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Kings for All Seasons
BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER ANALYSIS PAPER Number 8, September 2013 KINGS FOR ALL SEASONS: HOW THE MIDDLE EAST’S MONARCHIES SURVIVED THE ARAB SPRING F. GREGORY GAUSE, III B ROOKINGS The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publica- tion are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars. Copyright © 2013 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/about/centers/doha T A B LE OF C ON T EN T S I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1 II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 III. “Just Wait, They Will Fall” .............................................................................................5 IV. The Strange Case of Monarchical Stability .....................................................................8 Cultural Legitimacy ...................................................................................................8 Functional Superiority: Performance and Reform ..................................................12 -
Legacies of the Anglo-Hashemite Relationship in Jordan
Legacies of the Anglo-Hashemite Relationship in Jordan: How this symbiotic alliance established the legitimacy and political longevity of the regime in the process of state-formation, 1914-1946 An Honors Thesis for the Department of Middle Eastern Studies Julie Murray Tufts University, 2018 Acknowledgements The writing of this thesis was not a unilateral effort, and I would be remiss not to acknowledge those who have helped me along the way. First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Thomas Abowd, for his encouragement of my academic curiosity this past year, and for all his help in first, making this project a reality, and second, shaping it into (what I hope is) a coherent and meaningful project. His class provided me with a new lens through which to examine political history, and gave me with the impetus to start this paper. I must also acknowledge the role my abroad experience played in shaping this thesis. It was a research project conducted with CET that sparked my interest in political stability in Jordan, so thank you to Ines and Dr. Saif, and of course, my classmates, Lensa, Matthew, and Jackie, for first empowering me to explore this topic. I would also like to thank my parents and my brother, Jonathan, for their continuous support. I feel so lucky to have such a caring family that has given me the opportunity to pursue my passions. Finally, a shout-out to the gals that have been my emotional bedrock and inspiration through this process: Annie, Maya, Miranda, Rachel – I love y’all; thanks for listening to me rant about this all year. -
The “Arab Spring” in the Kingdoms
RESEARCH PAPER The “Arab Spring” in the Kingdoms Zoltan Barany | September 2012 The “Arab Spring” in the Kingdoms Series: Research Paper Zoltan Barany | September 2012 Copyright © 2012 Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. All Rights Reserved. ____________________________ The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies is an independent research institute and think tank for the study of history and social sciences, with particular emphasis on the applied social sciences. The Center‟s paramount concern is the advancement of Arab societies and states, their cooperation with one another and issues concerning the Arab nation in general. To that end, it seeks to examine and diagnose the situation in the Arab world – states and communities – to analyze social, economic, and cultural policies and to provide political analysis from an Arab perspective. The Center publishes in both Arabic and English in order to make its work accessible to both Arab and non-Arab researchers. Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies PO Box 10277 Street No. 826, Zone 66 Doha, Qatar Tel.: +974 44199777 | Fax: +974 44831651 www.dohainstitute.org Table of Contents Introduction 1 Varieties of Upheaval 3 Explaining the Different Levels of Upheaval 9 Societal Cleavages 18 Deficiencies of Political Mobilization 20 State Responses 23 Buying Social Peace 23 Political Responses: Carrots and Sticks 25 External Assistance 31 Conclusion 36 THE ARAB SPRING IN THE KINGDOMS Introduction1 The revolutions that have rocked the presidential republics of North Africa and the Middle East since early-2011 have garnered intense scholarly and journalistic interest and, in a short time, spawned an extensive literature.2 The Arab world‟s eight monarchies – Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) – with the notable exception of the first, a tiny island kingdom off the coast of Saudi Arabia, have escaped the brunt of the upheaval and received relatively modest attention. -
Jordanian Islamist Responses in Spring and Fall
RETHINKING POLITICAL ISLAM SERIES August 2015 The more things change, the more they stay the same: Jordanian Islamist responses in spring and fall WORKING PAPER David Siddhartha Patel SUMMARY: The events of the post-Arab Spring period have not fundamentally altered the goals and tactics of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood or changed the dynamic of its relationship with Jordan’s monarchy. The 2015 split within the group initiated by the Zamzam Initiative reflects long-growing divides between Palestinian-Jordanian Islamists and Transjordanian Islamists that preceded the Arab Spring. About this Series: The Rethinking Political Islam series is an innovative effort to understand how the developments following the Arab uprisings have shaped—and in some cases altered—the strategies, agendas, and self-conceptions of Islamist movements throughout the Muslim world. The project engages scholars of political Islam through in-depth research and dialogue to provide a systematic, cross-country comparison of the trajectory of political Islam in 12 key countries: Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Jordan, Libya, Pakistan, as well as Malaysia and Indonesia. This is accomplished through three stages: A working paper for each country, produced by an author who has conducted on-the-ground research and engaged with the relevant Islamist actors. A reaction essay in which authors reflect on and respond to the other country cases. A final draft incorporating the insights gleaned from the months of dialogue and discussion. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization devoted to independent research and policy solutions. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. -
