefillt University, Nashville, and col- role in combustion and atmospheric chemis- leagues, and N. Bernhard Sehlegel, Wayne try, serving as the dominant species in the We University, Detroit). However, there degradation of organic compounds. Thus, were 1,057 citing (published) papers in the kinetics and mechanism of OH radical 1988 alone. It also is tied to the more gen- reactions have been the focus of a large xal area of C-H bond activation by transi- number of investigations. This extensive re- ion metrds, discussed earlier. view (132 pages, 550 references) covers The second largest front (#88-0270), with those mechanisms that occur at tempera- 726 published papers in 1988, dealt with tures below 5C0K ‘Intramolecular electmm-transfer, sohtion iynamics, solvent saturation and dioxygen Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes mpper reactivity.” Of 50 core papers, two ~ere from this list (G.L. Closs et al., Uni- One of the highly cited prpm is in the versity of Chicago, and Edward M. ama of theoretical chemistrv. entitled “Ex- @sower and Dan HuDDeI-t. Tel-Aviv Uni-

115 lhbk z ‘me 1987 and 19sa ISI@ resenrdl froras thatinclude at least two of the must-cited 1’%6Chcmishy pspers 8s cme documents. A–~umba of Bibliography papers that we cm’e tn each rcscamh frum. B=total numter of are dncmuents. C=tutd number of citing papers publkbcd for the year designated by the pint%..

Number Name ABC 87-1267 Carbnn clusters. icusahdmi Ca, and vanisbingty smatl ring currentmaguctic- 3 16 189 susceptibih~ 87-1442 inductively coupled plasma mas?-spectmmetry, tin isctupe mtias in geological 222 131 materiafs,and easily ionizable concomitant elements S7-3377 Oxidative mupliig of melbsne, oxide catalysts, ml highly seledive dsne formation 220122 87-3447 Ccdloidtdsemiconductor paeticles, size quantization, and illuminated CdS 3 21 I95 874349 Molccukr-bydmgcm complexes, dihyckogen cmrdination, methane xtivatinn, and 3799 dinitmgen ligsnds 8&0270 tntramokdar ekctmn-tmnsfer, sulvation dynamics, solvent satumtion, and dkxygen 2 50 726 copper reactivity WL0367 Oxidative coupling of methane, CO+ NO, and RB+ doped MGO catalysts 2 43 361 88-0529 Ftuwtiomalkd organcwoppa reagents. allylic stmeoce.nterdirected asymmenic conjugate 2 21 169 additiom crganucupmte rxtivity selectivity, and cnppef chemistry 88-1623 Ab initio calcuhtiom C-H bud and formaticmfur wxmnd-row bydrkfes 2 56 1,057 88-1654 Csrbon cluster ions, potentiakncrgy smfaces, ad icomhedcd gold Smau particles 18 3 240 88-2569 Molectdar-hydmgen cnmplexes, reversible pmtonstion of iron dihydridcs, oligupbospbam 39128 ligands, and T12-Hzfur R versity, Israel). But, as mentioned pre- authoring three papers (see papers by viously, three of these papers dealt with Frisch, Rice, and Yarnagtschi).As noted in electron transfer. Table 3, the number of authors per paper Other fronts appearing in the 1985 report ranged from one to nine. The mean was just that remain active include: #87-1442, “In- under three (2.9). One Nobel lauteate ap- ductively coupled plasma mass-spectrome- peaed on the list, Donald J. - Univer- try, boron isotope ratios in geological mate- sity of Califomi% Los Angeles (chemistry, rials, and easily ionizable concomitant 1987).18Many of the authors were also rep elements,” and #87-3077, “Oxidative cou- resented on the 1984 and 1985 lists, indicat- pling of methane, oxide catalysts, and ing the continuing interest in theif feseareh. highly selective etbarse formation.” Work in Universities and research institutes from this area was mentioned above as pat of the many nations were represented (Table 4). general research in activation of organic The largest number (77) of authors contin- ligands by transition metals. ued to be from the US, followed by the FRG Many research fronts experienced de- (8), the UK (5), and Israel and Japan (4 clines in interest, as they matured and each). International coauthorship was wide- broadened out. Nuclear magnetic resonance spread, accounting for more than 10 percent (NMR) was the dominant research front in of the papers. The most prolific institutions 198317 and in 1985.2 However, it all but were Caltech (8 papers) and UCB (6). In disappeared from the 1986 list, with only addition, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Argome one paper (Ad Bax, National Institutes of Health, and Michael F. Summers, Food and lhbte 3: Tbe tmmbrr d authors pa paper for the Drug Administration, Bethesd% Maryland) 1986 chemistry aaides mmt cited in the SCI ~, 1981$1988. on the subject. And the research front on superconductivity disappeared altogether. Ntmtber nf Number Authors of per Paper Papel% Authors 9 1 7 2 A grand total of 293 authors were repre- 6 5 sented on the 1986 list of most-cited papers. 5 10 The majority, 269, were authors on single 4 17 3 19 papers, while 23 were associated with two 2 24 papers. Schaefer was the most prolific, co- 1 23

