Natural Resource Ecology and Management 1
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Wildlife Management in the National Parks
wildlife management IN THE NATIONAL PARKS wildlife management IN IHE NATIONAL PARKS 1969 REPRINT FROM ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES FOR NATURAL AREAS OF THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR • NATIONAL PARK SERVICE For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 15 cents WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT IN THE NATIONAL PARKS ADVISORY BOARD ON WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, APPOINTED BY SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR UDALL A. S. Leopold (Chairman), S. A. Cain, C. M. Cottam, I. N. Gabrielson, T. L. Kimball March 4, 1963 Historical In the Congressional Act of 1916 which created the National Park Service, preservation of native animal' life was clearly specified as one of the pur poses of the parks. A frequently quoted passage of the Act states "... which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoy ment of future generations." In implementing this Act, the newly formed Park Service developed a philosophy of wildlife protection, which in that era was indeed the most obvious and immediate need in wildlife conservation. Thus the parks were established as refuges, the animal populations were protected from wildfire. For a time predators were controlled to protect the "good" ani mals from the "bad" ones, but this endeavor mercifully ceased in the 1930's. On the whole, there was little major change in the Park Service practice of wildlife management during the first 40 years of its existence. -
Climate Change's Impact on Key Ecosystem Services and the Human
US CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS Climate change’s impact on key ecosystem 483 services and the human well-being they support in the US Erik J Nelson1*, Peter Kareiva2, Mary Ruckelshaus3,4, Katie Arkema3,4, Gary Geller5, Evan Girvetz2,4, Dave Goodrich6, Virginia Matzek7, Malin Pinsky8, Walt Reid9, Martin Saunders7, Darius Semmens10, and Heather Tallis3† Climate change alters the functions of ecological systems. As a result, the provision of ecosystem services and the well-being of people that rely on these services are being modified. Climate models portend continued warming and more frequent extreme weather events across the US. Such weather-related disturbances will place a premium on the ecosystem services that people rely on. We discuss some of the observed and anticipated impacts of climate change on ecosystem service provision and livelihoods in the US. We also highlight promis- ing adaptive measures. The challenge will be choosing which adaptive strategies to implement, given limited resources and time. We suggest using dynamic balance sheets or accounts of natural capital and natural assets to prioritize and evaluate national and regional adaptation strategies that involve ecosystem services. Front Ecol Environ 2013; 11(9): 483–493, doi:10.1890/120312 limate change has altered and will continue to alter are ecosystem services. Climate change is expected to Cthe provision, timing, and location of ecosystem increasingly impact, both positively and negatively, the functions across landscapes. Ecosystem functions, such as provision and value of welfare-enhancing services in the nutrient recycling in soil and the timing and volume of US and around the world (Staudinger et al. -
The Case for Stronger Regulation of Environmental Marketing
University of Missouri School of Law Scholarship Repository Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship Summer 2020 Greenwashing No More: The Case for Stronger Regulation of Environmental Marketing Robin M. Rotman Chloe J. Gossett Hope D. Goldman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/facpubs Part of the Environmental Law Commons, and the Marketing Law Commons 08. ALR 72.3_ROTMAN (ARTICLE) (DO NOT DELETE) 8/22/2020 11:30 PM GREENWASHING NO MORE: THE CASE FOR STRONGER REGULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING ROBIN M. ROTMAN*, CHLOE J. GOSSETT**, AND HOPE D. GOLDMAN*** Fraudulent and deceptive environmental claims in marketing (sometimes called “greenwashing”) are a persistent problem in the United States, despite nearly thirty years of efforts by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to prevent it. This Essay focuses on a recent trend in greenwashing—fraudulent “organic” claims for nonagricultural products, such as home goods and personal care products. We offer three recommendations. First, we suggest ways that the FTC can strengthen its oversight of “organic” claims for nonagricultural products and improve coordination with the USDA. Second, we argue for inclusion of guidelines for “organic” claims in the next revision of the FTC’s Guidelines for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (often referred to as the “Green Guides”), which the FTC is scheduled to revise in 2022. Finally, we assert that the FTC should formalize the Green Guides as binding regulations, rather than their current form as nonbinding interpretive guidance, as the USDA has done for the National Organic Program (NOP) regulations. This Essay concludes that more robust regulatory oversight of “organic” claims, together with efforts by the FTC to prevent other forms of greenwashing, will ultimately bolster demand for sustainable products and incentivize manufacturers to innovate to meet this demand. -
