I SSN 1746-8663

LBI London annual report 2012 R A of act Leo Baeck l nnua eport l v l t l nst l es tute London 2012 l Leo Baeck Institute London May 2012 Report of Activities Contents

4 Board 5 Introduction 8 When the German Jews Wanted to be Swiss 12 hrh Princess Anne Visits the lbi 13 our New Office Premises 14 lbi Appeals 16 Publications The Year Book 16 Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 56 (2011) 19 Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 57 (2012) 21 Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts 74 (2010) 22 23 Research Projects Jews in German-Speaking Academia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 23 A History of Visual Expressions of Antisemitism, Emotions and Morality 30 32 Lecture Series European Leo Baeck Institute Lecture Series 2011: New perspectives on Jewish-non-Jewish relations 32 European Leo Baeck Institute Lecture Series 2012: Jews and Justice 34 FilmTalk 2010/2011 36 FilmTalk 2011/2012 38 Jews, Politics and Austria 40 The 1st Annual Leo Baeck Institute Lecture 42 43 Conferences Patterns of Exclusion in the 20th and 21st Century: Racism, Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe 43 Emotions and the History of Modern Anti-Semitism 54 57 Forthcoming Events and Conferences International Stefan Zweig Conference in London, 6–8 June 2012: Stefan Zweig and Britain 57 59 Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme 65 John A. S. Grenville Studentship in Modern Jewish History and Culture 66 Leo Baeck Institute and Queen Mary Studentship in Modern Jewish History issn 1746 – 8663 Company limited by Guarantee 67 Leo Baeck Institute ma in European Jewish History Registered in England No. 766699 68 news from the lbi Jerusalem: Highlights 2011 Registered Charity No. 235163 70 news from the lbi New York: Highlights 2011 Layout: blotto design, Berlin. Print: Gulde-Druck GmbH, Tübingen 72 the Leo Baeck Institute 4 Introduction 5

Board Introduction Chair Prof Peter Pulzer Hon. Treasurer David Goldsmith Executive Council Adam Freudenheim Dr Cathy Gelbin Prof Sander Gilman Dr David Rechter Prof Raphael Gross Board Prof Marion Aptroot (Director) Prof Esra Bennathan Prof Richard Bessel This year marked the first year of the lbi Natalie Zemon Davis agreed to inaugurate this Prof Tobias Brinkmann London fully operating from its new premises new tradition. Prof David Cesarani on the campus of Queen Mary College, Uni- Lecture series, conferences and workshops Dr David Feldman versity of London. Here we teach undergradu- are an important part of our work. We collab- Prof Edgar Feuchtwanger ates and postgraduate students and success- orate with a great many different scholarly Dr Abigail Green fully run the lbi ma programme in European and cultural institutions in London such as Prof Neil Gregor Jewish History. Our PhD students work on the German Historical Institute, the Wiener Prof Christina von Hodenberg challenging projects such as Between “Jews in Library, the Austrian Cultural Forum or the Prof Julian Jackson Germany” and “Jewish Germans”: Jewish Identities Jewish Book Week. Among our partners abroad Dr Robert Kalisch in Modern Germany or The Jüdischer Kulturbund, are the Jewish Museum Frankfurt, the Fritz Dr Anthony Kauders 1933 – 1941: Culture and Normality in Jewish Daily Bauer Institute, the Max Planck Institute for Dr Rainer Liedtke Life under Nazism. Human Development, Berlin, or the University Dr Rudolf Muhs In 2012 we were also very fortunate to find of Fribourg in Switzerland. Prof Aubrey Newman a donor, who finances an ongoing generous The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book is also Prof Nils Roemer PhD studentship that is named after the late flourishing and our cooperation with Oxford Prof Miri Rubin historian and former editor of the Leo Baeck University Press proves to be highly success- Robin E. Sharp Institute Year Book, John Grenville. It is a great ful. The publication attracts more subscrib- Prof David Sorkin pleasure to be able to announce that the first ers every year. We are extremely happy to wel- Prof Jonathan Steinberg recipient of the J. A. S. Grenville scholarship come Edward Fram, University of Beer Sheva, Prof Till Van Rahden in Modern Jewish History and Culture has as new contributing editor, who will guarantee Prof Bernard Wasserstein resumed her research at the lbi and the School our expertise in Early Modern Jewish History. Prof Christian Wiese of History at Queen Mary College, University Shortly after Edward Fram was appointed we Prof Robert S. Wistrich of London. Stipends and studentships for ma learned with great sadness that Robert Liber- Prof Ruth Wodak and PhD students in our field of expertise are les, who served as our contributing Editor instrumental in paving the way for a new gen- since 2008, had passed away on 17th March Hon. Fellows Sheldon Nash eration of scholars into academia. in Beer Sheva. We will all remember him as a Prof Reinhard Rürup The lbi London is now housed in the archi- dear friend and a great scholar. Our Schriften- Honorary Life President Dr Dr h.c. Arnold Paucker, obe tecturally striking Arts Two Building on the reihe saw the publication of a new monograph: Queen Mary College campus. This new build- Johannes Sabel’s study Die Geburt der Literatur ing was officially opened this spring. As part of aus der Aggada. Formationen eines deutsch-jüdi- the opening activities and ceremonies the lbi schen Literaturparadigmas. was honoured by a visit of hrh Princess Anne. Our Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme has This year also saw the first Annual Leo moved into its sixth year. So far we have sup- Baeck Institute Lecture. We are delighted that ported over 60 PhD students in our field who ������� Introduction Introduction 7

­Prof Peter Pulzer (Chairman) Dr Daniel Wildmann (Deputy Director) Dr Cathy Gelbin (Member of the lbi London Executive) Carina Chitayat (Office Manager) Markus Cramer (intern from January until April 2012) Carlotta Israel (arsp Volunteer)

hail from many different scholarly back- time they spend at the lbi to support us. As grounds such as history, philosophy, literary every year I owe great thanks to Daniel Wild- and film studies or music ethnology. I would mann who, as our deputy director, not only like to express my thanks to the Studienstif- organises many of our scholarly activities, but tung des deutschen Volkes, our co-organiser, and has been very successful in making our strate- the Bundesministrium für Bildung und Forschung, gic partnership with qm a success. which finances the programme and who were On the whole, as I think this report bears both instrumental in making this interna- out, our small Institute is flourishing and we tional programme such a success. can be happy with the amount and quality of Our work profits from the support and ded- work in the field of German-Jewish History ication of our board members. We are happy and Culture we have accomplished with rela- and proud to report that Arnold Paucker was tively modest means. awarded an obe for Services to German-Jew- Prof Raphael Gross ish Studies by Her Majesty the Queen. Arnold Director Paucker was elected Honorary Life President of the lbi London by the agm in June. Louise London retired from the board. We would like to express our gratitude for her longstanding support of our Institute. We welcome Marion Aptroot and Julian Jackson, who became new members of the board this year. Sander Gilman agreed to join the executive council of the lbi. I am very grateful to Peter Pulzer, our Chair- man, David Goldsmith, our Honorary Treas- urer, Cathy Gelbin, Adam Freudenheim and David Rechter for the regular support of our work through their very active participation in our executive meetings. I would like to thank the members of staff of the lbi London. Roberto Crivelli and Carina Chitayat, who stand in for Almut Becker while she is on maternity leave. I would further like to thank our arsp volunteer Carlotta Israel and our Erasmus volunteer Markus Cramer for the 8 When the German Jews Wanted to be Swiss When the German Jews Wanted to be Swiss 9

When the German Jews Wanted to be Swiss

Prof Dr Michael Brenner after 1945, this was not met by a great deal of ist Congress convened in 1951, the German fed- The parents lived in Germany, but not as Ger- understanding in the Jewish communities eration was not invited to attend. Even at the mans. Many of them, and even those born ‘My impressions of Germany are such that I felt around the world. At its first post-war meet- World Maccabi Games, the sportsmen and after the war, remained stateless for decades. obliged to turn down several repeated offers ing in Montreux in 1948, the World Jewish women from Germany were not allowed to take If you were on a visit to Israel and were looked that I received from there to have a German Congress passed a resolution which confirmed part as an offical German delegation. Whilst at a little sideways for talking German, you edition of my English book published in Ger- ‘the determination of the Jewish people never the authorities of both German states required would try and eliminate uncomfortable ques- many. I am amazed that you are able to breathe again to settle on the bloodstained soil of Ger- Jewish communities in their midst, in order to tions by quickly slipping in the words: ‘We’re in that air’. So wrote Gershom Scholem, after many’. Similar voices could be heard from make the break with the past clear to the world, from Austria’, or ‘We live in Switzerland’. All making a trip to Germany, in a letter to the other Jewish organisations. The Jewish Agency these communities fought in vain for decades the same, Israel not only exchanged diplomats historian and scholar of Religious Studies, announced in 1950, that for them, anyone who for recognition in the Jewish world. with Switzerland as early as 1949, but took up Hans-Joachim Schoeps, on the 6th of Novem- continued to stay in Germany, would hence- Only a few of the Jews living in post-war diplomatic relations with Austria in 1955. The ber, 1949. At the time, Schoeps had already forth no longer be considered a Jew and could Germany were intellectuals like Schoeps, and role of Switzerland in the issue of refugees and spent three years breathing in the air that, for not expect to be given support in the event of most of them were not even originally from during the Second World War had not yet been Scholem, had been poisoned. seeking a later immigration to Israel. Germany, but were Jewish Holocaust survi- much brought into question, and the Austrian The author Max Brod had already expressed For the young State of Israel, which saw vors who had ended up ‘getting caught’ in version – of being ‘Hitler’s first victim’ – had something similar to Schoeps. The two of its reason for existence not least in offering a the American occupation zone on their flight also been widely accepted. This was also the them had published a volume of Kafka’s writ- secure home to Jews from all over the world, from Eastern Europe to Israel or the United case for the correspondents of Hans-Joachim ings in 1931. Shortly after Schoeps’ return from for Jews to remain in Germany at all repre- States. For reasons of health, they could not Schoeps that were mentioned at the outset. Swedish exile, Brod admitted: ‘I don’t … under- sented an act of provocation. In Munich, the enter another country, were too exhausted to Gershom Scholem travelled regularly to attend stand how you can live and teach among this Israeli consulate that was accredited by the migrate further after years in concentration the Eranos Conference in Ascona, and Max wicked people’. Even after 1945, Schoeps stayed American authorities actively sought to pro- camps, or had either built up some sort of eco- Brod would spend time staying at a health spa true to the German national convictions that mote the emigration from Germany of Jewish nomic existence, or found a life partner among at Bad Gastein in Austria. The Federal Repub- he had expressed before 1933, and when he Displaced Persons from Eastern Europe. When the Germans. They did not want to stay, and yet lic of Germany, however, spent an additional answered Max Brod on the 18th of June, 1946, it became clear, however, at the start of the fif- if they had to stay, then at least their children decade as a nation diplomatically outlawed he was fully convinced that the old Prussian ties, not just that some of them wanted to stay should build a new existence somewhere else. by Israel. Israeli passports carried the annota- region between the Weichsel and the Elbe was in Germany, but that there was an increasing The neighbours, after all, could not be trusted. tion, ‘Valid for all nations with the exception his home, ‘the land, that I cannot abandon, in number of people re-migrating back from This is how the son of Holocaust survi- of Germany.’ When – to vociferous acts of pro- which I wish to live as well as lie buried. Not Israel, the Israeli consul, Chaim Yachil stated vors, who was born in 1946 in a Displaced Per- test from the Israeli opposition – Israel and the even the atrocities of its inhabitants can change that they ‘present a source of danger for the sons Camp near Munich, remembers how his Bundesrepublik then established diplomatic that…’ And later he noted: ‘Brod expressed the entire Jewish people… Those that are lured in mother sent him to the baker’s with the words: relations in 1965, many Israelis as well as Jews normative opinion of most German-speaking to the fleshpots of Germany should not expect ‘Go to the Murderer’s and get four rolls’. In his from outside Israel did indeed begin to per- Jews in 1946’. To which one might add, not just that Israel or the Jewish people will stand side notes, he adds laconically: ‘I only knew that ceive Germany as an economic and political that of the majority of German-speaking Jews. to side with them and offer support to make among the ‘Murderers’ there were some that partner, though resistance still stirred against When Jews started to relocate back to Germany their lives comfortable’. When the World Zion- were quite nice and some that were less nice’. 10 When the German Jews Wanted to be Swiss When the German Jews Wanted to be Swiss 11

the reconstruction of Jewish life on ‘blood- World Jewish Congress debates that addressed an office in Berlin. If, on the occasion of his This text first appeared in the Neuer Zürcher Zei- stained German soil’. the theme of ‘Germany and the Jews of the state visit to Germany in 1996, the Israeli Pres- tung of February 12th, 2011. We thank the nzz for their permission to reproduce it here. There were certainly voices from the start World’. The long-standing Chairman of the ident Ezer Weizman still wondered publicly carrying great moral weight that approved Jewish Women’s Federation in Germany, Lili how Jews could live in Germany and encour- Jewish life in Germany. These included the Marx, also remembers similar cases of exclu- aged them to emigrate to Israel, just a few years rabbi Leo Baeck who emigrated to London, as sion at international conferences: ‘There were later, on the occasion of the inauguration of a well as Martin Buber, the Philosopher of Reli- many, who wouldn’t talk to us at all. […] Or synagogue, his successor Moshe Katzav spoke gion who was active in Jerusalem. Nahum they would talk in English, so I wouldn’t under- words acknowledging the German-Jewish Goldman, the President of the World Jewish stand, saying: ‘Have you heard, that Jewish existence. Congress also adopted a realistic position and women from Germany are going to be repre- Since the nineties, Germany has become a accepted the the existence of Jewish life in Ger- sented? We can’t talk to them.’ I turned around country of immigration for a great deal more many as an unshakeable fact. Similar opinions and said: ‘Yes, you can!’ than 100,000 Jews from the former Soviet could also be heard from delegations of the Many German Jews only found this self- Union. It would not occur to any of them, when American Jewish Congress and the Anti-Def- assurance in the nineteen eighties. By now it abroad, to pretend that they lived in Austria or amation League which travelled around Ger- was clear that a new generation of Jews born in Switzerland. For them, Germany is a country many in the nineteen fifties. Germany had grown up there and also wanted that accepted them as refugees and whose citi- The Central Council of Jews in Germany to take German citizenship. In addition, the zenship they apply for. This would certainly was happy to note its slowly growing accept- German public began to deal systematically have seemed unimaginable in the years after ance throughout the Jewish world in an offi- with its National Socialist past. Since the Wald- the Shoa. cial report from 1964: ‘The Central Council heim affair and more recently with the appear- Translated by Duncan Brown has advocated since its establishment that the ance of Jörg Haider, there was no longer any Jewish community in Germany has a right to desire to identify oneself as an Austrian when existence […] We have argued our right to exist travelling abroad. And Switzerland too lost as an organised community in the face of many its innocence within the Jewish world, after forms of resistance, and above all in the face debates over the country’s role in the accept- of global opinion. In purely external terms, ance of Jewish refugees from the Third Reich our success is measured by the fact that we and following the rise in antisemitic state- are today represented in many global Jewish ments in the context of discussions about the organisations […]’ unclaimed assets of Holocaust victims. That this process was still not completed Without a great deal of debate, represent- by the middle of the sixties is illustrated, how- atives of the Central Jewish Council of Jews ever, by the irritations of the Central Council in Germany now assumed leading functions representatives at being neither consulted nor within international Jewish organisations, invited to give a speech two years later at the and the American Jewish Committee opened 12 HRH Princess Anne Visits the LBI Our New Office Premises 13

HRH Princess Anne Visits the LBI Our New Office Premises

March 9th marked the occasion of hrh Princess Anne’s visit to the lbi. It was a great honour to The new offices of the Leo Baeck Institute are situated in the ArtsTwo building of the Queen Mary, welcome the Princess to the Institute’s new premises as a part of the official opening ceremony University of London. Several events this March marked the official opening of this architectu- for the ArtsTwo building of Queen Mary, University of London. The Princess was introduced to rally striking building which also houses the School of History, including a visit of hrh Princess the work of the lbi by Prof Dr Peter Pulzer, Chairman of the lbi. Dana Smith, who is funded by Anne and the first Annual Leo Baeck Institute Lecture. The new premises provide space for the the lbi’s John A.S. Grenville PhD studentship, was excited to meet hrh: “Presenting hrh an Library and two office rooms. outline of my research after being a part of the lbi since January was one of the highlights of my first months here.”

