Birds of Hemlock Forests
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Red-Breasted Nuthatch and Golden-Crowned Kinglet
Red-breasted Nuthatch and Golden-crowned Kinglet: The First Nests for South Carolina and Other Chattooga Records Frank Renfrow 611 South O’Fallon Avenue, Bellevue, KY 41073 [email protected] Introduction The Chattooga Recreation Area (referred to as CRA for purposes of this article), located adjacent to the Walhalla National Fish Hatchery (780 m) within Sumter National Forest, Oconee Co., South Carolina, has long been noted as a unique natural area within the state. The picnic area in particular, situated along the East Fork of the Chattooga River, contains an old-growth stand of White Pine (Pinus strobus) and Canada Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) with state records for both species as well as an impressive understory of Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) and Great Laurel (Rhododendron maximum) (Gaddy 2000). Nesting birds at CRA not found outside of the northwestern corner of the state include Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) and Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis). Breeding evidence of two other species of northern affinities, Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) and Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) has previously been documented at this location (Post and Gauthreaux 1989, Oberle and Forsythe 1995). However, nest records of these two species have not been documented prior to this study. The summer occurrence of two other northern species on the South Carolina side of the Chattooga River, Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) and Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) has not been previously recorded. Only a few summer records of the Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) have been noted for the state. Extensive field observations were made by the author in the Chattooga River area of Georgia and South Carolina during the breeding seasons of 2000, 2002 and 2003 in order to verify breeding of bird species of northern affinities. -
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Fact Sheet
w Department of HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID RK 4 ATE Environmental Adelges tsugae Conservation ▐ What is the hemlock woolly adelgid? The hemlock woolly adelgid, or HWA, is an invasive, aphid-like insect that attacks North American hemlocks. HWA are very small (1.5 mm) and often hard to see, but they can be easily identified by the white woolly masses they form on the underside of branches at the base of the needles. These masses or ovisacs can contain up to 200 eggs and remain present throughout the year. ▐ Where is HWA located? HWA was first discovered in New York State in 1985 in the lower White woolly ovisacs on an Hudson Valley and on Long Island. Since then, it has spread north to eastern hemlock branch Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, the Capitol Region and west through the Catskill Mountains to the Bugwood.org Finger Lakes Region, Buffalo and Rochester. In 2017, the first known occurrence in the Adirondack Park was discovered in Lake George. Where does HWA come from? Native to Asia, HWA was introduced to the western United States in the 1920s. It was first observed in the eastern US in 1951 near Richmond, Virginia after an accidental introduction from Japan. HWA has since spread along the East Coast from Georgia to Maine and now occupies nearly half the eastern range of native hemlocks. ▐ What does HWA do to trees? Once hatched, juvenile HWA, known as crawlers, search for suitable sites on the host tree, usually at the base of the needles. They insert their long mouthparts and begin feeding on the tree’s stored starches. -
Pine Creek Headwaters Hemlock Plan: Thermal Refuge Prioritization
PINE CREEK HEADWATERS HEMLOCK PLAN: THERMAL REFUGE PRIORITIZATION Plant a Tree, Shade a Trout Plant a Tree, Shade a Trout Plant a Tree, Shade a Trout Pine Creek Watershed Council 118 Main Street PlantPineWellsboro Creek, PA a 16901 Tree,Watershed 570Shade- 723Council-8251 a Trout 118 Main Street WellsboroPine Creek, PA 16901 Watershed570- 723Council-8251 Pine118 Main Creek Street Watershed Council Wellsboro, PA 16901 570-723-8251 118 Main Street 1 2 Acknowledgements: This plan was financed in part through a grant from the Coldwater Heritage Partnership on behalf of the PA Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Environmental Stewardship Fund), the PA Fish and Boat Commission, the Foundation for Pennsylvania Watersheds and the PA Council of Trout Unlimited. This project was spearheaded by the Pine Creek Watershed Council’s Water and Biological Committee consisting of a collaboration of several agencies, non-profit organizations, and local community members. The Committee consists of the following individuals/organizations: Kimberlie Gridley, Tioga County Planning, committee co-chair and editor Jared Dickerson, Potter County Conservation District, committee co-chair and field lead Steve Hoover, PA DCNR BOF Sarah Johnson, PA DCNR BOF Chris Firestone, PADCNR BOF Erica Tomlinson, Tioga County Conservation District Eric Kosek, Tioga County Conservation District Will Hunt, Potter County Planning and GIS Jim Weaver, PCWC Chair Art Antal, Trout Unlimited Jere White, Trout Unlimited Greg Hornsby, Retired, Forester Others that offered support -
Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers
Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brandan L. Gray August 2019 © 2019 Brandan L. Gray. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers by BRANDAN L. GRAY has been approved for the Department of Biological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by Donald B. Miles Professor of Biological Sciences Florenz Plassmann Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT GRAY, BRANDAN L., Ph.D., August 2019, Biological Sciences Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers Director of Dissertation: Donald B. Miles In a rapidly changing world, species are faced with habitat alteration, changing climate and weather patterns, changing community interactions, novel resources, novel dangers, and a host of other natural and anthropogenic challenges. Conservationists endeavor to understand how changing ecology will impact local populations and local communities so efforts and funds can be allocated to those taxa/ecosystems exhibiting the greatest need. Ecological morphological and functional morphological research form the foundation of our understanding of selection-driven morphological evolution. Studies which identify and describe ecomorphological or functional morphological relationships will improve our fundamental understanding of how taxa respond to ecological selective pressures and will improve our ability to identify and conserve those aspects of nature unable to cope with rapid change. The New World wood warblers (family Parulidae) exhibit extensive taxonomic, behavioral, ecological, and morphological variation. -
Understanding and Developing Resistance in Hemlocks to the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Author(S): Kelly L.F
Understanding and Developing Resistance in Hemlocks to the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Author(s): Kelly L.F. Oten, Scott A. Merkle, Robert M. Jetton, Ben C. Smith, Mary E. Talley and Fred P. Hain Source: Southeastern Naturalist, 13(sp6):147-167. Published By: Eagle Hill Institute URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1656/058.013.s610 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Forest Impacts and Ecosystem Effects of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern US 2014Southeastern Naturalist 13(Special Issue 6):147–167 Understanding and Developing Resistance in Hemlocks to the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Kelly L.F. Oten1,*, Scott A. Merkle2, Robert M. Jetton3, Ben C. Smith4, Mary E. Talley4, and Fred P. Hain4 Abstract - In light of the increasing need for long-term, sustainable management for Adel- ges tsugae (Hemlock Woolly Adelgid), researchers are investigating host-plant resistance as part of an integrated approach to combat the pest. -
Avian Predation in a Declining Outbreak Population of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura Fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
insects Article Avian Predation in a Declining Outbreak Population of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Jacques Régnière 1,* , Lisa Venier 2 and Dan Welsh 3,† 1 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 rue du PEPS, Quebec City, QC G1V 4C7, Canada 2 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada; [email protected] 3 Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] † Deceased. Simple Summary: Cages preventing access to birds were used to measure the rate of predation by birds in a spruce budworm population during the decline of an outbreak. Three species of budworm-feeding warblers were involved in this predation on larvae and pupae. It was found that bird predation is a very important source of mortality in declining spruce budworm populations, and that bird foraging behavior changes as budworm prey become rare at the end of the outbreak. Abstract: The impact of avian predation on a declining population of the spruce budworm, Cho- ristoneura fumifereana (Clem.), was measured using single-tree exclosure cages in a mature stand of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.), and white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss. Bird population Citation: Régnière, J.; Venier, L.; censuses and observations of foraging and nest-feeding activity were also made to determine the Welsh, D. Avian Predation in a response of budworm-linked warblers to decreasing food availability. Seasonal patterns of foraging. Declining Outbreak Population of the as well as foraging success in the declining prey population was compared to similar information Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura from birds observed in another stand where the spruce budworm population was rising. -