Ecosystem Services and Natural Resources
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND NATURAL RESOURCES Porter Hoagland1*, Hauke Kite-Powell1, Di Jin1, and Charlie Colgan2 1Marine Policy Center Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543 2Center for the Blue Economy Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Monterey, CA 93940 *Corresponding author. This working paper is a preliminary draft for discussion by participants at the Mid-Atlantic Blue Ocean Economy 2030 meeting. Comments and suggestions are wel- come. Please do not quote or cite without the permission of the authors. 1. Introduction All natural resources, wherever they are found, comprise physical features of the Earth that have economic value when they are in short supply. The supply status of natural resources can be the result of natural occurrences or affected by human degradation or restoration, new scientific in- sights or technological advances, or regulation. The economic value of natural resources can ex- pand or contract with varying environmental conditions, shifting human uses and preferences, and purposeful investments, depletions, or depreciation. It has now become common to characterize flows of goods and services from natural resources, referred to as “ecosystem” (or sometimes “environmental”) services (ESs). The values of ES flows can arise through direct, indirect, or passive uses of natural resources, in markets or as public goods, and a variety of methodologies have been developed to measure and estimate these values. Often the values of ES flows are underestimated or even ignored, and the resulting im- plicit subsidies may lead to the overuse or degradation of the relevant resources or even the broader environment (Fenichel et al. 2016). Where competing uses of resources are potentially mutually exclusive in specific locations or over time, it is helpful to be able to assess—through explicit tradeoffs—the values of ES flows that may be gained or lost when one or more uses are assigned or gain preferential treatment over others. -
Ecosystem Services of Collectively Managed Urban Gardens : Exploring Factors Affecting Synergies and Tradeoffs
Ecosystem services of collectively managed urban gardens : exploring factors affecting synergies and trade-offs at the site level Dennis, M and James, P http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.05.009 Title Ecosystem services of collectively managed urban gardens : exploring factors affecting synergies and trade-offs at the site level Authors Dennis, M and James, P Type Article URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/42449/ Published Date 2017 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. 1 Ecosystem services of collectively managed urban gardens: exploring factors affecting synergies 2 and trade-offs at the site level 3 4 Abstract 5 Collective management of urban green space is being acknowledged and promoted. The need to 6 understand productivity and potential trade-offs between co-occurring ecosystem services arising 7 from collectively managed pockets of green space is pivotal to the design and promotion of both 8 productive urban areas and effective stakeholder participation in their management. Quantitative 9 assessments of ecosystem service production were obtained from detailed site surveys at ten 10 examples of collectively managed urban gardens in Greater Manchester, UK. Correlation analyses 11 demonstrated high levels of synergy between ecological (biodiversity) and social (learning and well- 12 being) benefits related to such spaces. -
EAZA Bushmeat Campaign
B USHMEAT | R AINFOREST | T IGER | S HELLSHOCK | R HINO | M ADAGASCAR | A MPHIBIAN | C ARNIVORE | A PE EAZA Conservation Campaigns EAZA Bushmeat Over the last ten years Europe’s leading zoos and aquariums have worked together in addressing a variety of issues affecting a range of species and Campaign habitats. EAZA’s annual conservation campaigns have raised funds and promoted awareness amongst 2000-2001 millions of zoo visitors each year, as well as providing the impetus for key regulatory change. | INTRODUCTION | The first of EAZA's annual conservation campaigns addressed the issue of the unsustainable and illegal hunting and trade of threatened wildlife, in particular the great apes. Bushmeat is a term commonly used to describe the hunting and trade of wild meat. For the Bushmeat Campaign EAZA collaborated with the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) as an official partner in order to enhance the chances of a successful campaign. The Bushmeat Campaign can be regarded as the ‘template campaign’ for the EAZA conservation campaigns that followed over the subsequent ten years. | CAMPAIGN AIMS | Through launching the Bushmeat Campaign EAZA hoped to make a meaningful contribution to the conservation of great apes in the wild, particularly in Africa, over the next 20 to 50 years. The bushmeat trade was (and still is) a serious threat to the survival of apes in the wild. Habitat loss and deforestation have historically been the major causal factors for declining populations of great apes, but experts now agree that the illegal commercial bushmeat trade has surpassed habitat loss as the primary threat to ape populations. -
Supplemental Wildlife Food Planting Manual for the Southeast • Contents