Dr Daniel Wildmann, Prof Raphael Gross and Arts Two Building, Queen Mary, University hrh Princess Anne. Prof Peter Pulzer explains the of London work of the lbi

Prof Raphael Gross, Her Royal Highness Princess Anne, Prof Simon Gaskell (Principal of Queen Mary, University of London) and Prof Peter Pulzer. hrh Princess Anne takes a look at the Year Book

Dana Smith, holder of the John A. S. Grenville PhD- The new office of the lbi London studentship in Modern Jewish History and Culture, presents her project to hrh Princess Anne 14 LBI Appeals LBI Appeals 15

LBI Appeals We would like to thank an anonymous donor for his generous donations and enthusiastic sup- port of our work. His commitment enabled us to establish the John A. S. Grenville PhD student- ship in Modern Jewish History and Culture. We are grateful to the Jusaca Charitable Trust for their generous support. We would also like to thank those of our Society of Friends members who have sent us dona- tions—large or small—over the last year. Your help is greatly appreciated. Our lecture series, conferences and workshops were supported by Bank Sal. Oppenheim jr. & Cie. (Switzerland). Ralf Aklin and Dr Robert Kalisch of Bank Sal. Oppenheim deserve our special thanks for their kind support over the past years. The conference “Patterns of Exclusion in the 20th and 21st Century” was generously supported Leo Baeck Institute Appeal by Administrationsrat des Kath. Konfessionsteils des Kt. St. Gallen, Adolf und Mary Mil-Stiftung, The Leo Baeck Institute Appeal was launched in 1991 under the chairmanship of the Rt. Hon. Lady Alfred und Ilse Stammer-Mayer Stiftung, Büro Toleranzkultur, Geschwister Gondin-Stiftung, Warnock dbe to ensure the continued work of the Institute. To safeguard the future of the Insti- Katholische Kirche des Kantons Zürich, Philosophische Fakultät Universität Freiburg, Reformi- tute we will need funds in excess of £2,000,000. So far £550,000 have been raised. The funding erte Kirchen Bern-Jura-Solothurn, Rektorat Universität Freiburg, René und Susanne Braginsky will ensure that the independence and scholarship of the Institute continues to thrive within the Stiftung, Schweizerischer Israelitischer Gemeindebund, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds and excellent new modern environment at Queen Mary, University of London. Stiftung gegen Rassismus und Antisemitismus. Leo Baeck Institute Studentship Our fellowship programme was supported by At Queen Mary, University of London, we teach the Leo Baeck Institute ma in European Jewish Stiftung “Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft” (until 2009) History. It is also possible to register for a PhD in our field of research. The costs associated with Alfred Freiherr von Oppenheim Stiftung (until 2009) these studies are as follows: Robert Bosch Stiftung (until 2009) A fulltime ma is taken in the course of one year. Fees to the university are £5,500 and a main- Fritz Thyssen Stiftung (until 2009) tenance grant £12,000. A PhD student requires support for three years at the same cost per year We are extremely grateful that the Federal Ministry of Education and Research has generously as an ma student. agreed to fund this programme from 2010 onwards. Able students in the uk and abroad are keen to take up research, but for the most part lack the The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book Bibliography Appeal requisite financial means. We are grateful for any donations that will help us towards the costs of From 2000 to 2010 several donors helped to ensure the continuation of the annual bibliography these studentships. produced by the Institute. Our thanks go to: Our Thanks Robert Bosch Stiftung We would like to thank everyone who has given the lbi London their support, financial or other- René und Susanne Braginsky Stiftung wise, over the last year. In particular we wish to acknowledge and thank all donors who responded Robert Gavron Charitable Trust to our appeal and whose contributions have made a real difference to our work. We cannot list The Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture every single donor but would like to name some of our most generous contributors below. It Sheldon and Suzanne Nash Fund should be kept in mind that some donations were given on the condition that the donor remains The Posen Foundation anonymous. The Rayne Trust We are deeply thankful to the German Government, especially the Federal Ministry of the The Rothschild Foundation, Europe Interior and the Kultusminsterkonferenz which has been supporting us for very many years. We The Ruben and Elisabeth Rausing Trust appreciate with gratitude their help which secures the continuation of our work. Wissenschaftsfonds der Deutschen Genossenschaftsbank Our profound thanks go to Professor Dr Heinz-Horst Deichmann. He has been one our most Funding by most of these foundations has come to an end, and we are now looking for new finan- generous supporters both in terms of our academic programme and our long term financial cial assistance for the lbi Year Book Bibliography. needs. We are also very grateful to Sheldon and Suzanne Nash for their generous support. The London Leo Baeck Institute would not have been able to expand its activities without their help. 16 Publications Publications 17

Publications Helen McEwan (Manuscript Editor, the lbi Year Book) Dr Manfred Jehle (Bibliographer, the lbi Year Book) The Year Book

From 1993 onwards, the historian John Gren- trated mainly on documenting and publish- Testimonies. Among other public functions, reading the articles and the bibliography. We ville served as editor of the Year Book. For eight- ing articles by the former representatives of she serves on the Board of Directors and Trus- would also like to thank Almut Becker and een years his guiding hand provided continu- German Jewry of the Weimar period and early tees of the Leo Baeck Institute London, and on Gabriele Rahaman for coordinating the edito- ity and maintained the Year Book‘s enviable Nazi Germany. Increasingly, however, the Year the selection committee of the Leo Baeck Fel- rial work, as well as Manfred Jehle for provid- standard of academic distinction, ensuring Book became a historical journal that reflected lowship Programme run jointly by the Leo ing our annotated online bibliography. Last, its world-wide reputation. After the found- a focused—yet necessarily complex—perspec- Baeck Institute London and the Studienstiftung but not least, we would like to thank Clare ing editor Robert Weltsch, and his immediate tive as well as certain methodical trends in the des deutschen Volkes. Morton and Gareth Meager at Oxford Univer- predecessor Arnold Paucker, John was only the field, such as social or economic history. It Cathy brings further new perspectives to sity Press. third editor since the Year Book‘s inception in is very much thanks to the first three editors the study of German-speaking Jewish history As in previous years, the Editors wish to 1956. All three editors—along with Julius Car- and the international contributors to the Year and culture that reflect the way our field has express the gratitude of the Leo Baeck Institute lebach, who acted as associate editor between Book—by no means all of whom were Jewish been developing over the last decade. As the to the unswerving support of the Bundesminis- 1993 and 2000—shared the refugee experience, scholars—that the study of German-speaking history of the Year Book clearly shows, perspec- terium des Innern and the Ständige Konferenz der and they had all, at one point in their lives, Jewry and its impact on European and overseas tives change for biographical and methodo- Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik made the historiography of German-speaking history is flourishing. logical reasons. And while we jointly seek to Deutschland, whose funds enable us to keep the Jewry the main focus of their activity. With these changing perspectives, the develop the Year Book further, particularly since Year Book affordable and allow it to continue to It is therefore with great sadness that, as methodological focus of the Year Book has also it is now successfully established as an Oxford enjoy wide distribution throughout the world. his long term co-editor and as his successor, widened. This is very much reflected in the University Press peer-reviewed journal, we This support is testament to the role that Ger- we must inform our readers that John Gren- Year Book‘s new editor who has already been remain true to its original core aims. man-Jewish history continues to play for pre- ville passed away on 7 March 2011 in Birming- working in close cooperation with John Gren- The editors wish to express their thanks to sent-day Germany. While also reflecting the ham. His loss means that a generation of truly ville and Raphael Gross over the last two years. a number of people. First to our contributing enduring value of our work, it is a sign of the extraordinary historians whose childhood was Cathy Gelbin, who read German and Film Stud- editor, Robert Liberles, who has been instru- increasing awareness that the subject of our spent in National-Socialist Germany is left ies at the Free University of Berlin and Cornell mental in soliciting many articles for this research, German-Jewish history and culture, bereft of one more authoritative voice. This University, is a literary and film scholar with and previous Year Book volumes. His help has is not only seen as an important part of the volume is dedicated to John Grenville, born a Cultural Studies focus. She is a Senior Lec- been particularly valuable in finding articles Jewish world, but of German history as well. Hans Gubrauer on 11 January 1928 in Berlin. It turer in German Studies at Manchester Uni- on the Early Modern period, as may be seen in includes an obituary written by Peter Pulzer as versity. Before serving as Director of Research the current volume, particularly in the section Cathy Gelbin, Raphael Gross well as a previously unpublished filmed inter- and Educational Programmes at the Centre devoted to Jewish leisure activities during the view John Grenville gave to Bea Lewkowicz in for German-Jewish Studies at Sussex Univer- Early Modern period. March 2007. sity, she was the co-ordinator of the Holocaust This year we are again privileged to work One of the aims of the generation that, in video testimony project Archiv der Erinnerung, with a devoted team on the Year Book, and it 1955, founded the Leo Baeck Institute and its carried out at the Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum is with great pleasure that we thank our man- Year Book in Jerusalem, was to study and doc- für europäisch-jüdische Studien at the Univer- uscript reader and editors Joel Golb, Helen ument the history of German-speaking Jewry. sity of Potsdam under the aegis of Yale Univer- McEwan, Jonathan Hensher and Anthony During the early years, the Year Book concen- sity‘s Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Travis. We thank Marion Koebner for proof- 18 Publications Publications 19

Advisory Board Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 56 (2011) Great Britain David Cesarani (London) Christopher Clark (Cambridge) Contents Neil Gregor (Southampton) Preface by Cathy Gelbin and Raphael Gross Ian Kershaw (Sheffield) Peter Pulzer (Oxford) i. John Grenville– Obituary and Interview Peter Pulzer Germany Wolfgang Benz (Berlin) John Grenville 1928 – 2011 Michael Brenner (Munich) Bea Lewkowicz Ursula Büttner (Hamburg) An Interview by Dr Bea Lewkowicz with Professor John Grenville Norbert Frei (Jena) Arno Herzig (Hamburg) ii. Jewish Life in the Early Modern Period Monika Richarz (Berlin) Dean Phillip Bell Reinhard Rürup (Berlin) Navigating the Flood Waters: Perspectives on Jewish Life in Early Modern Germany Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Berlin) Nimrod Zinger Christian Wiese (Frankfurt am Main) Away from Home: Travelling and Leisure Activities among German Jews in the Seven- teenth and Eighteenth Centuries United States Christopher Browning (North Carolina) Mirjam Zadoff Peter Gay (Yale) Travelling Writers: The Creation of Eastern Jewish Hideaways in the West Marion Kaplan (New York) Barry Stiefel Steven Lowenstein (Los Angeles) The Architectural Origins of the Great Early Modern Urban Synagogue Paul Mendes-Flohr (Chicago) Michael A. Meyer (Cincinnati) iii. Age of Acculturation Jehuda Reinharz (Brandeis) Christopher R. Friedrichs Ismar Schorsch (New York) Leisure and Acculturation in the Jewish Community of Dresden, 1833 – 1837 David Sorkin (New York) Evyatar Friesel Fritz Stern (New York) Abraham Geiger in 1848: His Views on the Revolution, German Culture, and the Jews Guy Stern (Wayne State) Adam S. Ferziger Bernard Wasserstein (Chicago) The Hamburg Cremation Controversy and the Diversity of German-Jewish Orthodoxy Canada Till Van Rahden (Montreal) Felicitas Seebacher The General Policlinic Vienna: Between Science, Ethnicity and Politics Israel Steven Aschheim (Jerusalem) Harold James Zwi Bacharach (Tel-Aviv) Wrestling with the Angel: Georg Solmssen and Germany Avraham Barkai (Lehavoth Habashan) Dan Diner (Jerusalem and Leipzig) iv. German-speaking Philosophers in British Contexts Shmuel Feiner (Bar Ilan) Ute Deichmann Evyatar Friesel (Jerusalem) Michael Polanyi on Scientific Authority and his Criticism of Popper and Russell Shulamit Volkov (Tel-Aviv) Ulrich Charpa Yfaat Weiss (Jerusalem) The Cambridge “Realgymnasium” and the “Freie Schule” London – Historical and Philo- Robert S. Wistrich (Jerusalem) sophical Remarks on Gerd Buchdahl and Karl R. Popper Moshe Zimmermann (Jerusalem) ������� Publications Publications 21

v. In the Shadow of the Holocaust Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 57 (2012) Ferenc Laczo Negotiating Historicity: Hungarian Jewish Scholarly Perspectives on the Relevance, Con- tent and Meaning of History in the Age of Catastrophe Provisional Content Jacob Borut Preface Struggles for Spaces: Where Could Jews Spend Free Time in Nazi Germany? Mark Gelber vi. Jews in the German Democratic Republic Autobiography and History: Stefan Zweig, Theodor Herzl and Die Welt von Gestern Ute Frevert Caroline Jessen Jewish Hearts and Minds? Feelings of Belonging and Political Choices among East German “ Vergangenheiten haben ihr eigenes Beharrungsvermögen … ” Josef Kastein and the trou- Intellectuals blesome Persistence of a Canon of German Literature in Palestine/Israel Sander Gilman vii. List of Contributors Laugh and the World Laughs with You – The Terms on which Jews and Muslims join West- ern Civilization viii. Index Cornelia Wilhelm Introduction: The German Rabbinate Abroad Chaya Brasz Dutch Jewry and its Undesired German Rabbinate Michael A. Meyer The Refugee Rabbis: Trials and Transmissions Robert Juette Not welcomed with open arms. German Rabbis in Eretz Israel, 1933 – 1948 Ira Bedzow Minhag Israel Torah He (The Custorm of Israel is Torah): The Role of Custom in the For- mation of Orthodoxy Adam Sutcliffe Ludwig Börne, Jewish Messianism, and the Politics of Money Robert Wistrich Rosa Luxemburg: The Cross Cultural Polish-German-Jewish Identity of a Revolutionary Internationalist Elias Sacks “ Finden Sie mich sehr amerikanisch? ”: Jacob Taubes, Hermann Cohen, and the Return to German-Jewish Liberalism Judith Keilbach Buildings, Vases, Bikes, and Rocking Horses. Aryanised Objects in “ The Joel Files ” and “ Mariannes Heimkehr ” 22 Publications Research Projects 23

Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Research Projects Instituts 74 (2010)

Johannes Sabel Jews in German-Speaking Academia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Die Geburt der Literatur aus der Aggada. Formationen eines deutsch-jüdischen Literaturparadigmas

Contents A) Einleitung 1 Die Entstehung eines Begriffes jüdischer Literatur This is a long-term project. It is carried out by Ulrich Charpa, Ute Deichmann, and 2 Die Kategorien Aggada und Halacha Anthony S. Travis (see below). The project aims at documenting, evaluating and explaining the role of Jews in German-speaking academia during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In B) Hauptteil connection with the project international workshops were organised in Leipzig (2002), Jerusa- 1 Aggada und Halacha in der Wissenschaft des Judentums lem (2003), Brighton (2004), and Jerusalem (2006), Beer Sheva (2007, 2008, 2009), London (2010). 1.1 Der Verein für Cultur und Wissenschaft der Juden und die Schriften von Leopold Zunz External talks have been given at various conferences and at universities and research insti- 1.2 Aggada und Halacha im Feld von Kontingenz und Notwendigkeit tutions at Aachen, Beer Sheva, Berlin, Bochum, Bonn, Budapest, Cologne, Essen, Giessen, Haifa, 1.2 Das universalistische Modell – die Aggada als Weltliteratur Hanover, Heidelberg, Jena, Jerusalem, Leipzig, London, Milano, Oxford, Paris, Pasadena, Pots- 1.3 Universalität und Parikularität – die Aggada als Literatur des jüdischen Volkes dam, Regensburg, San Francisco, Stanford (Connecticut), Tübingen, Washington D.C., Weimar, 1.4 Die Aggada als Symbol and Wuppertal. 1.5 Das Krisenmodell – die Kontingenz der Aggada 2 Anthologien 2.1 Aggada und universale Moral 2.2 Die Aggada als Literatur 2.3 Die Autorität der Aggada: Der Diskurs nach Bialik 3 Nachhall: Die Überführung der Aggada in erzähltheoretische und religionsphiloso- phische Konzepte

C) Schluss

D) Anhang

Exkurs: Poststrukturalistische Perspektiven – David Stern und Daniel Boyarin Literaturverzeichnis Sach- und Personenregister 24 Research Projects Research Projects 25

Prof Ulrich Charpa “ Manhattan Projekt ”, forthcoming in: Enzyklopädie “ Introduction by the Editors: Problems, Phenomena, (Research Professor at the lbi London) jüdischer Kultur und Geschichte, ed.. D. Diner, Explanatory Approaches ”, in: Jews and Sciences Stuttgart: Metzler 2012, s.v. in German Contexts (see above), pp. 3 – 36. “ Terminal and Open States of Research. Du Bois-Rey- “ Aaron Bernstein’s ‘nächster großer Reformator’ – mond’s Ignorabimus-Thesis in a New Key ”, forth- Einstein, Reform Judaism, and the Fries School ”, coming in: Limits of Knowledge. Between Philoso- in: Jews and Sciences in German Contexts (see phy and the Sciences, ed. M. Anacker and N. Moro, above), pp. 155 – 180. Milan: Polimetrica 2012. “ Mister Bixby, Monsieur Bernard, and Some other “ The Cambridge Realgymnasium and the Freie 19th Century Scientist-Philosophers on Knowl- Schule London – Historical and Philosophical edge-Based Actions ”, in: Journal for General Phi- Remarks on Gerd Buchdahl and Karl R. Popper ” losophy of Science 37/2006, pp. 257 – 268. in: Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook lvi, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011, 269 – 287. “ Kompetenz und technischer Fortschritt – Eine alter- Prof Ulrich Charpa, Research Professor at lbi Grundprobleme der Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Pader- native Betrachtungsweise mit einigen Hinweisen “ Anti-Semitism as Mental Mechanism. A Model Sug- zur jüdischen Tradition ”, in: M. Kerner and Th. London, Professor of Philosophy and Member of the born/München/Wien/Zürich: Schöningh (utb 1952) 1996. gested by Some Similarities between 19th Cen- Müller (eds.) Gespaltene Welt? Technikzugänge Research School at Ruhr University, Bochum. Previ- tury Anti-Semitisms in Music and Science ”, in der Wissensgesellschaft, Köln/Weimar/Wien: ously he taught Philosophy, History of Science and Philosophische Wissenschaftshistorie – Grundsatzfragen / forthcoming in: G. Horan, F. Rash and D. Wild- Böhlau 2005, pp. 31 – 47. Verlaufsmodelle (Wissenschaftstheorie,­ Wissenschaft mann (eds). English and German Nationalist and Jewish Thought side by side at various universities. und Philosophie, vol. 42), Braunschweig/ Wiesbaden: Anti-Semitic Discourse, Oxford: Lang 2012. “ Eruw techumim – Fortschrittshandeln und Gren- Today he is also affiliated to the Jacques Loeb Center Vieweg 1995. zziehung. Analogisierungen im Blick auf Talmud “ Darwin, Schleiden, and the ‘ London Doctors ’. Evolu- und Wissenschaft ”, in: R. Elm (ed.) Horizonte for History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences at (with A. Grunwald) Albert Einstein, Campus Ein- tionism and Microscopical Research in the 19th des Horizontbegriffs, Sankt Augustin: Academia Ben Gurion University, Israel, and to Musikhochs- führungen, Frankfurt/New York: Campus 1993. Century ”, in Darwinism, Philosophy, and Experi- 2004, pp. 15 – 31. chule Weimar. He has published several books and mental Biology, ed. U. Deichmann and A. S. Travis, Aristoteles, Campus Einführungen, Frankfurt/New York: Dordrecht: Springer 2010, pp. 7 – 30 (see also: J (with U. Deichmann) “ Vertrauensvorschuß und wis- over 100 articles in academic journals and collec- Campus 1991. General Philosophy of Science 41/2010, pp. 61 – 84) senschaftliches Fehlhandeln – Eine reliabilis- tions, mostly on history and philosophy of science tische Modellierung der Fälle Abderhalden, Gold- (Ed.) Matthias Jakob Schleiden, Wissenschaftsphiloso- “ On How Watson and Crick Discovered what Watson schmidt, Moewus und Waldschmidt-Leitz ”, Ber- as well as of the humanities. He advocates a phil- phische Schriften mit kommentierenden Texten and Crick had Suggested. The Concept of Discov- ichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 27/2004, pp. osophical conception of research that emphasizes von Jakob Friedrich Fries, Christian G. Nees von ery Rediscovered ”, History and Philosophy of The 187 – 204. Esenbeck u. Gerd Buchdahl (History of the Phi- Life Sciences 30/2008, pp. 7 – 30. the role of expert knowledge and other competen- losophy of Science), Köln: Dinter 1989, separate (with U. Deichmann) “ Jews in the Sciences – Sci- cies of the scientists/scholars involved. Apart from edition with an essay‚ Zum 100jährigen Bestehen der “ Ich setze nur logisches Denken und die deutsche ences and the Jews: the 19th and 20th Centuries. the lbi project on Jews in German-speaking Aca- Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung’, Optisches Museums der Carl- Sprache als bekannt voraus. Zur Geschichte Introductory Remarks ”, Simon Dubnow Institute Zeiss-Stiftung 1989. deutschsprachiger jüdischer Mathematiker ”, Yearbook, vol. 3, 2004, pp. 149 – 159. demia, he is working on 19th century methodology ntm Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaf- and on some systematic aspects of the relationship (Co-Ed. with Paul Janssen) Zeit in Natur und ten, Technik und Medizin N. S. 18/2010, 231 – 243 “ Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804 – 1881). The History Geschichte, Philosophia Naturalis, 25/1988, 1 – 2, [in of Jewish Interest in Science and the Methodol- between science and Jewish religion. Recent pro- one volume] 1988. Review: A. I. Baumgarten, Elias Bickerman as a His- ogy of Microscopic Botany ”, Aleph: Historical jects include the role of Jews in the history of phi- torian of the Jews», Journal of Modern Jewish Studies in Science and Judaism vol. 3, 2003, pp. (Ed.) Literatur und Erkenntnis – Texte zum Streit Studies (forthcoming) 213 – 245. lology, the philologist Jacob Bernays, and German- zwischen Dichtung und Wissenschaft, Universal- Jewish history of music. bibliothek 15005, Stuttgart: Reclam, 1988. “ Des Esels langer Schatten –Überlegungen zur Deu- “ Judentum und wissenschaftliche Forschung. Ein- tung von Kontroversen ”, in: Das Wagnis des stellungscluster im späten 19. Jahrhundert und Book Publications Methodologie der Wissenschaft – Theorie literaturwissen- Neuen. Kontexte und Restriktionen der Wissen- ihr Fortwirken ”, in: Simon Dubnow Institute schaftlicher Praxis?, Philosophische Texte und Stu- schaft. Fs. K. Fischer zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. H. Yearbook, vol. 3, 2004, pp. 175 – 198. (Co-Ed. with U. Deichmann) Jews and Sciences in dien vol. 6, Hildesheim/Zürich/New York: Olms 1983. German Contexts. Case Studies from the 19th and R. Yousefi u.a., Nordhausen: Traugott Bautz 2009, pp. 177 – 194. “ Matthias Jakob Schleiden ”, in: O. Breidbach and Th. 20th Centuries (Schriftenreihe des Leo-Baeck- Bach (eds.) Naturphilosophie im 19. Jahrhundert, Institutes, vol 72), Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Sie- Recent papers “ Jews and Science ”, in: The Cambridge History of Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog 2004, pp. beck) 2007. “ The Cambridge Realgymnasium and the Freie Judaism, vol. 8 (The Modern Period), ed. M. Hart 627 – 653. (Co-Ed. with U. Deichmann) Simon Dubnow Insti- Schule London – Historical and Philosophical and T. Michels, Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- tute Yearbook, vol. 3, Teil 2 (“ Schwerpunkt Wis- Remarks on Gerd Buchdahl and Karl R. Popper ” sity Press (forthcoming). senschaftsgeschichte ”) Göttingen: Vandenhoeck in: Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook lvi, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011, 269 – 287 (with U. Deichmann) “ Jewish Scientists as Geniuses und Ruprecht, 2004, pp. 149 – 312. and Epigones – Scientific Practices and Attitudes Wissen und Handeln – Grundzüge einer Forschungstheo- “ ‘ Origin ’, ‘ Creation ’, and ‘Origin of Life’. Some Con- towards them: Albert Einstein, Ferdinand Cohn, rie, Stuttgart/Weimar: J. B. Metzler 2001. ceptual Considerations ”, History and Philosophy of Richard Goldschmidt ”, in: Studia Rosenthaliana the Life Sciences 2012/34 (forthcoming) 40/2007, pp. 75 – 108. 26 Research Projects Research Projects 27

Prof Ute Deichmann (Research Professor at the lbi London)

