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Community-Based Study to Demonstrate the Presence and Local Perspectives of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin Manis Pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China

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Community-Based Study to Demonstrate the Presence and Local Perspectives of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin Manis Pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Community-based study to demonstrate the presence and local perspectives of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China Hongying Li, Shusheng Zhang, Ji Zhang, Zupei Lei, Fangdong Zheng & Peter Daszak 26 April 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 5 | Pages: 15547–15556 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5149.12.5.15547-15556 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2020 | 12(5): 15547–15556 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5149.12.5.15547-15556 #5149 | Received 10 June 2019 | Final received 09 April 2020 | Finally accepted 14 April 2020 C o m Community-based study to demonstrate the presence and m u n local perspectves of the Critcally Endangered Chinese Pangolin i c Manis pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China a t 1 2 3 4 i Hongying Li* , Shusheng Zhang* , Ji Zhang , Zupei Lei , o Fangdong Zheng 5 & Peter Daszak 6 n 1,6 EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA. 2,4,5 Zhejiang Wuyanling Natonal Natural Reserve Management Bureau, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. 3 College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected], 5 [email protected], 6 [email protected] (corresponding author) * These authors contributed equally to the work. Abstract: Illegal huntng and trading of the Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla has pushed this Critcally Endangered species close to extncton. While local reports have suggested its contnued presence in mainland China, this has not been confrmed by a research group except for a survey of presumed pangolin burrows in 2004. We conducted a six-month feld study using infrared camera surveillance and community questonnaire survey in Zhejiang Wuyanling Natonal Nature Reserve in China, to determine the status of Chinese Pangolins and understand local attudes towards the conservaton of this species. Our study details the frst verifable documentaton of two visual records of a Chinese Pangolin in the wild, demonstratng the suitability of pangolin habitat in Wuyanling region, and suggests an increasing awareness and strong willingness in local communites to conserve the Chinese Pangolin. Keywords: Community attude, conservaton, infrared camera, Manis pentadactyla, Wuyanling Natonal Nature Reserve. 非法捕猎和贸易将中华穿山甲这一极度濒危的物种推向了灭绝的边缘。虽然一些本地的报道表明中华穿山甲在中国大陆地区一直存在，但除了 2004年一项对中华穿山甲洞穴的研究，目前对中华穿山甲个体在自然生境中的存在尚缺乏充分的记录。该研究在中国浙江乌岩岭保护区进行了六 个月的红外相机监测和社区问卷调查，来确定该保护区内中华穿山甲存在的状况，并了解当地居民对于保护中华穿山甲的态度。调查首次获得了 中华穿山甲在野外环境中的影像记录，表明乌岩岭地区作为中华穿山甲生境的适宜性，问卷调查的结果反映了当地社区对于保护中华穿山甲具有 较强的意识和参与行动的意愿。 Editor: L.A.K. Singh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Date of publicaton: 26 April 2020 (online & print) Citaton: Li, H., S. Zhang, J. Zhang, Z. Lei, F. Zheng & P. Daszak (2020). Community-based study to demonstrate the presence and local perspectves of the Crit- cally Endangered Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(5): 15547–15556. htps://doi.org/10.11609/ jot.5149.12.5.15547-15556 Copyright: © Li et al. 2020. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: This study was funded by China Environmental Protecton Foundaton. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. For Author details see end of this artcle. Author contributon: Study design and feldwork: SZ, JZ, ZL, FZ, HL; data analysis and writng the artcle: HL, SZ and PD. Hongying Li and Shusheng Zhang contributed equally to this study. Ethical standards: This study was approved by the Insttutonal Review Board at China Jiliang University for the community questonnaire survey. Acknowledgements: We are thankful for the support of Dr. Fuhua Zhang from Southern China Normal University and Dr. Jinshuo Zhang from the Natonal Zoological Museum of China for species identfcaton, Dr. Aichun Xu from China Jiliang University for feld equipment, and the IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group for advice on infrared camera trap setng up. Special thanks to Dr. Aleksei A. Chmura and Alison E. Andre for proofreading the artcle, as well as the anonymous reviewers who provided critcal references and technique guidance to improve this manuscript. 15547 J TT Community-based study on Chinese Pangolin Li et al. INTRODUCTION were selected within the reserve extending from the uninhabited regions to the nearby villages. With limited The Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla is listed resources, selecton of the line transects and quadrats as Critcally Endangered by the IUCN primarily due to was based on the historical records of pangolin sightng, extensive poaching for their meat and scales (Challender poaching, and releasing actvites, and in an efort to et al. 2019). It receives the highest level of protecton cover the under-researched low-human disturbance from trade in CITES Appendix I (Challender & Waterman areas. Diurnal surveys were conducted in each line 2017). In China, the Chinese Pangolin is listed as a transect and quadrat once per month for six months State Category II protected species under the Wildlife from July to December 2017 to identfy and examine Protecton Law, with protecton from the Regulatons on potental burrows for Chinese Pangolins. Observatonal Implementaton of Protecton of Terrestrial Wild Animals environmental data were collected around each burrow, (Zhang 2008). Despite this, the populaton of the including estmated duraton since burrow excavaton, Chinese Pangolin is thought to have declined by 89–94 % presence of termites and decayed wood, and pangolin since the 1960s (Wu et al. 2004a). Litle is known about faeces or other evidence of actve occupaton following the current distributon or populaton of this solitary the methods published in Wu et al. (2004b). and nocturnal species, few studies have been conducted in mainland China to detail the populaton of Chinese Camera traps surveillance Pangolins (Wu et al. 2002). Recent reports suggest that Sixty infrared camera traps (LTL Acorn 5210A, LTL some remnant individuals have been traded in illegal Acorn 6210) were placed in three surveillance areas wildlife markets or confscated from traders, but the around the identfed (potentally actve) pangolin provenance of these animals from mainland China has burrows from the line transect and quadrat surveys, not been verifed (Xu et al. 2016). and in the reserve’s core area and its adjacent transiton In 2013, our group recorded two camera-trap images area where was not covered by the line transect and of a pangolin (Manis spp.) within the Wuyanling Natonal quadrat surveys, to maximize the chance of detecton. Nature Reserve (Zhang et al. 2017). The species was not All camera traps were placed 0.5–1 m above ground, identfed due to limited characteristcs recognisable with consideraton of the ground slope, height of in the images. Our current study was designed to trees, and the inclinaton angle between 15°–30° to further assess the presence of Chinese Pangolins in achieve the maximum diameter and range of camera the reserve and understand local community attudes coverage. The intervals between each camera trap towards the species’ conservaton. Wuyanling Natonal and each surveillance area were >500m and >5,000m, Nature Reserve is located in Taishun County in southern respectvely. Corresponding to the alttude range of Zhejiang Province (27.706, 119.675) (Figure 1 , 2). The potentally actve burrows, the alttudes of camera traps reserve was established in 1975 and is an important ranged 313–1,128 m across four diferent vegetaton bird conservaton area (BirdLife Internatonal 2019) types. All camera traps were installed on 1 July 2017 consistng of subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest and actve untl 31 December 2017. Burrows presumed with highly diverse fora and fauna. Within an area of to be inactve or confrmed to be occupied by other 18,861.5ha, the reserve contains 4,170 households species
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