Chord Scale Theory
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Harmony Crib Sheets
Jazz Harmony Primer General stuff There are two main types of harmony found in modern Western music: 1) Modal 2) Functional Modal harmony generally involves a static drone, riff or chord over which you have melodies with notes chosen from various scales. It’s common in rock, modern jazz and electronic dance music. It predates functional harmony, too. In some types of modal music – for example in jazz - you get different modes/chord scale sounds over the course of a piece. Chords and melodies can be drawn from these scales. This kind of harmony is suited to the guitar due to its open strings and retuning possibilities. We see the guitar take over as a songwriting instrument at about the same time as the modes become popular in pop music. Loop based music also encourages this kind of harmony. It has become very common in all areas of music since the late 20th century under the influence of rock and folk music, composers like Steve Reich, modal jazz pioneered by Miles Davis and John Coltrane, and influences from India, the Middle East and pre-classical Western music. Functional harmony is a development of the kind of harmony used by Bach and Mozart. Jazz up to around 1960 was primarily based on this kind of harmony, and jazz improvisation was concerned with the improvising over songs written by the classically trained songwriters and film composers of the era. These composers all played the piano, so in a sense functional harmony is piano harmony. It’s not really guitar shaped. When I talk about functional harmony I’ll mostly be talking about ways we can improvise and compose on pre-existing jazz standards rather than making up new progressions. -
Riemann's Functional Framework for Extended Jazz Harmony James
Riemann’s Functional Framework for Extended Jazz Harmony James McGowan The I or tonic chord is the only chord which gives the feeling of complete rest or relaxation. Since the I chord acts as the point of rest there is generated in the other chords a feeling of tension or restlessness. The other chords therefore must 1 eventually return to the tonic chord if a feeling of relaxation is desired. Invoking several musical metaphors, Ricigliano’s comment could apply equally well to the tension and release of any tonal music, not only jazz. Indeed, such metaphors serve as essential points of departure for some extended treatises in music theory.2 Andrew Jaffe further associates “tonic,” “stability,” and “consonance,” when he states: “Two terms used to refer to the extremes of harmonic stability and instability within an individual chord or a chord progression are dissonance and consonance.”3 One should acknowledge, however, that to the non-jazz reader, reference to “tonic chord” implicitly means triad. This is not the case for Ricigliano, Jaffe, or numerous other writers of pedagogical jazz theory.4 Rather, in complete indifference to, ignorance of, or reaction against the common-practice principle that only triads or 1 Ricigliano 1967, 21. 2 A prime example, Berry applies the metaphor of “motion” to explore “Formal processes and element-actions of growth and decline” within different musical domains, in diverse stylistic contexts. Berry 1976, 6 (also see 111–2). An important precedent for Berry’s work in the metaphoric dynamism of harmony and other parameters is found in the writings of Kurth – particularly in his conceptions of “sensuous” and “energetic” harmony. -
Allan Holdsworth Schille Reshaping Harmony
BJØRN ALLAN HOLDSWORTH SCHILLE RESHAPING HARMONY Master Thesis in Musicology - February 2011 Institute of Musicology| University of Oslo 3001 2 2 Acknowledgment Writing this master thesis has been an incredible rewarding process, and I would like to use this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to those who have assisted me in my work. Most importantly I would like to thank my wonderful supervisors, Odd Skårberg and Eckhard Baur, for their good advice and guidance. Their continued encouragement and confidence in my work has been a source of strength and motivation throughout these last few years. My thanks to Steve Hunt for his transcription of the chord changes to “Pud Wud” and helpful information regarding his experience of playing with Allan Holdsworth. I also wish to thank Jeremy Poparad for generously providing me with the chord changes to “The Sixteen Men of