Background Guide Princeton Interactive Crisis Simulation 2006
Background Guide Princeton Interactive Crisis Simulation 2006 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Chair: Anas Sarhan ‘08 Director: Arzu Komili ‘08 International Relations Council Princeton University Welcome Letter Dear Ministers, Assalamu ‘alaykum fellow citizens. Welcome to Princeton Interactive Crisis Simulation. This year’s crisis simulation focuses on the Middle East, an issue that has frequented the headlines of every major news organization for the past several years. The time has finally come for us to explore our own solutions to the multiple crises, and duly experience one of the most intense political struggles of our time. We have been chosen to represent the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, a country with little known about it other than the fact that it borders both Israel and Iraq. It lies between the two main political controversies of the region, and has managed to stay quiet for quite some time. This country’s peace-seeking and non-aggressive stance is ours for the changing, if we so desire. So, consider what you think you would do if you were King Abdullah II. However, keep in mind that the Al-Hussein monarchs have managed to guide their beloved country through several decades of strife with very little disruption of their established peace. I’m Anas Sarhan, the chair of the Jordanian Committee. I will be playing the role of His Royal Highness King Abdullah II Al-Hussein. You’ll find it convenient, and maybe even amusing, that I am in fact a Jordanian citizen in reality, and speak Arabic. My parents were both born in Palestine, or what is now Israel, and were granted refuge in Jordan along with their parents and siblings. -
A GIS-Informed Study of Urban Planning in Amman, Jordan
University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) Spring 5-2-2021 A City Divided: A GIS-Informed Study of Urban Planning in Amman, Jordan Ella Lawson Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the Geographic Information Sciences Commons, Human Geography Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons Recommended Citation Lawson, Ella, "A City Divided: A GIS-Informed Study of Urban Planning in Amman, Jordan" (2021). Honors Theses. 1819. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1819 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CITY DIVIDED: A GIS-INFORMED STUDY OF URBAN PLANNING IN AMMAN, JORDAN Ella Lawson An Undergraduate Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion Of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies Croft Institute for International Studies Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College The University of Mississippi University, Mississippi May 2021 Approved Advisor: Dr. Vivian Ibrahim Reader: Dr. Emily Lord Fransee Reader: Dr. Louis Zachos © 2021 Ella Elizabeth Lawson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii Acknowledgements If I were to acknowledge everyone who helped me complete this thesis, it would take another fifty pages, and I don’t want to tire you out before you’ve begun the actual essay. So, I will be as brief and appreciative as I can. -
Youth Well-Being Policy Review of Jordan © Oecd 2018 │ 3
Youth Well-being Policy Review of Jordan YOUTH WELL-BEING POLICY REVIEW OF JORDAN 2 │ OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE The OECD Development Centre was established in 1962 as an independent platform for knowledge sharing and policy dialogue between OECD member countries and developing economies, allowing these countries to interact on an equal footing. Today, 27 OECD countries and 25 non-OECD countries are members of the Centre. The Centre draws attention to emerging systemic issues likely to have an impact on global development and more specific development challenges faced by today’s developing and emerging economies. It uses evidence-based analysis and strategic partnerships to help countries formulate innovative policy solutions to the global challenges of development. For more information on the Centre and its members, please see www.oecd.org/dev. Please cite this publication as: OECD Development Centre (2018), “Youth Well-being Policy Review of Jordan”, EU-OECD Youth Inclusion Project, Paris. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the member countries of the OECD or its Development Centre. © OECD 2018 YOUTH WELL-BEING POLICY REVIEW OF JORDAN © OECD 2018 │ 3 Foreword Today’s world youth population aged 10-24 is 1.8 billion strong, the largest cohort ever to be transitioning into adulthood. More than 85% live in developing countries. In many places, they represent 30% of the population – and the numbers keep growing. Many developing countries have the potential to realise a demographic dividend, if the right social and economic policies and investments are in place. As such, youth is increasingly taking centre stage in policy debates as a driver of development. -
The Conservation of Decorated Surfaces on Earthen Architecture
This page intentionally left blank The Conservation of Decorated Surfaces on Earthen Architecture Proceedings from the International Colloquium Organized by the Getty Conservation Institute and the National Park Service Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, USA September 22-25, 2004 Edited by Leslie Rainer and Angelyn Bass Rivera THE GETTY CONSERVATION INSTITUTE Los ANGELES Front cover: View of a traditional dwelling, northern Ghana (photo: Thierry Joffroy, CRATerre-EAG, 1997). Back cover (clockwise from top left): Detail of Babban Gwani, Bauchi, Nigeria (photo: Ishanlosen Odiaua, 2004); painted earthen plaster on the interior of Room 121, Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park (photo: Angelyn Bass Rivera, 1999); detail of a screen wall, Adarko Jachi shrine, Ghana (photo: Thierry Joffroy, CRATerre-EAG); and detail of Banqueting Scene with Dancers (EA37984), wall painting fragment from the Tomb of Nebamun, British Museum (photo: Corinna Kenyon). The Getty Conservation Institute Timothy P. Whalen, Director Jeanne Marie Teutónico, Associate Director, Programs The Getty Conservation Institute works internationally to advance conservation and to enhance and encourage the preservation and understanding of the visual arts in all of their dimensions—objects, collections, architec- ture, and sites. The Institute serves the conservation community through scientific research; education and training; field projects; and the dissemination of the results of both its work and the work of others in the field. In all its endeavors, the Institute is committed -
