----~------~--~

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION

FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH

VOLUME XVIII, Part 4 October, 1967

Contents PAGE .... No. 336. Wall structure and cementation in Haplaphragmoides callariellsis,. Kenneth 147 ~"'" No. 337. ~;ig~:,w;e~~~~~~~~~"' ~;~ "' ~~~;~~;; " ~;~~~~~~~~ " ~~ '" ~~~;;oboqua~;i~~~'~~;~ /~c:\.Wt t~l lvttS-4' i+ Frerichs and Vincent, gen. nov) Orville L. ~y, William E. ,Frerichs, and 23 -CForaminifera from the Lower Ariyalur Stage /"7~J0ic.. of Vridhachalam and Pondicherry, India Ranjit K. Banerji ...... 158 No. 339. A revised classification of the Family-- Discocyclinidae- Galloway Bimal K. t'b It).. "" ,..:. l 164 /4""'6 c. i ,: No. 340. ~ ~a;:;:t:i~~ ·~~;~~;~;~ ·· ~~~~ ··~~ · ;;~~~~~~ ··~·~~ ·· ~~~ ·· ~~ · ~~~ .~~~~~ ...... ~~.. ~~. ;~~~ vic rom,M f~ t -=- '-II< I.., U,3 and W. H. Akers ...... ~ 168 Cel~~~ ' y,PI- ", 5 1 No. 341. Test recalcification in Rosalilla f/oridalZa (Cushman) Robert W. Angell, ...... 176 fi:,~""-i." Recent Literature on the Foraminifera Ruth Todd ...... 178 /-9 ~ 1"<>..""-.\ -"I"'~ . In 1>11' o(j"""I'~ '

1967

I ' Tii-:! l • t

( CONTRIBU TIONS FROl\:1 THE} CUS HIVIAN FOUNDATI ON FOR F'O R Al\l1 N IFEHAL RES EARCH 14

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE C USHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARC H VOLUME XVIII, P ART 4 , O CTOB ER 1967 336. WALL STRUCTURE AND CEMENTATION IN HAPLaPHRAGMOIDES CANARIENSIS K ENNETH M. TOWE Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution

ABSTRACT The test wall of Haulol1hragruoitles ennltriensis is selec­ tively constructed of s moothly fini s hed. tig htly packed Ciuartz with subordina te felds pa rs in a calcium carbonate· free organic cem ent w h ich can va.ry in its sodium hypo­ chlorite solubility and wh ich contains im portant amounts of ferric iron in individua ls which a re colored reddish­ brown or white 01' both. The animal is probably not in­ volved in a meta.bolic secl'e lion of iron oxides in the usual sense. A m odel for test (orma lion is offered to eXl>lain the obse rved data, INTRODUCTION Because of the difficulties inherent in studying their tests, the arenaceous Foraminifera have been largely ignored in comparison to their calcareous counterparts. In recent years only the work of Hedley on the arenaceous wall is notable from the point of view of wall structure and biochemistry. In the present study the species Haplaphragm oides callariellsis was chosen because it is commo n, it is the type species of the genus, and it is an important representative of the family Lituolidae. The species therefore is an ideal member of the arenaceous Fo­ raminifera for the purpose of examining the micro­ structure of the arenaceous test, the nature of the TEXT F IGURE 1 cementing material, and the relationship of the min­ erai grains to the cementing materia l. The methods Drawin g of a mature individua l of Haplaphrag­ m oides cal/ ariellsis from Port William , Falkland here used are X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy Isla nds. ( X 75). and chemical staining techniques. Representative specimens from widely scattered geographical loca l­ of many arenaceous Foraminifera. Other individu­ ities were selected from the collections at the U. S. als are completely white in color. National Museum. It is well known that in the reddish-brown por­ RESULTS tions of the test of this and other arenaceous species Text fi g. 1 is a drawing of a representative indi­ cement is minerali zed with an in orga nic ferruginous vidual of H . cal/ariel/ sis. The test is planispira l, deposit. X-ray diffraction patterns of both the red­ partially involute, with simple chambers a nd a dish-brown and completely white tests show that the single wall. The arenaceous wall is smoothly fin­ only crystalline components present in all of the ished, the mineral grains varying in size from coarse specimens ana lyzed are quartz a nd feldspar. The (> 201t) to fine «lit), set in a cement which is feldspar is identified from the Debye-Scherrer X­ subordinate. The true amount of cement is recog­ ray data as an intermediate plagioclase (oli goclase­ nized only after very careful observation at high andesine?) which is qua ntitatively subordinate to magnification (-IOOX ). C ursory observation at the quartz. There is no iron or calcium carbonate low magnification gives the fa lse impression that either as cementing material or as arenaceous com­ the very fine-grained areas are true cement. All ponents. The ferruginous materia l occurring in the specimens of H. cal/ariellsis examined derive their cement is prese nt as an extremely fin e-grained, X­ ove rall color from the cement. In the average in­ ray amorphous constituent. That the ferric iro n is d ividualthe reddish-brown color is clearly restricted present in the reddish-brown tests as a very fine, to the cement and decreases in intensity towards the a morphous oxide is supported by the fact that it is later formed chambers. The last formed chamIJer is chelated and removed by disodium E DTA (pH 4.6 ) often completely white, which C ushman (1950) after a 24-hour treatment. The 24-hour chelation and others observed was a common characteristic of the iron from H . cal/ariel/ sis is rapid when com- 148 TOWE- WALL OF II i-\ PLOPHRAGl\[OIDES CANARLENSIS pared with other iron oxides. Such rapid chelation Hedley ( 1963) further reported that the color of was achieved experimentall y only with very fine the test was not a reliable indicator of its iron con­ colloidal hydrated iron oxides and then onl y if the tent , as in the twelve species he studied both pure material was well dispersed. Hedley ( 1963) was white and reddish-brown forms contained similar able to sequester the iron in other ferrugi nous Fo­ amoun ts of iron. T his feature of the arenaceous raminifera afte r five to seven days in EDTA at pH wall was confirmed in H . callariellsis by means of 8. Such extended treatment of H . callariellsis at pH tbe acidified potassium ferrocyanide staining test on 11 failed to remove all of the iron; further proof specimens from various localities (table 1) . All that it is not a carbonate. Concomitant with the specimens reacted positi vely for ferric iron, al­ loss of iron, and as reported by Hedley (1963), the though the intensit y of blue colorati on was variable. test loses stre ngth and becomes soft and fl exible. A buffe red 0.25 % ortbopbenanthroline test for In the electron microscope, replicas of the sur­ fe rrous iron was performed on selected specimens; face of H. callariellsis show that the wall is con­ tbe results were negative or extremely weak at best. structed ( Pl ate 12) of grains of quartz and feldspar In addition to tbe fact that all specimens, regard­ with a degree of perfection of fit that ri va ls that of less of color, contain some iron, it can be furtber the stone mason's work . Almost all of the available concluded tbat most, if not all, of tbe iron is in space has bee n fill ed with grains of the appropriate the ferric state. size and shape and little cement is present. The ma­ jority of the arenaceous components are oriented so TABLE 1 that a fl at surface is exposed. Jagged or rough edges, Chemical reactions of Haplaphragm oides except those due to minor cleavage or fracture, are callariellSis from va rious localities rarel y seen on the surface. The result is the smooth­ l-'otassiul1l :Ferro- ly fini shed test characteristic of thi s species. Clorox cyanide An important feature of the wall construction is S lJecirn en Locality Test Color Kf'aetion Reaction the absence of such accessory minerals as zircon, Cape Ha tte ras. N.C. Lig ht ilmenite, rutile and the like, the presence of which (Alba tross. D2003) D ro wn N e gative B lue would show clearly on the replicas because of their P o rl Stanley, V e ry Light insolubility in the reagents used. Also noticeably Falkla nd Is la nds 'Vhite Pos iti ve B lue absent are micaceous minerals and detrital grains Clave l'i ng Is la nd. of biogenic origin . Diatom frustules, sponge spic­ Green la nd R ed-B I'o wn Neg a tive B lu e ules, coccoliths or broken shell fragments, when Port William. rarely seen, are secondary post-mortem attachments F a lk la nd I sla nds R ed-Brown Negative B lue to the surface rather than an integral part of the C ul [ of 1\[exico "" hile P os itive B lue test construction. H. callariellsis is thus selective in M a nS- I'ove Swamp, P ositive & its choice of arenaceous materials. Trin ida d. B .W.I. R ed-Brown N egative B lue

In the electron microscope the extremely fine­ S ha nnon Is land . . P os itive & Blue. .,< grained, amorphous aspect of the iron oxide-organic N . J~. G reenland ~ R c d ·B l' o wn N egative L ight-Blue cement is apparent (Plate 13 ). T he iron oxides ap­ pear as small , globular particles that are generall y Control studies on various colloidal bydrated iron restricted to the intersti tial areas. T hese particles oxides, including goethite and bemati te, indicate average less than a thousa nd Angstrom units tbat witb varying lengtbs of time all give a positive ( O.1~L ) in size, we ll wi thin the colloidal range. Prussian blue reaction for ferric iron. In fact it was T he organic portion of the cement appears to observed, as migbt be expected, tbat tbe fi ner tbe exist in several di ffe rent states, as indicated by the particle size and tbe poorer tbe crystallinity, tbe quasi-histochemical treatment of the tests with a more rapid the formati on of Prussian blue. Hedley 5% solution of sodium hypochl orite (Clorox) . (1960, 1963) in fe rred tbat a positive reaction to Some individuals, usuall y completely white in color, tbe fe rrocyanide test indicates tbat tbe iron is or­ are readily and completely solu bi lized, leaving be­ ga ni call y bound to the cement. However, inorgan­ hind the individual grains of quartz and fe ldspar. icall y bound biologic iron will also react positively, Others, usuall y red in color, are hi ghl y resistant to as is sbown by the fact tbat ferritin and bemosiderin even extended treatment, and a thi rd group behaves granules react to tbe stain (Sboden and Ricbter, in an intermediate fashion. The results are included 1960 ) . in Table I. It is not unreasonable to concl ude from Extrapolating tbese data to the iron in H. call ari­ this that the organic cement can undergo a bio­ ellsis, as well as to otber ferruginous arenaceous chemical change during ontogeny that normall y Foraminifera, tbe rate of formation of Prussian blue results in the fin al, stable acid mucopolysac­ is consistent witb tbe particle size ind icated by the charides of the mature individuals described by electron microscope and inferred from the rate of Hedley (1963). iron cbelati on. CONTRIB UTION S FR O ~I THE CUSHMA_J'\j' F OU N D AT ION FOR F OH.A1\IIN IFERAL RE S EA~ R C H 149

D1 SCUSSlON amino acid s, sugars, etc. exist in ~ ea water as the Summarizing the data, it can be stated that the resu lt of biological activities. As the organic-inor­ t est wall of Haplopllragmoides cal/ariel/sis is ganic components tend to approach a dynamic equi­ smoothly fini shed and tightly constructed of selec­ librium, mineral grains will adsorb orga nic com­ ti ve ly chosen, mineralogicall y distinctive grains in plexes. Indeed, certain minerals will preferentiall y a subordinate calcium-free organic cement which adsorb certai n organic compounds (see for example, can vary in its sodiu m hypochlorite sol ubility and Fripiat, 1965; Evans, 1965, Williams and Zirino, contains importa nt quantities of ferric iron in forms 1964, Bader el ai, 1960; Whitehouse, 1955 ). The colored reddish-brown or white or both. degree to which this takes pl ace and tbe complexes T hese observations, combined with those of involved are variable and a function of such fac:ors Hed ley ( 1960, 1963), permit a discussion of the as the mineral surface pH, surface charge and the source of the iron- whether or not it is metabol­ steric configurati on of the organic li ga nd s. Further­ icall y secreted by the organi sm-and an hypothesis more, many organic compounds are capable of of arenaceous test formation. chelating iron and ot her cations (Smith, 1956). Ferric iron occurrin g combined as in organic ox­ Bader el al ( 1960) and Kauricbev and Nozdrunova ides and hydroxides produces a strong absorption ( 1960) have demonstrated the effectiveness of tbe in the visible region that is the result of a photo­ amino acids in this regard. The surface pH of chemical oxidati on-red uction process (Fyfe, 1964). quartz is between 6 and 7, ( Keller, 1958; Stevens Even when present in low concentrati ons and as and Carron, 1948). The solubility of iron at pH 6 very fine coll oids ( -20A) , the fe rric oxyhydrox­ is dramatically greater ( 10" times) than at pH 8.5 ides interact wi th visible light to produce the com­ (Mason, 1958). It seems possible that the surface mon red to ye ll ow colorations. It is reasonable to chemistry of quartz is such that it can increase conclude in the case of the white, or whi te portions the solubility of iron (and al uminum) at the inter­ of, arenaceous Foraminifera under consideration face over that in seawater itself. Undoubtedly the that if tbe iron ( I ) is present in suffi cient quantity mineral-iron-orga nic chelate reactions and the se­ to produce an intense Prussian blue reaction, (2) lectivity involved are very complex, but if it can is not prese nt as ferrous iron and (3) is otberwise be accepted that certai n minerals have a ;endency colorless, then it cannot be present as an inorganic to adsorb certain organic compounds to whicb iron fe rric oxide or hyd roxide. This, then, rules out the mayor may not be cbelated, tben it can be a step possibility that the so urce of ferric iron is the direct towards understanding that some arenaceous Foram­ adsorption of colloidal particulates to the sbell inifera prefer some minerals to the exclusion of from sea water. Si nce all other common ferric others. Tbe process would be essentiall y that of compounds are also colored and / or water soluble chemotaxis. The phagocytotic ingestion of sucb the onl y alternative is that the iron in ;he white grains to provide the organism with a selective shell s is, at least initiall y, organically bound. l ron­ source of nutrient material is probable. Indeed, the protein complexes contai ning heme-iron, whose presence of specific amino acids and protei ns is of­ presence in tbe wall is unlikely, are also colored ten necessary in protozoa as "inducing substances" and should be eliminated from consideration on for intense pino- or phagocytotic activity (Pitelka, similar grounds. The remaining alternative is the 1963; Holter, 1962). The actual source of the iron presence of ferric iron as a colorless comp!ex with might well be independent of the adsorbed organic amino acids, peptides or in some ot her metallo­ material. It could be from Fe++ reduced at or be­ organic coordination. Hedley ( 1960) suggested low tbe sediment-water interface or from particu­ si mil arl y that in G romia oviformis the iron was late colloidal oxides ingested with the grains and present bound to.the carboxyl and / or sulfate groups dissolved within the vacuoles. In eitber case, bow­ of the protei n-acid mucosubstances. In any event, ever, it is eventually incorporated in tbe cbamber it is improbable tbat the ferrugi nous arenaceous Fo­ wa ll as Fe++ + orga nicall y complexed. In the Fo­ raminifera are actively secreting iron in the usual raminife ra the storage of the mineral grains and metabolic sense without the formation of some accompanying vacuolized plasmalemma mucoid ly pical iron-proteins. Wbether or not such iron­ fluid s could take place against a cyst membrane proteins are present in these animals awaits detailed secreted during chamber formation. This "excre­ histochemical study. Lacking these data the follow­ tory step" could explain the extremely well-fitted ing hypothesis is tentatively suggested : Various nature of many arenaceous walls. The process mineralogicall y distincti ve clastic particles (carbon­ would be one of closest packing of grains in a par­ ates, quartz, micas, clay minerals, etc.) occur in the tially fluid medium by cytoplasmic pressure result­ marine environment, each with its own surface ing in their rearrangement against the cyst mem­ chemistry, a reflection of the crystal chemistry and brane. Simultaneously the form ation of peptides the local environment. Also a wide variety of or­ and polypeptides through carboxyl linkages would ga nic nUlteri als-protein s, lipids, carbohydrates, release the iron from its probable chelated position 150 TOWE;- \VA LL OF "' A I"LOPIIItA('l\IOID"~S CANARIJ!;NSIS at the carboxyl groups. The ferric iron is then read preliminary drafts of the manuscript. G. H. avail able to preci pitate as an insoluble, coll oidal, Hamilton provided valuable technical assistance. hydrated ferric oxide tending to stabilize the ce­ menting clorox-insoluble mucosubstances. This REFERENCES process is not unlike that suggested by Schuylen­ BADER, R. G., HOOD, D . W., and SMITH, J. B., borgh ( 1965) for the formation of similar iron 1960, Geocbim. et Cosmocbim. Acta: v. 19, oxides in soils. The process of incorporation of pp. 236-243. mineral grains might take pl ace only during cham­ CUSHMAN, J . A., 1950, Foraminifera, their classifi­ ber formation. At ot her times the grains might be cation and economic use: Harvard University excreted back into the milieu. Press. This experimental model is hypothetical but it is EVANS, W. D., 1965, Facets of organic geochemis­ nO i inconsistent with the limited data available. It try, ill Ex perimental Pedology: Butterworths, is suggested as a working model which can be tested London, pp. 14-28. by subsequent culturing experiments and more de­ FRIPI AT, J . J., 1965, Surface chemistry and soil tailed hi stological st udies at both the light and elec­ science, ill Experimental Pedology: Butter­ tron microscopic level. It is offered as a possible worths, London, pp. 3-13. physiological expl anati on for test construction, but FYFE, W. S., 1964, Geochemistry of Sol ids: it is not suggested as applicable to all other arena­ McGraw-Hill, New York. ceous Foraminifera. H EDLEY, R. H., 1960, The iron-containing shell of The data presented here all ow for cl arificati on of Gromia oviformis (Rhizopoda): Quart. Jour. some of the difficulties associated with earlier ob­ Micro. Sci., v. 101 , pp. 279-293. servati ons. Cushman (1950) indicated a belief that in the arenaceous Foraminifera a ferruginous ---, 1963 , Cement and iron in the arenaceous cement could be largely repl aced by a calcareous Foraminifera: Micropaleontology, v. 9, pp. cement. This he concluded from observations on 433-441. color changes taking pl ace geographically as well as HOLTER, H ., 1962, Pinocytosis, ill Ciba Found. in single individuals. It is clear from the present Symp. on Enzymes and Drug Action, pp. 30-42. study that such a concl usion is not necessaril y wa r­ KAURICHEV, I. S. and NOZD RUNOVA, E. M., 1960, ranted. As color of the test is not a reliable indi­ Role of components of water-soluble organic cator of iron content (Hedley, 1963), so is it not matter in tbe formation of complex iron-organ­ a reliable indicator of calcareous cement. The ic compounds: Doklady TSKhA, no. 52, pp. transi ti on that Cushman observed taking place in a 65-70. si ngle individual was that of a colorless iron­ KELLER, W. D. , 1958, Argi ll ation and direct bauxi­ organic cement giving way to a reddish-brown iron­ ti zation in terms of concentrations of hydrogen organic cement. and metal cations at surface of hydrolyzing The complete absence of calcareous ma:erial in aluminum si licates: AAPG Bull., v. 42, pp. the test of H . cal/ariel/sis results in an additional 233-245. complication of taxonomic importance. Loeblich and Tappan (1964) indicate in their description of MASON, B., 1958, Principles of Geochemistry, 2nd the Family Lituolidae that the wall is agglutinated, ed.: J . Wiley, Inc., New York. with calcareous cement or microgranular calcite. PITELKA, D. R. , 1963, Electron-microscopic struc­ Inasmuch as there is no calcareous material of any ture of Protozoa: Pergamon Press, New York. kind in the test this would require either shifting SCHUYLENBORGH, J. V., The formation of sesqui­ the genus Haplaphragm oides to some other family oxides in soils, ill Experimental Pedology: or modifyi ng the family description to indicate the Butterworths, London, pp. 113-125. degree to which the cementing material can vary. The latter choice seems preferable. SHOD EN, A. and RI CHTER, G. W., 1960, On the ex­ traction and staining of ferritin: Folia Hema­ tologica, v. 4, pp. 180-183 . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is grateful for tbe criticisms and sug­ SMITH, R. L., 1956, Properties and applications of gestions of M. A. Buzas, R. Cifelli, M. G. Gross, sequestering agents: Chemistry and Industry, R. H. Hedley, and H. A. Lowenstam, all of whom v. 44, pp. 1284-1291.