Tain”. Furthermore I would like to thank Gaute Hellås for his incredible effort of reviewing the text and providing helpful comments where my spelling or formulations was off. His hard work was beyond what any friend could ask for. (I owe you one!) Big thanks to friends and family: Your love, support and patience through the years has always been, and will always be, a source of strength. And finally I wish to acknowledge Arne Torvik for introducing me to the music of Allan Holdsworth so many years ago in a practicing room at the Grieg Academy of Music in Bergen. Looking back, it is obvious that this was one of those life-changing moments; a moment I am sincerely grateful for. -
The Evolution of Ornette Coleman's Music And
DANCING IN HIS HEAD: THE EVOLUTION OF ORNETTE COLEMAN’S MUSIC AND COMPOSITIONAL PHILOSOPHY by Nathan A. Frink B.A. Nazareth College of Rochester, 2009 M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2012 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2016 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Nathan A. Frink It was defended on November 16, 2015 and approved by Lawrence Glasco, PhD, Professor, History Adriana Helbig, PhD, Associate Professor, Music Matthew Rosenblum, PhD, Professor, Music Dissertation Advisor: Eric Moe, PhD, Professor, Music ii DANCING IN HIS HEAD: THE EVOLUTION OF ORNETTE COLEMAN’S MUSIC AND COMPOSITIONAL PHILOSOPHY Nathan A. Frink, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 Copyright © by Nathan A. Frink 2016 iii DANCING IN HIS HEAD: THE EVOLUTION OF ORNETTE COLEMAN’S MUSIC AND COMPOSITIONAL PHILOSOPHY Nathan A. Frink, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 Ornette Coleman (1930-2015) is frequently referred to as not only a great visionary in jazz music but as also the father of the jazz avant-garde movement. As such, his work has been a topic of discussion for nearly five decades among jazz theorists, musicians, scholars and aficionados. While this music was once controversial and divisive, it eventually found a wealth of supporters within the artistic community and has been incorporated into the jazz narrative and canon. Coleman’s musical practices found their greatest acceptance among the following generations of improvisers who embraced the message of “free jazz” as a natural evolution in style. -
A Chord-Scale Approach to Automatic Jazz Improvisation
A CHORD-SCALE APPROACH TO AUTOMATIC JAZZ IMPROVISATION Junqi Deng, Yu-Kwong Kwok Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong fjqdeng,[email protected] ABSTRACT Chord Scale 7 Mixolydian, Phrygian-Dominant, Whole-tone maj7 Lydian, Lydian-Dominant, Ionian, Ionian#5 Jazz improvisation has been one of the biggest challenges min7 Dorian, Phrygian, Aeolian in all kinds of musical goals. This late breaking article de- min7b5 Locrian, Locrian#2 scribes a machine to automate this process in a certain de- 7b9 Phrygian-Dominant gree. This machine has three major components: a jazz maj7#11 Lydian maj7#5 Ionian#5 chord estimator, a local scale tracker, and a improvised dim7 Whole-half Diminished melody generator. Simple demo tracks have been gener- ated in terms of chord-melody to showcase the effective- Table 1. Chord-scale choices examples ness and potentials of this system. they learn through extensive practices [4]. To be precise, 1. INTRODUCTION instead of generating notes from the scales, they create Jazz improvisation is considered one of the most difficult phrases that belong to the chord-scale. An infinite number tasks among all kinds of instrumental performances. The of note sequences can be generated out of the chord-scale, difficulty is mainly due to the complex harmonic structure but only some are acceptable to human musical aesthetics. in jazz, the complicated licks and patterns, and the intricate In addition to create phrases within a single harmonic re- musical relationship between these phrases and the har- gion, they also pay attention to the coherence along and monic context. -
City, University of London Institutional Repository