Mitochondrial DNA from Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Suggests Cryptic Speciation and Pinpoints the Source of the Introduction to Eastern North America
SYSTEMATICS Mitochondrial DNA from Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Suggests Cryptic Speciation and Pinpoints the Source of the Introduction to Eastern North America NATHAN P. HAVILL,1 MICHAEL E. MONTGOMERY,2 GUOYUE YU,3 SHIGEHIKO SHIYAKE,4 1, 5 AND ADALGISA CACCONE Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(2): 195Ð203 (2006) ABSTRACT The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an introduced pest of unknown origin that is causing severe mortality to hemlocks (Tsuga spp.) in eastern North America. Adelgids also occur on other Tsuga species in western North America and East Asia, but these trees are not signiÞcantly damaged. The purpose of this study is to use molecular methods to clarify the relationship among hemlock adelgids worldwide and thereby determine the geographic origin of the introduction to eastern North America. Adelgids were collected from multiple locations in eastern and western North America, mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan, and 1521 bp of mito- chondrial DNA was sequenced for each sample. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the source of A. tsugae in eastern North America was likely a population of adelgids in southern Japan. A single haplotype was shared among all samples collected in eastern North America and samples collected in the natural range of T. sieboldii in southern Honshu, Japan. A separate adelgid mitochondrial lineage was found at higher elevations in the natural range of T. diversifolia. Adelgids from mainland China and Taiwan represent a lineage that is clearly diverged from insects in North America and Japan. In contrast to eastern North America, there is no conclusive evidence for a recent introduction of A. -
The Birds of New York State
__ Common Goldeneye RAILS, GALLINULES, __ Baird's Sandpiper __ Black-tailed Gull __ Black-capped Petrel Birds of __ Barrow's Goldeneye AND COOTS __ Little Stint __ Common Gull __ Fea's Petrel __ Smew __ Least Sandpiper __ Short-billed Gull __ Cory's Shearwater New York State __ Clapper Rail __ Hooded Merganser __ White-rumped __ Ring-billed Gull __ Sooty Shearwater __ King Rail © New York State __ Common Merganser __ Virginia Rail Sandpiper __ Western Gull __ Great Shearwater Ornithological __ Red-breasted __ Corn Crake __ Buff-breasted Sandpiper __ California Gull __ Manx Shearwater Association Merganser __ Sora __ Pectoral Sandpiper __ Herring Gull __ Audubon's Shearwater Ruddy Duck __ Semipalmated __ __ Iceland Gull __ Common Gallinule STORKS Sandpiper www.nybirds.org GALLINACEOUS BIRDS __ American Coot __ Lesser Black-backed __ Wood Stork __ Northern Bobwhite __ Purple Gallinule __ Western Sandpiper Gull FRIGATEBIRDS DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS __ Wild Turkey __ Azure Gallinule __ Short-billed Dowitcher __ Slaty-backed Gull __ Magnificent Frigatebird __ Long-billed Dowitcher __ Glaucous Gull __ Black-bellied Whistling- __ Ruffed Grouse __ Yellow Rail BOOBIES AND GANNETS __ American Woodcock Duck __ Spruce Grouse __ Black Rail __ Great Black-backed Gull __ Brown Booby __ Wilson's Snipe __ Fulvous Whistling-Duck __ Willow Ptarmigan CRANES __ Sooty Tern __ Northern Gannet __ Greater Prairie-Chicken __ Spotted Sandpiper __ Bridled Tern __ Snow Goose __ Sandhill Crane ANHINGAS __ Solitary Sandpiper __ Least Tern __ Ross’s Goose __ Gray Partridge -
Biological Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID TECHNICALCONTRIBUTORS: RICHARD REARDON FOREST HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE TEAM, USDA FOREST SERVICE, MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA BRAD ONKEN FOREST HEALTH PROTECTION, USDA FOREST SERVICE, MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA AUTHORS: CAROLE CHEAH THE CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION MIKE MONTGOMERY NORTHEASTERN RESEARCH STATION SCOTT SALEM VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY BRUCE PARKER, MARGARET SKINNER, SCOTT COSTA UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT FHTET-2004-04 U.S. Department Forest of Agriculture Service FHTET he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in T1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover Clockwise from top left: adult coccinellids Sasajiscymnus tsugae, Symnus ningshanensis, and Scymnus sinuanodulus, adult derodontid Laricobius nigrinus, hemlock woolly adelgid infected with Verticillium lecanii. For copies of this publication, please contact: Brad Onken Richard Reardon Forest Health Protection Forest Health Technology Enterprise Morgantown, West Virginia Team Morgantown, West Virginia 304-285-1546 304-285-1566 [email protected] [email protected] All images in the publication are available online at http://www.forestryimages.org and http://www.invasive.org Reference numbers for the digital files appear in the figure captions in this publication. The entire publication is available online at http://www.bugwood.org and http://www.fs.fed.us/na/morgantown/fhp/hwa. The U.S. -