E XPLANATION OF PLATE 12 FIGS. PAGE Elec;ron micrograph (single stage replica) of the surface of H . callariellsis with quartz grains (Q), minor cement and large fe ldspar grai n (F). ( X 7000) ...... 14 CONTRlB. CUSHMAN FOUND. FORAM. RESEARCH, VOL. 18 PLATE 12

Towe: Wall of Haplophragmoides canafiensis CONTRIB. CUSHMAN FOUND. FORAM. R ESEARCH, VOL. 18 PLATE 13

Towe: Wall of Haplaphragmoides canariellSis

152 BANDY, FRERI CH S. AND VINC ENT- N I';O(iLOnOOUADKINA. GEN. NOV.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE C USHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH VOLUM E XVIII, PART 4, OCTOBER 1967 337. ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT, AND GEOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF NEOGLOBOQUADRINA BANDY, FRERICHS, AND VINCENT, GEN. NOV.* ORVILLE L. BANDY, WILLIAM E. FRERICHS, AND EDITH VINCENT Department of Geology and Allan Hancock Foundation Universit y of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A new gene ric name. NeoJ:iohollUudriull. is IlrOPOse<1 The writers wish to express their grateful thanks based upon the type species "Globlgeritlu," dutertrl'i d'OdJigny. 1839. The tYJ)e species arose in Ju teI' :Miocenc and appreciati on to the National Science Founda­ lime from Globorotalia g loborotu1oidcu. (Colom ), developing' ti on for support (GP 2530) and for the opportunity toothllke umb11lcnl fl aps by later Pliocene time in lI'opical of the senior author to undertake cruises of the R/V areas; u mbilical fl aps have not yet developed in temperate ANTON BRUUN in the Indian Ocean (Cruise 7, forms. The pitted non-spinose wall distinguishes this new g enus from Globh:erillu ; tropical forms with toothlike um­ 1964) and the southeastern Pacific (Cruise 17, bilical flaps are like GloboQualirina as a result of evo· 1966). We wish to thank the scientists, officers, and lutionary convergence. crew of the BRUUN for their assistance and coop­ Evolulion of umbilical flaps in tropical populations or erati on. Thanks are also due K. S. Rodolfo and the the later Pliocene is a valid datum. Expans ions of trop· leal populations during Inte rglaCia l interva ls of the Qua. staff of the U.S.C. & G.S. PIONEER for coll ections ternary can PI'oduce the s uperposition or tropical popula· made in the Andaman Sea; to Lamont Geological lions (with fl a l)s) ove l' tempe rate I)opu la tions (without Observatory for making available sa mples from flaps) in g eographic rLl"eas marg inal to the tropics; these their core V 15-1 64; to officers and crew of the cases may be confused with the actual evolutionary se· quence of the laler !' lIocene. U .S.C. R/V VELERO IV for assisting with collec­ tions from basins of the continental borderland of INTRODUCTION southern Californa; to the scientists, officers, and It is the purpose of this study to show the origin, crew of the USNS ELTANIN for coll ections made development and geologic importance of the new in the Antarclic; to Henriette M. Williston for typ­ genus Neogloboquadrilla based upon a lineage study ing and editorial service; and to Fritz Theyer for of the type species "Clobigerilla" dillerlrei d'Or­ assislance in retouching the photographs. bigny, 1839. From a structural approach, this genus is essentially like Cloboqlladrilla Fi nlay, 1947, as SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY pointed out by Parker ( 1962); from a phylogenetic approach, it arose from a different set of ancestors Order FORAMINIFERIDA anJ is therefore geneticall y unrelated to Clabo­ Superfamil y GLOBIGERINACEA Carpenter qlladrina. Genus Ncogloboquadrina Bandy, Frerichs, and Vincent, gen. nov. It is not the purpose of this work to explore the classification of planktonic foraminifera. This sub­ Platc 14, figures 2-12 ject has been reviewed and reconsidered in a nUIll­ Type species: C lobigerilla dillerlrei D'ORBIGNY, ber of recent studies ( Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1839, ill de la Sagra, Histoire phys ique, poli­ 1957; Pokorny, 1958; Banner and Blow, 1959; tique et naturelle de I'lle de Cuba, Bertrand, Loeblich and Tappan, 1964; etc.) . In keeping wi th Paris, p. 84 (plates published separately, vol. Galloway ( 1933) and Cushman ( 1948), most au­ 8, pI. 4, fi gs. 19-21 ).-BA NNER and BLOW, thors have used wall , chamber arrangement, and 1960, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contf., basic position of the aperture as the primary basis vol. II, p. II , pI. 2, fig. I (lectotype). of classification. Banner and Blow have emphasized Test globose, trochospiral, multilocul ar, spire flat the external structural modifications of the aperture to rather hi gh, chambers inflated. The umbilicus is in their work. Phylogeny, an important part of deep and moderately broad. The aperture is interio­ Galloway's classification, has assumed much im­ marginal, varying from umbilical to umbilical-extra­ portance in recent works by many authors such as umbilical, with toothlike umbilical fl aps in tropical Blow (1 959), Wade (1964), etc. The stratigraphic specimens, weak ly developed fl aps or none at all in occurrences of many planktonic forms is now so specimens from temperate areas. Wall moderately well documented that occurrence in geologic time is and uniformly perforate, giving a pitted appearance valid as a criti cal factor in classification. T he case wi th no spines or only a sli ght development of for Neogloboqlladrilla exempl ifies the importance spines near the aperture. This genus is like Clabo­ of the phylogenetic approach. qlladrilla Finlay (1947) , but it developed from a

• Th l~ s tud~' ,,"n~ Sll flrmrt,..i1 hy a grnnt frnm the Natfonnl different lineage in the later Miocene and is there­ ::i cience Foundation (Cp :! 1i3 0). fore genetically unrelated. It differs from Clobi;:- CONTRIBUTIONS l<"'ROl\1 THE CUSHl\tAN F OUN DATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH 153

erina d'Orbigny ( 1826, p. 277, model no. 76) in globorolaloidea Colom. In 1959, Blow described a having a pitted mostl y non-spinose wa ll structure. new species of Globorolalia (G. acoslaellsis Blow) from the uppermost Miocene of Venezuela. Dr. G . DISCUSSION Cola m has kindly sent topotype specimens of "Glo­ Related or synonymous fo rms now assigned to bigerina" globorolaloidea to the senior author and Neogloboquadrilla in c Iud e "Globigerilla" eggeri comparisons of these with the speci mens of Globo­ Rhumbler ( 1901 ) and "Globigerilla" subcrelacea rolalia acoslaellsis indicate that they are the same Lomnicki ( 190 I ) . Parker has shown convincin g species. Parker ( 1964) noted the marked similarity evidence ( 1962) of gradations between these species of "G loboquadrill a" dUl erlrei, G loborolalia acosla­ and she has placed them together in synonymy with ellsis, and Globorolalia globorolaloidea . Neoglobo­ "Globoquadrilla" dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) . Other quadrilla dulerlrei (d'Orbigny) may be separated authors ( Band y, in press, a; Ingle, 1966a) in the from G loborolalia globorolaloidea by the enl arge­ past have preferred to refer to these forms as sep­ ment of the umbilicus in the later Miocene and Pli­ arate species because most of the members of any ocene ( Pl ate 14, fi gs. 1-2). give n population can often be assigned to one of T he umbi li cal-extraumbilical apertural character these variant s. and the wa ll st ruct ure suggest the genus Globo­ The original specimens of "G lobigerill a" dulerlrei rOlalia could be used for aeoslaellsis, globorolal­ we re from Cuba, Martinique and G uadalupe; the oidea, and dulerlrei. The latter (dlilerlrei) has lectotype of Banner and Blow ( 1960) compares been placed in Globigerilla usuall y, in Globoquad­ favorabl y with specimens in sa nd samples from the rilla ( Parker, 1962, 1964; Ujiie, 1963; Ujiie and G ul f of Batabano ( Bandy, 1964b) , Cuba. Youn g Kagawa, 1963) , and in Globorolalia (Bolli , 1964; or small Cuban specimens of HG." dlil erlrei com­ Reiss and G virtzman, 1964; Bolli and Bermudez, pare rather well with the ori ginal illustrati on of 1965; Bolli , 19 66a, 1966b) . Within the Miocene, d'Orbigny; larger forms of the species assume more there do appear to be gradati onal fo rms between chambers per whorl and have a larger and deeper these indicating a geneti c relati onship. umbilicus. About 99 % of these specimens have The hig hl y vari able character of the group in the toothli ke umbilical Haps, or an indication of them later Miocene is well demonstrated in the detailed on one or more chambers; this is essentiall y true of study of the Tortonia n by Cita, Premoli Sil va, and most other tropical populations. It is the opinion Rossi ( 1965). T he fo rms illustrated there as "Glo­ of the authors that Parker's conclusions are fully bigerilla" globorolaloidea Colom compare favorably justified and that the various forms are no more with topotypes; and it should be noted that there is than subspecies, if that, based upon the usual tax­ a suggesti on of a lip along the base of the aperture onomic princi ples. in topotypes of the species and in the original illus­ Bradshaw (1 959) considered the higher spired trati ons by Colom (1954). eggeri type to be most characteristic of a warm water fa una and the juve nil e type, with small er low DEVELOPM ENT AND G EOLOGIC spired tests, characteristi c of the cool water environ­ SIG NIFICANCE OF NEOGLOBOQUA DR1NA ment. However, both small and large forms occur Expansion of the umbilicus was the initial stage in both cool and wa rm water areas in bottom sed i­ of development of N . dllfertrei (d'Orbigny) from ments and both hi gh and low spired forms occur in Globorolalia globorolaloidea (Colom ). This fe a­ tropical coll ections of this study. Further, those ture is shown by comparing the ori ginal illustra­ with umbilical Haps (typical dlilerlrei ) show both tions of Colom (1954) with the lectotype of Neo­ high and low spired variants and from about 5 to globoquadrilla dulerlrei fig ured by Banner and Blow about 7 chambers in the fin al whorl ; those with no ( 1960 ) . A topotype of G. globorolaloidea is illus­ umbi li cal fl aps show similar kinds of variati ons. trated on pl ate 14, fi g. I; a speci men of N. dulerlrei, T ropical specimens referred to the subspecies illustrated on plate 14, fig. 2, is from the Lower dulerlrei have about 10% more pores per unit area Pliocene of Panay ( Bandy, 1962, 1963a, 1963 b). than those from cool waters, a relati onship reported In neither the ancestral form nor in the earl y rep­ by Wiles ( 1965) fo r this same group under the resentatives of N . dulerlrei is there a suggestion of name eggeri in his study of glacial and interglacial dental-like umbilical fl aps. sections of deep-sea cores. In addition, the cool It is suggested that "Globigerilla" suberelacea water subspecies subcrelacea has a thicker wa ll as­ Lomnicki be retained as a subspecies of N . dulerlrei sociated with the decrease in pore concentrati on. (d'Orbigny) for those populations which essentiall y lac k apertural or umbili cal fl aps. Lomnicki ( 190 I ) ORIG IN OF NEOGLOBOQUA DRINA studied specimens from the Upper Miocene of In the later Miocene beds of Mallorca, Colom Wieliczka, Poland ; these we re in large part the basis ( 1954 ) found populati ons of pl anktonic foraminif­ for his species suberelacea. There is no indication era which incl uded a new species, "Globigerilw" of fl aps in these upper Miocene forms. He included 154 B A N DY. FRERI CH S. A ND VI NCE N T- NEO(a.. OUOQVADRI NA. GEN . NOV . as a synonym the Recent fo rm ill ustrated as "Glo­ form of subcretacea. Most populations of the later higerilla cretacea" by Brady (1884) ; however, Miocene-Pliocene interval noted have this form and Brady's specimens were from off the Ki Islands and usually about 5 chambers in the final whorl, like Parker has shown (1962) that populations from this Lomnicki's species, justifying their retention as locality are characterized by umbilical flaps. These N eogloboquadrilla durertrei (d'Orbigny) subspecies with flaps are referred to N eogloboquadrina duter­ slIbcretacea (Lomnicki). trei subspecies dutertrei. Geologicall y, N eogloboquadrilla dlltertrei s. I. It is interesting to note that specimens of "Glo­ lacks toothlike apertural flaps in the later Miocene, bigerilla eggeri" from the type locality (Recent) during most of the Pliocene, and then the tropical appear to have umbilical flaps (Parker, 1962) in populations began developing umbilical flaps te: some cases and not in others. The location, near ward the end of the Pliocene (text fig. 1). No fl'-ps Juan Fernandez Island, far off the coast of Chile were noted in a re-examination of Pliocene speci­ (33 ' 42'S, 78 ' 18'W), is near or in the transition mens (Plate 14, fig . 2) of the Philippine samp. s area between the tropical populations of dutertrei studied earlier (Bandy, 1963a), none is present i .. (with umbi lica l flaps) on the north and those with the Pliocene populations of the Los Angeles Basin, no umbilical flaps on the south. Cruise 17 of the none is noted in the Pliocene of Italy (Wezel, R/ V ANTON BRUUN made a north-south transect 1964), and they are not shown in the Pliocene to a point just south of Juan Fernandez in 1966. form from the Mohole (Parker, 1964) or in sample Collections obtained along this profile corroborate fractions examined by the author from the Mohole. this transition from the tropical to temperate forms Development of toothlike umbilical flaps in N. of N . dutertrei. Most of these forms near Juan dutertrei is recorded in the Lower Pleistocene core Fernandez have a rather flat dorsal spire like the segments of the tropical A tl antic (Plate 14, fig. 3),

