GPS Based Animal Tracking with SMS Alert [10] B

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230, Mar. 2013. the hydrological regime of the Kaligandaki Basin, [9] A. Dixit and A. Shukla, “Benefits and Burden: A Case Nepal,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 625, pp. 837–848, Jun. Study of Gandak River Agreement,” Kathmandu, 2017. 2018. GPS based Animal Tracking with SMS Alert [10] B. K. Pradhan, “Personal Reflections: Nepal-India Water [20] V. Dahal, N. M. Shakya, and R. Bhattarai, “Estimating Relations,” in The NepalIndia Water Relationships: the Impact of Climate Change on Water Availability in

Challenges, 2009, pp. 243–267. Bagmati Basin, Nepal,” Environ. Process., vol. 3, no. 1, Nabin Datt Bhatt Samundra Rai Janak Bastakoti [11] A. Detges, B. Pohl, and S. Schaller, “Editor’s Pick: 10 pp. 1–17, Mar. 2016. Department of Computer and Department of Computer and Department of Computer and Violent Water Conflicts,” 2017. [Online]. Available: [21] DOED, “Operating Hydropower Projects,” 2018. Electronics, Communication & Electronics, Communication & Electronics, Communication & https://www.newclimateforpeace.org/blog/editor’s-pick- [Online]. Available: Information Engineering Information Engineering Information Engineering 10-violent-water-conflicts. [Accessed: 01-Mar-2018]. http://www.doed.gov.np/operating_projects_hydro.php. Kathford International College of Kathford International College of Kathford International College of [Accessed: 01-Mar-2018]. [12] A. Richards and N. Singh, “Inter-state Water Disputes in Engineering and Management, Engineering and management, Engineering and management, India: Institutions and Policies,” Int. J. Water Resour. [22] D. of W. S. & S. (DWSS), “Nationwide Coverage and Affliated to Tribhuvan University Affliated to Tribhuvan University Affliated to Tribhuvan University Balkumari, Lalitpur Balkumari, Lalitpur Balkumari, Lalitpur Dev., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 611–625, Dec. 2002. Functionality Status of Water Supply and Sanitation in