Prof Ute Deichmann, is Research professor at (Co-Ed. with A. S. Travis), Darwinism, Philosophy and of the Leo Baeck Institute lvi, Oxford University “ ‘ I Detest his Way of Working ’. Leonor Michaelis lbi, Adjunct Full Professor at the Department of Experimental Biology, Dordrecht: Springer 2010; Press, 249 – 268. (1875 – 1949), Emil Abderhalden (1877 – 1950) and see also: J General Philosophy of Science 41/2010, Jewish and non-Jewish Biochemists in Germany ”, Philosophy at Ben Gurion University, and profes- also: Journal for General Philosophy of Science, “ Chemistry and Engineering Life around 1900 – in: Charpa and Deichmann, Jews and Sciences in sor of Genetics at the University of Cologne. She is 2010/41,1. Research and Reflections by Jacques Loeb ”, German Contexts, pp. 101 – 126. Biological Theory 2010/4 (4), pp. 323 – 332. the director of the Jacques Loeb Centre for the His- (Co-Ed. with A. S. Travis) Philosophies in Modern “ Empiricism and the Discreteness of Nature: tory and Philosophy of the Life Sciences at this uni- Biology, Issue of History and Philosophy of the “ Gemmules and Elements: On Darwin’s and Mendel’s Ferdinand Cohn (1828 – 1998), the Founder of Concepts and Methods in Heredity ”, in: versity. Her work has focused on the biological and Life Sciences, vol. 30.1, 2008. Microbiology ”, in: Charpa and Deichmann, Jews Darwinism, Philosophy, and Experimental Biology and Sciences in German Contexts (2007), pp. chemical sciences in the 19th and 20th centuries, (Co-Ed. with U. Charpa) Jews and Sciences in German (see above) pp. 31 – 58. 39 – 50. where she has reviewed the history of experiments Contexts. Case Studies from the 19th and 20th Centuries, Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 2007. “ Early 20th Century Research at the Interfaces “ A Brief Review of the Early History of Genetics and theories on the one hand and examined polit- of Genetics, Development, and Evolution: and its Relationship to Physics and Chemistry ”, ical, social, and personal factors and their impact (Co-Ed. with S. Wenkel) Max Delbrück and Cologne. in: Wenkel and Deichmann, Max Delbrück in An Early Chapter of German Molecular Biology, Reflections on Progress and Dead Ends ”, on the advancement of science on the other. In 1995 Cologne. An Early Chapter of German Molecular New Jersey: World Scientific, 2007. Developmental Biology 2011/357, 2 – 12. Biology, pp. 3 – 18. she was recipient of the Ladislaus Laszt Award of (Co-Ed. with U. Charpa) “ Schwerpunkt Ben-Gurion University and in 2005 of the Gmelin “ Different Methods and Metaphysics in Early (with Ulrich Charpa) “ Jewish Scientists as Geniuses Wissenschaftsgeschichte ”, Yearbook of the Molecular Genetics – A Case of Disparity of and Epigones – Scientific Practices and Attitudes Beilstein Medal of the Society of German Chemists. Simon Dubnow Institute, Vol. 3, Göttingen 2004: Research? ”, History and Philosophy of the Life towards them: Albert Einstein, Ferdinand Cohn, In 2011, she received the Outstanding Paper Award Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, S. 149 – 312. Sciences 2008/30, pp. 57 – 82.. Richard Goldschmidt ”, Studia Rosenthaliana, 40, 12 – 55, 2007. from the Division of the History of Chemistry of the Flüchten, Mitmachen, Vergessen. Chemiker und “ Challenging the Protein Dogma of the Gene: Oswald American Chemical Society for her article “ ‘Molec- Biochemiker im Nationalsozialismus, Weinheim: T. Avery – a Revolutionary Conservative ”, in: “ Collective Phenomena and the Neglect of Molecules: Wiley/vch, 2001. ular’ versus ‘Colloidal’: Controversies in Biology Oren Harman and Michael Dietrich (eds.), Rebels An Historical Outlook on Biology ”, History and of Life: Iconoclastic Biologists of the Twentieth Philosophy of the Life Sciences 29, 83 – 92, 2007. and Biochemistry, 1900 – 1940” (see below). With a) “ Biologen unter Hitler. Vertreibung, Karrieren, Forschung, Frankfurt 1992 ”, in: Campus. Second Century, New Haven 2008: Yale University Press, Deichmann as the director, Anthony S. Travis, a pp. 154 – 173. “ Botaniker und Zoologen der Universität Heidelberg ”, edition: Biologen unter Hitler. Portrait einer in Wolfgang U. Eckart et al. (eds.) Die Universität longstanding senior research fellow in the lbi pro- Wissenschaft im ns-Staat, Frankfurt:­ Fischer, 1995. “ Politik und Forschung: Heinrich Wieland und Heidelberg im Nationalsozialismus, Springer ject as vice director, and Ulrich Charpa as member b) Biologists under Hitler, Cambridge, London: andere Chemiker in der ns-Zeit ”, in: Sibylle Verlag: Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 1195 – 1211. of the international advisory board, the Jacques Harvard University Press, 1996 (a revised and Wieland, Anne-Barb Hertkorn, Franziska Dunkel (eds.), Heinrich Wieland. Naturforscher, “ Vertrauen, Betrug und Politik: Proteinforschung Loeb Centre at Ben-Gurion University cooperates enlarged version of Biologen unter Hitler, translated in Deutschland während der ns-Zeit ”, in: by Thomas Dunlap). Nobelpreisträger und Willstätters Uhr, Wiley- in various ways with the lbi project “Jews in Ger- vch, 2008, pp. 81 – 114. Expeditionen in die Wissenschaft, Weinheim: Wiley-vch, 2006, pp. 21 – 37. man-speaking academia”. Recent papers “ ‘Molecular ’ versus ‘ Colloidal ’: Controversies in Biology and Biochemistry, 1900 – 1940 ”, Bulletin “ ‘Dem Duce, dem Tenno und unserem Führer ein Book publications “ Kultur und Identität in der Wissenschaft. Der for the History of Chemistry 32, 105 – 118, 2007. dreifaches Sieg Heil!’ Die Deutsche Chemische (Co-Ed. with E. Davidson & M. Morange) Animal Beitrag jüdischer Forscher zur internationalen Gesellschaft und der Verein deutscher Chemiker evolution as the reformulation of developmental Bedeutung deutscher Naturwissenschaft – ein (with Ulrich Charpa) “ Problems, Phenomena, in der ns-Zeit ”, in: Dieter Hoffmann and Mark gene regulatory programs: Historical origins jüdischer Beitrag? ”, Proceedings of the Moses Explanatory Approaches – Introduction by the Walker (eds.) Physiker zwischen Autonomie and current impact on research and theory. Mendelssohn Centre, 2012 (forthcoming) Editors ”, in: Charpa and Deichmann, Jews and und Anpassung. Die Deutsche Physikalische Special Section Developmental Biology 357,1/2011. Sciences in German Contexts, pp. 3 – 36. Gesellschaft im Dritten Reich, Weinheim: Wiley- “ Michael Polanyi on Scientific Authority and his vch, 2006, pp. 459 – 498. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Criticisms of Popper and Russell ” in: Yearbook 28 Research Projects Research Projects 29

Prof Anthony S. Travis (Senior Research Fellow at the lbi London)

“ Biochemie an den Reichsuniversitäten in “ Proteinforschung an Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituten Professor Anthony S. Travis is senior “Raphael Meldola and the Nineteenth Century Neo- Straßburg und Posen. Wissenschaft, Betrug 1930 – 1950 im internationalen Vergleich ”, research fellow at the lbi and deputy director Darwinians”, J General Philosophy of Science und Verbrechen ”, in: Christian Baechler et al. Ergebnisse 21, Präsidentenkommission 41/2010, pp. 143 – 172. (eds.) Les Reichsuniversitäten de Strasbourg “Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft of the Sidney M. Edelstein Center for the His- et de Poznan et les résistances universitaires, im Nationalsozialismus” der Max-Planck- tory and Philosophy of Science, Technology and “A Woman in Biochemistry and Toxicology: The Polish-British Refugee Regina Schoental”, 1941 – 1944, Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires de Gesellschaft, pp. 44, 2004. Medicine at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Strasbourg, 2005, pp. 127 – 141. Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 34, no. 2 “ Politische Ökologie, biologische, chemische und He has published extensively on the history of (2009). “ La biologie et la chimie á Reichsuniversität de medizinische Umweltforschung in der ns-Zeit ”, chemical technology in the 19th and 20th centu- Strasbourg entre 1941 – 1945. Science ou idéologie in: Acta Historica Leopoldina 39, pp. 117 – 134, “Raphael Meldola, Field Naturalist, and the “several national-socialiste? ”, in Elisabeth Crawford 2004. ries. Currently he is undertaking research into professors, a great many butterfly fanciers, and and Josiane Olff-Nathan (eds.) La science sous the scientific work of the British chemist Raph- gentlemen who visited the Forest in pursuit of the insect tribe!”, Essex Naturalist 26 (2009), pp. influence. L’ université de Strasbourg enjeu des ael Meldola, a close friend of Heinrich Caro and conflits franco-allemands 1872 – 1945, Strasbourg: 13 – 38. other leading German-Jewish chemists, as well Editions de la Nuée Bleue, 2005, pp. 275 – 287. On Chariots with Horses of Iron and Fire: The as of Charles Darwin. Travis has co-organised “ Jewish Refugee Scientists ”, in: Thomas Adam (ed.) Excursionists and the Narrow Gauge Railroad Germany and the Americas. Culture, Politics and workshops on behalf of the Leo Baeck Institute. from Jaffa to Jerusalem, Jerusalem: Magnes 2009. History, Santa Barbara: abc-Clio Transatlantic Collaborating organisations were the Edelstein “ Images for Biological Research: The Theory and Series, 2005, pp. 575 – 586. Center, the Einstein Center Humanities Divi- Practice of Paul Ehrlich ”, History and Philosophy (with Ulrich Charpa) “ Vertrauensvorschuß sion at Hebrew University, and the American of the Life Sciences 30, no. 1, 2008. und wissenschaftliches Fehlhandeln – Eine Chemical Society. He is the author of six mono- “ What a Wonderful Empire is the Organic Chemistry ”, reliabilistische Modellierung der Fälle graphs, and over 100 articles, published in Israel, in: Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 32, no. Abderhalden, Goldschmidt, Moewus 1, 2008. und Waldschmidt-Leitz ”, Berichte zur Germany, the United States, the United King- Wissenschaftsgeschichte 27, 2004, pp. 187 – 204. dom and Russia. He is recipient of the Ameri- “ German-Jewish Chemists and Raphael Meldola: The 1906 Jubilee Celebration for the Discovery of the “ Erfolg und Fachdisziplin – Juden in Chemie can Chemical Society’s History of Chemistry First Aniline Dye ”, in: Ulrich Charpa and Ute und Biomedizin in Deutschland bis 1933 ”, in: Division 2007 Edelstein Award for outstand- Deichmann (eds.) Jews and Sciences in German Yearbook of the Simon Dubnow Institute 3, pp. ing achievement in the history of chemistry. Contexts, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007, pp. 269 – 292, 2004. 51 – 75. (with Ulrich Charpa) “ Jews in the Sciences – Sciences Recent publications include “ Anilines: Historical Background ”, “ Manufacture and the Jews – The 19th and 20th Centuries: (with E. Homburg and others), The Chemical and Uses of the Anilines: A Vast Array of Introductory Remarks ”, in: Yearbook of the Industry in Europe, 1850 – 1914: Industrial Growth, Processes and Products ” and “ Toxicological Simon Dubnow Institute 3, pp. 149 – 159, 2004. Pollution and Professionalization Dordrecht: and Environmental Aspects of Anilines ” in: Z. “ Early Responses to Avery‘s et al.’s 1944 Paper on dna Springer 2011 (pocket edition) Rappoport (ed.) The Chemistry of Functional as Hereditary Material ”, in: Historical Studies Groups: The Chemistry of Anilines, Chichester: (with P. J. Morris and others), Determinants in the Wiley, 2007, chapter 13. in the Physical and Biological Sciences 34:2, pp. Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 207 – 233, 2004. 1900 – 1939: New Technologies, Political Frameworks, Dyes in America 1915 – 1980: The Calco Chemical (with Anthony S. Travis) “ A German Influence Markets and Companies, Dordrecht: Springer Company American Cyanamid and the Raritan on Science in Mandate Palestine and Israel: (pocket edition) 2010. River, Huddersfield: Hexagon 2004. Chemistry and Biochemistry ”, in: Israel Studies 9.2, pp. 34 – 70, 2004. 30 Research Projects Research Projects 31

A History of Visual Expressions of Antisemitism, Emotions and Morality

A joint research project by the Leo Baeck Institute London and the Fritz Bauer Institut Frankfurt

In the German Kaiserreich, during the late 19th vital to the formulation of antisemitic narra- present-day discourse on antisemitism in film and early 20th century, postcards were a pop- tives, shared emotions and shared common and caricatures. ular means of communication. In 1900, Berlin values. The postcard is a case in point. The project is generously supported by a bookseller “ Antisemitic Bookshop Emil Keil ” What is still missing in present-day research foundation that would like to remain anony- produced a postcard entitled “ Jewish Prowess ”, is an approach that combines emotion, moral- mous. First results were presented at public showing a Jewish man in his prime, of stocky ity, visual language and antisemitism. This is lectures and conferences in the uk, usa, Ger- build, hiding behind his corpulent wife after a crucial question today as visual media – in many and Switzerland. an encounter with a bear in the mountains. particular the internet – have become ubiqui- The project will be carried out by Dr Daniel He bends down and uses his wife as a shield tous. This project, using Germany as an exam- Wildmann (Deputy Director lbi London) and from the animal, displaying what is typically ple, is intended to clarify how these connec- pd Dr Werner Konitzer (Deputy Director fbi considered ‹female› behaviour – taking shelter tions work. The project will cover the Kaiserre- Frankfurt). behind a (male) body – and indicating an inver- ich, the Weimar Republic, the Nazi era and the sion of gender roles. Federal Republic of Germany and investigate The ugliness and shapelessness of the visual products such as postcards, films and Jewish body on these postcards is striking. Not tv productions. only do the cards show unattractive bodies, We believe that visual media play a central they also speak of correlated moral inadequa- role in the communication of moral standards cies, such as cowardice, dishonesty, lecherous- and an individual’s self image. Pictures per se ness. These postcards were eagerly collected do not trigger emotions or feelings, but inter- and posted – they met with approval, inspired act with the viewer’s mental predispositions. positive emotions and feelings. How does this work? How does a film, for But what was it that aroused those feel- instance, appeal to emotions and moral senti- ings? Was it the picture itself, or the concept ments? Cinema can function as a “ moral labo- of the cowardly Jew, or the fact that recipient ratory ” (Vinzenz Hediger), enabling us to expe- and sender knew they shared common values? rience, share, or reject, the protagonist’s emo- These questions are at the core of our project: tions or feelings. what kind of feeling is generated, how does it By positioning postcards and films in their unite observers, and how does it interact with historical, political and cultural context, we antisemitic visual signals? will point out the continuities and discontinu- In the humanities, examining emotions ities of moral values and shed a light on what and feelings means entering uncharted terri- happens in this laboratory. tory. The same is true for the study of visual The project will enable us to develop cri- sources. Looking back at the history of anti- teria for discussing the emotional impact of semitism, it is obvious that visual sources are visual representation, which will be useful in 32 Lecture Series Lecture Series 33

Lecture Series

European Leo Baeck Institute Lecture Series 2011: preoccupation. In this lecture, Nadia Valman traces the story of the Jewess, from its birth New perspectives on Jewish-non-Jewish relations in Romantic and Evangelical writing through myriad rewritings in both popular and high literature. The literary Jewess – invariably beautiful, virtuous and tragic – dramatically reveals Organized by the Leo Baeck Institute London, the Jewish Museum Frankfurt/Main and the Fritz Bauer the dynamic and ambiguous responses to Jews in England in this period. Institut, Frankfurt/Main, in cooperation with the German Historical Institute London. The lecture series was generously supported by Bank Sal. Oppenheim jr. & Cie. Switzerland. 28 July 2011 Dr Anthony Kauders (Keele University, uk; University of Munich, Germany) 3 May 2011 A Strange Kind of Love: Philosemitism in German-Jewish History Dr Adam Sutcliffe (Kings College, London, uk) Recent treatments of philosemitism (in Germany) have dismissed the phenomenon either as A brief History of Philosemitism non-existent, or as the tendency to reify the Jews, or else as a projection of Gentile fantasies. Philosemitism is often misunderstood as simply antisemitism in sheep’s clothing. This lec- The lecture attempts to redress the balance by arguing that the study of philosemitism may ture argues that it is, on the contrary, a real and important phenomenon, with deep roots in enable the historian to understand better the nature of Gentile-Jewish relations, thereby allow- both secular and Christian attitudes to Jews. The lecture suveys the history of philosemitism, ing for an alternative approach to the widespread scholarly focus on antisemitism. from its emergence in the ancient world and in the early theology of Christianity, through its medieval, early modern and nineteenth-century role in politics, literature and culture, to its major manifestations in recent decades, from evangelical Christian supporters of Israel to the tourism and klezmer scene in Eastern Europe. It also includes a discussion of the complex role of philosemitism in contemporary global politics.