S LATITUDE N 40 20 0 20 40 o i-= ~ « U) => W a ..Ja.. ~3 X w z a: w In >- u eli 0:: 0 a:: ..J >- « a.. 9 I- w """" " """" " 0:: z W w t u GLOBOROTALIA I- o GLOBOROTALOIDEA ::::!! DUTERTREI DUTERTREI (TOOTHLIKE APERTURAL FLAPS)

DUTERTREI SUBCRETACEA (NO TOOTHLIKE APERTURAL FLAPS) TEXT FIGURE 1 Origin and development of Neugloboquadrilla dutertrei (d'Orbigny) subspecies subcretacea (Lom­ nicki) without umbilical flaps in the later Miocene from Globorotalia globorotaloidea (Colom) and of the development of Neog/oboquadrilla dutertrei subspecies dutertrei with umbilical flaps in the later Pli­ ocene of tropical areas. Radiometric age for the Quaternary is based upon the work of Obradovich (1965); the 9-mill ion-year date for the Miocene-Pliocene boundary is based upon K-A dates (Yeats, 1965; Bandy, Ingle, and Frerichs, in press). One of these dates (9.9 million years) is from near the top of the Miocene at Ma laga Cove, southern California (Geochron R0536) , just below the SPHAE­ ROIDINELLA DEHISCENS DATUM there (Bandy, in press, b; Ingle, 1966b). CONTRI B U T IO N S FROM THE C USHi\I AN F O U NDATI ON F O R F O RAM I N IFF.RA L RE SE A R C H 155

in Pleistocene populati ons from the Naganuma For­ SU MMARY AND CONCLUSIONS mati on of Japan (Ujii6 and Kagawa, 1963, pI. 46, Globorotalia globorotaloidea (Colom ) gave rise fi g. 9c), and in Pleistocene and Recent samples to N eogloboquadrilla dutertrei (d'Orbigny) sub­ from many parts of tropical areas. Modern fo rms species subcretaeea (Lomnicki) in the later Mi­ from Cuba, Panama, the Andaman Sea, and three ocene. This transition involved primaril y the ex­ from the Mozambique Channel ( Plate 14, fi gs. 6- pansion of the umbi licus and the change from an 12) illustrate some of tbe variation in the develop­ extraum bilical aperture to one that is more umbil­ i ca ~ in position. Forms fi gured as dutertrei from ment of umbilical flaps in these tropical forms re­ Ea rl y and Middle Miocene beds belong to otber ~ rr e d to as N eogloboquadrilla dutertrei subspecies globorotaloids. ddJertrei. Populations from these areas and from Nea r the end of the Pliocene, toothlike umbilical oth ,r tropical areas of the Atlantic and Pacific have fl aps began to appear in tropical popul ati ons but unloilical toothlike fl aps in more than 90 percent of not in the cool temperate areas. T his evolutionary )"e cases examined. From 50 to 100 speci mens dichotomy provides a va luable strati graphic level , we re examined in many samples and it is often and the two populations now serve to identify dif­ difficult to find any tropical specimens with a com­ fe rent water masses. Development of umbili cal plete lack of umbilical fl aps on at least one of the fl aps in N eogloboquadrilla has produced an iso­ chambers of tbe fin al whorl. The fla ps do not ap­ morph of the Eocene-to-Recent genus Globoquad­ pear full y developed on all of the chambers of the rilla; the two genera have different origins and ex­ fi nal whorl. In many tropical specimens there are emplify evolutionary conve rgence. well-developed fl aps on the last two or three cham­ A bioseries showing the development of umbilical bers of the fin al whorl; other specimens Jack fl aps fl aps in tropical popul ations of Neogloboquadrilla on the final chamber or two, having one small dutertrei in later Pliocene time is the basis for a tootblike fl ap on the antepenultimate chamber. It datum; howeve r, pseudobioseri es may be demon­ is necessary to exa mine carefull y the umbilical strated today from cool temperate areas toward the margins of the last four cbambers to determine the tropics. Further, at any time after the initial devel­ presence or absence of these toothlike features. opment of umbilical fl aps in tropical areas, expan­ There are essentiall y no toothlike fl aps in popu­ sions of tropical conditions during interglacial times lations of Neogloboquadrilla dllt ertrei subspecies of the Quaternary could easil y result in the super­ subcretaeea from the later Miocene of southern position of tropical popul ations above cool-water California, from the Pliocene of California, from populati ons, thus provid ing another type of pseudo­ the Pleistocene of California, or from the Recent bioseries in these expanded geographic zones. Fail­ core segments from the offshore basins studied re­ ure to recognize and distinguish between true and cently (Band y, in press, a) . A specimen from the false cases of bioseri es may contribute to serious area of the cold Peru Current ( Pl ate 14, fig . 4) in errors in correlati on. the southern hemisphere and one from the northern It was noted by Wil es (1965) that there was a hemisphere in the area off southern Cali fornia hi gh pore concentrati on in "Globigerilla eggeri" (Pl ate 14, fi g. 5) are representati ve of these popu­ during interglacial ages and a low pore concentra­ lations which have no umbilical toothlike fl aps. ti on in specimens of thi s species for the gl acial Counts of 100 specimens show onl y one or two per­ ages. Similarl y, N . dutertrei dlltertrei has more than cent of specimens with fain t indicati ons of small 10 % more pores per uni t area than most specimens fl aps. A number of samples we re exami ned from of N . dlltertrei suberetaeea. T he decrease in pore the coll ecti ons of the USNS ELTANIN betwee n 33 concentrations is usuall y associated with a tbicken­ and about 45 degrees south latitude; 90 to 100% of ing of the wa ll itself. Thus, temperature increase is the specimens of Neogloboquadrilla dutertrei are correlated wi th the development of umbilical tootb­ without umbilical fl aps, especiall y in the Peru Cur­ like fl aps, an increase in pore conce ntrati ons, and a rent. In the nortbern Paci fi c, the transition from thinning of the wall. Conversely, temperature de­ tropical fo rms (with umbilical fl aps) to temperate crease is correlated with a reducti on in umbilical forms (without fl aps) is off Baja Cali fo rni a. fl aps, a decrease in pore conce ntrati ons, and an in­ Regarding coiling characteristics, essentiall y all crease in the thickness of the wall. Tbese criteria Pliocene and Quaternary populations of N eoglobo­ should be helpful in paleoclimati c analyses of Qua­ quadrilla dutertrei are dextrall y coiled whether they ternary deep-sea cores. are with or without umbilical fl aps. Less than one Radiometric data (Band y, in press, b ) suggest percent are sinistrall y coi led. However, sinistral that well-devel oped forms of N eogloboquadrina ap­ populati ons occur in tbe later Mioce ne of soutbern peared somewhat over 9 million years 'ago, below California (Ingle, 1966b) and in the ve ry basal the SPHAEROIDINELLA DEHISCENS DATUM Pliocene and upper Miocene of Venezuela (Bolli , (Band y, 1963b, 1964a); tropical populations began 1964 ) . developing umbilical fl aps about 3 or 4 .million 156 BANDY. FRERICHS. AND VlNCENT-NEOGLOBOQUADRINA. GEN. NOV. years ago and are now characterized by these tooth­ to Recent: Eclogae Geol. Helv., Vol. 57, no. like structures. 2, p. 541-552. Phylogenetic evaluations of many foraminiferal BOLLI, H. M. , 1966a, Tbe planktonic foraminifera stocks are needed to detect other cases of iso­ in well Bodjonegoro-I of Java: Eclogae Geol. morphism. Helv., Vol. 59, no. 1, p. 449-465. BOLLI, H. M., 1966b, Zonation of Cretaceous to REFERENCES Pliocene marine sediments based on planktonic BANDY, 0 . L., 1962, Cenozoic foraminiferal zona­ foraminifera: Ven. Geol. Min. Petrol., Bol. tion and basinal development for part of the Inf., Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 3-32. Philippines: Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., BOLLI, H. M., LOEBLICH, A. R. , JR., and TAPPAN, Vol. 46, no. 2, p. 260. H., 1957, Planktonic foraminiferal families BANDY, 0. L., 1963a, Cenozoic planktonic foram­ Hantkeninidae, Orbulinidae, Globorotaliidae iniferal zonation and basinal development in and Globotruncanidae: U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. the Philippines: Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. 215, p. 97-123. Geol., Vol. 47, no. 9, p. 1733-1745. BOLLI, H. M., and BERMUDEZ, P. J. , 1965, Zonation BANDY, 0. 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LOEBLICH, A. R., JR., and TAPPAN, H., 1964, Sar­ Neogene stratigraphy of Israel : 3rd. Neogene codina, chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foram­ Congress, Bern, pre print (in press), p. 1-19. iniferida: Lawrence, Kansas Univ. Press and RH UMBLER, L. , 1901 , Foraminiferen: In: Brandt. Geol. Soc. America, Treatise on invertebrate K. , Nordische Plankton. Kiel, Lipsius und paleontology, Part C, Protista 2, v. I, p. i-xxxi, Tischer, Lief. I, Art. 14, p. 1-32. 1-510a; v. 2, p. 511-900, 653 text figs. UJIIE, HIROSHI , 1963 , Planktonic foraminifera from LOMNtCKt, 1. R., VON, 1901 , Einige Bemerkungen the Naganuma Formation, Kanagawa Prefec­ zum Aufsatz: die Miodinen Foraminiferen in ture, Japan: Nat. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo), Bull., der Umgebung von Kolomea : Naturf. Ver. Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 378-404. Berlin, Bd. 39 (1900) , Abh., p. 17. UJII E, HIROSHI , and KAGAWA , EIKO, 1963 , Plank­ OBRADOVtCH, J. D. , 1965, Age of marine Pleistocene tonic foraminifera from the Naganuma For­ of California: Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., mation, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan: Nat. Sci. Bull., Vol. 49, no. 7, p. 1087. Mus. (Tokyo), Bull., Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 328-345. D'ORBtGNY, ALc lDE, 1826, T ableau Methodique de WADE, M., 1964, Application of the lineage concept la c1asse des Cephalopodes: Ann. Sci. Nat., to biostratigraphic zoning based on planktonic Paris, ser. I, tome 7, p. 96-314. foraminifera: Micropaleontology, Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 273-290. D'ORBtGNY, ALclDE, 1839, Foraminiferes: ill de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, p. 1-224. WEZEL, F. c., 1964, 11 Pliocene e Pleistocene di S. Michele di Ganzaria (Catania): Riv. Ital. Pa­ PARK ER, F. L. , 1962, Planktonic foraminiferal spe­ leont., Vol. LXXX, no. 2, p. 307-380. cies in Pacific sediments: Micropaleontology, WIL ES, W. W., 1965, Pleistocene changes in the Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 219-254. pore concentration of a planktonic foraminif­ PARKER, F. L., 1964, Foraminifera from the experi­ eral species from the Pacific Ocean: Abstracts, mental Mohole drilling near Guadalupe Island, Internat. Assoc. Quaternary Res., VII Inter­ Mexico: Jour. Paleontology, Vol. 38, no. 4, national Congr., Aug. 30-Sept. 5, p. 508. p. 617-636. YEATS , R. S., 1965, Pliocene seaknoll at South POKORNY, V., 1958, Grundziige der zoologischen Mountain, Ventura Basin, California: Amer. Mikropalaontologie: Berlin, Bd . I, p. 1-582. Assoc. Petrol. Geo!., Bull., Vo!. 49, no. 5, p. REISS , Z., and GVIRTZMAN , G ., 1964, Subsurface 526-546. 158 BANffiRJ I- NE:W SPECI E S FHOM VRIDH ACHAL Al\i

CONTRIBUTIONS F ROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH VOLUME XVIII, PART 4, OCTOBE R 1967 338. NEW SPECIES OF UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA FROM THE LOWER ARIYALUR STAGE OF VRIDHACHALAM AND PONDICHERRY, INDIA RAN JIT K. BANERJI' Department of Geology and Geoph ysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

ABSTRACT presence of a rich microfauna, consisting predom­ The stra ta o f the Lower Ariyalu r S tage ( Uppe r Creta­ ceous) of Vridhacha la m a nd Pond icherry have y ielded a inantl y of small er Foraminifera. Most of tbese rich assembl age of smaller F o ra m ini fera . The present forms were previ ously reported from the various paper deals with the descr iption and illustration of seven Upper Cretaceous formations of North America, ne w benthonic species (arenaceous a nd calcareous types) recorded from this stage. These are: Textularia a riyalur­ Trinidad, Europe, Middle East, Australi a, and Tiru­ er:sh,. , Anomalinll nllldraszi, Anomalina 8ubmndraszi. A n­ chirapalli dislrict of India, but these are, by and orn alina vrhlhachalens ls, Ciblcldes blanford 1, Clblcides large, new to these two areas under study. The I'urobi and H eterolelm I)ondl. Their s ize variation in dif­ ferent lIiostra tig raphlc zones is a lso noled. present paper deals onl y with the systemati c de­ scription and illustration of tbe followi ng seven new INTRODUCTION bentbonic species recorded from the Lower Ariyalur The study of the Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera Stage of Vridhachalam and Pondicherry areas: from the Lower Ariyalur Stage (?Upper T uronian­ Textularia ariyalurellsis Cibicides blallfordi Coniacian to Lower Maestrichtian ) of Vridhach­ A 1l 0l11 alilla l11 adraszi Cibicides purobi alam and Pondicherry has largely been neglected in A 1l 0l11 alilla subl11 adraszi H eterolepa pOlldi the recent literature. The author in 1960 undertook A Il omalilla vridlUl chalensis the detailed study of Foraminifera from this stage T he genus H eterolepa is recorded for the first for tbe biostratigraphic interpretations of the Cre­ time from this part of the subcontinent and is rep­ taceous deposits of Vridhachalam and adjoining resented by H eterolepa pOlldi, n. sp. One new areas of Pondicherry. Based on the vertical distri­ pl anktonic species recorded from tbese areas, Glo­ bution of the pl anktonic and benthonic forms of botrullcalla vridhaclwlellsis Banerji , is described Foraminife ra, the Lower Ariya lur Stage, which was elsewbere along with another Globotrullcalla fauna earlier descri bed as a single uni form formation, is ( Banerji, 1966a). subdi vided into five biostratigraphic Zones and two sub-Zones (Banerji, 1964, 1965) . These zones and their geologic ages are : SAMPLE LOCALITIES E. Globotrullcalla lilllleialla tricarillata Zone T he rock samples were coll ected by the author (Upper Campani an to Lower Maestrichtian ) during the fi eld seasons of 1960-61 and 196 1-62 D. Globotrullcalla globigerilloides Zone from an aggregate area covering approximately 130 Globotrullcall a velltricosa sub-Zone sq. kms. north of Vridhacbalam ( II °31' : 79 ° 19'20") (Upper Campanian ) and northwest of Pondicherry ( 11 ° 56' : 79 ° 50') . In Globotrull calla l11 argillata sub-Zone the Vridbachalam area, the Lower Ariyalur Stage, (Lower Campanian ) consisting of fossiliferous, hard, greyish to yellow­ C. Globotrullcalla cOll cavata Zone (Santonian ) ish-brown arenaceous limestone, calcareous sand­ stone and sa nd y shale, lies unconformabl y over the B. Globotrullcal1a lilllleiana coroll ata Zone Archaean gneisses and granitic gneisses, etc. It is, (Coniacian) in turn, overl ain by fi ne- to medium-grained white A. Unfossi liferous Sandstone Zone sandstone, sand y clay and calcareous nodules, with­ (?Upper T uronian to Lower Coniacian) out any megafossil , this constituting the U pper Other biostrati graphic detail s have been pub­ Ariya lur Stage ( Middle to Upper Maestrichtian). lished elsewhere (I966a, b). In Pond icherry, the Lower Ari yalur Stage appears T his work was undertaken primaril y for the pur­ to be directl y overl ain by the Cuddalore Sandstone pose of contributing to the knowledge of the occur­ of Upper Miocene-?Pliocene age. rence and distribution of the Upper Cretaceous Fo­ T he rock samples which have yielded the Foram­ raminife ra in these areas. The study reveals the inife ra and to which reference is made in this report have been collected from the following 1 P resent address: R esea rch & Training Ins titute. Oil & !\'at urul Gas Commission, Deh ra Dun. India . localities: CONTRI BUTIONR FROl\1 THI<::; ClIR Hl\I AN P OUNDATI ON P O R l"ORAl\IIN IPERAL RE S I ~AR C H 159