[13] C. Sadoff et al., “Ten fundamental questions for water Nepal,” Kathmandu, Nepal, 2014. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] resources development in the Ganges: myths and [23] G. of Nepal, “The Constitution of Nepal,” Kathmandu, realities,” Water Policy, vol. 15, no. S1, p. 147, Oct. Nepal, 2015. Saban Kumar K.C. 2013. [24] I. C. for I. M. D. (ICIMOD), “Policy Gaps and [14] E. J. Moors et al., “Adaptation to changing water Institutional Arrangements for Water Resources Department of Computer and Electronics, Communication & resources in the Ganges basin, northern India,” Environ. Management in Nepal.,” Kathmandu, Nepal, 2018. Information Engineering Sci. Policy, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 758–769, Nov. 2011. [25] J. D. Petersen-Perlman, J. C. Veilleux, and A. T. Wolf, Kathford International College of [15] M. Jeuland, N. Harshadeep, J. Escurra, D. Blackmore, “International water conflict and cooperation: challenges Engineering and management, and opportunities,” Water Int., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 105– and C. Sadoff, “Implications of climate change for water Affliated to Tribhuvan University resources development in the Ganges basin,” Water 120, Feb. 2017. Balkumari, Lalitpur Policy, vol. 15, no. S1, p. 26, Oct. 2013. [26] G. Rasul, “Why Eastern Himalayan countries should [email protected] [16] DHM, “Observed Climate Trend Analysis of Nepal cooperate in transboundary water resource management,” (1971-2014),” Kathmandu, 2017. Water Policy, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 19, Feb. 2014. [17] L. Bharati, P. Gurung, P. Jayakody, V. Smakhtin, and U. [27] S. B. Yoffe, A. T. Wolf, and M. Giordano, “Conflict and number because of Forest destroyed by human Bhattarai, “The Projected Impact of Climate Change on cooperation over internationalfreshwater resources: Abstract— Animal tracking system is based on the civilization. It is important to save the life of wild Indicators of basins at risk,” J. Am. Water Resour. Global positioning system (GPS) that receives the signal Water Availability and Development in the Koshi Basin, animals in the sanctuaries. In every year wild animals Nepal,” Mt. Res. Dev., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 118–130, May Assoc., vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1109–1126, 2003. from GPS satellite. This project is a tracking system with a modem connected to it. So, if the user wants to know tracked and killed by people. But these animals also 2014. [28] Treaty Between the government of the Republic of India the location of a particular animal then the user can send undergo some disease, movement of animals can [18] L. P. Devkota and D. R. Gyawali, “Impacts of climate and the government of the People’s Republic of the message to the GSM modem then the microcontroller destroy. Due to a disturbance in the movement of change on hydrological regime and water resources Bangladesh on Sharing of the Ganga/Ganges Waters at ATmega328P collects all the data from the sensor like animals suffering from some diseases. Endangered management of the Koshi River Basin, Nepal,” J. Farakka. December 12, 1996. temperature sensor, accelerometer MPU 6050. The animal like Rhinoceros, Elephants, White Tiger, Panda Hydrol. Reg. Stud., vol. 4, pp. 502–515, Sep. 2015. [29] G. of Nepal Reserved list and Issued Licenses, DOED- received data is processed and provided in the form of and many other animals. longitude and latitude to the GSM module. GPS Module Nepal https://www.doed.gov.np/download.php [19] A. R. Bajracharya, S. R. Bajracharya, A. B. Shrestha, and synchronizes with ATmega328p microcontroller and Nepal is a tourism place containing different national S. B. Maharjan, “Climate change impact assessment on temperature as well as accelerometer sensor to inform park and wildlife areas. Recently it contains ten the authority about the present condition of the wild national parks, three wildlife reserves and six animal. The intention of this system is to inform the forest conservation areas. Animal location, movement, and officer. They can proceed their further step to save the body temperature of the animal can transfer to the animals. For this target a simple prototype is developed officer of wildlife/national parks. If there are some due to which the data can be measured by the sensors wounds on the animal body and because of wounds then SMS can be sent to the concerned number so that temperature of animal rises, then the system can send the location of the animal can be determined. SMS to the forest officer so he/she can give immediate Keywords: GSM, GPS, SMS, Animal tracking attention. Also, if an animal goes out of the wildlife area then the system can send the SMS to the forest I. INTRODUCTION officer so he/she can give immediate attention. If someone tries to kill the animal movement of the Every living creature on this earth has an important animal can drastically change to its limit and send SMS role in the ecosystem. At this time the wild animals are to the officer. World Wide popular animal Trafficking more prone to trafficking so they are now endangered. by people. This system gives animals’ information to So, in every country we see that there are wildlife the officer. The objectives of this project are to track animal reserves and national parks where these the animal, to sense the temperature and motion and to animals can live freely in the forest however these are alert the user with SMS. monitored by human beings. Also, now days these wildlife national parks have become popular for a tourist area. Now day’s wild animal becoming less in

