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JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION A Publication of the Society for Scientifi c Exploration (ISSN 0892-3310) Editorial Offi ce: Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, Society for Scientifi c Exploration, Kathleen E. Erickson, JSE Managing Editor, 151 Petaluma Blvd. So., #227, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA [email protected], 1-415-435-1604, (fax 1-707-559-5030) Manuscript Submission: Submit manuscripts online at http://journalofscientifi cexploration.org/ index.php/jse/login Editor-in-Chief: Stephen E. Braude, University of Maryland Baltimore County Managing Editor: Kathleen E. Erickson, Petaluma, CA Associate Editors Carlos S. Alvarado, Atlantic University, Virginia Beach, VA Daryl Bem, Ph.D., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Robert Bobrow, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY Courtney Brown, Emory University, Alanta, GA Etzel Cardeña, Lund University, Sweden Jeremy Drake, Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA Bernard Haisch, Digital Universe Foundation, USA Michael Ibison, Institute for Advanced Studies, Austin, TX John Ives, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA Roger D. Nelson, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ Mark Rodeghier, Center for UFO Studies, Chicago, IL Michael Sudduth, San Francisco State University, CA Book Review Editor: P. D. Moncrief ([email protected]) Assistant Managing Editor: Elissa Hoeger, Princeton, NJ Society for Scientifi c Exploration Website — http://www.scientifi cexploration.org Chair, Publications Committee: Robert G. Jahn, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ Editorial Board Dr. Mikel Aickin, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Prof. Olivier Costa de Beauregard, University of Paris, France Dr. Steven J. Dick, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, DC Dr. Peter Fenwick, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK Dr. Alan Gauld, University of Nottingham, UK Prof. Richard C. Henry (Chairman), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD Prof. Robert G. Jahn, Princeton University, NJ Prof. W. H. Jeff erys, University of Texas, Austin, TX Dr. Wayne B. Jonas, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA Dr. Michael Levin, Tufts University, Boston, MA Dr. David C. Pieri, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA Prof. Juan Roederer, University of Alaska–Fairbanks, AK Prof. Kunitomo Sakurai, Kanagawa University, Japan Prof. Peter A. Sturrock, Stanford University, CA Prof. Yervant Terzian, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Prof. N. C. Wickramasinghe, Cardiff University, UK SUBSCRIPTIONS & PREVIOUS JOURNAL ISSUES: Order forms on back pages or at scientifi cexploration.org. COPYRIGHT: Authors retain copyright to their writings. However, when an article has been submitted to the Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, the Journal holds fi rst serial rights. Additionally, the Society has the right to post the published article on the Internet and make it available via electronic and print subscription. Th e material must not appear anywhere else (including on an Internet website) until it has been published by the Journal (or rejected). After publication, authors may use the material as they wish but should make appropriate reference to JSE: “Reprinted from “[title of article]”, Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, vol. [x], no. [xx], pp. [xx], published by the Society for Scientifi c Exploration, http://www.scientifi cexploration.org.” Journal of Scientifi c Exploration (ISSN 0892-3310) is published quarterly in March, June, September, and Decem- ber by the Society for Scientifi c Exploration, 151 Petaluma Blvd. So., #227, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. Society Members receive online Journal subscriptions with their membership. Online Library subscriptions are $135. JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION A Publication of the Society for Scientifi c Exploration AIMS AND SCOPE: Th e Journal of Scientifi c Exploration publishes material consistent with the Society’s mission: to provide a professional forum for critical discussion of topics that are for various reasons ignored or studied inadequately within mainstream science, and to promote improved understanding of social and intellectual factors that limit the scope of scientifi c inquiry. Topics of interest cover a wide spectrum, ranging from apparent anomalies in well-established disciplines to paradoxical phenomena that seem to belong to no established discipline, as well as philosophical issues about the connections among disciplines. Th e Journal publishes research articles, review articles, essays, commentaries, guest editorials, historical perspectives, obituaries, book reviews, and letters or commentaries pertaining to previously published material. JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION A Publication of the Society for Scientifi c Exploration Volume 25, Number 4 2011 Editorial 635 Editorial STEPHEN E. BRAUDE Research Articles 639 Revisiting the Ganzfeld ESP Debate: A Basic Review and Assessment BRYAN J. WILLIAMS 663 The Global Consciousness Project: EDWIN C. MAY Identifying the Source of Psi S. JAMES P. S POTTISWOODE 683 Reply to May and Spottiswoode on Experi- menter Effect as the Explanation for GCP Results ROGER NELSON 690 Reply to May and Spottiswoode’s “The GCP: Identifying the Source of Psi” PETER BANCEL 695 The Global Consciousness Project, Identifying the EDWIN C. MAY Source of the Psi: A Response to Nelson and Bancel S. JAMES P. SPOTTISWOODE 699 Alien Visitation, Extra-Terrestrial Life, NEIL DAGNALL and Paranormal Beliefs KENNETH DRINKWATER ANDREW PARKER 721 Anomalous Switching of the Bi-Stable Percept of a Necker Cube: A Preliminary Study DICK J. BIERMAN 735 Color Distribution of Light Balls in Hessdalen GERSON S. PAIVA Lights Pheomenon CARLTON A. TAFT Commentary 747 On Elephants and Matters Epistemological: Reply to Etzel Cardeña’s Guest Editorial “On Wolverines and Epistemological Totalitarianism” NEAL GROSSMAN 754 Response to Neal Grossman’s Reply “On Elephants and Matters Epistemological” ETZEL CARDEÑA Historical Perspective 755 Ernesto Bozzano: An Italian Spiritualist and Psychical Researcher LUCA GASPERINI Obituary 775 In Memory of William Corliss PATRICK HUYGHE Letter to the Editor 779 Pipefi sh or Pipe Dream? ED L. BOUSFIELD PAUL H. LEBLOND Book Reviews 781 Essay Review: Miracles and Modern Spiritualism: A Re-Review. On Miracles and Modern Spiritualism. Three Essays by Alfred Russel Wallace LESLIE PRICE 789 Essay Review: Ian Stevenson’s Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation: An Historical Review and Assessment. Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation by Ian Stevenson JAMES G. MATLOCK 821 Consciousness and the Source of Realilty: The PEAR Odyssey by Robert G. Jahn and Brenda J. Dunne WILLIAM F. BENGSTON 825 Aping Mankind: Neuromania, Darwinitis and the Misrepresentation of Humanity by Raymond Tallis STAN V. M CDANIEL 836 Consciousness Explained Better: Towards an Integral Understanding of the Multifaceted Nature of Consciousness by Allan Combs IMANTS BARUŠS 838 The End of Discovery: Are We Approaching the Boundaries of the Knowable? by Russell Stannard GABRIEL FINKELSTEIN 839 The Kensington Runestone: Approaching a Research Question Holistically by Alice Beck Kehoe STEPHEN C. JETT 841 Born on a Blue Day by Daniel Tammet; Embracing the Wide Sky by Daniel Tammet ADRIAN PARKER 848 The Psychedelic Explorer’s Guide: Safe, Therapeutic, and Sacred Journeys by James Fadiman STANLEY KRIPPNER 851 Wonders in the Sky: Unexplained Aerial Objects from Antiquity to Modern Times and Their Impact on Human Culture, History, and Beliefs by Jacques Vallee and Chris Aubeck THOMAS E. BULLARD 857 Dizionario Enciclopedico delle Classifi cazioni Analitiche della Biblioteca Bozzano–De Boni [Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Analytical Classifi cation of the Bozzano–De Boni Library] edited by Silvio Ravaldini and Giulio Caratelli MASSIMO BIONDI 859 War and Shadows: The Haunting of Vietnam by Mai Lan Gustafsson MICHAEL GROSSO Further Book of Note 863 They Knew the Unknown by Martin Ebon MICHAEL SCHMICKER Articles of Interest 865 The Alchemical Revolution by Sara Reardon, Science, 332 HENRY H. BAUER 866 Is “Alien Abduction” Extraterrestrial Visitation? by Mark Hensher, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 63 MARK RODEGHIER SSE News 867 SSE 31st Annual Conference; SSE 9th Biennial European Meeting; SSE Masthead 869 Thank You to Submission Reviewers and Book Review Authors for 2010 & 2011 871 Index of Previous Articles in JSE 885 Order forms for JSE Issues, JSE Subscriptions, and Society Membership 88938 Instructions for JSE Authors Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 635–637, 2011 0892-3310/11 EDITORIAL s subscribers to the hard copy version of the JSE have already noticed, this Ais a particularly hefty issue. I’m pleased that we’ve been able to wrap up 2011 with a gratifyingly substantive and larger than usual array of papers on a variety of interesting and important topics. This issue contains too many papers for me to comment on them individually. But I do want to direct your attention to the detailed exchange over the data from the Global Consciousness Project (GCP). This series of papers addresses not only the specifi c questions of how to interpret the GCP data and what it is that the GCP is actually tracking, but also the long-standing and more general debate among parapsychologists over the merits of Decision Augmentation Theory (DAT), hailed by some as a more vi- able ESP (or cognition)-based alternative to physicalistic explanations of much of the apparent evidence for psychokinesis. Ed May and James Spottiswoode argue fi rst for the DAT point of view. They contend that the statistical devia- tions reported in the GCP refl ect a cognitive form of experimenter