A. Vridhachalam area Specimens from- ( 11 ' 31'N : 79 ' I5'E and 11 ' 46'N : 79 ' 25'E) (a) Clobo/rlillcalla /illlleialla corOlla/a Zone Patti ( II ' 33 '20"N : 79 ' 15'30"E) measure: length from 0.54 mm. to 0.58 mOl .; thick­ Adikaripatti (11 ' 30'00"N: 79 ' 15'50"E) ness from 0.16 0101. to 0.18 0101. ; width from Reddikuppam (II ' 28'00"N : 79 ' 16'30"E) 0.44 0101. to 0.46 0101 .; average length/ thickness Killanur ( II ' 39'30"N : 79 ' 18'40"E) ratio: 3.29; average length/ width ratio: 1.24. Chendamangalam (11 ' 44'30"N : 79 ' 20'00"E) (b) Clobolrullcalla cOllcava/a Zone measure: length from 0.56 mm. to 0.62 mm.; thickness B. Pondicherry Area from 0.18 to 0.20 0101.; width from 0.48 0101. to (ll' 55'N: 79 ' 40'Eand 12' 05'N : 79 ' 50'E) 0.50 mOl .; average length/ thickness ratio: 3.10; Tutipet ( II ' 58'45"N : 79 ' 43'30"E) length/ width ratio: 1.20. Karasur ( II ' 59'00"N : 79 ' 44'30"E) (c) C lobolrllllcwu/ margillala sub-Zone meas­ Royapudupakam (I2' 02'00"N: 79 ' 48'25"E) ure: length from 0.50 mOl . to 0.54 0101. ; thick­ ness from 0.16 mm. to 0.18 0101.; width from ACKNOWLEDG M ENTS 0.46 mm. to 0.48 mm.; average length/ thickness The author is indebted to Dr. T. C. Bagchi , Pro­ ratio: 3.06; average length/ width ratio: 1.10. fessor of Geology, Indian Institute of Technology, R elllarks.- This species is characterized by the Kbaragpur, for providing all facilities for the pres­ broad compressed test that increases rapidly in ent study, guidance, and for reviewing the manu­ width with a corresponding increase in width of the script. Sincere thanks are due to Dr. Barun K. Sen chambers but with very little change in their height, Gupta for many critical suggestions and for check­ fl attened aperiural face, depressed sutures and cres­ ing the systematic position of some of the forms cent-shaped aperture without any lip. recorded from this stage. A research scholar­ This species seems to be restricted to the Coni­ ship, other field grants and laboratory facilities acia n (Globo/rullcG JlG lilllleitlll{l corOlla/a Zone), provided by the authorities of the Institute are Santonian (Clobolrill/calla cOllcavala Zone) and duly acknowledged. Lower Campanian (Clabo/rill/calla margillala sub­ Zone) of Vridhachalam. The forms of Santonian SYSTEMATIC DESC RIPTIONS age are larger, those of Coniacian are more elon­ The systematic classification of Foraminifera as gated in comparison to their width and thickness, adopted in this report is after Loeblich and as is evident from the form ratios. This species be­ Tappan (1964). comes more compressed and stout during the Lower Campanian times. The name of the species is after Order FORAMINIFERIDA Eichwald, 183 0 the town Ariya lur (Tiruchirapalli district) , the type , Suborder TEXTULARIINA Delage and area for the Ariyalur Formation in India. Herouard, 1896 Occllrrellce.-The holotype (VFN 1/12/ 28) is Superfamily LlTUOLACEA de Bl ain ville, 1825 from the Globotrwlca lla margillata sub-Zone, ex­ Family TEXTULARIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838 posed near (south of) the village of Patti, Vrid­ Subfamily TEXTULARllNAE Ehrenberg, 1838 hachalam . Other recorded specimens are from the Genus Textularia Defrance, I SH C 10 bo lrllllCalla lilllleialla cor ollala Zone and C lobo­ Genotype: T exllIlaria sagillllia Defrance, 1824, IrllIIC(IIU/ COIIC

north of the village of Chendamangalam. Other and Chendamangalam) and Pondicherry (locali­ types are described from the same Zone, exposed ties: Tutipet and Karasur) . near the village of Patti. This species seems to be restricted to beds of Santonian age in Yridhachalam. Superfamily ORBITOIDACEA Schwager, 1876 No record was obtained from the Pondicherry area Family C IBIC IDIDAE C ushman, 1927 except for a few broken and doubtful specimens, Subfamily C IBIC IDINAE Cushman, 1927 hence this species is named after Yridhachalam. G enus Cibicides Montfort, 180 Genotype: Cibicides re/ulgells De Montfort, 1808, Gcnus Hctcrolcpa Franze nau, 1884 p. 122 Genotype: Helerolepa simplex Franzenau, 1884, Cibicides blanfordi Banerji, n . sp. p. 214 Plate 15, fi gures II, 12, 13 Hcterolepa pondi Banerji , n . sp. Shape 0/ lile lesl.-Free, trocbospiral, circular Plate 15, fi gures 14, 19, 20 and compressed, spiral side fl attened to slightly Slwpe 0/ Ih e lesl.- Free , trochospiral, rather cir­ convex, composed of three distinct whorls, slightly cul ar in outline, unequally biconvex to planocon­ concave at the center, umbilical side involute, rel­ vex, spiral side very little convex, evolute, com­ atively more convex with a central low rounded posed of two and a half distinct, slowly enlarging umbilicus, periphery smooth and very little lobu­ whorls with the central portions slightly raised, um­ late, edge rounded to subrounded; chambers dis­ bilical side highly convex, pyramidal, involute, with tinct, 9 in the last whorl, inflated, increasi ng slowl_ a central umbo surrounded by a deep groove, pe­ in the early portion, relatively more rapidly in later riphery subacute with a fine distinct nonperforate portion of the last whorl; sutures dist inct, smoothly keel ; chambers distinct, numerous, 10 in the last curved and depressed on the spiral side, relatively whorl, increasing very gradually but uniformly in less curved at the center and sweeping tangentially size as added, last chamber highly projecting on the at the periphery on the umbilical side; wall perfo­ umbilical side; sutures flu sh, limbate and rather in­ rate, radial in microstructure, aperture a restricted distinct in the early parts, depressed, distinct and low interiomarginal opening with a distinct lip at slightly curved in the later parts of the spiral side the base of the last chamber, sli ghtly extending and appear to be double in structure, radial, dis­ across the periphery on the spiral side. tinct, depressed and almost straight on the umbil­ Dimellsiolls.- The holotype measures 0.52 mm. ical side; wall smooth, finely perforate, granular in in di ameter and 0.22 mm. in thickness. Other speci­ microstructure; aperture interiomarginal, a low mens range from 0.50 mm. to 0.64 mm. in diam­ arched slit at the base of the last chamber, extend­ eter and from 0.26 mm. to 0.30 mm. in thickness. ing farther on the umbilical side and for some dis­ The average di ameter/ thickness ratio of the forms tance along the spiral side. recorded from the Globolrullca"a margillala sub­ Zone is 2.08, those of the Globolrllllcalla velllricosa Dimellsiolls.- The holotype measures 0.58 mm. sub-Zone 2.20, i.e., the forms become more com­ in diameter and 0.32 mm. in thickness . Other types pressed in the latter sub-Zone. The variation in the range up to 0.62 mm. in diameter, to 0.34 mm. in diameter/ thickness ratio (along with variations in thickness; average diameter/ thickness ratio: 1.90. the actual foraminiferal assemblage) may be help­ R emarks.-This species is characterized by it s ful in establishing two sub-Zones within the Globo­ unequally biconvex, trochospiral test with a distinct Irill/ cal/a globigerilloides Zone in the Vridhachalam nonperforate keel at the periphery, evolute spiral and Pondicherry areas. side with relatively numerous chambers, and invol­ Relllarks.-The distinguishing features of this ute umbilical side with radial and straight sutures. new species are the compressed test with a low The aperture is typical of Helerolepa, as described rounded umbilicus, curved and depressed sutures in by Loeblich and Tappan (1962, p. 72). The species the adult portion, and a small, restricted, typical is named after the town of Pondicherry from where Cibicides aperture that extends slightly onto the the holotype is described. spiral side. The sutures on the umbilical side near OcclIrrellce.-The holotype (PFN 3/16/ 87) is the periphery are very characteristic of this species. from the Globolrullcalla cOllcavala Zone of Pond i­ The name of this species is in honor of tbe late cherry, exposed near (west of) the village of H. F. Blanford of Geological Survey of India as a Tutipet. In Yridhachalam, it appears to be com­ tribute to his outstanding work (1858-65) on the mon in the Globolrllllcalla lilllleiallll corOllala Upper Cretaceous rocks of southern India. Zone, Globolrllllcalla cO l/cavala Zone and Globo­ OcclIrrell ce.- The holotype (YF 1/1 6/ 85 ) i IrllI/calla lilllleialla IricariJ/ala Zone and rare in the from the uppermost part of the G 10bolrllllcD II D Globolrlll/Cll/W globigerilloides Zone. This species velllricosa sub-Zone, exposed near (south of) the appears to range from the Coniacian to Lower village of Patti . This species is mostl y recorded Maestrichtian in Yridhachalam ( localities: Patti from the GlobolrllllCll/W globigerilloides Zone of 162 BANERJI- N EW SPE CJE S FROM VRI OHACHALAl\'l

the Vridhachalam and Pondicherry areas, but a very slightly lobulate in the later parts of the test, edge few specimens were recovered from the Globo­ smooth and rounded; chambers distinct, 10 in the trullCQIlQ COllcavllta and G /o botrUIJ ClIllQ lilllleiallll last whorl, inflated, increasing gradually but uni­ Iricarinala Zones of these areas. Important local­ formly in size as added, last-formed chamber dis­ ities for this species are Patti and Chendamangalam tinctly lobulate; sutures flush and limbate in the in the Vridhachalam and Karasur in the Pondi­ early portion of the test, distinct, depressed and cherry area. curved in the later portion, distinct, relatively less depressed and less curved on the umbilical side; Cibicides purobi Banerji , n. sp. wall coarsely perforate, radial in microstructure; Plate 15, fi gures 16, 17, 18 aperture a low opening at the base of the last Cf. Rosalil/a ammol/ oides REUSS, 1884, Geog. Skiz­ formed chamber, extending for some distance on zen Bohm., vol. 2, p. 214. the spiral side. Cf. Cibicides ammol/ oides (Reuss) TRUJILLO, 1960, Dimel/siol/s.-The holotype measures 0.45 mm. Jour. Paleontology, vol. 34, p. 335, pI. 48, in diameter and 0.24 mm. in thickness. Other figs. 8a-c. studied specimens range up to 0.65 mm. in diameter Shape of Ih e lesl.- Free, trochospiral, slightly and OJ 7 mm. in thickness; average diameter / thick­ oblong in shape, compressed near the periphery, ness ratio: 1.86. almost planoconvex, spiral side fl at to very little Remarks.-This species is characterized by a convex, composed of three distinct whorls, umbil­ compressed planoconvex test with the last chamber ical side more convex, with a very low umbonal distinctly lobulate, a low umbonal mass on the um­ boss, periphery smooth in the early parts and bilical side and characteristic interiomarginal Cib-

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 14 F~. P~E I. Globorolalia globoro/tlloidea (Colom), X 68. lA, Ventral view; I B, edge view; IC, dorsal view. This is a topotype submitted by Dr. Col om from the Upper Miocene of Mallorca...... 152 2. Neogloboqlladril/a dulerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. slIberelacea (Lomnicki), X 60. Ventral view. Specimen from the Lower Pliocene of Panay, Philippines, sample 3-1443 (Bandy, 1963a, 1963b). Note the absence of apertural or umbilical flaps...... 152 3. Neogloboqlladril/a dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp dlllerlrei (d'Orbigny) , X 44. Ventral view. Specimen from Lower Pleistocene of Vema core V 15-64 (134 cm.) in the Atlantic Ocean off Brazil (Ericson, Ewing, and Wollin, 1963) . Umbilical flap present on third from the last chamber...... 152 4. Neogloboqlladrilla dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. slIberelacea (Lomnicki) X 59. Ventral view. Recent specimen from a depth of 473 fathoms, USNS ELTANIN Petterson Grab 4-4 (32°48'S; 71 °51 'W). Note the lack of umbilical flaps on the chambers...... 152 5. Neogloboquadril/a dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. suberelacea (Lomnicki), X 68. Ventral view. Recent specimen from off southern California, AHF Station 4674 (10-15"), depth of water 872 fathoms (32°16.5'N; 119 °19.5'W) . Note the lack of umbilical fl aps ...... 152 6. Neogloboquadril/a dlllerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny) , X 60. 6A, Ventral view; 6B, edge view; 6C, dorsal view. Recent specimen from core 12B off Cuba (Bandy, 1964b) . Portions of umbilical toothlike flaps occur on the last chamber and on the fourth from the last chamber...... 152 7. Neogloboqlladril/a diller/rei (d'Orbigny) subsp. dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny), X 51. Ventral view. Re­ cent specimen from the Gulf of Panama, USNS ELTANIN Station 25 (4°51'N; 80 0 27'W). Note prominent umbilical flaps on last two chambers and weakly developed flaps on the earlier chambers...... •...... 152 8. Neogloboquadril/a dlllerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny), X 51. Ventral view. slightly oblique. Recent specimen from the Gulf of Panama ( Bandy and Arnal, 1957, H 139). Note the small apertural toothlike fl aps on the last two chambers...... 152 9. Neogloboqlladril/a dlllerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. dlllerlrei (d'Orbigny), X 55. Ventral view. Re­ cent specimen from the Andaman Sea (9°54'N ; 94°55'E). Note the toothlike umbilical flaps on the last three chambers...... 152 10. N eogloboquadrilla dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny), X 76. Ventral view. Re­ cent specimen from the southwestern Indian Ocean, R/ V ANTON BRUUN Station 3611 , Cruise 7, International Indian Ocean Expedition. Umbilical fl aps occur on the last two chambers...... _...... 152 11. Neogloboqlladril/a dulerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. dlllerlrei (d'Orbigny) , X 68. Ventral view. Same station as figure 10. Note the umbilical flap on the next to the last chamber...... 152 12. N eogloboquadril/a dlilerlrei (d'Orbigny) subsp. dlllerlrei (d'Orbigny), X 76. Ventral view. Re­ cent specimen from the southwestern Indian Ocean, R/ V ANTON BRUUN Station 385B, Cruise 7, International Indian Ocean Expedition. Umbilical toothlike flap on the last chamber. 152 CONTRIB. CUSHMAN FOUND. FORAM. RESEARCH, VOL. 18 PLATE 14

Bandy et al.: Neogloboquadfina, gen. nov. CONTRIB. CUSHMAN FOUND. FORAM. R ESEARCH, VOL. 18 PLATE 15