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II. LITERATURE REVIEW one collar including all expenses and labor required for get their location and for the temperature and vibration the construction costs about $840 [3]. of an animal. GPS wildlife tracking is a process whereby scientific researchers or conservation agencies can remotely P. A. Lemnell [4] filed a patent in US named “Animal observe relatively fine-scale movement or migration Tracking System” which can indicate the direction and patterns of wild animal using the Global Positioning behavior of animal such as hunting dog. RF transmitter System and optional environmental sensors This kind and receiver was used for data transmission. of technology is very useful to protect the endangered animal like One-horned rhinoceros (Eksinge gainda) Scientific Name: Rhinoceros unicorns, Red panda (Habre) Scientific Name: Ailurus Fulggen, Bengal tiger (Pate Bagh) etc. GPS and GSM based animal tracking system is a combination of GPS module, GSM module, Arduino microcontroller, temperature sensor and accelerometer sensor which can track the wild animals from any remote area to the authority, which helps in keeping track of animals health, death and much vital information required for ecological Fig.1. Design of an animal tracking system [4] research. Here this system is attached to the Animals body to which GPS satellite sends the longitude and H. Rebeecca et al. did a case study in northern latitude value to the GPS receiver which then sends the Australia demonstrating “the potential for combining GPS collars and satellite images in a WSN to monitor information to the microcontroller, then Fig. 3. Block Diagram of system microcontroller sends required message to GSM behavioral preferences and social behavior of cattle” module which then sends the message to the registered [5, p. 3586]. B. Flowchart of the System number. By this process authority will be in contact with the animals for the required information. This project is developed for the purpose of tracking endangered animals to facilitate the required In Nepal, endangered species, including rhinos and protection to save them. In this system user send a tigers, are suffering from the combined effects of message to the system to access the required data. This poaching and habitat destruction. The drones can projects basically involves AVR ATmega328P address both. The small-scale, remote-controlled microcontroller and a GSM module. Here the drones are still being refined. They are light enough to microprocessor collects the data from GPS module, be launched by hand and fly a pre-programmed route temperature and accelerometer sensors then it sends of up to 20km (12.5 miles), filming the ground below the information to the registered number. with stills or video camera. If they see poachers in the In this tracking system, the device collects the data for area, they can send out a team to catch them [1]. every instance. Then, if the animals cross the

Due to rapid poaching of Elephant in Malaysia. predefined boundary then it automatically sends a Research is carried out in the University of message of the animal’s location continuously. Then if Fig. 4. Flowchart of the System Nottingham “Tracking endangered elephants with the animal is in the predefined boundary then if users IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION satellite technology”. Once the GPS collar is fitted the send the “location” then the system sends the data to the users. elephant's whereabouts can be tracked in the field Fig.2. GPS with Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) A. Location tracking using VHF radio signal or at any location with an implementation in northern Australia [5, p. 3591] internet connection to access the GPS locations transmitted by the collar via satellite phone. The III. METHODOLOGY project is also looking at non-invasive techniques to A. Block diagram of a system extract DNA and hormones from elephant faces, The system consists of a GPS module, temperature developing cost-effective strategies to mitigate sensor (LM35), Accelerometer (MPU 6050) and GSM human-elephant conflict and improving our Module all handled and controlled by ATMega328 understanding of elephant ecological function in Microcontroller. tropical rainforests [2]. The Clark GPS Animal Tracking System includes The project revolves around the core concept of serial GPS-based tracking collars and a hand-held, mobile communication. The GSM Modem is interfaced with base station. These collar electronics are then the microcontroller (ATmega328p). A GPS module is used to detect the location of the wild animal, a contained within a watertight housing, which is Fig. 5. Latitude vs Longitude data mounted on a collar that can be sized for different temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of wildlife species. The tracking collar collects and stores the wild animal and accelerometer is used to detect the As testing of the GPS module, the obtained latitude time-stamped data for the geographic location of the orientation of system in three different coordinates. and longitude can be represented in map form using collar, which can be downloaded to a distant base The overall system is controlled via mobile phone google map as shown in figure below. The testing is station using the radio transceiver. To complete the which communicates with the system via GSM done inside lalitpur. Module (SIM 900A) for the tracking of the animal, to