Supplemental Wildlife Food Planting Manual for the Southeast • Contents Managing Plant Succession ................................ 4 Openings ............................................................. 6 Food Plot Size and Placement ............................ 6 Soil Quality and Fertilization .............................. 6 Preparing Food Plots .......................................... 7 Supplemental Forages ............................................................................................................................. 8 Planting Mixtures/Strip Plantings ......................................................................................................... 9 Legume Seed Inoculation ...................................................................................................................... 9 White-Tailed Deer ............................................................................................................................... 10 Eastern Wild Turkey ............................................................................................................................ 11 Northern Bobwhite .............................................................................................................................. 12 Mourning Dove ................................................................................................................................... 13 Waterfowl ............................................................................................................................................ -
Effects of Global Warming on Wildlife and Human Health
Effects of Global Warming on Wildlife and Human Health Jennifer Lopez Editor Werner Lang Aurora McClain csd Center for Sustainable Development I-Context Challenge 2 1.2 Effects of Global Warming on Health Effects of Global Warm- ing on Wildlife and Human Health Jennifer Lopez Based on a presentation by Dr. Camille Parmesan main picture of presentation Figure 1: Earth from Outer Space. Introduction of greenhouse emissions.”4 Finally in 2007, the Fourth IPCC Assessment report concluded Global warming is defined as “the increase that the “warming of the climate system is un- in the average measured temperature of the equivocal” and “is very likely [> 90% sure] due Earth’s near surface air and oceans”.1 For the to observed increases in anthropogenic green- past several decades scientists have docu- house gas concentrations.”5 Based on these mented multiple aspects of climate change, conclusions, many scientists and environmen- including rising surface air temperature, rising talists have focused their efforts on sustainable ocean temperature, changes in rain and snow- living and are pushing for energy alternatives fall patterns, declines in permanent snowpack which produce little or no carbon-dioxide to and sea ice, and a rise in sea level.2 Through reduce greenhouse gas emissions. their research, scientists have been able not only to document changes in climate and the Effects of temperature change physical environment, but have also docu- mented effects that this phenomenon is having Scientists have concluded that in the past 100 on the world’s ecosystems and species, many years, the Earth’s average air temperature has of which are negative. -
MS-LS2-1 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics
MS-LS2-1 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics Students who demonstrate understanding can: MS-LS2-1. Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on cause and effect relationships between resources and growth of individual organisms and the numbers of organisms in ecosystems during periods of abundant and scarce resources.] The performance expectation above was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Science and Engineering Disciplinary Core Ideas Crosscutting Concepts Practices LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships Cause and Effect in Ecosystems Analyzing and Interpreting Data Cause and effect relationships Analyzing data in 6–8 builds on K–5 Organisms, and populations of may be used to predict experiences and progresses to organisms, are dependent on their phenomena in natural or designed extending quantitative analysis to environmental interactions both with systems. other living things and with nonliving investigations, distinguishing between correlation and causation, and basic factors. statistical techniques of data and error In any ecosystem, organisms and analysis. populations with similar requirements Analyze and interpret data to for food, water, oxygen, or other provide evidence for phenomena. resources may compete with each other for limited resources, access to which consequently constrains their growth and reproduction. Growth of organisms and population increases are limited by access to resources. Observable features of the student performance by the end of the course: 1 Organizing data a Students organize the given data (e.g., using tables, graphs, and charts) to allow for analysis and interpretation of relationships between resource availability and organisms in an ecosystem, including: i. -
Fact Sheet on Health and Biodiversity