~ ~~:::' .. ' .:'.;;' l\ .. ,: .. '... ,. ~ . ,;..; .. :,.; ~ 3

2 4

6 8 10

7 9

II 13 15

12 14

17

16 18 19 20 Banerji: New species from Vridhachalam CONTRIBU TIONS FRO~I THE CUSHMAN F OUNDATI ON FOR F O R A MI N IFERA L RE SEARC H 163 icides type of aperture. This species is very similar Research, vol. 16, pI. 4, p. 141-143, pI. 1, to Cibicides ammolloides (Reuss) in shape, but dif­ table I. fers essentially from the latter in the above men­ ---, 1966a, The genus Clobo/rullcalla and bio­ tioned characters and also in having a large num­ stratigraphy of the Lower Ariyalur Stage (Up­ ber of chambers with a coarsely perforate wall per Cretaceous) of Vridhachalam, south India: in the last whorl. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, vol. 7, p. 51-69, 3 text­ Occurrence.- This species seems to be most figs., 3 pis., I table. abundantly distributed in all the zones and sub­ ---, 1966b, Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the zones of the Vridhachalam and Pondicherry areas. Lower Ariyalur Stage of Pondicherry and The holotype (VFN 1/19/ 86) is from the upper Vridhachalam areas: Seminar on Cretaceous­ part of the C lobo/runcalla vell/ricosa sub-Zone, ex­ Tertiary Formations of south India, Bangalore, posed near (south of) the village of Patti. The India, 7-9th June, 1966. geological range of this species appears to be from BLAN FORD, H . F., 1865, On the Cretaceous and the Coniacian to Lower Maestrichtian in the Vrid­ other rocks of the South Arcot and Trichin­ hachalam and Pondicherry areas of southern India. opoly districts: Geol. Surv. India, Mem., vol. 4, pt. I, p. 1-217. REFERENC ES LO EBLlCH, A. R., JR., and TAPPAN, H., 1962, The BANERJI , R. K. , 1964, Biostratigraphic study of foraminiferal genera Cibicides, He/erolepa, Upper Cretaceous, Lower Ariyalur Stage Fo­ Plallulilla and Holmall ella, new genus: Contr. raminifera from Vridhachalam and Pondi­ Cushman Found. Foram. Research, Vol. 13, cherry areas, south India: Ph.D. Dissert., un­ pt. 3, p. 71-73. published, Indian Institute of Technology, ---, and , 1964, In: Trea/ise Oil [llver/e- Kharagpur, 154 pp., 26 pi s. bra/e Paleon/ology, (Ed. R. C. Moore) , pI. C, - --, 1965, The genus Clalldulilla in the Upper Protista, Sarcodina chiefly "Thecamoebians" Cretaceous of Vridhachalam and Pondicherry, and Foraminiferida, vols. I, 2; Geol. Soc. south India: Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. America and U ni v. Kansas Press, C900 pp.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 15 FIGS. PAGE I. Tex/ularia ariyalurellsis Banerji, n. sp. Hypotype, side and apertural views, from C lo- bO/rlllI Calla lillllcialla corolla/a Zone, Chendamangalam, Vridhachalam. X 35 ...... 159 2. Tex/ularia ariyaillrell sis Banerji, n. sp. Holotype, side and apertural views, from Clo- bo/rullcalla margillala sub-Zone, Patti, Vridhachalam. X 35...... 159 3, 4, 5. A lI omalilla madraszi Banerji , n. sp. Holotype. 3, umbonal view. 4, edge view. 5, spi- ral view; from Clobo/rlll/c{///{/ lilllleialla /ricarilla/a Zone, Patti. X 35. . 159 6, 7, 8. Allomalilla submadraszi Banerji, n. sp. Holotype. 6, spiral view. 7, edge view. 8, um­ bonal view; from Clobo/TIIll calla lilllleialla /ricarilla/a Zone, Royapudupakam, Pondi- cherry. X 40...... 160 9, 10, 15. A lIomalilla vridhachalell sis Banerji, n. sp. Holotype. 9, edge view. 10, umbonal view. IS , spiral view; from C lobo/rtlllcalla cOllcava/a Zone, Chendamangalam. X 42. . 160 II, 12, 13 . Cibicides blanfordi Banerji, n. sp. Holotype. II, umbonal view. 12, edge view. \3, spiral view; from C lobo/rullcana vell/ricosa sub-Zone, Patti. X 35. . 161 16, 17, 18. Cibicides purob; Banerji, n. sp. Holotype. 16, umbonal view. 17, edge view. 18, spi- ral view; from C lobo/runcalla vell /ricosa sub-Zone, Patti. X 40. . 162 14, 19, 20. H e/erolepa pOlldi Banerji, n. sp. Holotype. 14, edge view. 19, umbonal view. 20, spi- ral view; from C lobo/rIIllCalla cOll cava/a Zone, Tutipet, Pondicherry. X 35. . 161 164 SAMAN'T'A- REVI S lON O F' D ISCOCYCLINIDAE

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH VOLUM E XVIII, PART 4, OCTOBER 1967 339. A REViSED CLASSIFiCATION OF THE FAMILY DlSCOCYCLINlDAE GALLOWAY BtMAL K . SAMANTA Department of Geology, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, U . K.

ABSTRACT the megalospheric forms the equatorial chambers F our ge n e ra-Dil'ico c~' c lilln . Asterocyclinn . •'"seudoJ)hraJ:' ­ are arranged in concentric annuli which are either mitm and Asterol'hrllJ:mina--are recogn ised in the famil y D iscocyclinidae Calloway, Subgene ri c division o f' any o f circular or stellate in outline. The radial walls of these gene I'll Is shown to be not practicable. the equatorial chambers may be complete, incom­ plete, absent or indistinct. When the radial cham­ CLASSIFICATORY CONSIDERATIONS ber walls are well developed, the chambers in equa­ The classification proposed here is a modified torial section may have rectangular, spatulate, or form of that presented by Cole in the Treatise 011 hexagonal shape, but usually the rectangular cham­ In vertebrate Paleontology. Asterophragmina Rao ber form dominates. Pseudopillars, formed by is raised to the generic rank on the postulation that thickening of the walls of the lateral chambers, the difference between Pseudophragmilla and A ster­ as well as true pillars are present. Usually they ophragmilla is essentially the same as that between project above the surface of the test as papillae Discocyclilla and Asterocyciina. Subgeneric divi­ or granules. sion of any of the four genera recognized here­ The chambers of the same annulus communicate Discocyclilla, Asterocyclilla, Pseudopllragl11illa and by means of annular stolons which in pairs pene­ Asterophragl11illa-is found to be impracticable. trate each radial chamber wall either proximally or Distinguishing features and distribution of the fam­ distally, one below the roof and the other above ily Discocyclinidae and its four genera are pre­ the floor of the equatorial chamber. Each equa­ sented below. torial chamber is connected by radial stolons with adjacent chambers in the next inner and the next Order FORAMINIFERA outer annulus. There are usually four such radial Family DISCOCYCLlNIDAE Galloway, 1928 stolons in each equatorial chamber. Increase in Type gellus.-Discocyclina Gumbel, 1868. number of radial stolons depends on the increase The test is discoidal, lenticular, biconvex, thin or in the height of the chambers. Vertical stolons con­ inflated, flat or curved. The outline is circular, nect the equatorial chambers with the lateral cham­ polygonal or stellate in plan view. The chambers bers. There are radial, vertical and oblique stolons are arranged in an equatorial layer which may be­ between the lateral chambers. The roofs and floors come multiple in parts of the shell. The equatorial of both the equatorial and the lateral chambers are layer is covered on both sides by layers of lateral finely perforated. A canal system mayor may not chambers which vary in shape, size and arrangement. be present. There is no marginal cord. The Discocyclinidae are dimorphic. In micro­ Distriblltioll.- The representatives of the family spheric forms the small subcircular initial cham­ Discocyclinidae are known to occur in tropic and ber is followed by a planispirally coiled nepionic temperate regions throughout the world. They stage. In some cases the nepiont consists of only a range in age from Middle Palaeocene (Danian is short spiral of arcuate chambers while in others regarded as belonging to Lower Palaeocene) to Up­ these arcuate chambers are followed by a spiral of permost Eocene. rows of tangentially elongate chambers with or R el11arks.-The origin of the Discocyclinidae is without an enveloping tendency during growth. not known. The postulation of a Nummulitid an­ The megalospheric embryonic apparatuses are bi­ cestor based on the superficial resemblance with locular, multilocular or multiple. The bilocular the heterosteginine group of forms is not supported embryonic apparatus consists of a subcircular first by any known phyletic link. Workers, who do not chamber partly or completely embraced by a large accept the presence of canals in the representatives second chamber. In case of multilocular embryonic of this family, suggest the derivation of the Disco­ apparatuses, the increase in number of the embry­ cyclinidae from a non-canaliculate ancestor belong­ onic chambers arises by the subdivision of either ing to the Discorbidea. the deuteroconch or the protoconch. The periem­ bryonic equatorial chambers mayor may not differ Genus Discocyclina Gumbel, 1868 from the later formed equatorial chambers. Type species.-Orbitlliites pratti Michelin, 1846. In the neanic stage of both the microspheric and The outline of the test is circular or quadrate in C ONTRI B U TION S FROM THE C U SHMAN F O ('N DATI ON F O R FORAl\HN I F~RAL Rl<~ S EAR C H 165

plan view. The equatorial chambers are si ngle­ papyracea ( Boubee) type to the A slerocyclilla slel­ layered throughout the test. The radial chamber laris (Brunner) type. walls are well developed and those in adjacent an­ nuli are either in ali gnment or alternate. The an­ Genus Asterocyclilla G(i mhcl, 1868 Type species.--Calcarilla (?) slellala d'Archiac, nul ar stolons are mostly situated at the proximal 1846. side of the chambers. In plan view, the test is circular, polygonal or Dislributioll.- Discocyclilla is the most widely stellate in outline. The rays are either prominent, distributed and best represented genus or" the fam­ extending from the centre to beyond the general il y. It ranges from Middle Palaeocene to Upper­ periphery of the test, or faint to absent on the sur­ most Eocene and occurs throughout the tropic and face, but always distinct in equatorial sections, at temperate regions of the world. In the region be­ least in its inner part. A multiplication of the tween southern Europe and India, the genus is rep­ equatorial chamber layer occurs along the rays. resented by fewer species in the Palaeocene and The radial chamber wall s are well developed and Lower Eocene but becomes abundant in the Middle alternate in adjacent annuli. T he annular stolons and Upper Eocene. In the Americas the genus are situated at the proximal side of the equato­ ranges from Palaeocene to Middle Eocene. It oc­ rial chambers. curs in Middle to Upper Eocene beds in the Indo­ Dislributioll .-A slerocye/illa ranges from Mid­ nesian region, while in the Central Pacific Islands dle Palaeocene to Upper Eocene. It is poorly rep­ it appears to be recorded only in Upper Eocene resented in Palaeocene to Lower Eocene beds. Its beds. In general, Discocye/illa is better represented occurrence in an horizon lower than Middle Eocene in the region between southern Europe and India appears to be restricted to the region between the than in the Americas. Mediterranean area and Western Pakistan. It is Remarks.- The synonymy prese nted by Cole is widel y distributed in the Middle and Upper Eocene accepted here. The subgeneric division into Disco­ rocks of Europe, Africa, Middle East, Pakistan, eye/ili a s.s. and A klillocye/illa has already been in­ India, East Indies and the Americas. In central dicated as not tenable (Samanta, 1965a, b). Pacific Islands the genus is restricted to Upper Comments will be made here regardi ng Bronni­ Eocene. In number of species it is more abundantly mann's (1946) attempt to retain Orbiloe/ypells Sil­ represented in the Americas than in the region be­ vestri as a valid genus. According to Bronnimann, tween southern Europe and India. the type species, O. himerellsis Si lvestri, is distin­ Remarks.-As the type of microspheric nepiont guished in having a circul ar protoconch completely recorded in ASlerocye/illa slellaris (Brunner) occurs surrounded by the larger deuteroconch and spatu­ also in representatives of the genus Discocye/illa late to more or less rectangular equatori al cham­ (see Schweighauser, 1953; Cole, 1964), there is no bers in a centered hori zont al secti on. It was further need for the postulati on that the two genera differ added th at in thick horizontal section and in tan­ from each other in the general structure of the genti al secti on of the equatorial chamber layer the equatorial chamber layer; i.e., they belong to two equatorial chambers are prominently hexagonal in different suprageneric groups. form. However, in the discocyclinids both these T he microspheric nepionts of only a very few features, namel y, the character of the megalospberic species of A slerocyclilla are known. As in Disco­ embryonic apparatus and tbe shape of the equa­ cye/illa, the microspheric nepionts in representatives torial chambers, are well-known to be too variable of the genus A slerocye/illa are also likely to vary to be used in supraspecific classification. Accord­ in structure; in some species it may be quite differ­ ingly, the morphological_ features of the megalo­ ent from the A . slellaris (Brunner) type. To check spheric generation of Si lvestri's form are not diag­ this the microspheric form of a species of A stero­ nostic enough to permit its separation from Disco­ cye/illa sucb as A . I/lariallllellsis (Cushman), whose eye/ilia. Again, species of Discocye/illa whose meg­ megalospheric form differs markedly from that of alospheric forms are similar to D. himerellsis are A. slellaris (Brunner), should be examined. found to possess microspheric nepionts different from those of D. himerellSis. Since in the disco­ Genus Pselldophragmina Douville, 192 3 cyclinids the difference in the structure of the mi­ Type species.-OrlllOphragmilla {loridalla Cush­ crospheric nepiont is not reflected in the morphol­ man, 191 7. ogy of the megalospheric ge neration, the use of the In plan view, the test is circular or quadrate in structure of the microspheric nepiont alone in outline. The equatorial chambers are single-lay­ supraspecific grouping is not practicable. It is im­ ered throughout the test. The radial walls of equa­ portant to pQint out here that in the representatives torial chambers may be complete, incomplete, ab­ of the genus Discocye/illa the structure of the mi­ sent or indistinct. The annular stolons are situated crospheric nepionts is found to vary from the D. at the distal side of the cbambers. 166 SAl\fANTA -H~V J S L ON OF DI SCOCYCLINIDAE