24 May 2011 Prof Sander Gilman (Emory University, usa) Why the Jews are the smartest people in the universe and why this is a bad thing Claims about Jewish intellectual superiority surface regularly even in the 21st century. Modern genetics, it is claimed, prove that being smart is a singular component of “being Jewish”. Can it be a bad thing to be thought to be smart? The claim reveals itself to be a form of insidious philosemitism, a form of antisemitism, which has traditionally masked itself as being sup- portive of the Jews. Often it is your supposed friends that you have to worry about most.

7 July 2011 Dr Nadia Valman (Queen Mary, University of London, uk) The Virtuous Jewess: Gender and Semitic Discourse in 19th Century England From the medieval ballad of the Jew’s daughter who seduces a young Christian boy in order to murder him, to Shakespeare’s uncertain apostate Jessica, the Jewess held a marginal place in English literary history. In the nineteenth century, however, she became a literary 34 Lecture Series Lecture Series 35

European Leo Baeck Institute Lecture Series 2012: Jews and Justice

Organized by the Leo Baeck Institute London, the Jewish Museum Frankfurt/Main and the Fritz Bauer 23 May 2012 Institut, Frankfurt/Main, in cooperation with the German Historical Institute London. Prof Vivian Liska (University of Antwerp, Belgium) The lecture series was generously supported by Bank Sal. Oppenheim jr. & Cie. Switzerland. “Before the Law stands a doorkeeper. To this doorkeeper comes a man…”: Kafka, Narrative and the Law 2 February 2012 References to the law pervade Kafka’s writings, but their meaning remains elusive. It is pre- Prof Susan James (Birkbeck College, University of London, uk) cisely because it is uncertain whether the law in Kafka’s work is to be understood in juridical, Spinoza on Learning to Live Justly religious, literary, or more generally ontological terms that it has elicited numerous and often Drawing on the work of his contemporary, Thomas Hobbes, Spinoza argues that law and the contradictory interpretations, which shed light on the relationship between these different norms of justice around which it is organised are an entirely human creation. Communities realms. The lecture explores how this indeterminacy and its effects have inspired concepts make laws, and in doing so make justice. But how do they develop understandings of justice of justice in modernist thinkers from Scholem and Benjamin to Jacques Derrida and Giorgio that do more than reflect the interests of the powerful, and provide standards for assessing Agamben, as well as the relationship between law and narrative and its correlation with Jewish and criticizing social arrangements? This lecture explores Spinoza’s account of the philosoph- approaches to the interaction between Halacha and Aggadah. ical, theological and political processes through which communities learn to live justly. 13 June 2012 26 April 2012 Dr Douglas G. Morris, J.D. (Federal Defenders of New York, usa) Prof Gareth Stedman-Jones (Queen Mary, University of London, uk) Inside the Dual State: The Secret Life, Writings and Lawyering of Ernst Fraenkel in Nazi Germany Fathers and Sons: Heinrich and Karl’s Contrasting Conceptions of the French Revolution In 1941 the German Jewish lawyer Ernst Fraenkel published his classic account of Nazism, In his lecture Gareth Stedman Jones discusses the biography of Heinrich Marx, Karl Marx’s The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship. It is the only scholarly critique of father. He examines his relation with the French Revolution, Napoleon and the Prussian takeo- Nazism written from within Nazi Germany. Fraenkel’s activities from 1933 through 1938 raise ver of the Rhineland and then contrast his experience at the end with that of his son. He sug- questions about the possibilities of scholarly inquiry under Nazi rule and more. While many gests that father and son represent a contrast between two different views of the French Revo- Jewish lawyers lost their law licences, Fraenkel continued to represent clients in political trials lution, that of 1789 (emancipation in a liberal sense) and 1792 (Rousseau, the Republic and the until 1938. The talk explores Fraenkel’s rare brew of practical activism and theoretical analysis, disappearance of all special routes). which tested the boundaries of anti-Nazi defiance. ������� Lecture Series Lecture Series 37

FilmTalk 2010/2011

FilmTalk 2010/11 focused on the theme of “ ‘I’ll have what she’s having ’ Jews loving gentiles; gentiles lov- friends, or does the sex part always get in the way? What makes Jews and gentiles so attractive ing Jews ”. We examined love and desire between Jews and gentiles in popular cinema. How have cine- to each other? matic representations of these things changed from the 1920s to the present day? What do these films tell us about society’s attitudes towards ‹impossible› relationships and forbidden love? What is so attractive 24 March 2011 about the ethnic ‹other›? Prof Mandy Merck (Royal Holloway, University of London) Charlotte loves Harry – Ethnic stereotypes and Jewish jokes in Sex and the City 21 October 2010 Charlotte York is the über-wasp character in Sex and the City, longing for a suitable marriage Dr Cathy Gelbin (University of Manchester) to an Ivy-educated investment banker. But in the first season of the tv series she has wild Monstrous Desires: Jewish-Christian Boundary Crossings in Paul Wegener’s The Golem (Germany, sex with an orthodox Jew, and in series six she falls for Harry Goldenblatt, who is reluctant 1920) to marry out. Although Harry dumps her, Charlotte continues to go to synagogue, meets his This talk looks at the eroticized portrayal of Jewish-Christian relations in Paul Wegener’s clas- mother, and gives up Christmas. When the two get back together she cooks Harry potato kugel sic The Golem, one of the iconic films of the silent era. Set in late Renaissance Prague, Wegener’s and matzo-ball soup and then realizes that he intends to eat it in front of the baseball game: ‹I film shows the creation of a golem, an artificial human being from clay, according to medieval gave up Christ for you,› she complains. ‹You can’t give up the Mets?› In this talk Mandy Merck Jewish mysticism. As the being assumes a life of its own and stalks the ghetto, we witness the will discuss stereotypes and Jewish humour in the American sitcom. unfolding of forbidden desires between Christian and Jew, monster and human. The talk will trace how Wegener, by invoking Shelley’s Frankenstein, portrays the gentile’s image of the Jews’ essentially ‹different› body and soul. The film seems to anticipate the doomed project of the German-Jewish symbiosis.

9 December 2010 Prof Ginette Vincendeau (King’s College London) Lacombe, Lucien (1974): love, class hatred and the banality of evil in occupied France At the heart of Louis Malle’s groundbreaking and controversial film is the liaison between Lucien, a young, uneducated peasant in Figeac, South-West France, and France Horn, the sophisticated daughter of a wealthy Jewish tailor in hiding. Lucien and France’s budding rela- tionship is played out against the background of the local Gestapo headquarters and the larger historical context in which normal power relations are inverted and moral boundaries blurred.

10 February 2011 Dr Nathan Abrams (University of Wales, Bangor) (Jewish) men and (gentile) women can’t be friends because the sex part always gets in the way. In this illustrated lecture, Nathan Abrams will explore possibly the greatest rom-com ever made, When Harry Met Sally. He will ask such important questions as: can men and women be 38 Lecture Series Lecture Series 39

FilmTalk 2011/2012

FilmTalk 2011/2012 focused on ‘forbidden relationships’ across the Middle East divide, especially between France has the largest population in Europe of both Jews and Arabs and actor Roschdy Zem’s Jews and Arabs. Spanning the period from the 1940s to the present day, the films explored the changing first film as director tackles the topic of Jewish-Arab relationships against the background of representations of Arab masculinities and Jewish women, including where these representations stand in Jewish-Arab hostilities in the Middle East and their repercussions in contemporary France. present day Britain. In these films love, desire and politics blur the borderline between personal loyalty Mauvaise foi is a comedy that revolves around the consequences of the secular Jewish heroine’s and the perceived demands of patriotism and national identity. discovery that she is pregnant, and the increasingly problematic decision she and her equally secular Arab-Muslim boyfriend take to keep the baby and tell their not-so-secular families. 8 December 2011 Prof Sue Harper (University of Portsmouth) 31 May 2012 The Lion’s Mane: Sexual and Racial Politics in Samson and Delilah (1949) Dr Nir Cohen (soas, London) Samson and Delilah presents us with fascinating contradictions. It is a film made at the height Love and Surveillance: Politicised Romance in Peter Kosminsky’s The Promise (uk, 2011) of the Hollywood studio system, which celebrates the heroic underdog and racial minorities: it While attempts at forming romantic relationships are abundant in Peter Kosminsky’s epic tv both reviles and celebrates the female body: and it combines a lush visual texture with a stern serial The Promise (2011), expressions of true love and affection seem to be missing. Instead, moralism. romance is yet another tool in a system whose role is to monitor, control, and conquer; lovers Besides trying to reconcile these contradictions, Sue Harper analyses the symbolism of hair are often enemies; and relationships are motivated by political ambitions and emotions. This (not just Samson’s) and examines the function of Edith Head’s costume designs, particularly talk explores Kosminsky’s vision of Israel/Palestine both in the 1940s and today – one in which the peacock cloak. She assesses the input of the Zionist thinker Vladimir Jabotinsky to the the concept of love is often marred by violence and undermined by a national cause. film’s script, and will compare the film’s treatment of Jewish/Arab relation with others in the same period.

1 May 2012 Prof Yosefa Loshitzky (University of East London) Forbidden Love in the Holy Land: Daniel Wachsmann’s Hamsin (1982) In her film talk Yosefa Loshitzky discusses the fears of “forbidden love” between Israeli Jews and Palestinians as they are expressed and transgressed in the iconic film Hamsin. Perhaps more than any other Israeli film, Hamsin touches upon the core of the Palestinian-Israeli con- flict. Not only does it deal with a politically taboo topic (the ongoing confiscation of Arab land by Israel inside the green line, Israel’s border prior to the 1967 war) but it also deals with the ultimate taboo of love betwee Jews and Arabs. Hamsin demonstrates that there are some bor- ders that cannot be crossed even by ostensibly liberal Israelis.

10 May 2012 Prof Carrie Tarr (Kingston University, London) Secularism, difference and the family in Roschdy Zem’s Mauvaise foi / Bad Faith (2006) 40 Lecture Series Lecture Series 41

Jews, Politics and Austria

‘The complexity of my condition: an Austrian, a Jew’. This diary entry by Arthur Schnitzler in 1913 serves 23 May 2012 as epigraph of our lecture series Jews, Politics and Austria organised jointly with the Austrian Cultural Prof Vivian Liska (University of Antwerp, Belgium) Forum London. The series introduces Jewish intellectuals, artists and scientists who, in the early years of “Before the Law stands a doorkeeper. To this doorkeeper comes a man…”: Kafka, Narrative and the twentieth century, lived and worked in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and in the Republic of Austria. the Law References to the law pervade Kafka’s writings, but their meaning remains elusive. It is pre- 15 February 2012 cisely because it is uncertain whether the law in Kafka’s work is to be understood in juridical, Prof Konstanze Fliedl (University of Vienna) religious, literary, or more generally ontological terms that it has elicited numerous and often Zeitgeist and Testimony: Arthur Schnitzler contradictory interpretations, which shed light on the relationship between these different The first lecture in this series focuses on the work of the Austrian writer Arthur Schnitzler realms. The lecture explores how this indeterminacy and its effects have inspired concepts (1862 – 1931) and his acute analysis of the discontinuity of his time. Schnitzler has typically of justice in modernist thinkers from Scholem and Benjamin to Jacques Derrida and Giorgio been regarded as either a voice of the Fin de siècle or a chronicler of the post wwi period. In Agamben, as well as the relationship between law and narrative and its correlation with Jewish this lecture however, Konstanze Fliedl examines how Schnitzler’s texts, in contrast to typical approaches to the interaction between Halacha and Aggadah. assessments of his work, manifest his profound understanding of the mechanism employed by authoritarian structures. She argues that Schnitzler’s texts can also be understood as dis- 4 July 2012 turbing prophesies of the approaching catastrophes of the 20th century. Prof Sander Gilman (Emory University) “Mark the Music”: Jews, Music and Viennese Modernity 29 March 2012 The role music plays in the cultural life of 19th and 20th century Vienna cannot be overempha- Prof Raphael Gross (Leo Baeck Institute London) sized. The present lecture will look at this world from the perspectives of Jews from Herzl to Hans Kelsen – 20th century lawyer: Comeback not desired Freud to Mahler and ask why Jews were both welcomed into the musical world and yet were The lecture focuses on the life and work of Hans Kelsen (1881 – 1973), one of the preeminent never quite at home in it. “Mark the Music” is a means of understanding modern Jewish cul- jurists of the 20th century. The fact that he was a Jew did not influence his legal writings and tural sensibilities in a hostile cultural environment. theories. Despite this his work often came under attack from anti-liberal, anti-democratic and anti-Semitic circles. Kelsen’s main practical legacy is as the inventor of the modern European model of the constitutional review – first used in the Austrian First Republic. Other notable appointments included a professorship in Cologne in 1930 followed by a professorship at the German University in Prague from 1936 – 38. In 1940 he emigrated to the United States where he later became Professor at the University of California, Berkley. 42 Lecture Series Conferences 43

The 1st Annual Leo Baeck Institute Lecture Conferences

Patterns of Exclusion in the 20th and 21st Century: Racism, Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe

International conference organised by the Department of Social Sciences (University of Fribourg) and the Leo Baeck Institute London, 16 – 18 May, 2011, University of Fribourg.