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The summary of power requirment by the designed REFERENCES system is tabulated as follows: [1] J. McGivering, "https://www.bbc.com," 20 June 2012. Table 1: Power Requirement of System [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment- Component Operating Operating Total Remarks 18527119. [Accessed 29 December 2018]. Voltage current power [2] U. O. Nottingham, "Science Daily," 12 May 2012. [Online]. Available: GPS 3.5V 45mA 0.157 Its working https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/12052 Module 5 temperature 4092756.htm. [Accessed 29 December 2018]. Watt -40 to 80 ⁰C [3] C. E. Patrick et al., "An Advanced, Low-Cost, GPS- Based Animal Tracking System," US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, 2006. GSM 4.5V 2A 9 GSM give Module Watt high [4] P.A. Lemnell, “Animal Tracking System,” United States Patent 5,900,818, May 4, 1999. Fig. 6. The 2D map of the tracked location (Google Map) performanc [5] H.Rebeecca et al., "Monitoring Animal Behaviour and e at 2.5A- 3A Enviromental Interactions using Wireless Sensor

B. Monitoring the temperature and orientation Accelerome 3.46V 100 mA 0.346 Network,GPS collars and Satellite Remote Sensing,"

The temperature sensor and accelerometer are used in ter Sensor Watt vol. 9, pp. 3586-3603, 2009. [Online]. Available: (MPU6050) www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors the system for monitoring the temperature and motion/vibration of the testing entity which provides the basic health status to the concerned user. Temperatur 12V 60µA 720 e Sensor µWatt (LM35)

AT Mega 2.4 V 20 µA 48µW Fig. 8. Orientation vs Time (ms) 328p att

This is the snapshot of Arduino IDE serial plotter at Total 25.86 V 2.145 A 9.54 9600 baud rate measuring x, y & z orientation by the Watt

accelerometer which is based on laboratory testing of

the on different time interval at different temperatures showing the variation in x, y & z coordinates. Comparing the designed system with existing system, it is seen that commercially available tracking systems C. SMS Alert have the data storage capacity needed to frequently collect animal location data, also evaluate animal behavior at fine spatial resolution. The designed system is limited up to laboratory and on campus testing. It is intended to attach the system to the neck of animal such that sensors will be very close to the body of that animal but this system is not tested in real wildlife zone.

V. CONCLUSION Fig. 7. Temperature vs Time (ms) The designed system has three major functions; first of This is the snapshot of Arduino IDE serial plotter at all it can track the location then monitor the health 9600 baud rate measuring temperature by LM35 which status, finally alert the user in two different ways i.e. is based on laboratory testing of the temperature sensor on the request basis or the direct alert. By increasing on different time interval at different temperatures the other sensors other hygienic parameters of animal showing the variation in 27-33 degree centigrade. can be determined. Hence, by using GPS and GSM Also the outcome of the testing of an accelerometer is technology it is possible to locate animals and monitor shown in figure 6. The accelerometer gives the value their health issues. in x, y and z coordinates by which the status of orientation of the animal can be determined so that ACKNOWLEDGMENT required action can be taken if found abnormal. We would like to convey our thanks to all who helped us especially the faculty members of the Department Fig. 9. SMS via GSM module of Computer and Electronics and Communication of Kathford International College of Engineering and If the user sends message “location” to the system then management for their invaluable support and the system provides the location of animal, guidance. acceleration of animal in coordinate format and temperature in degree centigrade as shown in figure 5.

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B. Monitoring the temperature and orientation Accelerome 3.46V 100 mA 0.346 Network,GPS collars and Satellite Remote Sensing,"

AT Mega 2.4 V 20 µA 48µW Fig. 8. Orientation vs Time (ms) 328p att

This is the snapshot of Arduino IDE serial plotter at Total 25.86 V 2.145 A 9.54 9600 baud rate measuring x, y & z orientation by the Watt accelerometer which is based on laboratory testing of the on different time interval at different temperatures showing the variation in x, y & z coordinates. Comparing the designed system with existing system, it is seen that commercially available tracking systems C. SMS Alert have the data storage capacity needed to frequently collect animal location data, also evaluate animal behavior at fine spatial resolution. The designed system is limited up to laboratory and on campus testing. It is intended to attach the system to the neck of animal such that sensors will be very close to the body of that animal but this system is not tested in real wildlife zone.