Dislribillioll.- The ge nus occurs in the Palae­ m i lia, the position of the annular stolons was re­ ocene to Upper Eocene beds of the Americas. Ac­ garded by Vaughan and Cole ( 1940, pp. 327-328) cording to Cole ( 1950, p. 371 ), the Palaeocene de­ to be the ollly distinguishing feature between Disco­ termination is not absolutely establi shed and may cyciilla s.1. and Pselldophragmilla s.1. The position represent Lower Eocene. The occurrence of the of radi al chamber wa lls in adjacent annuli was not genus in Upper Eocene beds of Western India was considered at that time by these authors to be of recently reported ( Mohan, 1962), but this has not any taxonomic significance. Earlier, Vaughan yet been supported by illustration or description. ( 1928, pp. 341-342) wrote : "I have had many spec­ R em arks.-A sler opllfagmilla Rao, which is in­ imens of Discocy clilla floridllllll prepared to show cluded under Pselidophragll1illll with doubt (Cole, the embryonic and equatorial chambers . . . . There 1964, p. c 715 ), is here raised to generic rank. As is vari ati on in the relation of the chamber walls of concerns the subgeneric division of Pselldophrag­ adjacent rings, they may alternate or they may be milia into ProporocyC/ilJa , Pseudophragmina 5 .S., in alignment. 1 examined many speci mens and fig­ and Alhecocyciilla, it follows clearl y from the ures of Discocyciillll with reference to this feature. statement made by Vaughan (I 945, p. 68) that the Even the ori ginal fi gures of GrUmbel (op. Slip. degree of degenerati on of the radial chamber walls eil .) show variation." cannot serve as a satisfactory basis for subgeneric It is interesting to point out here that Vaughan separati on. A complete intergradation between and Cole have frequently changed their opinion these three subgenera of Pselidophragmillll indicates regarding the genus Pselldophragll1illa Douville. In that this subgeneric di vision should not be retained. 1928, Vaughan argued that the features mentioned by Douville, i.e ., the degeneration of the radial Genus Asterophragmina Rao, 1942 chamber walls and their position in adjacent an­ T ype species.- Pse lldophragmilla (A sler ophrllg­ nuli, are not sufficiently diagnostic for the erection milia ) pllgoda Rao, 1942. of the genus Pselidophragll1illll. Then, in 1940, Tn pl an view, the test is stellate in outline, with Vaughan and Cole recognised it as a valid genus rays radi ating from the centre to the periphery. and postulated that the basic difference between T he rays are distinct in equatori al secti ons and are Discocyciilla and Pse lldophragmilla li es in the po­ regarded to be produced by the equatorial cham­ sition of the annular stolons. In 1945 Vaughan bers, as in A Sler ocyciilla. T he radi al walls of the changed hi s opinion and stated that the di ffe rence equatori al chambers are poorly developed and are in the position of the radial walls of equatorial mostl y indistinct or absent. When complete, the chambers in adjacent annuli constitutes the basic radial walls alternate in adjacent annuli. The an­ diffe rence between the Discocyciilla s. 1. and Pse udo­ nular stolons are situated on the distal side of phragmilla s.1. T his presented difficulty in recog­ the chambers. nisin g A sler ophragll1 illa (with alternating chamber Dislribillioll.-The genus ASler ophrllgmillll Rao walls) as a subgenus of Pseudophragmilla. The is so far recorded from the Upper Eocene of distal position of the annular stolons and the de­ Burma only. ge neration of the radial walls in A Sl er ophragmilla, R em arks.- In the Treatise, Cole ( 1964, p. c 715 ) on the other hand, do not permit its incl usion under remarked that A Slerophragmilla Rao was "Possibl y D iscocycii lla s. 1. In other words, A Sler ophragll1 illa a defecti ve specimen of A Sl er ocyciilla." The onl y does not fit satisfactoril y in their scheme of classifi­ reason for ex pressing this doubt about the validity cation. This resulted in Cole's suggesti on that A s­ of A sler ophragll1illa Rao seems to be the coexist­ l er ophragmilla Rao is based on defecti ve speci­ ence of distall y situated annular stolons and alter­ mens of ASler ocyciilla. nating radi al chamber wall s in adj acent annuli in In the opinion of the writer, the position of radial Rao's form. According to both Vaughan (I 945 , p. chamber walls varies considerably in the representa­ 69) and Cole (1950, p. 372) these two features do ti ves of Discocyclinidae and so cannot serve as a not coexist in the representati ves of the fa mil y Dis­ reli able basis for supraspecific grouping in this cocyclillidae. T wo points should be mentioned in fa mil y. The position of the annular stolons is a this conection . Firstl y, A Sler ophragmillll Rao was more stable featu re and is found to be most useful not based on a single specimen, but upon 19 speci­ in di stinguishing the Discocyciilla and ASler ocyciillll mens. Both centered equatorial and vertical sec­ group (with proximal annular stolons) from the tions were examined, and two centered equatori al Pseudophragmilla and A sl erophragll1illa g r 0 u p sections were illustrated (Rao, op. cil., pI. 1, fi g. 3, (with distal annular stolons). and pI. 2, fi g. I ) . Although the writer feels that a more thorough study of Rao's form is required fo r ACKNOWLEDGMENT better understand ing of this interesting ge'nus, up to Thanks are due to Dr. John R. H aynes of the now there is no evidence to support Cole's remark . University College of Wales for reading the Secondly, in 1942, when Rao created A Sler ophrllg- manuscript. CONTRIBU TIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN F OUNDATION FOR F OR AMI N IFE R A L R ESF. A R CH 167

REFERENCES CITED SAMANTA , B. K., 1965a, Asterocyclina from the Up­ BRONNIMANN, P., 1946, Zur Frage der verwand ~­ per Eocene of Assam, India: Contrib. Cush­ schaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen Discocyc­ man Found. Foram. Research, v. 16, pp. 22- lina S.s. und A sterocyclina: Ec1og. Geol. Hel­ 26, pI. 1. vetiae, v. 38, pp. 579-615, pis. 21 , 22, text - - -, 1965b, Discocyclina from the Upper Eo­ figs. 1-23. cene of Assam, India : Micropaleontology, v. COLE, W. S., 1950, Discocyc1inidae Vaughan and II , pp. 415-430, pis. 1-4. Cole: in CUSHMAN, J. A ., Foraminifera, Their SCHWEIGHAUSER, 1., 1953, MikropaHiontologische Classification and Economic Use, 4th ed: und stratigraphische Untersuchungen im Pale­ H arvard Univ. Press, C ambridge, pp. 367-372. ocaen und Eocaen des Vicentin. (Norditalien): ---, 1964, Discocyc1inidae: ill MOORE, R. C. Schweiz. Pal. Abh., v. 70, pp. 1-97, pis. 1-13, (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, text figs . 1-59. Part C , Protista 2-Sarcodina, chiefly ''The­ VAUGHAN , T. W., 1928, F amily Orbitoididae: ill camoebians" and Foraminiferida: Geol. Soc. C USHMAN , J. A., Foraminifera, Their Classifi­ Amer. and University of Kansas Press, New cation and Economic Use: Contr. Cushman York, pp. c712-c717. Lab. Foram. Res., Special Pub I. No. I , pp. MOHAN, K., 1962, News report, India: Micro­ 335-356. paleontology, v. 8, pp. 275-278. - --, 1945, American Paleocene and Eocene RAO , S. R. N., 1942, On L epidocyc/ina (Polylep­ larger foraminifera: Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem., idina) birmallica sp. nov. and Pseudophrag­ 9, pp. 1-120, pis. 2-46, 11 text figs. milia (A sterophragmina ) pagoda s. gen. nov. ---, and COLE, W. S. , 1940, F amily Discocyc­ et sp. nov., from the Yaw Stage (Priabollian) linidae: ill CUSHMAN, J . A., Foraminifera, of Burma: Geol. Survey India, Rec. v. 77, Their Classification and Economic Use, 3rd ed: Prof. Paper no. 12, pp. 1-16, pis. I, 2. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 327-330. 168 POAG AN D AKERS-PLIOCENE GLonl(iERI~A N"';l-'E~THES

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH V OLUME XVIII, P ART 4, OCTOBER 1967 340. GLOBIGERINA NEPENTHES TODD OF PLIOCENE AGE FROM THE GULF COAST C. W. P OAG AND W. H. AKERS Chevron Oil Company, New Orleans, Louisiana

ABST RACT roidillellopsis semillulilla semilllllilla has been iden­ Globil;erina neJ)cllthes Todd is re por ted from Middle Pli­ ocene r ock s o f the Louisiana Gulf Coast. A n historical tified in beds as young as Lower Pleistocene in age survey is given of I}reviously reported occurrences of (:. (above Discoaster extinction). Discoaster hamauls nCl)cntbes. Taxonomic not es and stratigraphic ranges are and D. bollii (of Miocene age according to Martini provided fO l' some d i agno~; ti c planktonic species w hich and Bramlette, 1963) are also found with G . lI e­ establis h the ('clative s ll'alh;raphic pOsi tion of (: . ne lle nthes pellthes in our Miocene samples. Banner and Blow i n Gulf C oast sediments. (1967, text-figure 14 ) find, as do we, that the upper INTRODUCTION portion of the range of Globigerilla lI epellthes over­ G lobigerilla lI epellthes Todd has been found in laps the lower portion of the range of Sphaeroid­ numerous well samples (both sidewall cores and illella dehiscells dehiscells, Globorotalia multicam­ ditch samples) from the northern Gulf of Mexico, erata , and Globorotalia miocellica. These authors offshore Louisiana. The extinction horizon for this pl ace the termination of G. lI epellthes in the species must be regarded at least as young as Mid­ Lower Pliocene. dle Pliocene in age. The writers use a Pliocene­ Several species which occur in the Upper Mio­ Pleistocene boundary defined by the major extinc­ cene range upward to, or nearl y to, the Pliocene­ tion of the genus Discoaster (calcareous nanno­ Pleistocene boundary. These include Globoquad­ plankton) and the accompanying change in the fo­ rilla altispira altispira, Globorotalia m ellardii mio­ raminiferal assemblage as proposed by Ericson et cellica, Globorotalia m ellardii mlllticamerata, and al. (1963) . This horizon may, however, be of Ne­ G lobigerilloides obliqlllls s.l. (text fi g. I ). braskan to Aftoni an age (Akers, 1965). Bandy's Pul/elliatilla obliquiloculata, a species whose ( 1964) Miocene-Pliocene boundary is accepted ten­ stratigraphic range permits definition of the Mio­ tatively. Bandy's boundary is based primarily on cene-Pli ocene boundary in some areas (Bandy, the lowermost range of Splweroidillella dehiscell s 1964; Bolli , 1964), is present in our Pliocene ma­ and Globorotalia trullcatulilloides. terial but is of such low frequency that its precise range here is at present not clear. NORTHERN GULF COAST STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE PREVIOUS RECORD OF G lobigerilla lI epellthes is found in the lower two­ GLOBIGERINA NEPENTHES thirds of the Gulf Coast Pliocene sed imentary col­ Globigerilla nepellthes has been reported authori­ umn where it is accompanied by Globorotalia trulI­ tatively from beds of Middle to Upper Miocene age catulilloides, Globigerilla illf/ata, and Splweroidill­ from Trinidad ( Bolli , 1957), Venezuela (Blow, ella dehiscells (text fig . I ). Its final occurrence here 1959; Bolli, 1964; Bolli and Bermudez, 1965) , the is recognized as its true extinction hori zon since Dominican Republic ( Bermudez, 196 1), C ub a several thousand feet of sed iments overlying this ( Bermudez, 196 1), ltaly (Saito, 1962; Cita, Premoli horizon contain foraminifera which accumulated Si lva , and Rossi , 1965), Israel (Reiss and Gvirtz­ in deep marine conditions (200-1000 meters). The man, 1964) , Pacific cores (Riedel, Bramlette, and possibility that some ecological factor other than Parker, 1963), Saipan (Todd, 1957; Saito, 1962), water depth may have caused migration rather the Philippines ( Bandy, 1963 ), New Zealand than extinction is considered to be remote. (Geiger, 1962; Jenkins, 1964), Taiwan (Huang, A typical well in the subject area penetrates 1963), Japan (Saito, 1962; Asano, 1962; Takayan­ youngest Miocene sed iments approximately 2000 agi and Saito, 1962), and Java (Bolli, 1964). Ac­ feet below the G. lI epellthes extinction horizon. ]n cording to Bolli ( 1964), the beds in Japan from some we lls this interval is as much as 5000 feet. which the species is reported by Takayanagi and This young Miocene is characterized by the fre­ Saito (1962) may be of Pliocene age. The writers quent occurrence of Globigerilloides mitra, Sphae­ agree with this opinion since the fauna contains roidiflellopsis semillutinQ semillutina, Splweroidinel­ G loborotalia trllllcatulilloides (= G. tosaellsis of lopsis semilllllilla kochi, Globoqlladrilla vell ezuel­ Takayanagi and Saito) and Globigerilla illf/ata (= mw, and Globorotalia acostaellsis (text fig . I ). cf. G. oceallica of Takayanagi and Saito). In ad­ These same species have been found in low frequen­ dition to the Miocene occurrences enumerated cies also in the Gulf Coast Pliocene secti on. Splwe- above, the writers confirm G. lI epellthes in the Up- CONTRIBU TIONS PROM THE CUS HMAN F OUNDATION F O R F O HAMI N IF' I ~ nAL HE f" EARC J-I 169

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UPP E R 5 M I OCENE

BOUNDARY AFTER BOLLI , 1964 M I D D LE M IOCEN E.

TEXT FIGURE 1 Ranges of some pl anktonic foraminifera in tbe Louisiana Gulf Coast. -- = common occurrence; -- -- = rare occurrence; S = si nistral coiling; D = dextral coiling. per Miocene of Louisiana and from the lower part Mexico by Lamont Geological Observatory's ocean­ of tbe section at the type locality for the Buff Bay ographic ship Vema. Here, as in our Louisiana Pli­ Formation of Jamaica. ocene material, this species is in association with Our observations are not the first report of G 10- Splweroidill ella dehiscell s, Globorotalia trllllcatlllill­ bigerina nepenthes in sediments of Pliocene age, aides, and Globigerilla illflata. but they do confirm the opinion of olhers that this Saito, Burckle, and Ewing ( 1966, p. 11 74) have species became extinct during Pliocene time. Geiger assigned an Upper-Middle Miocene (Tortonian) (1962) reports the species in earl y Pliocene rocks age to a portion of Core V 21-229 from the vicinity of New Zealand, and this is confirmed by Jenkins of the Bl ake Plateau on the presence of G lobigerina (1964) . Ericson, Ewing, and Woll in (1963, figure Il epellthes, Globigerilloides obliqlllls, Sphaeroidinel­ 5) report the species in Pliocene cores from the lopsis semillllia and Globoqlladrilla altispira . All Atlantic. Riedel, Bramlette, and Parker ( 1963) re­ of these species occur in Pliocene sediments of the port G. nepenthes in a core of Pliocene age from Gulf of Mexico region, and they have all been re­ the Pacific. ported elsewhere from beds younger than Miocene. Bryant and Pyle ( 1965) have listed an assemb­ This portion of Core V 21-229, therefore, may be lage of discoasters and planktonic foraminifera ob­ of Middle Pliocene age. tained from a piston-core on the crest of one of the Globigerilla Il epellthes has not been found in the Sigsbee Knolls in the Gulf of Mexico. They suggest Pliocene Manchioneal Formation of Jamaica which on the basis of the incorporated assemblage, which contains a rich planktonic assemblage. Thus, it may includes G. nepenthes, that the sediments near the be that the final extinction of G . Il epellthes occurred bottom of the core are of "Torto ni an age (Globo­ previous to deposition of the Manchioneal beds. So rotalitl m enardii m enardii/ Globigerilla nepenthes far, G. Il epellthes has not been reported in the Pli­ zone)." This may be an overestimate of th.e age of ocene of Italy, nor have the writers observed it in these sediments, since every species listed occurs in their Plioce ne material from that region. Neither rocks of Pliocene age. Globigerina nepenthes has do Calabri an samples furnished by M. B. Cita con­ also been seen by the writers in a core, V3-48, tain the species. 490 cm., raised from 677 fathoms in the Gulf of It is interesting that G. Il epellthes was not re- 170 POAG A N D AK E; RS- PLIOC JoJN I!! (,jLonl (;KRINA NI'-;' )'I<; NTI£ES