Prof Natalie Zemon Davis 16 May 2011

5 March 2012 Greetings Prof Natalie Zemon Davis (University of Toronto) Guido Vergauwen (University of Fribourg) Regaining Jerusalem: The Learned ex-Converso Nassy and Jewish Colonisation Damir Skenderovic (University of Fribourg) Through the person of David Nassy, “Jerusalem Regained” explores the adventures of a former Christina Späti (University of Fribourg) Portuguese converso in the seventeenth century, from his arrival in Amsterdam and his par- Daniel Wildmann (lbi London) ticipation in the Dutch world of geographical learning, his stay in Dutch Brazil, to his support Keynote for the return of the Jews to England, and his leadership in projects for Dutch colonization, Micha Brumlik (University of Frankfurt) especially in Suriname. What were the sources for his urge for Jewish colonization? What The Unique Nature of Antisemitism and the Moral Weight Inherent in its Singularity hopes were fulfilled? What contradictions were faced by Jews in establishing an ideal village based on the labour of slaves? 17 May 2011 Natalie Zemon Davis is a Canadian and American historian of the early modern period. She is a professor of history at the University of Toronto in Canada. Panel i: Concepts of Racism, Antisemitism and Islamophobia This lecture was opened with a performance of music of the London Sephardi Community in Chair: Daniel Wildmann (lbi London) the Age of Renewal. The vocal quartet was conducted by Eliot Alderman, Director of Music of Discussant: Shulamit Volkov (Tel Aviv University) the Spanish and Portuguese Jews' Congregation. David Theo Goldberg (University of California, Irvine) Sander L. Gilman (Emory University, Atlanta) Nasar Meer (University of Northumbria, Newcastle)

Panel ii: Orientalism, Colonialism and Antisemitism before World War ii Chair: Oliver Krüger (University of Fribourg) Discussant: Reinhard Schulze (University of Bern) Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch (University of Paris 7) Nicolas Berg (Simon Dubnow Institute, Leipzig) Mary Roberts (University of Sydney)

Panel iii: Antisemitism, Neo-Racism and Islamophobia in Post-War Europe Chair: Christina Späti (University of Fribourg) Discussant: Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden, Hamburg) John Solomos (City University London) Omar Kamil (Simon Dubnow Institute, Leipzig) Brian Klug (University of Oxford) Maleiha Malik (King’s College, University of London) 44 Conferences Conferences 45

18 May 2011 Report by Thomas Metzger M.A. The two and a half day conference which was held in English language consisted of five Panel iv: Space and Exclusion: Doing Borders The acceptance of the minaret ban by the lecture panels led by distinguished experts Chair: Anne-Françoise Praz (University of Fribourg) Swiss population in November 2009 garnered from seven different countries, Micha Brum- Discussant: Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka (University of Bielefeld) considerable attention internationally as an lik’s keynote speech and a roundtable. Michael Keith (University of Oxford) expression of intolerance and exclusion. The concluding synthesis was provided by Hanno Loewy (Jewish Museum Hohenems) The vote can be seen as a kind of ‘seismo- Peter Pulzer. Farid Hafez (University of Vienna) graph’ for the far reaching negative stereotyp- After a welcome by Guido Vergauwen, Panel v: Popular Culture and Exclusion: Literature, Film and Music ing of Islam and Muslims not only in Switzer- Rector of the University of Fribourg and a Chair: Damir Skenderovic (University of Fribourg) land, but in the whole of Western Europe. In brief introduction by Christina Späti, Damir Discussant: Liliane Weissberg (University of Pennsylvania) recent years, right wing populist political par- Skenderovic and Daniel Wildmann, Micha Anoop Nayak (Newcastle University) ties in particular have integrated an Islamo- Brumlik(Frankfurt/Main) explored the option Eva Lezzi (New York University, Berlin) phobic mindset into their policy programme. of a potential uniqueness of anti-Semitism Carrie Tarr (Kingston University, London) This Islamophobia manifests a multitude of versus the possibility of a similarity of anti- processes of exclusion and demarcation and Semitism with Islamophobia in structural Panel vi: Politicisation of the Other: Current Debates the construction of what is supposedly ‘proper’ terms. As preamble into his well rounded Chair: Daniel Binswanger (Paris/Zurich) and ‘good’ and what is ‘alien’ and ‘bad’. speech Micha Brumlik gave an overview of the Rifa’at Lenzin (Zurich) The minaret ban not least galvanized Damir history of anti-Semitism from establishing Antony Lerman (London) Skenderovic and Christina Späti of the Depart- nine forms such as hostility towards Jews in the Marcel Niggli (University of Fribourg) ment of History at the University of Fribourg Antiquity, Christian anti-Judaism in the Middle Alexandra Senfft (Hamburg) and Daniel Wildmann of the Leo Baeck Insti- Ages or the development of modern racist anti- tute London into organizing an international Semitism and its eliminatory culmination in Closing Remarks interdisciplinary conference dealing with pat- National Socialism. The speaker also examined Peter Pulzer (University of Oxford) terns of exclusions. The subjects of investiga- the post-war period and raised subject areas tion of this convention were racism, anti-Sem- such as Negationism, Israel Critique and the itism and Islamophobia with a focus on the strong presence of anti-Semitism in the Arab parallels and differences discernable in the pat- world and in particular in Islamic circles. In the terns, structures and functions of these three second part Micha Brumlik addressed a newly phenomena. The temporal focus was on the increasing Islamopohbia and the question to 20th and 21st centuries. Repeatedly, however, what extent it may be comparable to anti-Sem- recourse was made to developments of ear- itism in terms of patterns. Micha Brumlik also lier centuries, with an aim to uncover histori- stated his preference for the term ’Islamopho- cal traditions and transformations as much as bia’ over that of ‘anti-Muslimism’ as it denoted shifts in public discourse. not only a hostility towards Muslims but also 46 Conferences Conferences 47

Islam itself. With regard to the comparability castle) documented the British public’s diffi- strated by Mary Roberts (Sydney) through fact that the jurisdiction of courts often quali- of Islamophobia and anti-Semitism and with culties with the notion of Islamic minorities as the chequered history of the production and fied the veil as a symbol of female suppression this he championed Wolfgang Benz – he saw, victims of racism and its aversion to the term reception of an album of portraits of Ottoman was seen, by Maleiha Malik, as a misjudgement however, sufficient evidence on a structural ‘Islamophobia’ as it tended to see Muslims as Rulers by the British John Young in 1815 com- of Muslim women as acting subjects as much level to confirm an initial suspicion of struc- perpetrators and not victims. In her comment missioned by the Ottoman Sultan Selim iii. In as an element of a traditional Orientalism tural similarities with the strong presence of Shulamit Volkov (Tel Aviv) diverted the focus his inspiring comment Richard Schulze (Bern) which assumed the need for a ‘rescue’ of the anti-Semitism within the national liberal intel- to ‘fantasies of homogeneity’ and ‘demands of allocated the three show-cased examples to Muslim woman. Brian Klug (Oxford) addressed ligentsia of the late German Empire and also assimilation’ by nation states. Their meaning the transformations of the modern era with the recently intensely discussed question of with regard to semantic overlaps such as for in the context of anti-Semitism and Islamo- its universalizing as much as segregating dis- an existence of a ‘new anti-Semitism’. View- example illustrated in the remarks of Heinrich phobia was extensively discussed. course. In this context he also touched on the ing the concept critically the speaker stressed von Treitschke and Thilo Sarrazin. The second panel was devoted to Oriental- significance of the religious sphere, an area and illustrated with a practical example how ism, Colonialism and anti-Semitism before which nonetheless remained only on the mar- blurred the lines between anti-Semitism and The first panel under the guidance of Daniel World War ii and was presented by Oliver gins of this conference. non anti-Semitic Israel critique often are in Wildmann (London) provided a crucial contri- Krüger (Fribourg/ch). Three examples of Led by Christina Späti (Fribourg/ch), the reality. In her comment, Stefanie Schüler- bution to the conference by turning its atten- demarcation processes were mentioned which last panel of the second day directed its atten- Springorum (Hamburg) challenged the three tion to conceptual questions of racism, anti- demonstrated the construction of images of tion to anti-Semitism, racism and Islamopho- preceding speakers by raising the question Semitism and Islamophobia. Two lectures con- ‘the other’ and ‘the self’. Catherine Coquery- bia after World War ii. John Solomos (London) of the importance of socioeconomic aspects centrated on the continued existence of racist Vidrovitch (Paris), focusing on France, spoke analyzed contemporary manifestations of responsible for social and political develop- and anti-Semitic concepts from the 19th into about the formation of a theory on race based racism and pointed to the increasingly signif- ments in the uk. The challenge to Brian Klug’s the 20th and 21st centuries. David Theo Gold- on a hierarchization of nations closely linked icant Islamophobic discourse in British poli- illustrative model with regard to ‘new anti- berg (Irvine) analyzed the influence and the with the legitimization of colonialism. A very tics. He stressed the importance of a contextu- Semitism’ launched an animated discussion in effect of 19th century ideas of ‘race’ on the 20th succinct example of a demarcation process alization of the discussion in situ. The model the room. century. He stated that the weight had shifted was illustrated by Nicolas Berg (Leipzig) in his of multiculturalism, although often practiced The construction, shifting and crossing of from ‘racial naturalism’ to ‘racial historicism’ contribution on the subject of academic anti- reality, is frequently challenged under the borders and spaces were the topic of the fourth which had remained present even in post- Semitism in Germany. In 1936 Hans Frank and influence of right-wing populist, nationalist panel led by Anne-Françoise Praz (Fribourg/ colonial thinking. Sander L. Gilman (Atlanta) Carl Schmitt organised a conference attended groups and even parties of the political centre ch). In his introduction Michael Keith (Oxford) on the other hand explained how 19th century by 100 economists, practitioners of law and and left while calls for ‘national unity’ are pleaded for a methodological focal shift from conceptions of a supposedly biological ‘dif- psychologists with the intention of cleansing expressed. Maleiha Malik (London) discussed national to local. He investigated the complex ferentness’ of Jews have made a reappearance universities of a ‘Jewish spirit’ and defining the difficulties faced by countries with liberal dynamics of migration and integration pro- in genetics in the past decades – cue ‘Jewish in its place an intrinsically ‘German approach constitutions in their dealings with minori- cesses and demonstrated through the example Genetics’ – and tracked the diverse reactions to science’. The complex entanglements and ties and referred in this context to the inher- of a Bangladeshi community in London how to such developments among Jews in the usa, the changeability of definitions of ‘the self’ ent mechanisms of exclusion existing even in the recourse to the traditions of the homeland Germany and Israel. Based on an evaluation of and ‘the other’ in an extraordinary process liberalism. The presentation focused on legis- had assisted the self-organisation of the immi- interviews with journalists Nasar Meer (New- of transculturation were effectively demon- lation surrounding the Muslim headscarf. The grant community through its contributions 48 Conferences Conferences 49

Participants at the conference Patterns of Exclusion in Prof Michael Keith (University of Oxford), Dr Hanno the 20th and 21st Century: Racism, Antisemitism and Loewy (Jewish Museum Hohenems), Prof Anne- Islamophobia in Europe Françoise Praz (University of Fribourg), Dr Farid Hafez (University of Vienna), Prof Joanna Pfaff- Czarnecka (University of Bielefeld)

Dr Rifa'at Lenzin (Zurich), Antony Lerman (London), Daniel Binswanger (Paris/Zurich), Prof Marcel Niggli (University of Fribourg), Alexandra Senfft (Hamburg) 50 Conferences Conferences 51

to the local neighbourhood and its integration groups of youths which are strongly defined topics such as the minaret-ban, the ‘Ausschaf- convincing in its comparative approach. The in community politics. Hanno Loewy (Hohen- by music and their diverse approaches to the fungsinitiative’ (deportation initiative) and greatest achievement of the conference how- ems) spoke on the subject of the Alps as a space idea of ‘race’. His analysis revealed the sig- ‘direct democracy’. Also discussed was to what ever lay in its provision of a productive plat- for human fantasies and projections and the nificance of socioeconomic circumstances in extent the ‘Arab Spring’ might alter Western form for experts and the great many interested mountain range’s ideological appropriation. the construction of difference. The subject of perceptions of Arab countries. members of the audience to exchange ideas Numerous Jews had been at the forefront of Eva Lezzi’s (Berlin) lecture were romantic rela- At the conclusion of the conference Peter on concepts for the comparison of anti-Sem- the newly arisen enthusiasm for the Alps in the tions between Germans and Jews in contem- Pulzer (Oxford) faced the difficult task of itism, racism and Islamophobia as ideologies 19th century in the shape of alpinists, artists porary German literature. She pointed to a attempting a synthesis which he achieved in of exclusion. The numerous case studies high- and ethnologists. However, the identity defin- repetitive pattern of initially functioning rela- a most remarkable manner. His priority was lighted the process-like nature of the construc- ing appropriation of the Alpine space under tionships which ultimately are doomed to fail to express his thoughts on exclusion and dis- tion of lines of demarcation which is subject to the influence of National Socialism, racism due to the heavy burden of the German-Jewish crimination as firm components of the his- transformations and variations. and anti-Semitism led among other things to past. Mixed faith relationships were also at the tory of man and to address the significance of It became clear that a comparison of the the exclusion of Jews from Alpenclubs and to centre of Carrie Tarr’s (London) presentation ethnicizing, culturalistic and racist patterns three phenomena was especially appropriate Jews being banned from wearing traditional that investigated how far Muslim faith and in the process of exclusion. Peter Pulzer also and productive when it focused, independent Alpine costume in 1938. Farid Hafez (Vienna) Muslim religious practice had been addressed discussed the parallels in patterns of exclu- of its various contexts, on patterns, structures, finally looked at the populist right-wing and in French film against a backdrop of growing sion in European society of Jews and Mus- mechanisms and functions. extreme rightist political parties of Western Islamophobia in France. Liliane Weissberg’s lims who, already in the Middle Ages under Europe. He highlighted the recently increas- (Pennsylvania) comment examined in greater the rules of the Forth Council of the Lateran ingly perceivable tendency of these move- detail the representation of Jews in most recent in1215, were both required to wear markings ments with explicitly nationalistic identities to German literature and stated that in compari- on their clothing. However, on the other hand, create transnational networks based on mutual son with the past this representation had expe- the speaker also pointed out the dangers of Islamophobia. As the latest phenomenon of rienced little change. The stereotypical view religious extremism. He raised the question of this development Farid Hafez saw an ostensi- of the Jew as alien endured and a shift towards how a by definition liberal and tolerant state ble dissociation from anti-Semitism in con- the Jew in the role of ‘the perpetrator’ was was to conduct itself in its dealings with illib- junction with a pro-Israel stance. In her com- noticeable. eral groups. In order to counteract self-seg- ment Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka (Bielefeld) refo- The panels were followed by a roundtable regation of groups within society he seized cused once more on the non-linear processes on current political debate on the subject of on Michael Keith’s concept for integration of of the construction of lines of demarcation. exclusion. Daniel Binswanger (Paris/Zürich) potentially segregated groups on a communal Popular culture and exclusion was the topic led Rifa’at Lenzin (Zürich), Antony Lerman level through the adoption of traditional struc- of the final panel under the guidance of Damir (London), Marcel Niggli (Fribourg/ch) and tures in the process of engagement in the local Skenderovic (Fribourg/ch). The three speakers Alexandra Senfft (Hamburg) in this debate community. The international and interdis- produced examples from the fields of music, on central issues such as multi-culturalism ciplinary conference proved to be topical and literature and film. Anoop Nayak (Newcastle) and Islamophobia. The discussion gained a with its finger on the pulse both in terms of portrayed in his ethnographic discourse three distinctively Swiss angle with the raising of scientific research as well as social debate and 52 Conferences Conferences 53