116 National Laboratory, Illinois and the Uni- l%rbte4 Nattmrd Iocirtfonaof OreInaUtutforrafafiitia- versity of Wkconsin, Madison, each pub- Iiona listed by aurhom in OreBibliography, according to total IMpem(column A). B=nurnber of papers cm lished five papers. authored with maearcherardlliated with inatitrrtimsin other cmrntriea. C=rrationd locations of institutions Concluswns listed by coauthors country AB c Several trends seen in earlier studies con- us 77 9 Auarralk, Czechoslovakia, tinue here. The top three journals remain the FRG, Iareal.Spin, UK, same, although their order has changed. For Yugoslavia the fust time, the Journal of the American FRG 86 Iaraa My, UK, us UK 52 FRG, US Chemical Society did not publish the largest Israel 44 FRG, US number of most-cited papers, dropping to Japan 40 second with 20 (Table 1). Chemicrd physics Ausrmtia 21 us France 20 and physical chemistry journals dominate, Poland 21 ‘t’hsNeihertands including the Journal of Chemical Physics Canada 10 ( lst, 27 papers), the Journal of Physical Czechoslovakia 11 us GDR 10 Chemist~ (3rd, 9 papers) and, Chenu”cal Italy 11 FRG Physics Letters (5th, 7 papers). An addi- The Netherkurda 11 Potarrd tional four papers appear in other physical Spain 11 us SwitzerIarrd 10 chemistry journals. Only two review jour- Yugoslavia 11 us nals turned up-chemical Reviews and An- nual Review of Physical Chemistry. One no- table change is the absence of Accounts of Iished in German but also appeared in En- Chemical Reseamh (4th on the 1985 list). glish translation (Angewandte Chemie inter- As has been the case in the past, the over- national Edition). whelming majority of highly cited papers The closely related areas of catalysis and were published in English-the sole excep- cluster chemistry (both transition metal and tion was a paper in German on a “Chance cartron) dominate the list. This is reinforced discovery in the case of rhenium: oxo-com- by the largest of the research fronts, dealing plexes in high and low oxidation states,” by with theoretical calculations of C-H bond Wolfgang A. Herrtrtann, University of Mu- strengths in second-row metal hydrides. nich, FRG, in the Journal of Orgarrometal- However, NMR and superconductivity dis- lic Chernist~. It has been noted here in the appeared from this year’s list. This does not past that publication of a paper in a lan- mean a lack of interest in these areas, guage other than English usually guarantees merely that no paper published in 1986 te- a lower impact. 19 However. Herrmann also ceived the threshold level of citations. Errr- published another paper on the iist in En- lier papers in these areas continued to be glish. An additional eight papers were pub- heavily cited.

Note from Eugene Garfield

Since the publication of this analysis was delayed by a year, there was the additional benefit of learning how many of these paws continued to be utilized in 1989 and 1990. llre addition of these data dernons~ate that work in chemistry usually requires a much longer pximi of time to demonstrate its impact. Consider especially the papers by Atkinson,Bax, Brus,Clozs,Dance, Frisch, Hess, Hynes, Jones, Jurcr.ak, Kavarnos, Kotrtec~, Morse, Sate, Stille, Surni, and West. The paper by J.B. Jones appears to & well on its way to Citation Ckassic @ statoa. And, not surprisingly, the subject of enzymes in organic synthesis haa become a very hot area of chemistry, as implied in the opening of this essay, T$e Jones paper is the most-cited core paper in research front — #89-0501, Lipase cataly~d rmmeater- ifications in organic-solvents, enzymatic catalysis, immobilized enzymes, and enantiomeric purity— well ahead of the number two core paper by G.M.Whitesidesthat waa one of the 100 most-cited 1985 chemistry papers from my earlier essay,z

117 REFERENCES

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