Rapid Diversification Associated with a Macroevolutionary Pulse Of

Caenorhabditis elegans Pristionchus pacificus P. pacificus

C. elegans C. elegans P Leptojacobus dorci

P P P P P P P P

P. pacificus

•

sensusensu sensu Mesorhabditis Mesorhabditis Caenorhabditis Rhabditis Rhabditoides inermis Poikilolaimus Dataset assembly.

Inference methods.

P. pacificus P. pacificus Environmental induction of alternative morphs.

Allodiplogaster sudhausiMicoletzkya Parapristionchus giblindavisi Allodiplogaster sudhausi C. elegans Micoletzkya Diplogasteriana Koerneria luziaeP. giblindavisi

Non-censored rate test.

Bayesian sampling of shifts in trait evolution. a priori Tabulating complexity.

Character correlation.

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Parapristionchus giblindavisi P. giblindavisi Fictor RiCeHb

C. elegans Allodiplogaster Allodiplogaster sudhausi Diplogasteriana Fictor stercorarius Koerneria luziae Micoletzkya inedia Micoletzkya japonica Mononchoides Mononchoides Neodiplogaster Parapristionchus giblindavisi

Mononchoides Paroigolaimella micrura Koerneria luziae Fuchsnema halleri

Fuchsnema halleri Fh Dg Bs ** Fuchsnema sp. AB** Diplogastrellus (Diplogastrellus) gracilis Diplogastrellus (Metadiplogaster) sp. dimorphism ** Butlerius sp. ** Mehdinema alii 01** Diplogasteroides magnus Ma Dm Re ** Diplogasteroides sp. Rhabditidoides sp. ** ** Pseudodiplogasteroides sp. Levipalatum texanum ** ** Rhabditolaimus sp. 1 R1 ** Rhabditolaimus sp. 2 Oigolaimella attenuata Ps Lt ** Oigolaimella sp. Pristionchus pacificus * Pristionchus uniformis ** Pristionchus maupasi ** ** ** Pristionchus fissidentatus Pp Pg Os ** Pristionchus elegans Parapristionchus giblindavisi ** Micoletzkya buetschlii ** Micoletzkya japonica Mb Dn ** Micoletzkya inedia El ** ** Micoletzkya sp. Diplogasteriana n. sp. ** Diplogasteriana schneideri ** Acrostichus rhynchophori An Sz Ns ** ** Acrostichus cf. nudicapitatus ** Acrostichus halicti Paroigolaimella micrura ** Sachsia zurstrasseni Eudiplogasterium levidentum Pm Tf ** ** Paroigolaimella stresemanni Tylopharynx foetida Sa ** Neodiplogaster sp. ** Neodiplogaster crenatae ** Mononchoides sp. 2 Ps ** ** Mononchoides sp. 1 ** ** Mononchoides sp. 3 M1 Sudhausia crassa F2 ** Sudhausia aristotokia ** Fictor stercorarius T1 ** Fictor sp. 2 ** Fictor sp. 1 Teratodiplogaster sp. 2 Pm A1 ** Teratodiplogaster sp. 1 ** Parasitodiplogaster maxinema ** Allodiplogaster sudhausi ** ** Allodiplogaster hylobii Kl Ld Ce * Allodiplogaster sp. 1 Ri Koerneria sp. ** Koerneria luziae Leptojacobus dorci Rhabditoides inermis Hb ** Caenorhabditis elegans ** Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 1 11 form shape A 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 B 3 9 3 9 1 11 2 10 3 9 2 10 3 9 3 9 2 10 7 2 10 2 10 4 8 7 8 3 9 4 8 4 2 10 5 8 5 4 7 8 0.12 5 7 6 6 5 6 4 7 6 Ce A1(St) A1(Eu) Pm5 6 Ps Ma

Rh St Mn Eu Sum of variances 4 8 A1(Eu) 7 5 6 00.10.20.30.40.5 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.15 Rh DipDip* St Eu Mn

C form shape Pm Ma

PC2 A1(St)

Ce Model-averaged rates Ps 00.51.01.5 00.10.20.3 PC1 Rh Dip Rh Dm Mn

D Rhabditina Diplogastridae Rhabditidae sp. sp. sp. Strongyloides ratti sp. sp. Protorhabditis Rhabditis brassicae sp. Diploscapter sp. 1 sp. sp. sp. Panagrellus redivivus Bunonema Pellioditis sp. 2 Oscheius tipulae Oscheius guentheri sp. sp. 2 sp. sp. sp. 1 Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis briggsae sp. 3 Pristionchus elegans Caenorhabditis angaria Pelodera cylindrica Choriorhabditis cristata Pristionchus maupasi Fictor stercorarius Bunonema reticulatum sp. Pelodera teres sp. 1 Rhabditis rainai Fuchsnema Mehdinema alii Pristionchus uniformis Sudhausia aristotokia Pristionchus pacificus Pelodera strongyloides Acrostichus rhynchophori Fictor sp. 2 Fictor sp. 1 Fuchsnema halleri Sudhausia crassa Pristionchus fissidentatus Rhabditolaimus sp. 2 Oscheius carolinensis Rhabditidoides sp. Paroigolaimella stresemanni Cruznema tripartitum Acrostichus cf. nudicapitatus Levipalatum texanum Diplogasteroides Brevibucca saprophaga Acrostichus halicti Oscheius myriophila Rhabditis colombiana Diplogasteroides magnus Diplogastrellus (Diplogastrellus) gracilis Teratorhabditis palmarum Teratorhabditis synpapillata Rhabditolaimus Oigolaimella attenuata sp. Pseudodiplogasteroides Oigolaimella Eudiplogasterium levidentum sp. 1 Neodiplogaster crenatae Mononchoides Neodiplogaster Mesorhabditis acidophila Rhabditoides inermis Micoletzkya Mononchoides Tylopharynx foetida Diplogasteriana schneideri Micoletzkya inedia Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Mononchoides Diplogasetriana Teratorhabditis mariannae Micoletzkya japonica Paroigolaimella micura Sachsia zurstrasseni Parasitorhabditis obtusa Parapristionchus giblindavisi Butlerius Diplogastrellus (Metadiplogaster) Micoletzkya buetschlii Koerneria luziae Teratodiplogaster Distolabrellus veechi Allodiplogaster sudhausi Myolaimus byersi Parasitodiplogaster maxinema Teratodiplogaster Koerneria Leptojacobus dorci Allodiplogaster Allodiplogaster hylobii Zeldia punctata Poikilolaimus oxycercus 4.431

2.775 Odontopharynx longicaudata 1.737 Poikilolaimus floridensis 1.088 0.681 0.427 0.267 0.167 0.105 complexity dimorphism 09 01