The Odd Couple: Ending the Jordanian-Syrian "Cold War"
Ryan, C. R. (2006). The Odd Couple: Ending The Jordanian-Syrian "Cold War". Middle East Journal, 60(1), 33-56. Published by The Middle East Institute. (ISSN: 0026-3141) Winter 2006 The Odd Couple: Ending the Jordanian-Syrian "Cold War" Curtis R Ryan ABSTRACT Of all the bilateral relationships between Arab states, the Jordanian-Syrian relationship has been among the most tumultuous. Jordanian-Syrian relations have, more often than not, been marked by varying degrees of mutual hostility and even violence. These periods of animosity have been so frequent that they amounted to a local ‘Cold War’ even in the midst of the many other conflicts in the region. But with regime changes in both Amman and Damascus, a marked thaw has emerged in Jordanian-Syrian relations, seemingly ending another long period of acrimony. But this type of event has happened once before: in the late 1970s when Jordan and Syria shifted from antagonism to alliance. This article examines both the historic and current attempts to end the Jordanian-Syrian Cold War, so that the earlier episode may shed some light on the present and future of Jordanian-Syrian relations. ARTICLE Throughout their histories as independent states, Jordan and Syria have had a tenuous relationship at best, marked by temporary military alliances during wars with Israel, but more often by varying degrees of mutual hostility. These long periods of hostility were so extensive, in fact, that they amounted to a local "Cold War" in the midst of the many other conflicts already operating in the region. Today, however, a marked thaw has emerged in Jordanian-Syrian relations. -
Caucasus, July 6, 2004 (Updated April 2009)
Description of document: US Department of State Self Study Guide for Caucasus, July 6, 2004 (updated April 2009) Requested date: 11-March-2007 Released date: 25-Mar-2010 Posted date: 19-April-2010 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Office of Information Programs and Services A/GIS/IPS/RL U. S. Department of State Washington, D. C. 20522-8100 Fax: 202-261-8579 Note: This is one of a series of self-study guides for a country or area, prepared for the use of USAID staff assigned to temporary duty in those countries. The guides are designed to allow individuals to familiarize themselves with the country or area in which they will be posted. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. -
Minorities Report
Defying Prejudice, Advancing Equality–1: Minorities in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union rter Richard Ca Photograph: Roma family in Suceag, Romania Richard Carter EveryChild Copyright © 2001 EveryChild EveryChild is an international non-governmental organisation that works to promote the right and need of every child to grow up in a family. 4 Bath Place, Rivington Street London EC2A 3DR Tel: 020 7749 2430; Fax: 020 7749 2463 Email: [email protected] Website: www.everychild.org.uk Cover design: Brendan Davies The contents of this document may be freely reproduced or quoted, provided any reference is fully credited to EveryChild. Readers citing the document are asked to use the following form of words: Carter, Richard (2001), “Defying Prejudice, Advancing Equality–1: Minorities in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union,” London: EveryChild. EveryChild: Defying Prejudice, Advancing Equality – 1 ii CONTENTS Page • Foreword vi • Executive Summary 1 • PART 1: MINORITIES AND DISCRIMINATION 3 What is a minority – and why does it matter? 3 Minorities in central/eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union 4 The irresistible rise of nationalism? 5 Nationalism in central/eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union 7 Nationalism resurgent 11 • PART 2: THE SITUATION IN THE REGION 14 Numbers of minority groups in the region 14 Discrimination against minorities: why we should be concerned 15 • PART 3: MINORITIES IN THE REGION: A RESOURCE 20 • PART 4: DEFYING PREJUDICE, ADVANCING EQUALITY 79 Breaking the cycle -
The Origin of the Islamic Ribbed Vaults Famed in North Africa and Spain
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura THE ORIGIN OF THE ISLAMIC RIBBED VAULTS FAMED IN NORTH AFRICA AND SPAIN By RANA M. ALKADI Architect A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Architectural Heritage Department for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Advise: José Carlos Palacios 2016 DEDICATION To my father who believed in the importance of education iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I thank God for accepting my prayers not to stop learning and reaching a high level in education to be able to spread knowledge from people to people. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my Father and Mother for their patience during my studies. My sincerest thanks to Supervisor: Professor Jose Carlos Palacios for his guidance, support and valuable contributions throughout the preparations for this thesis and for giving me a great inner strength to success. It would be unfair not to mention the greatest support provided by the Department Secretary, Christina Villalba, for being a great friend and help during my research studies. iv ABSTRACT Islamic Architecture went through several periods of time. During its peak, numerous Islamic dynasties had been developed which resulted in the creation of new forms of architecture. When Islam started rising, it focused on spreading its faith among people in the Arabian Peninsula. Later, it concentrated on expanding to neighbourhood districts outside the Arabian Peninsula reaching Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Iran, North Africa and parts of Europe. These expansions developed rapid transformation in Architecture. The enormous extent of the Islamic Empire had developed independent dynasties over time.