Prof Shulamit Volkov (Tel Aviv University), Dr David Dr Brian Klug (University of Oxford), Theo Goldberg (University of California, Irvine), Prof Prof Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Institut für die Sander L. Gilman (Emory University, Atlanta), Dr Geschichte des deutschen Judentums, Hamburg), Daniel Wildmann (lbi London) Dr Christina Späti (University of Fribourg), Prof John Solomos (City University London)

Prof Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Institut für die Prof Damir Skenderovic (University of Fribourg), Geschichte des deutschen Judentums, Hamburg) with Prof Carrie Tarr (Kingston University, London), Dr Daniel Wildmann (lbi London) Prof Liliane Weissberg (University of Pennsylvania)

Prof Peter Pulzer at his closing remarks Prof Micha Brumlik (University of Frankfurt) 54 Conferences Conferences 55

Emotions and the History of Modern Anti-Semitism

International conference at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development (mpib), Center 17 April 2012 for the History of Emotions, Berlin organised by Uffa Jensen (mpib), Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Center Panel ii: Emotions and Anti-Semitic Violence for Research on Antisemitism, Berlin), Raphael Gross and Daniel Wildmann (Leo Baeck Institute London), Chair: Pascal Eitler (mpib) 16 – 18 April 2012. Comment: Christhard Hoffmann (University of Bergen) Russell Spinney (University of Maryland, Santa Fe) Programme Expanding the Emotional Economy of Anti-Semitism in the Weimar Republic Stefan Wiese (Humboldt-Universität, Berlin) 16 April 2012 Hatred, Fear and Joy – The Emotional Dimension of Pogrom Violence in Late Imperial Russia

Greetings Panel iii: Anti-Semitism – Rational or Irrational? Ute Frevert (mpib) Chair: Benno Gammerl (mpib) Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Technische Universität, Berlin) Comment: Robert S. Wistrich (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Raphael Gross (lbi London) Werner Bergmann (Technische Universität, Berlin) Daniel Wildmann (lbi London) The Negation of Emotions in Modern Anti-Semitism Introduction Anthony Kauders (Keele University, Keele) Uffa Jensen (mpib) Good Feelings, Bad Rationality: The Problem with Jewish Reason Panel iv: Emotions, Anti-Semitism and Media The History of Emotions: A New Perspective on Modern Anti-Semitism? Chair: Raphael Gross (lbi London) Panel i: Writing Emotions into the History of Anti-Semitism Comment: Darcy Buerkle (Smith College, Northampton/Humboldt-Universität, Berlin) Chair: Ute Frevert (mpib) Nathan D. Abrams (Bangor University, Gwynedd) Comment: Detlev Claussen (Leibniz Universität, Hannover) Reverse Stereotypes: Anti-Anti-Semitic Counter-Communication in Contemporary Cinema Jonathan Judaken (Rhodes College, Memphis) Daniel Wildmann (lbi London) Anxiety and Modernity: Talcott Persons, Sartre, and the Frankfurt School on Modern German tv Crime Series and German Emotions – Jews in “Tatort” Anti-Semitism Remco Ensel (Radboud Universiteit, Nijmengen) Julijana Ranc (Hamburg Institute for Social Research) Singing about Muhamad Al-Durra and the Articulation of an Emotional Conflict Anti-Jewish Ressentiment and Awareness of Injustice Panel v: Anti-Semitism and Emotions across Europe Chair: Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Technische Universität, Berlin) Comment: Andrea Hopp (Otto-von-Bismarck-Stiftung, Schönhausen) Ulrich Wyrwa (Universität Potsdam) + Tim Buchen, Maciej Moszyn´ski, Klaus Rich- ter, Miloslov Szabó Anti-Semitic Emotions in European Empires, Similarities and Differences of Anti-Semitic Feelings in Various Czarist- and Habsburg Regions 56 Conferences Forthcoming Events and Conferences 57

Forthcoming Events and Conferences

International Stefan Zweig Conference in London, 6–8 June 2012: Stefan Zweig and Britain

18 April 2012 International conference jointly organised by Austrian Cultural Forum, London; Centre for Anglo-German Cultural Relations Queen Mary, University of London; Ingeborg Bachmann Centre for Austrian Literature, Panel vi: Emotions, Anti-Semitism and National Socialism School of Advanced Study, University of London; Internationales Stefan Zweig Zentrum, Salzburg; Leo Chair: Jan Plamper (mpib) Baeck Institute London, Queen Mary, University of London; The British Library, London. Comment: Michael Wildt (Humboldt Universität, Berlin) Alexandra Przyrembel (Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen) Programme Mixed Feelings. “Race Defilement” and Anti-Semitic Violence, 1933 – 1938 Werner Konitzer (Frankfurt a.M.) 6 June 2012 Anger, Hatred, Revulsion – Thoughts about the Emotional Structure of Nazi Anti-Semitism Greetings Panel vii: Emotions and Postwar Anti-Semitism Rüdiger Görner (Queen Mary, University of London) Chair: Anja Laukötter (mpib) Klemens Renolder (Stefan Zweig Centre, University of Salzburg) Comment: Susan Neiman (Einstein Forum, Potsdam) Chair: Rüdiger Görner (Queen Mary, University of London) Anna Parkinson (Northwestern University, Chicago) “Death of the Adversary”. Emotions and the Affective Structure of Anti-Semitism in Postwar Lecture i Psychoanalysis and Literature Richard Dove (emer. University of Greenwich, London) Katharina Obens (Freie Universität Berlin) “Die englischen Jahre”. Stefan Zweig in Britain Emotional Ambivalence and Conflicting Images of the Jews – Young Germans‘ Impressions Lecture ii and Perceptions after Meeting a Survivor of the Holocaust Mark Gelber (Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva) Final Discussion Stefan Zweig – British Literature and European Sensibilities Chair: Uffa Jensen (mpib) 7 June 2012 Chair: Rüdiger Görner (Queen Mary, University of London)

Lecture iii Margit Dirscherl (Queen Mary, University of London) “Eine seltsame Umkehr”. Stefan Zweigs Feuilleton Der Genius Englands

Lecture iv Klemens Renolder (Stefan Zweig Centre, University of Salzburg) “Der Held wird nicht untergehen”: Stefan Zweigs Kampf für Charles Dickens

Lecture v Ulrike Tanzer (University of Salzburg) “In meinem Ende ist mein Anbeginn”: Zu Stefan Zweigs Maria Stuart Chair: Klemens Renoldner (Stefan Zweig Centre, University of Salzburg) 58 Forthcoming Events and Conferences

Lecture vi Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme Arturo Larcati (University of Verona) Stefan Zweigs Bearbeitung von Jonsons Gesellschaftssatire Epicoene or the Silent Woman

Lecture vii Monika Meister (University of Vienna) Transformationen des Theaters. Stefan Zweig und Ben Jonson

Lecture viii Daniela Strigl (University of Vienna) “I want a hero“: Stefan Zweig und Lord Byron

Lecture ix The fellowship programme, organised by the Leo Baeck Institute London and the Studienstiftung des Stephan Resch (University of Auckland) deutschen Volkes, is awarded to doctoral students of history and culture of German-speaking Jewry. Schol- “Must the man of action always be pursued by guilt?” On Stefan Zweig’s Political Self-Con- arships are awarded for one year (starting in October), and are particularly aimed at students who wish ception in British Exile to carry out research abroad. 8 June 2012 Regular workshops allow scholarship holders to present their research and discuss their findings and methodology with other fellows. In 2011, two workshops were held (10 – 14 July in Freudental and 20 – 22 Chair: Oliver Matuschek (German Historical Museum, Berlin) November in Brighton). Lecture x We are grateful for financial support from the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. We Ulrike Vedder (Humboldt Universität, Berlin) also thank the Stiftung “ Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft ”, the Alfred Freiherr von Oppenheim The Magic of Manuscripts: Stefan Zweig as Collector of Authographs Stiftung, the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung and the Robert Bosch Stiftung, who have supported this programme until 2009. Lecture xi Julia Rosenthal (London/Oxford) International Academic Advisory Board Comments on, and Reading of, Albi Rosenthal: Aspects of Autograph Collecting, Past and Prof Marion Aptroot Present Dr Cathy Gelbin Lecture xii Prof Dr Andreas Gotzmann Arthur Searle (former Curator of Music Manuscripts at the British Library, London) Prof Raphael Gross The British Library Stefan Zweig Collection Prof Christhard Hoffmann Chair: Rüdiger Görner (Queen Mary, University of London) Prof András Kovacs Prof Stefanie Schüler-Springorum Lecture xiii Prof Yfaat Weiss Anthea Bell (Translator, Oxford) Prof Liliane Weissberg On Translating Zweig Dr Daniel Wildmann Chair: Rüdiger Görner (Queen Mary, University of London), Klemens Renoldner (Salzburg)

Panel Nazli Nikjamal (Queen Mary, University of London) Zweig in Persia Arnilt Hoefle (Institute of Germanic and Romance Studies, University of London) Zweig in China Iris Himmlmayr (University of Vienna) Zweig in Europe 60 Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme 61

Leo Baeck Fellowship Workshop in Freudental, July 2011 Report by Oren Roman

Programme 11 July 2011 Helen Przibilla Jiskorbücher/-literatur als Medien des Erinnerns an Heldentod, Selbstopfer und Märtyrertod im Zionismus, 1897 – 1948 Daniel Mahla Nationalizing Religion. Religious Zionism in Germany, Poland, and the Yishuv 1902 – 48 Viola Rautenberg The second Leo Baeck Fellows workshop was followed by a discussion led by Dr Daniel Wild- Geschlechtergeschichtliche Perspektiven auf die deutsch-jüdische Einwanderung nach held in Freudental, a village near Stuttgart, mann, bringing the participants of various Palästina in den 1930er Jahren on 10 – 14 July 2011. The core of the workshop backgrounds to talk about one the most pain- Noa Shashar was naturally the papers given each fellow, ful areas in our existence. Agunot – Deserted Women and disappearing Men in Germany and Galicia 1648 – 1850 presenting the progress they had made on Rachel Furst their research project (or the challenges they Constructing Credibility: Making Gender in Medieval Ashkenaz encountered) since the first workshop in Oren Roman Brighton. I found the discussions following Old-Yiddish Epics on the Book of Joshua and the Book of Judges the papers interesting and constructive. We were also pleased to hear Prof Atina Gross- 12 July 2011 mann’s lecture “She’rith Hapleta: Survivors Adi Armon as Invented Community”, in which she shared From Weimar to America. The political thought of Leo Strauss with us the fruits of her latest project. Reinier van Straten The setting of the workshop within the God as Dionysus. Martin Buber’s Reception of Friedrich Nietzsche restored local synagogue (“Ancient Synagogue Maximilian Strnad of Freudental Center of Culture and Educa- Die Spätphase der Judenverfolgung im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland 1943 – 45. Verfol- tion”) was most inspiring and provided an gungspraxis und Verfolgungserfahrung im regionalen Vergleich informal learning experience of the history of a destroyed rural German Jewish commu- nity, and of its memory today. Also the excur- sions we took gave us a taste of Germany today, which is dealing with the heavy burden of Nazism on the one hand (Zentrale Stelle der Leo Baeck Fellows with Prof Raphael Gross, Landesjustizverwaltungen zur Aufklärung Dr Daniel Wildmann and Dr Matthias Frenz from the nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen Ludwigs- Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes burg), and is cultivating its achievments in cul- ture and the arts on the other (Deutsches Liter- aturarchiv Marbach and Literaturmuseum der Moderne Marbach). To make our experience whole the work- shop had an artistic side to it as well: a musical opening in which melodies of the Jews of Ger- many were sung; and the screening of Quentin Tarantino’s Inglorious Basterds. The movie was 62 Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme 63

Leo Baeck Fellowship Workshop in Brighton, November 2011 Report by Joshua Teplitsky

Programme The opening meeting of this year’s Leo Baeck Despite the diversity of themes, the fellows 20 November 2011 Fellows in Brighton began our year on just found surprising common ground in shared the right foot. Overseen and guided by Rafael questions. Issues of defining identity—under- Joshua Teplitsky Gross (lbi London), Vivian Liska (University standing how people ‘fashion’ their image Between Court Jew and Jewish Court. David Oppenheim, the Prague rabbinate, and eight- of Antwerp), Daniel Wildmann (lbi London), in their own eyes and in the eyes of others— eenth-century Jewish politics and Matthias Frenz (Studienstiftung des invited particularly electrifying conversation Ilona Steimann deutschen Volkes), the fellows convened in both within the sessions and beyond. Habent sua fata libelli. Hebrew manuscripts from the collection of Hartmann Schedel England from institutions in Germany, Israel, Conversation did not halt with the end of 21 November 2011 the United Kingdom, and the United States. the formal session. Complementing rigor- Avraham Siluk Coming from disparate locations, the fel- ous sessions with informal talks over dinner Perception of politics, political strategies and political forms of organization of lows were united in their interest in the German and drinks, the faculty carefully balanced the Jews in Germany in the beginning of early modern history (1509 – 1555) lands. This geographic marker did not, how- between academic instruction and the craft- Vera Kallenberg ever, bring limits to our shared interest, but ing of a collegial network that has continued At the border. Jews in the Frankfurt penal justice (1780 – 1864) rather demonstrated the range of topics and to maintain contact in the intervening months Golan Gur inquiries possible within the widest contours since our meeting. Several students have taken History as progress. Arnold Schönberg and the ideology of historical inevitability of both time and space. Our research projects advantage of this network to share informa- Eric McKinley ranged from the fifteenth to the twentieth tion, while others have created a small interim Mischehe in Deutschland 1870 – 1933 centuries, examining the early modern Holy workshop to discuss their work. All look for- Agnieszka Oleszak Roman Empire to ties between the modern ward to the summer meeting. Jewish orthodoxy between east and west. Sarah Schenirer and the history of state of Israel and contemporary Germany, to Bais Yaakov (1917 – 1939) German-Jewish diasporas on the West Coast of Katalin Rac the United States. The themes encompassed Armin Vambery, Ignaz Goldziher, and Aurel Stein. Jews and orientalist scholarship politics, law, gender, family life, music, eth- in modern Hungary nography, and more. 22 November 2011 Each session was designed to consist of a presentation by a fellow of his or her work, fol- Anne Schenderlein lowed by a response by a different fellow. This Ties of belonging. A transnational history of German Jewish identities was an invaluable exercise, inviting the fel- lows to carefully craft remarks that would both inspire discussion and help to direct our col- leagues towards sharper questions and more rigorous analyses. It further helped to train each respondent in the art of formulating questions. 64 Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme John A. S. Grenville Studentship in Modern Jewish History and Culture 65

John A. S. Grenville Studentship in Modern Jewish History and Culture

The Leo Baeck Institute London is pleased to offer a 3-year John A. S. Grenville studentship for an outstand- ing doctoral candidate wishing to pursue a research project in the field of German Jewish history and cul- ture with a focus on the late 19th and 20th centuries.