ported in the Pliocene sediments of the Cubagua-1 TAXONOMIC NOTES well off northeastern Venezuela, by means of which Globigerina inAata d'Orbigny Bolli and Bermudez (1965) have extended the Plate 16, fi gures \3-15 ranges of several "Miocene" planktonic species into Globigeril/a il/flata D'ORBIGNY, 1839, p. 134, pI. 2, the Pliocene. The writers consider the Gulf Coast figs . 7-9. Pliocene section containing the G. I/ epel/thes ex­ Tlirborotalia il/flata (d'Orbigny), BERMUDEZ, 1961, tinction horizon to be approximately equivalent to p. 1323, pI. 18, figs. 2a-b. the Globoqlladril/a altispira altispira/ Globorotalia G loborotalia cf. G. oceal/ica Cushman and Ber­ crassaformis zone of Bolli and Bermudez (1965; mudez, TAKAYANAG I and SAITO, 1962, p. 79, pI. see below). This zone comprises the upper 849 27, figs. 6a-12c. feet of the Cuhagua-l well. Bold (1966) suggests, Globorotalia il/flata (d'Orbigny), PARK ER, 1962, p. on the basis of the ostracode fauna, that the upper 236, pI. 5, figs. 6a-9 . 800 feet of sediments in the Cubagua-1 well were Globigeril/a il/flata d'Orbigny, AK ERS and DORMAN, deposited at a maximum depth of 40 meters. Bolli 1964, p. 16, pI. 13, figs . 17-19. and Bermudez (1965) also note a shallowing in the Remarks.-Our specimens are identical to Recent higher part of the Cubagua Formation. This shal­ specimens. Morphological variation is similar to low bathymetry would very likely have excluded G. that described by Parker, 1962. Saito (1963, p. I/ epel/thes. This species apparently is more respon­ 176) implies that Globorotalia cf. G. oceal/ica sive to slight changes in ecological conditions, such identified by Takayanagi and Saito from the Nobori as water depth, than many planktonic species, as Formation (1962) belongs to the species Globoro­ can be inferred from its varied morphology (see talia il/flata ( = Globigeril/a il/flata of Poag and Saito, 1962). Akers, this paper). Globigerina Depenthes T odd BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS Plate 16, fi gures 1-12 As Bolli and Bermudez state ( 1965, p. 136), the Globigeril/a nepenthes TODD, 1957, p. 301 , pI. 78, Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary of Ericson et al. figs. 7a, b. (1963) (= Poag and Akers, this paper) falls be­ Sphaeroidil/ellopsis nepentl,es (Todd) var. con­ tween the Globorotalia trul/catl/lil/oides/ Globoro­ stricta BERMUD EZ, 1961 , p. 1278, pI. 10, figs. talia il/flata zone and the G loboqlladril/a altispira 2a , b. altispira / Globorotalia trll/lcatl/lil/oides zone of the Globigeril/a I/ epel/thes Todd, SAITO, 1962, pp. 332- former authors. In addition, Bandy's (1964) Mio­ 335, pI. 51, figs. la-4c, pI. 52, figs. 1-8. cene-Pliocene boundary ( = Poag and Akers, this Remarks.-Our specimens have been compared paper) falls in the middle of the Globorotalia mar­ to topotypes of G. nepenthes and are identical. garitae zone of Bolli and Bermudez (1965) . With Morphological variation is similar to that described this in mind, a comparison of the ranges of in detail by Saito (1962). Both elongate five-cham­ Globoqlladril/a altispira altispira, Globorotalia acos­ bered types (Plate 16, figs. 1-9) and spherical four­ tael/sis, Globigeril/oides obliql/I/s extreml/s, Globoro­ chambered types (Plate 16, figs . 10-12) are present talia trll/lcatl/lil/oides, and Globigeril/a il/flata li sted at its highest stratigraphic occurrence. A thickened by Bolli and Bermudez (1965, table 1) with the lip is present in nearl y all specimens, and the test is ranges of the same species in the Louisiana Gulf thickly calcified, a feature which often obscures the Coast (text fi g. 1) reveals that they are very early chamber arrangement. The adumbilical end similar. If inferred paleoecological influences had of the chamber which lies symmetrically under the not affected the ranges of some species (e.g., Glo­ arch of the aperture, typically protrudes into the bigeril/a il/flata in Venezuela, Java, and Jamaica) umbilicus. Figure 10 (Plate 16) shows the charac­ the compared ranges would no doubt be identical. teristic somewhat elongate aperture and the depres­ The upper range of G. I/ epel/thes is stratigraph­ sion of one side of the apertural face which are ically higher in the Louisiana Gulf Coast than has normally present in our four-chambered specimens. been reported in the Caribbean, a fact which intro­ Figure 7 (Plate 16) shows a specimen in which the duces a need for redefinition of some presently rec­ final (5th) chamber has been broken away, reveal­ ognized biostratigraphic zones based on the range ing the apertures of the previous three chambers in of G. I/epel/thes. It also points out that any present the umbilicus. The aperture of tbe penultimate biostratigraphic zonation for world-wide correla­ chamber can be seen within the apertural opening tions based on planktonic foraminifera must be of the fipal cbamber in figures 3 and 4, (Plate 16). used only as a temporary guide. Much more infor­ Specimens resembling Bermudez's (1961) variety mation is required regarding the ranges of species constricta are included in our material. Some speci­ in little known areas such as the northern Gulf mens are identical to specimens from Trinidad, sent of Mexico. to W. H. Akers by H. M. Bolli. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHl\'IAN FOUNDATION FOR FOHAl\HN IFEHAL RESEARC H 171

Globigerinoides mitra Todd Globorotalia menardii lllulticamerata Cushman Plate 16, fi gures 19-21 and Jarvis Globigerilloides mitm TODD, 1957, p. 302, pI. 78, Plate 17, fi gures 4-6 figs. 3, 6. G loborOlalia m ellardii (d'Orbigny) var. I1lllllicam­ Globigerilloides milra Todd, BOLLI, 1957, p. 11 4, erala CUS HM AN and JA RVIS, 1930, p. 367, pI. pI. 26, figs . I a-4. 34, figs. Sa-c. Globigerilloides milra Todd, BLOW, 1959, p. 191, G loboro:alia m ellardii mllllicamerala Cushman and pI. 13 , fig. 67. Jarvis, AKERS and DORMAN , 1964, p. 19, pI. R emarks.- Our specimens are identical to Trini­ 14, fi gs. 22-25. dad specimens sent to W . H. Akers by H . M. Bolli . Remarks.-Our specimens have been compared with topotypes from the Bowden Formation of Jamaica, and are identica l. Banner and Blow Globigerinoides obliqllus Bolli ( 1965) have stated that specimens identified as this Plate 16, fi gures 16-18 species from Recent sed iments belong to G . cllllrala Globigerilloides obliqlla BOLLI , 1957, p. 11 3, pI. 25, (s.l. ) (= Globorolalia menardii m ellardii of pres­ figs. 9a- IOc; text-fig . 21, nos. 5a-b. ent writers) . The writers also believe that this is Globigerilloides ob/iqlllls eXlremllS BOLLI and BER­ probably correct. MUDEZ, 1965, p. 139, pI. I, fi gs . 10-12. Remarks.-Ollr specimens have been compared Globorotalia truncatulinoides (d'Orbigny) with specimens identified by H. M . Bolli from Plate 17, fi gures 7-9 Trinidad and are identical. Our specimens also in­ Rotalilla Irlln callililloides D'ORBIGN Y, IS39, p. 132, clude forms which have the characteristics of G. pI. 2, figs . 25-27. obliquus extremus. ?G loboralalia losaellsis TAKAYANAGI and SAITO, 1962, p. SI, pI. 2S, fi gs. 1Ia-12c. Globorotalia acostaensis Blow Globorolalia Irllll callllilloides (d'Orbigny), AK ERS and D ORMA N, 1964, p. 20, pI. 14, figs. 16-IS. Plate 16, fi gures 22-24 Remarks.-Our spec'mens are identical to Recent Globorolalia acoslaell sis BLOW, 1959, pp. 20S-210, specimens of this species. Some specimens are pI. 17, figs. 106a-c, 107. heavil y calcified, a feature which gives them close Globorolalia acoslaellsis Blow, TAKAYANAGI and rese mblance to G. tosaellsis. The writers, however, SAITO, 1962, pp. 75-76, pI. 24, figs. 2a-c. are not sure that G. losaell sis is a species distinct Globorolalia acoslamsis Bl ow, OTA, PR IMOLI SILVA from G. ITllllcallllill oides. Takayanagi and Saito and ROSS I, 1965, pp. 225-226, pI. IS , figs . 6a-c, ( 1962) s:ate that G. losaellsis has no keel and has text-fi g. 5, fi gs. a-b. fewer chambers per whorl th an G. Irllllcallllinoides. Remarks.-Our specimens agree with figures and However, their type figu res ( fi gs. Iia-c, 12a-c, pI. descriptions of the above listed authors and wi th 2S) show a distinct keel and 4 Y2 chambers in ihe topotypes from Venezuela. The more highl y arched final whorl, which are typical of G. Irllllcallllinoides. aperture, more lobate peripheral oU iline and more Moreover, Bolli and Bermudez ( 1965), although inflated chambers distinguish it from our five­ a::>pare ntly recogni zi ng it as separate from G. Irlln­ chambered specimens of Globigerilla pachyderma call1lill oides, feel that it corresponds to the type incompla C ifelli. The degree to which ;he aper­ with thickened walls representing a late life cycle ture reaches the periphery is not constant in from deeper water. our specimens.

Glohoquadrina altispira aitispira (Cushman Globorotalia menardii mioceuica Palmer and Jarvis) Plate 17, figures 1-3 Plate 17, figures 10- 11 Globorolalia mell ardii (d'Orbigny) var. miocellica Globigerilla allispira CUS HMAN and JARVIS, 1936, PALM ER, 1945, p. 70, pI. I, fi gs. lOa-c. p. 5, pI. I, figs. 13a-c, 14. G lobarotalia menardii miacenica Palmer, BLOW, Globoql/adril/a allispira allispira (Cushman and 1959, p. 216, pI. 19, fi gs. 12 la-c. Jarvis), BOLLI, 1957, p. Ill , pI. 24, figs. 7a-Sb. Globorotalia mellardii miocellica Palmer, AKERS Globigerilla allispira allispira C ushman and Jarvis, and DORMAN, 1964, p. IS, pI. 14, figs. 1-5, AKERS and DORMAN , 1964, p. 14, pI. 12, fi gs . 19-21. 3-5. Remarks.-Our specimens have been compared Remarks.-Our specimens are identical to high­ with topotypes from the Bowden Formation of spired Trinidad specimens identified by H. M. Jamaica and are identical. Bolli and sent to W. H . Akers. 172 POAG AND A KER S-P LI OC I ~NE (OI ... OBlta': KINA N~a·.i:NTI:lt:S

Globoquadrina venezuelan. (Hedberg) Sp/weroidilleffa grimsdalei (Keijzer), BOLLI, 1957, Plate 17, fi gures 12- 14 p. 114, pI. 26, figs. 12a-c. G lobigerilla velleZ Ile/ana HEDB ERG, 1937, p. 681 , Splwer oidilleffa semillufina kochi (Caudri) , BLOW, pI. 92, figs. 7a-b. 1959, p. 198, pI. 12, figs. 78, 79. Globigerina venezuelana Hedberg, BOLLI , 1957, p. Splwer oidineffopsis selllillulilla kocfti (Caudri), 110, pI. 23, figs. 6a-8b. BA NN ER and BLOW, 1959, p. 15. Globoquadrina vellez ue/alla (Hedberg), BLOW, Renwrks.-We have restricted our identification 1959, p. 186, pI. II, figs . 58a-59. of this form to specimens containing five or more Remarks.- Our specimens are identical to speci­ chambers, an umbilical aperture, and a highly lo­ mens identified by H. M. Bolli from Trinidad and bate periphery. Our specimens are identical to five­ sent to W. H. Akers. chambered specimens identified as Splweroidilleffa grilllsdalei by H . M. Bolli from Trinidad and sent Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones) to W. H. Akers. They are also identical to speci­ Plate 17, fi gurcs 15- 17 mens of Sp/weroidilleffopsis semilllllina koehi from Splweroidina bulloides d'Orbigny var. deftisee lls the Pozon Formation of Venezuela. PARKER and JONES, 1865, p. 369, pI. 19, figs. 5a-c. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Splweroidilleffa delliseellS (Parker and Jones), The association of G lobigerilla nepelliftes with CUSHMAN, 1927, p. 90, pI. 19, fig. 2. Globorotalia Irulleatufilloides, Globigerilla illfiala, Spftaeroidilleffa deftiseells ( Parker and Jones) , and Spftaeroidilleffa dehiscells in the lower two­ AKERS and DORMAN, 1964, p. 20, pI. 13, figs. thirds of the thick marine Pliocene sedimentary 13, 14. column of the Gulf Coast indicates a Middle Pli­ Remarks.-Our specimens are identical to Re­ ocene age for the extinction horizon of G. lIepelltftes. cent specimens. This Middle Pliocene occurrence generates a need Sphaeroidinellopsis seminuIina semillllIiua for redefinition of some Tertiary planktonic foram­ (Schwager) iniferal biostratigraphic zones which have been based on the belief that the range of G . lIepelltftes is Platc 17, fi gures 18·20 limited to the Miocene Epoch. Additional informa­ Globigerilla seminulina SCHWAGE R, 1866, p. 256, tion is needed in order to establish the complete pI. 7, fig. 112. stratigraphic ranges of planktonic foraminifera in Sp/weroidilleffa selllillulilla (Schwager) , GALLOWAY the Upper Cenozoic. The thick sediments of the and HEMINWAY, 1941, p. 415, pI. 30, fi gs. 4a-b. northern Gulf of Mexico offer data which are ap­ Sp/weroidilleffa mlsefti CU SHM AN and RENZ , 1941 , parently lacking in most areas studied to date. p. 25, pI. 4, fi gs. 5a-c. Spftaeroidilleffa grimsdalei (Keijzer), BOLLI, 1957, p. 114, pI. 26, figs. 9-11. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sp/weroidilleffa semillulilla semillulilla (Schwager), This paper is published with permission of BLOW, 1959, p. 197, pI. 12, figs. 74-77c. Chevron Oil Company. G. S. Robinson and W. P. Splweroidilleffopsis seminulilla semillufina (Schwag­ S. Ventress reviewed the manuscript. A . D. Warren er), BANN ER and BLOW, 1959, p. 15. supplied topotypes of Globigerilla lIepelllftes. H. Splweroidillellopsis semillufina (Schwager) , BAN­ M. Bolli provided W. H . Akers with numerous NER and BLOW, 1960, p. 24, pI. 7, figs. 2a-b. specimens of planktonic foraminifera from the Remarks.- We restrict to this species those speci­ Cipero and Lengua Formations of Trinidad. M. B. mens having four chambers in the fin al whorl, an Cita furnished many foraminiferal samples from umbilical aperture, and a lobate periphery. Many the Tertiary and Calabrian of Italy. E. Robinson three-chambered specimens have been encountered, of the Geological Survey of Jamaica assisted in col­ but these generally have the more elongate sutural lecting the Buff Bay, Bowden, and Manchioneal aperture characteristic of Spftaeroidilleffopsis sllb­ Formations. deftiseens (Blow) , and we place them there. The writers acknowledge the research of all those listed in our bibliography. It is only through the Sphaeroidinellopsis seminlllilla kochi (Caudri) data supplied by these specialists that we are be­ Plate 17, figures 21 -23 ginning to understand the distribution of the sub­ ject species in time and space. Globigerilla sp. KOCH, 1923, p. 355, text-figs. 8a-b. Globigerina koefti CAUDRI, 1934, p. 144. Spftaeroidilleffa kocfti (Caudri), GLA ESSN ER, 1934, REFERENCES p. 69, list. AK ERS , W. H., 1965, Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, Globigerilla grimsdalei KEIJZER, 1945, p. 205, text­ northern Gulf of Mexico: Science, vol. 149, figs. 33a-d. no. 3685, pp. 741-742. CONTRIBUTI ON S F'R01l.'1 THE C U S HMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAM I NIFl<:;HAL HESEARC H 173