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
United States Department of Agriculture TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Non-native Pest BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID Nathan P. Havill Lígia C. Vieira Scott M. Salom Forest Health Technology FHTET-2014-05 Enterprise Team Revised June 2016 The Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Background image: Hemlock mortality, Jason Van Driesche, Bugwood.org Bottom left to right: HWA white ovisacs on eastern hemlock branch , Scott M. Salom, Virginia Tech; Sajiscymus tsugae, Carol Cheah, Bugwood.org; Laricobius osakensis, Ligia C. Vieira, Virginia Tech. CAUTION: PESTICIDES Pesticide Precautionary Statement This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommen- dations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been regis- tered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife--if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. In accordance with Federal -
Hemlock Forest
Hemlock Forest 51 Hemlock Forest 80 his forest habitat is defined by its abundance of 60 Hemlock trees and occurs throughout Columbia 40 Non-native 2 TCounty, often in small stands of “ancient forest” 20 remnants on steep, rocky terrain near headwater streams. Native 31 Hemlock Forest helps to maintain clear, cool, oxygen-rich Avg. number plant species Avg. 0 water in adjacent streams, serves as breeding habitat for a number of rare birds, and provides winter shelter for a LOW Invasive abundance HIGH variety of animals. People tend to experience this forest as a protective and peaceful place in all seasons. This habitat was probably much more extensive in Columbia County before the nineteenth century when Hemlock bark was in Location high demand for the tanning industry. The future of the remaining Hemlock Forest stands is now threatened by an Hemlock Forest is found throughout Columbia County, invasive insect, the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid. most commonly in the eastern, hilly regions, where it tends to grow on steep, rocky slopes facing north, or—to a lesser First Glimpse degree—west or east. Often, it occurs in cool ravines formed either by rocky headwater streams (see Streams chapter), in This forest is characterized by its darkness, but is inviting the Taconic Mountains and their foothills, or in clay ravines to walk through because of its open understory and the formed by small tributaries along the shore of the Hudson soft ground composed of fallen needles. The dense ever- River (described in the Clay Bluff and Ravine chapter). It green canopy blocks out sunlight, keeping the air cool in can be found on sedimentary and metamorphic bedrock, summer and inhibiting the growth of herbaceous plants, both acidic and calcareous, and is often associated with rock shrubs, and seedlings of trees other than the shade-toler- outcrops (described in the Wooded Rock Outcrop chapter). -
Bird-Species-And-Habitat-A.Pdf
[ Birds Component l Introduction Please note that this section and the Birds Appendix, excluding the habitat map, are copyright protected (Copyright© Ryan Mays, 2013. All rights reserved). Ryan Mays was very generous with his time and expertise in drafting material for the purposes of this conservation pion in the fall of 201 3. This section lists priority bird species documented on the property. The Birds Appendix describes all bird species known by the author to have been recorded at Mountain lake and the immediate vicinity. The Appendix also includes o References section for all citations found in this section and in the Birds Appendix. The Mountain lake Conservancy and lodge property (the property) is characterized by high el1vation forests that support diverse biotic communities similar to those in Canada and the northern United States. Bird populations on Salt Pond Mountain ore closely associated with topographical and altitudinal variation and hove been studied there and in other parts of the Mountain lake region for over a century by many observers (e.g. Kessler and Larner 1984; Johnston 2000). Although much of the region was logged starting around the turn of the nineteenth century, small tracts of the or.iginol forest escaped destruction and hove remained relatively undisturbed into modern times. The range in elevation of approximately 600m between the summit and base of Solt Pond Mountain allows for much diversity in both floral and faunal communities including the birds described in this pion. Bird Habits on the Property Ryon Mays identifies four general • ?~.)/· ■ types of bird habitat on the • ' "'4 • property.