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Lockett, P.W. (1988). Improvising pianists : aspects of keyboard technique and musical structure in free jazz - 1955-1980. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/8259/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] IMPROVISING PIANISTS: ASPECTS OF KEYBOARD TECHNIQUE AND MUSICAL STRUCTURE IN FREE JAll - 1955-1980. Submitted by Mark Peter Wyatt Lockett as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The City University Department of Music May 1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No I List of Figures 3 IIListofRecordings............,........ S III Acknowledgements .. ..... .. .. 9 IV Abstract .. .......... 10 V Text. Chapter 1 .........e.e......... 12 Chapter 2 tee.. see..... S S S 55 Chapter 3 107 Chapter 4 ..................... 161 Chapter 5 ••SS•SSSS....SS•...SS 212 Chapter 6 SS• SSSs•• S•• SS SS S S 249 Chapter 7 eS.S....SS....S...e. -
Joe's Guitar Method Towards a Jazz Improviser's Technique
Joe’s Guitar Method Towards A Jazz Improviser’s Technique I. Intro Pg. 1 II. Tuning & Setup Pg. 5 A. The Grand Staff B. Using a Tuner C. Intonation D. Action and String Gauges E. About Whammy Bars III. Learning The Fretboard Pg. 11 A. The C Major Scale....(how to find the “natural” pitches on each string) IV. Basic Guitar Techniques Pg. 13 A. Overview B. Holding the Pick C. Fretting Hand: Placement of the Fingers D. String Dampening E. Fretting Hand: Placement Of the Thumb F. Fretting Hand: Finger Stretches G. Fretting Hand: The Wrist (About Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) H. Position Playing on Single Strings V. Single String Exercises Pg. 19 A. 6th String B. 5th String C. 4th String D. 3rd String E. 2nd String F. 1st String G. Phrasing Possibilities On A Single String VI. Chords: Construction/Execution/Basic Harmony Pg. 35 A. Triads 1. Construction 2. Movable Triadic Chord Forms a) Freddie Green Style - Part 1 (1) Strumming (2) Pressure Release Points (3) Rhythm Slashes (4) Changing Chords 3. Inversions 4. Open Position Major Chord Forms 5. Open Position - Other Triadic Chords a) Palm Mutes B. Seventh Chords 1. Construction 2. Movable Seventh Chord Forms 3. Open Position Seventh Chord Forms C. Chords With Added Tensions 1. Construction D. Simple Diatonic Harmony E. Elementary Voice Leading F. Changes To Some Standard Tunes 1. All The Things You Are 2. Confirmation 3. Rhythm Changes 4. Sweet Georgia Brown 5. All Of Me 5. All Of Me VII. Open Position Pg. 69 A. Overview B. Picking Techniques 1. -
PDF Download Jazz Keyboard Harmony Ebook Free Download
JAZZ KEYBOARD HARMONY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Phil Degreg | 248 pages | 01 Feb 2015 | Jamey Aebersold Jazz | 9781562240691 | English | United States Jazz Keyboard Harmony PDF Book This item will be shipped through the Global Shipping Program and includes international tracking. This item will ship to Germany , but the seller has not specified shipping options. If, for example, the book has it in the key of C, just move everything up a whole step and you've got it D. You had 12 years of classical lessons but don't know all 12 key signatures? No, show me a free preview title. Also provided are songs written out for both hands, which utilize the techniques and voicings just learned. Other topics include ii-V-I progressions, dominant chord cycles, "Rhythm Changes," Giant Steps substitutions, thinking in modes, non-diatonic progressions and much more. I'd like to eventually be able to comp jazz and play gospel piano. The 8 best jazz chord progressions With that out of the way, here are the eight best jazz chord progressions to learn as a beginner. Additional Information. Favorite Jazz for Piano Solo - Arr. Return policy. Get this from a library! The included play-along CD allows you to practice the piano exercises in the book with bass and drum accompaniment. The method progresses step by step from 2-voice to 7-voice chord structures with fourths and upper-structure triads. The minor two five one is like the major, except that the chords come from the minor scale. You therefore will be totally capable of including the resulting advanced harmonic concepts into your performances, compositions and arrangements with confidence, success and ease. -
The Avant-Garde in Jazz As Representative of Late 20Th Century American Art Music