Report by Dana Smith I began PhD studies with the Leo Baeck Institute and Queen Mary, University of London School Leo Baeck Fellows with Prof Raphael Gross and of History in January 2012, after receiving the generous John A. S. Grenville Studentship. Prior Dr Daniel Wildmann to arriving in London, I successfully defended an ma thesis at the University of Vermont, con- centrating in History and Holocaust Studies. My research, which is being completed under the supervision of Dr Daniel Wildmann, focuses on the Jewish Cultural League (Kulturbund) in Nazi Germany, and the relationship between art, politics, and the construction of a new Jewish identity under racial persecution. The Cultural League existed in numerous cities throughout Germany from 1933 – 1938, and remained open in Berlin until 1941. Given my research interest in German- Jewish history and culture, I can hardly imagine a more ideal situation in which to pursue my doctoral degree than with the support of the Leo Baeck Institute. I am particularly excited about the abundance of academic opportunities in London- including the close proximity to important archives and libraries, the numerous lecture and film series, and a warm scholarly community with which to share and discuss ideas.

Joshua Teplitsky, Golan Gur and Dr Daniel Wildmann

Dana Smith 66 Leo Baeck Institute and Queen Mary Studentship in Modern Jewish History Leo Baeck Institute MA in European Jewish History 67

Leo Baeck Institute and Queen Mary Studentship Leo Baeck Institute MA in European Jewish History in Modern Jewish History

The Leo Baeck Institute ma offered by the School of History at Queen Mary, University of London is the only taught postgraduate programme in the uk focusing on the rich field of European Jewish History. The ma in European Jewish History provides a strong grounding in approaches and theories, which have influenced the ways in which scholars understand Jewish history. The question of emancipation, the quest of equal rights and Jewish identity but also the role of antisemitism are central, as are Jewish intellectual history, focussing on the ideas of eminent Jewish thinkers about the place of Jews and Judaism in pre-mod- This PhD Studentship is the product of the alliance between the Leo Baeck Institute London and the School ern and modern society. of History at Queen Mary, University of London, and will be awarded to an outstanding candidate with As we find ourselves in a time when identity and difference are key concepts of our everyday lives, this a research project in the field of modern Jewish History. This includes projects in political, social and cul- course helps students to reflect on the way European history affects our self-perception today and how we tural history, as well as the history of science and intellectual history, to be undertaken under the super- act upon this knowledge in the future. The ma offers you a forum to discuss and reflect on the repercus- vision of one of the School’s experts. sions of the dynamics of European Jewish history to this day and reflect critically on contemporary pub- lic debates about cultural diversity, power and concepts of state. Report by Joseph Cronin Report by Anna Motyczka I began my studies at Queen Mary, University of London, in April 2012 as the second recipient of the lbi PhD Studentship in Modern Jewish History. In doing so, I joined a community of enthusi- I applied for the Leo Baeck ma in European Jewish History and Culture in 2009 while working as astic and dedicated scholars working on diverse projects within the field of European Jewish his- the usc Shoah Foundation Institute as Regional Consultant for Poland.. I was deeply involved in tory. My own research interests: Jewish identities in postwar Germany, led me to choose the lbi at the educational use of the Institute’s visual history testimonies of the Holocaust survivors, and Queen Mary for its resources, expertise, and the vitality of its academic network. I quickly learned felt that I needed more background knowledge on Jewish history to grapple fully with the con- that the lbi provides a friendly yet stimulating research environment in the newly-constructed text surrounding my work. The lbi programme offered broad coverage of the different aspects of (and quite beautiful) Arts Two building at Queen Mary. Regular seminars with other lbi students Jewish history and culture at quite a high level. Intellectually stimulating and supportive atmos- have broadened my knowledge considerably, while Dr Daniel Wildmann’s expert supervision has phere at the lbi and the Queen Mary’s School of History led me to the decision to pursue my got my research off to the best possible start. I look forward to the coming years with great excite- doctoral studies here. Currently, I am in the second year of my research investigating post-war ment, both at the prospect of making a worthwhile contribution to German Jewish studies, and Polish-Jewish relations. I focus on the Catholic attitudes towards Jews and the Holocaust. At the at establishing a lasting relationship with the lbi. same time, I serve as a part-time Programme Officer at the lbi.

Joseph Cronin Anna Motyczka 68 News from the LBI Jerusalem: Highlights 2011 News from the LBI Jerusalem: Highlights 2011 69

News from the LBI Jerusalem: Highlights 2011

Research Seminars and Workshops Public Events

24 January 2011 11 January 2011 Workshop for Young Researchers on German History Prophets of the Past. Interpreters of Jewish History In collaboration with Israeli universities With Josef Mali, Moshe Rosman, Richard Cohen and the author Michael Brenner

3 March 2011 10 March 2011 Judaism and Protestantism in Modern Germany Lea Goldberg – Study Years in Germany, 1930 – 1933 With Christian Wiese (Sussex/Frankfurt, Main) and Doron Avraham (Ramat Gan), Ofri With Jakob Hessing, Markus Silber, Tamar Hess and the author Yfaat Weiss Ilani (Tel-Aviv), Stefan Litt (Jerusalem) and Guy Miron (Jerusalem) In collaboration with the Goethe Institut Jerusalem and the Rosenzweig Center at the Hebrew University 31 May – 2 June 2011 New Research on German and Central European Zionism – International Workshop for Doctoral 19 May 2011 Students and Postdoctoral Scholars Ashkenazi Batei Midrash. Memoirs of Graduates of Rabbinical Seminaries in Germany and Aus- Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva and Sde Boker tria. From Breslau to Jerusalem: Rabbinical Seminaries. Past, Present and Future Organised by: Center for Austiran and German Studies, Ben-Gurion University With Shmuel Feiner, Einat Ramon, Jehuda Brandes and the editors Guy Miron and Asaf Yedidya International Summer Research Workshop 2011 In collaboration with the Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies

17 July – 4 August 2011 The Jacob Katz Memorial Lecture Jewish Historiography between Past and Present: 200 Years of “Wissenschaft des Judentums” Sponsored by the Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung 2 June 2011 The Count Stanislas de Clermont-Tonnere’s “To the Jews as a Nation …” (1789). The Career of a International Conference Quotation David Sorkin (University of Wisconsin-Madison) 28 February – 2 March 2011 Jews and Revolutions: From Vormärz to the Weimar Republic In collaboration with: Rosa Luxemburg Foundation; Martin Buber Chair for Jewish Thought and Philosophy, Goethe Institut Frankfurt am Main; Centre for German-Jewish Studies, Univer- sity of Sussex 70 News from the LBI New York: Highlights 2011 News from the LBI New York: Highlights 2011 71

News from the LBI New York: Highlights 2011 schaft – dfg), will allow for the digitization of about 1,000 books that have been identified as missing from the Frankfurt Library’s Judaica collection. The texts in question all belong to a col- lection focused on a 19th century scholarly movement known as the “Science of Judaism.” The digitization will occur at the Center for Jewish History’s Gruss Lipper Digital Laboratory. As a result of this project, scholars will be able to search, cover to cover, the world’s foremost collec- tion on an influential period of Jewish scholarship as it existed before 1933 from anywhere in the world. lbi’s efforts to restore this collection were also featured in a New York Times article on March 7, 2011.

12 September 2011 As both a leading Enlightenment philosopher and a learned, observant Jew, Moses Mendelssohn 1 February 2011 has come to symbolize many of the tensions within both modern Judaism and the Enlightenment Former German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer visited lbi New York to discuss his role as ini- itself. lbi and the Center for Jewish History focused on Mendelssohn’s legacy in the second half tiator of a commission to investigate the role that German diplomats played in Hitler’s apparatus of 2011 with an academic symposium and an accompanying exhibit. The exhibit, which has been of persecution in a public lecture. The commission’s report, Das Amt und die Vergangenheit (Octo- extended through March 31, 2012, explores the theme of conversation in Mendelssohn’s life and ber 2010, Blessing Verlag) had unleashed a debate in the German media about whether the com- works, including his relationships, his writings, his concept of Judaism, and the Enlightenment. mission’s judgment that the Foreign Office was a “criminal organization” goes too far. One of The participants in the symposium included Schmuel Feiner, Jonathan Karp, and Michah Got- the commission’s members, Norbert Frei spoke in depth about the contents of the study, which tlieb (who also curated the exhibition). The exhibit is also online at www.lbi.org/mendelssohn. describes how the German diplomatic corps, which traditionally drew on the most elite elements of German society, adopted a narrative that it had been co-opted by Nazi-appointed outsiders 12 December 2011 like Joachim von Ribbentrop, who became Foreign Minister in 1938, and Franz Rademacher, who German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle awarded the Leo Baeck Medal to artist Anselm Kiefer headed the Office of Jewish Affairs. “People talk about the role of the Foreign Office in the Nazi and bestowed a special honor on Dr Henry A. Kissinger. The presentation took place during the regime as if they were two separate entities,” said Frei. “Our hypothesis was that the Foreign annual Leo Baeck Institute Gala Award Dinner at the Waldorf≈Astoria in New York. Westerwelle Office in the Third Reich was the Foreign Office of the Third Reich.” lbi has published Frei’s praised Kiefer for his artistic work that engages with Germany’s terrible past and the loss of the remarks in a pamphlet, which is the first and thus far only extensive information available in cultural symbiosis of Jews and Germans that was destroyed in the Holocaust. Presenting the English on the content of this report. inaugural Moses Mendelssohn Award for Critical Thinking to Dr Kissinger, Westerwelle lauded the former us Secretary of State for his service to the transatlantic friendship. Former World Bank 7 April 2011 Director James Wolfensohn also spoke about Kissinger’s foreign policy legacy, and Guggenheim In the exhibit, Radical Departures: The Modernist Experiment, lbi New York featured Jewish and Museum and Foundation Director Richard Armstrong spoke about Kiefer’s contributions to the non-Jewish German artists whose work was eventually branded as “degenerate” by the Nazis and field of art. who were forced to flee Germany. The exhibit focused on George Stahl, a painter who responded to the political turmoil of the Weimar Republic, and later World War ii and the Holocaust, with 15 December 2011 work that moved from a modernist style in the 1920’s to pure abstraction in the 1950’s. The 2011 Leo Baeck Memorial Lecture was held by Professor Jonathan Steinberg, the author of the highly acclaimed biography, Bismarck: A Life, which Dr Henry Kissinger called “the best study of 23 June 2011 Bismarck in the English language.” In it, Steinberg describes the political genius of the man who At the 9th Leo Baeck Salon in Berlin, sponsored by lbi New York, seventeen young artists trans- dominated his era. Bismarck’s belief in Prussia’s cohesion and authority, and in a nationalism that formed shipping containers in an industrial Berlin neighborhood into art spaces with sculptures could be put to good use, ultimately led to Germany’s tragic 20th century. In his lecture at lbi, inspired by lbi collections. The artists, all students in Gregor Schneider’s sculpture class at the Dr Steinberg focused on Bismarck’s role in the emergence of modern anti-Semitism in Germany. Berlin University of the Arts, engaged with lbi archives held at the Jewish Musuem in Berlin.

4 August 2011 A major international grant will fund an initiative by the Center for Jewish History, Leo Baeck Institute, and the Frankfurt University Library to digitally recreate a seminal collection of Judaica that was scattered in the Holocaust. The $180,000 grant, jointly funded by the National Endow- ment for the Humanities (neh) and the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemein- The Leo Baeck Institute UIII

The Leo Baeck Institute

Address Leo Baeck Institute Supported by: 2nd Floor, Arts Two Building Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road London E1 4ns Te l (020) 7882 5690 Fax (020) 7882 6901 E-Mail [email protected] Website www.leobaeck.co.uk

London Office according to the decision of the German Bundestag Director Prof Raphael Gross [email protected] Deputy Director Dr Daniel Wildmann [email protected] Hon. Treasurer David Goldsmith Office Manager Almut Becker, ma [email protected] Carina Chitayat [email protected] arsp Volunteer Carlotta Israel [email protected] Research Professors Prof Ulrich Charpa [email protected] Prof Ute Deichmann [email protected] Report of Activities (Editors) Dr Daniel Wildmann and Carlotta Israel Chairman Prof Peter Pulzer

Year Book Team

Editors Dr Cathy Gelbin and Prof Raphael Gross Contributing Editor Prof Edward Fram and Dr David Rechter Associate Editor Dr Daniel Wildmann Manuscript Editor Helen McEwan Bibliographer Dr Manfred Jehle Coordinator Almut Becker Gabriele Rahaman