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Automatic Cattle Feeding System

Pratiksha Karn Nisha Somai Sonam Ghimire Department of Computer and Department of Computer and Department of Computer and Electronics , Communication & Electronics, Communication & Electronics, Communication & Information Engineering Information Engineering Information Engineering Kathford International College of Kathford International College of Kathford International College of Engineering and Management, Engineering and Management, Engineering and Management, Affiliated to Tribhuwan University Affiliated to Tribhuwan University Affiliated to Tribhuwan University Balkumari, Lalitpur Balkumari, Lalitpur Balkumari, Lalitpur [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Preety Sitikhu Saban Kumar K.C. Department of Computer and Department of Computer and Electronics, Communication & Electronics, Communication & Information Engineering Information Engineering Kathford International College of Kathford International College of Engineering and Management, Engineering and Management, Affiliated to Tribhuwan University Affiliated to Tribhuwan University Balkumari, Lalitpur Balkumari, Lalitpur [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— In Nepal, basically the feeding of the cattle is the application of line following robot, remarkable manual which is time consuming. In this paper, an changes can be brought to this field. The use of automatic cattle feeding system is introduced where food infrared and ultrasonic sensor ensures precise line feeder follows the path through a pre-determined following and an exact determination of feed point. distance and places the feed to the cattle by the side of the The use of Bluetooth module helped to control and feed fence. The prototype is developed using IR sensors interfaced with microcontroller that tracks the path to switch off the whole system whenever there is any follow. The motors are interfaced to operate in either issue in the hardware. With the application of direction. A sliding door operated by a DC motor is used Automatic Cattle Feeding system uniformity in feed that opens and places the feed. Unnecessary objects distribution can be maintained. detection feature is also added using an ultrasonic sensor. Similarly, smartphone based wireless switching feature is II. LITERATURE REVIEW added for manual intervention. As the result, the The first automatic feeding system is known to be developed robotic vehicle is able to track and distribute the feed in specified path and distance respectively. introduced by Valmetal. The robotic system was fully managed by a PLC capable of articulating and Keywords— Automation, Cattle feeding, Robotic vehicle, coordinating on its own all of the farm equipment of a Smartphone dairy farming. Till the present date, Valmetal is the company with the largest number of automated I. INTRODUCTION feeding system. The system consisted of a control The cattle need to be fed. It is a simple statement, but panel assembled by one of the Valmetal Group of one that resonates with every cattle producer. To make companies "Controls -A-Tech Drummond" consisted this necessary task easier for farmers, the concept of of a PLC, a touch screen, a weighting system and other automatic cattle feeding system came into existence. necessary equipment for conveying feed [1]. In 1993, Automatic Cattle Feeding System is a robotic feeding Pellon introduced its first feeding robot, Concentrate system which consists of a battery operated robotic Feeder Robot. It was a simple solution to manually vehicle that is capable of feeding an equal amount of dropping feed to cattle in a certain proportion. The feed. The feed is manually loaded in the feeder and it concentrate feeder robot assured accurate follows the feed fence through a pre-determined route proportioning. After three years of implementation of until it reaches the feeding fence at a pre-determined the concentrate feeder robot, Pellon introduced Combi distance where it places the feed through a sliding Robot to consider concentration as well as the quality door. To ensure the precise, timely and adequate of feed. The latest feeding system by Pellon is Feedline feeding of cattle of each group, this project is Automatic System. The system has its own Pellon applicable in an agricultural country like Nepal where Graphics that is independent of computer graphics or the lack of manpower in cattle farming has an adverse internet connections [2]. The farm owned by Frank effect on dairy production.The main objective is to Murphy and managed by Aine Sweeney was the first design an automatic cattle feeding system that moves beef farm to introduce the Lely automated feeding around the fence to distribute the feed uniformly. With system. It used the ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) to

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