THE AVANT-GARDE IN JAZZ AS REPRESENTATIVE OF LATE 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN ART MUSIC By LONGINEU PARSONS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2017 © 2017 Longineu Parsons To all of these great musicians who opened artistic doors for us to walk through, enjoy and spread peace to the planet. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my professors at the University of Florida for their help and encouragement in this endeavor. An extra special thanks to my mentor through this process, Dr. Paul Richards, whose forward-thinking approach to music made this possible. Dr. James P. Sain introduced me to new ways to think about composition; Scott Wilson showed me other ways of understanding jazz pedagogy. I also thank my colleagues at Florida A&M University for their encouragement and support of this endeavor, especially Dr. Kawachi Clemons and Professor Lindsey Sarjeant. I am fortunate to be able to call you friends. I also acknowledge my friends, relatives and business partners who helped convince me that I wasn’t insane for going back to school at my age. Above all, I thank my wife Joanna for her unwavering support throughout this process. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF EXAMPLES ...................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT -
The Piano Improvisations of Chick Corea: an Analytical Study
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1996 The iP ano Improvisations of Chick Corea: An Analytical Study. Daniel Alan Duke Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Duke, Daniel Alan, "The iP ano Improvisations of Chick Corea: An Analytical Study." (1996). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6334. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6334 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the te d directly fi-om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Intro to Jazz Harmony
Intro to Jazz Harmony Lots of terminology and methods are shared between jazz and (small-c) classical music. Some of the most important differences are: Seventh Chords. Though triads can be used, in most styles of jazz, especially from 1920-1970, every chord will be a seventh chord. We will focus on the four most common types of seventh chords: 1. major 7, abbreviated M7 (Root - Major 3rd - Perfect 5th - Major 7th) 2. dominant 7, abbreviated just 7 (Root - Major 3rd - Perfect 5th - Minor 7th), 3. minor 7, abbreviated m7 (Root - Minor 3rd - Perfect 5th - Minor 7th) 4. half diminished 7 or minor 7 flat 5, abbreviated m7b5 (Root - Minor 3rd - diminished 5th - Minor 7th) Chord Extensions. One defining feature of jazz harmony is the use of chord tones higher than a 7th, which are referred to as "chord extensions." These add color or tension to a chord but do not alter its basic function. If we keep adding thirds above a chord's 7th, we can get a 9th, 11th, and 13th. Just as the default 7th chord identified by the symbol "7" is a dominant 7th chord, the default interval of the 9th is major, the 11th is perfect, and the 13th is major, and all imply a dominant 7th chord underneath unless they specify otherwise. Thus for example a G9 would be G-B-D-F-A: the G-B-D-F dominant 7, plus the major 9th above the root. For our purposes in class we will only deal with the most common chord extensions: the 9, the 13, and the b9 (with a minor 9th). -
Harmony Workbook 1
Harmony workbook 1. Nomenclatura 2. Diatonic chords in relation to the tonal center 3. Diatonic cadence in relation to the harmonic rhythm 4. Secondary dominants 5. Tritone substitution 6. Diminished chords 7. Chord scales 8. Modal interchange 9. Subdominant minor cadence 10.Modulation 2. Diatonic chords are triads or four note chords which contain only notes of the major or minor scale. Ex.2.1: The diatonic triads in the scale of the C melodic major scale ( also known as Sankarabharanam in south-, Bilaval in north Indian music) C Dmin Emin F G Amin Bdim w w & w w w w w w w wI wIImin wIIImin wIV V VImin VIIdim S R3 min G3 min M1 P D2 N3 dim ! Triads are common in classical harmony and folk- and pop music Ex.2.1.1 In functional jazz harmony (Bebop & Hardbop) four note chords are prefered, because they give a more distinctive dominant chord (V7) 7 7 7 7 7 7 7b5 Cmaj Dmin Emin Fmaj G Amin Bmin w w w w & w w w w w w w Imaj7w IImin7w IIImin7w IVmajw 7 V7 VImin7 VIImin7b5 S maj7 R3 min7 G3 min7 M1 maj7 P 7 D2 min7 N3 min7b5 ! Ex.2.2: the diatonic four note chords in the scale of the C harmonic major scale (Sarasangi in south Indian music) 7 9b5 7 (maj7) 7b9 13 7#9 7b5 Cmaj Dmin Emin Fmin G A maj Bmin b bw w w w w w w & w bw w bw w bw w Imaj7w IImin7b5w IIImin7w IVmin(maj7) V7b9 13 bVImaj7#9 VIImin7b5 ! ©Rainer Pusch Ex.2.3: the diatonic triads in the scale of the C harmonic major scale C Ddim Emin Fmin G A aug Bdim b w w w bw & w bw w bw w bw w I w IIdimw IIIminw IVminw V bVIaug VIIdim ! 3.