Living in harmony with nature Health and Biodiversity We rely on biodiversity to stay healthy. Biodiversity sustains our food supply, is a source of medicines, and supports the provision of clean air and fresh water while also contributing to economic development, cultural and spiritual enrichment. It is now also widely recognized that biodiversity is affected by climate change, with negative consequences for human well-being, but biodiversity, through the ecosystem services it supports, also makes an important contribution to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. As all people require freedom from illness as well as social, emotional, physical, spiritual and cultural well-being, we cannot have healthy societies without biodiversity. Changes to biodiversity can have severe and unpredictable effects on the health of all living things, including people. Clearing new land, for example, can bring people into closer contact with wildlife that may transmit their diseases to humans and also promote the spread of disease from humans to animals. It may also reduce populations of predators that hold disease-carrying organisms in check. In addition, clearing of land may bring about the loss of plants and other organisms useful in medical research or that may contain substances used as medicines. People in developing countries face particularly heavy health burdens from a loss of biodiversity, with impacts on food supply and quality, medicines, and cultural and religious values. It has been estimated that approximately 80% of the world’s population from developing countries rely mainly on traditional medicines derived from plants and that 25% of prescriptions dispensed in United States pharmacies contained plant extracts or active ingredients derived from plants. -
Environmental and Natural Resources; Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Career Cluster
Statewide Program of Study: Environmental and Natural Resources; Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Career Cluster Principles of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Level 1 Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecology Management/Lab Forestry and Woodland Ecosystems/Lab Level 2 Range Ecology Management/Lab Energy and Natural Resources Technology/Lab Level 3 Advanced Energy and Natural Resource/Lab Practicum in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Level 4 Project-Based Research Scientific Research and Design MASTER’S/ Median Annual HIGH SCHOOL/ DOCTORAL Occupations Wage Openings % Growth INDUSTRY CERTIFICATE/ ASSOCIATE’S BACHELOR’S PROFESSIONAL Environmental $53,352 101 32% CERTIFICATION LICENSE* DEGREE DEGREE DEGREE Engineering Technicians Wastewater Board Certified Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental Engineers $86,757 288 25% Collections, Class Environmental Science Science Science 1 Engineer - Environmental Science $40,268 508 17% Hazardous Waste and Protection Management Technicians, Including Health Environmental Scientists $77,896 644 24% Water Operators, Certified Water Environmental Environmental/ Environmental/ Class D Technologist Studies Environmental Environmental and Specialists, Including Health Health Health Engineering Engineering Zoologists and Wildlife $67,309 45 32% OSHA Hazardous Certified Wildlife, Fish, Wildlife, Fish, Wildlife, Fish, and Biologists Waste Operations Environmental and and Woodlands Woodlands and Emergency Scientist Woodlands Science and Science and Response Science and Management Management Management WORK BASED LEARNING AND EXPANDED Certified in Public Environmental Natural Fishing and Health Engineering Resources Law Fisheries Science LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES Technology/ Enforcement and Management Work Based Learning Environmental and Protective Exploration Activities: Activities: Technology Services Attend summer leadership events Intern at a waste treatment plant Additional industry-based certification information is available on Texas FFA FFA Supervised Agriculture Experience the TEA CTE website. -
Natural Resources and Wildlife Management Statistics
Natural Resources and Wildlife Management 2018-19 State Results Statistics data includes students taking exams in the original testing period and includes students retaking exams. The Score Distribution and Standards performance tables show results for original testing period only for accurate evaluation of live testing performance. Statistics Categories Performance Participants 3 Pass Rate 3 Pass Percentage 100.0% Average Score 73.0 Cut Score 65 Score Distribution % Range # Scores in Range 0-15 0 15-25 0 25-35 0 35-45 0 45-55 0 55-65 1 65-75 1 75-85 1 85-95 0 95-100 0 Natural Resources and Wildlife Management 1) CONTENT STANDARD 1.0: EXPLORE NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 75.93% 1) Performance Standard 1.1 : Investigate the Relationship Between Natural Resources and Society, Including Conflict Management 72.22% 1) 1.1.1 Define natural resource management 77.78% 3) 1.1.3 Describe human dependency and demands on natural resources 88.89% 4) 1.1.4 Explain natural resource conservation 66.67% 5) 1.1.5 Investigate the effects of multiple uses of natural resources (e.g., recreation, mining, agriculture, forestry, public lands grazing, etc.) 66.67% 6) 1.1.6 Analyze societal issues related to natural resource management 50% 2) Performance Standard 1.2 : Explain Interrelationships Between Natural Resources and Humans in Managing Natural Environments 86.67% 1) 1.2.1 Explain the effects and/or trade-off of population growth, greater energy consumption, and increased technology and development on natural resources and the environment 83.33%