AK ERS, W. H ., and DORM AN, 1. H., 1964, Pleisto­ ---, 1964, Observations on the stratigraphic dis­ cene foraminifera of the Gulf Coast: Tulane tribution of some warm-water pl anktonic fo­ Studies in Geology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-93, raminifera in the Young Mioce ne to Recent : pi s. 1-15. Eclog. Geol. Helv., vol. 57, pp. 541 -552, fi g. I. ASANO, K., 1962, Faunal change of pl anktonic fo­ BOLLI, H. M. , and BERMUDEZ, P. J ., 1965, Zona­ raminifera through the Neogene of Japan: tion based on pl anktonic foraminifera of Mid­ Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen, ser. dle Miocene to Pliocene warm-water sed i­ 13, vol. 65, no. I, pp. 11 4-129 . ments: Asoc. Ven. Geol. Min. Petr., 1301. Inf., BANDY, O. L., 1963, Miocene-Pliocene, boundary in vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 11 9- 149, pI. 1, tables 1-2. the Philippines as related to late Tertiary stra­ BRYANT, W. R., and PYL E, T. E., 1965, Tertiary ti graphy of deep-sea sediments: Science, vol. sediments from Sigsbee Knolls, Gulf of Mex­ 142, no. 3597, pp. 1290-1292, fig. I. ico : Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Bull ., vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 151 7-151 8. ---, 1964, Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation: Micropaleontology, vol. 10, no. I, CAUDRI, C. M. B. , 1934, Tertiary deposits of So­ pp. 1-17, text-figs. 1-6. emba: Amsterdam, H. 1. Pari s, pp. 1-224, pis. 1-5 . BANNER, F. T., and BLOW, W. H., 1959, The classi­ fic ation and strati graphical distribution of the CIFELLI, R., 196 1, Globigerilla illcompla, a new Globigerinaceae: Palaeontology, vol. 2, pI. 1, species of pelagic foraminifera from the North Atlantic: Cushman Found. Foram. Res. Contr., pp. 1-27, pi s. 1-3 . vol. 12, pI. 3, pp. 83-86, pI. 4. ---, and , 1960, Some primary types of ClTA, M. B., PREMOLI SILVA, I ., and ROSSI, R ., species belonging to the superfamily Globiger­ 1965, Foraminiferi pl anctonici del Tortoniano­ inaceae: Cushman Found. Foram. Res. Contr., tipo: Riv. Ital. Paleont., vol. 71, no. I, pp. 217- vol. 11 , pI. 1, pp. 1-41, pi s. 1-8. 308, pi s. 18-3 I. ---, and , 1965, Progress in the pl ank- CUS HMAN , 1. A., 1927, An outline of a re-classifi­ tonic foraminiferal biostrati graphy of the Neo­ cation of the foraminifera : Cushman Lab. Fo­ gene: Nature, vol. 208, pp. 1164-1166. ram. Res. Contr., vol. 3, pI. I, no. 39, pp. 1- ---, and , 1967, The origin, evolution 105, pis. 1-21. and taxonomy of the foraminiferal genus Pul­ CUS HM AN, J. A., and JARVI S, P. W., 1930, Miocene lellialilla Cushman, 1927: Micropaleontology , foraminifera from Buff Bay, Jamaica : Jour. vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 133-162, pis. 1-4. Paleont., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 353-368, pis. 32-34. BERMUDEZ, P. J., 1961, Contribucion al estudio de ---, and , 1936, Three new foraminifera las Globigerinidea de la region Caribe-Antil­ from the Mioce ne Bowden Marl of Jamaica: lana (Paleoceno-Reciente): Mem. III Congr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. Contr., vol. 12, Geol. Venezolano, vol. 3, 13 01. Geol. Publ. pt. I, pp. 3-5, pI. I. espec. 3, ( 1960), pp. 111 9- 13 93, pis. 1-20. CUSHMAN,1. A., and RENZ, H. H., 1941 , New Oli­ BER MUDEZ, P. J ., 1966, Consideraciones sobre los gocene-Miocene foraminifera from Venezuela: sedimentos del Mioceno medio al reciente de Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. Contr., vol. 17, pI. I, pp. 1-27, pis. 1-4. las costas central y oriental de Venezuela, primera parte : Venez. Minisl. Minas e Hidro­ ER ICSON, D. B. , EW ING, M. , and WOLLIN, G., 1963 , carb., 13 0 1. Geol., vol. 7, No. 14, pp. 333-412. Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in deep-sea sedi­ BLOW, W. H., 1959, Age, correlati on and biostra­ ments: Science, vol. 139, no. 3556, pp. 727- tigraphy of the Upper Tocuyo (San Lorenzo) 737, figs. 1-13 . and Pozon Formations, eastern Falcon, Vene­ GALLOWAY, J. J ., and HEMINWAY, C. E., 194 1, The zuela: Bull. Amer. Paleonl., vol. 39, no. 178, Tertiary foraminifera of Porto Ri co: New pp. 67-252, pis. 6-19, text-figs. 1-5. York Acad. Sci. , Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vo l. 3 (1920-1 941) , pI. 4, pp. BOLD, W. A. VAN DEN , 1966, Miocene and Pliocene Ostracoda from northeastern Venezuela: Verh. 275-49 1, pi s. 1-36. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. afd. Natuurk., GEIGER, M. E., 1962, Pl anktonic foraminiferal vol. 23 , no. 3, pp. 1-51 , pis. 1-5. zones in the Upper Tertiary of Taranaki, New Zealand: New Zealand Jour. Geol. Geophys., BOL LI, H . M., 1957, Planktonic foraminifera from the Oligocene-Miocene Cipero and Lengua vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 304-308, fi gs. 1-2. Formations of Trinidad, B.W.!. : U. S. Nat. GLAESSNER, M. F., 1943, Problems of stratigraphic Mus. Bull. 215, pp. 97-123, pis. 22-29, text­ correlation in the Indo-Pacific Region: Proc. fi gs. 17-21. Roy. Soc. Vic., n.s ., vol. 55, pp. 41-80. 174 POAG AND AK~~RS-PL I OCENg GLOIJJ(;J<;RINA N-"'; I'ENTllES

H EDBERG, H . D., 1937, Foraminifera of the Middle PALMER, D. K. , 1945, Notes on the foraminifera Tertiary Carapita formation of northeastern from Bowden, Jamaica: Bull. Amer. Paleont., Venezuela : Jour. Paleont., vol. II, pp. 66 1- vol. 29, no. 115, pp. 1-82, pi s. 1-2. 697, pis. 90-92. PARK ER, F. L., 1962, Pl anktonic foraminiferal spe­ HUAN G, T., 1963 , Planktonic foraminifera from the cies in Pacific sediments: Micropaleontology, Peikang PK-3 well in the Peikang shelf area, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 219-254, pis. 1-10. Yunlin, Taiwan: Mr. H. H. Ling's 70th Birth­ ---, 1964, Foramin ifera from the experimental day Volume, Petroleum Geol. of Taiwan, no. Mohole drilling near Guadalupe l sland , Mex­ 2, pp. 153-181 , pis. 1-6, fi gs. 1-4. ico: Jour. Paleont., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 617- J ENKINS, D. G., 1964, Location of the Pliocene­ 636, pis. 97-102. Pleistocene boundary: Cushm an Found. Fo­ PARK ER, W. K. , and JONES, T . R., 1865, On some ram. Res. Contr., vol. 15, pt. I , pp. 25-27, foraminifera from the North Atlantic and text-fig. I. Arctic Oceans, including Davis Straits and Baffin's Bay: Roy. Soc. London, Philos. Trans., KEIJZER, F. G., 1945, Outline of the geology of the vol. 155, pp. 325-44 1, pis. 13-19. eastern part of the Province of Oriente, Cuba (E. of 76 ' W.L.) , with notes on the geology REISS, Z. , and GVIRTZMAN, G ., 1964, Subsurface of other parts of the island : Utrecht Univ., Neogene stratigraphy of Israel: pp. 1-19, pis. Geogr. Geol. Meded., Physiogr.-geol., ser. 2, 1-12, Bern, ( Preprint). no. 6, pp. 1-23 8, pis. I-II, text-fi gs. 1-34. RI EDE L, W. R., BRAML ETTE, M. N ., and PARKER, KOCH, R., 1923, Die jung-tertiare Foraminiferen­ F. L., 1963, "Pliocene-Pleistocene" boundary fauna von Kabu (Res. Surabaja, Java): Eclog. in deep-sea sediments: Science, vol. 140, no. Geol. Helv. , vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 342-357, text­ 3572, pp. 1238-1240, fig. I. figs. I-II. SAITO, T ., 1962, Notes on Globigerilla lI epelithes MARTINI, E., and BRAMLETTE, M. N., 1963, Cal­ Todd, 1957 : Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, careous nannoplankton from the ex perimental N .S. , no. 48 , pp. 33 1-342, pis. 51 , 52. Mohole drilling: Jour. Paleont., vol. 37, no. 4, SA ITO, T., BURCKL E, L. H ., and EWING , M ., 1966, pp. 845-856, pis. 102-105. Lithology and paleontology of the reflective ORBIGNY, A. D' , 1839, "Foraminiferes," ill Barker­ layer horizon A: Science, vol. 154, no. 3753, Webb, P., and Berthelot, S. , Hist. Nat. -des pp. 1173-1176, text-figs . 1-2, 1 table. Isles Canaries, vol. 2, pt. 2, Zool., pp. 11 9- SCHWAGER, C., 1866, Fossile Foraminiferen von 146, pis. 1-3 . Kar-Nikobar: Novara Ex p e d . 1857-1859, ---, 1839, " Foraminiferes," ill de la Sagra, R., Wien, Osterreich , Geol. Theil, Bd. 2, Abt. 2, Hist. phys. polit. nat. de l'i1e de Cuba : Paris, pp. 187-268, pi s. 4-7. Bertrand, pp. 1-224, plates published se pa­ TAK<'YANAG I, Y., and SA ITO, T., 1962, Planktonic rately, vol. 8, pI. 4, figs. 19-21. foraminifera from the Nobori Formation, Shi-

EXPLANATION OF PLATE' 16 FIGS. PAGE All illustrations on this plate and the following pl ate are camera lucid a drawings by C. W. Poag. 1-12 . Globigerilla lI epelith es Todd. X 78...... 170 1-3. Typical five-chambered form showing thin-wall ed fifth chamber; aperture of pen­ ultimate chamber showing in fi g. 3. 4-6. Small five-chambered form. 7-9. Five-chambered form with fifth chamber broken away; apertures of 3 chambers visible in umbilicus; right side of apertural face depressed. 10-12. Typical four-chambered form ; elongate aperture and depression of left side of aper­ tural face shown in fig. 10; all figured specimens Middle Pliocene, ditch sa mples. 13 - 15. Globigerilla inflata d'Orbigny. X 78...... 170 13 , um bilical view; 14, peripheral view; 15, spiral view; Lower Pliocene, sidewall core. 16-18 . Globigerilloides obliqlllls Bolli. X 78...... 171 16, spiral view; 17, peripheral view; 18, umbilical view; uppermost Pliocene, ditch sample. 19-21. Globigerilloides mitra Todd. X 42...... 171 19, side view with fin al chamber broken; 20, umbilical view; 21, apertural view; Upper Mi­ ocene, ditch sample. 22-24. Globorotalia acostaellsis Blow. X 78...... 171 22, umbilical view; 23, peripheral view; 24, spiral view; lowermost Pliocene, ditch sample. CONTRIB. CUSHMAN FOUND. FORAM. R ESEARCH, VOL. 18 PLATE 16

4 5

6

16

Poag and Akers: Pliocene Globigerina nepenthes CONTRIB. CUSHMAN FOUND. FORAM. RESEARCH, VOL. 18 PLATE 17

12 13

16

Poag and Akers : Pliocene Globigefina nepenthes CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TH E CUSHMA N FOUNDATION F OR F OR AMI N IFERAL RES E ARCH 175

koku, Japan: Sci. Rept. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Addendum: While this manuscript was in press, Ser. Spec. Vol. no. 5, (Kon'no Mem. Vol.) , the authors identified a typical 4-chambered speci­ pp. 67-106, pis. 24-2S, text-figs. 1-2. men of Globigerina nepenthes in a core represent­ TODD, R., 1957, Smaller foraminifera, in Geology ing the interval 1237-1249 feet from the Cubagua of Saipan, Mariana Islands, Part 3: Paleontol­ I well (Bolli and Bermudez, 1965; Bermudez, ogy, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper no. 2S0-H, 1966) . This is a considerably younger occurrence pp. 265-320, pis. 64-93. than previously reported from this well.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 17 FIGS. PAGE 1-3. Globorotalia m enardii miocenica Palmer. X 7S ...... 171 I, spiral view; 2, peripheral view; 3, umbilical view; uppermost Pliocene, ditch sample. 4-6. Globorotalia m enardii nllllticamerata Cushman and Jarvis. X 42 ...... 171 4, spiral view; 5, peripheral view; 6, umbilical view; Upper Pliocene, ditch sample. 7-9. Globorotalia trllncatlilinoides (d'Orbigny). X 7S ...... 171 7, spiral view; S, peripheral view; 9, umbilical view; Lower Pliocene, sidewall core. 10-11. Globoqlladrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis). X 7S...... 171 10, umbilical view; II, side view; Upper Pliocene, ditch sample. 12-14. Globoqlladrina venezlIelana (Hedberg). X 42 ...... 172 12, umbilical view; 13 , peripheral view; 14, spiral view; Upper Miocene, ditch sample. 15-17. Splweroidinella dehiscells (Parker and Jones). X 42...... 172 15 , primary apertural view; 16, peripheral view; 17, secondary apertural view; Lower Plio­ cene, sidewall core. IS-20. Splweroidillellopsis semilllllilla semillulilla (Schwager). X 42 ...... 172 IS , peripheral view; 19, spiral view; 20, umbilical view; Lower Pliocene, ditch sample. 21 -23. Splweroidinellopsis seminulilla kochi (Caudri). X 42 ...... 172 21, umbilical view; 22, peripheral view; 23 , spiral view; Upper Miocene, ditch sample. 176 A!\'G ELL-REC A L CH 'l C ATION I N ROSALINA :'"'J... ORIDANA

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH VOLUME XVIII, PART 4, OCTOBER 1967 341. TEST RECALCIFICATION IN ROSALINA FLORIDANA (CUSHMAN) ROBERT W. ANGELL! Department of Zoology, Duke University

AB STRACT than three hours, the decalcified specimens of R. The fO I':1min ifel' Rosaliua floridallll, i s capable of r eca J­ [loridal/a developed pseudopodia and began feeding d ry ing its t est a fter decalc i fica tion in a cid ified sea wat e r. Reca lci fi cation occu rs during cham ber f ormation , whe n a in a normal manner. On all the specimens the ter­ ne w layer of calci te is deposited over t he entire exterior minal chamber collapsed either immediately after o f t he t est w hile the new ch am ber is bei ng cal ci fied . No decalcification or soon after feeding began. In the cal cification m echani sm i ndependent of ch a m ber forma tion case of the larger specimens, the last two or three was obser ved. It is suggested t ha t all foramin ifer a l s pe­ cies that deposit a calcite laye r over t he entire exterior chambers of the whorl usually became detached of the l est ever y lime a cha mbe l' Is added are a ble because the organic lining, the only part of the test (0 r ecu.lc ify. left after decalcification, was too delicate to with­ INTRODUCTION stand the strains placed on it as the animal moved During an investigation of the process of cham­ about. The cytoplasm from within these chambers ber formation in the foraminifer Rosa/iI/a f/oridal/a often remained with the foraminifer and formed an (Cushman), experiments were conducted to deter­ external mass that could not be retracted into the mine the ability of this species to recalcify the test test. Usually much of this was blebbed off as small after it was decalcified by artificial means. The cytoplasmic spheres during the following days. This objective of this work was to find a method that displaced internal cytoplasm could be identified by would enable one to study the calcification proc­ the orange-colored lipid droplets it contained. The esses in foraminifera. cytoplasm normally found outside the test, such as PREVIOUS WORK that composing the pseudopodia, is colorless. During experiments on environmental factors af­ Three to five days after decalcification most of fecting foraminifera, Bradshaw (1961) found that the foraminifers recalcified their tests. No attempt was made to quantify these observations, but of the A mmo llia beccarii tepida and Spirillinll vivipara could survive being placed in sea water with a pH several hundred specimens used in this study only a very few calcified before three days and only a of 2.0 for periods of time long enough to com­ pletely decalcify the test. Three days after being slightly greater number took longer than five days. Recalcification occurred as a result of adding a new returned to sea water of normal pH one specimen cham ber to the test. of A. beccarii /epida had recalcified its test and others did so later. There is no mention of recal­ During chamber formation the new chamber is calcified and, in addition, a layer of calcite is de­ cification in S. vivipara. posited over the whole exterior surface of the test. METHODS This results in a laminated calcite wall structure in Specimens of R. [loridal/a from laboratory cul­ all but the newest chamber. The reader is referred tures were decalcified by immersion in sea water to two papers by the author (1967, and in press) for acidified to a pH of 5.0 with HC!. Total decalcifi­ an explanation of this process and diagrams of the cation of the test usually occurred within sixty min­ wall structure of R. [loridal/a. In the case of decal­ utes. Upon completion, the specimens were trans­ cified specimens, the result is a new, calcified cham­ ferred through at least three changes of normal sea ber and the recalcification of the organic lining of water before being placed in small petri dishes con­ the test with a single layer of calcite. The lami­ taining sea water with Chlamydomol/as sp., a food nated wall structure existing before decalcification organism. The activity of the specimens was is not restored. The new chambers are often mal­ checked at frequent intervals for several days until formed and smaller than normal, while many of recalcification of the tests had occurred. the tests are distorted by a partial uncoiling of the Specimens of Spir%cu/il/a /, yalina were also de­ whorl or a displacement of the spiral arrangement calcified and treated in a similar manner. of the chambers. The cytoplasmic sheath that cov­ ers the dorsal surface of the test during calcification RESULTS often has an abnormal appearance in specimens After a brief period of inactivity, usually less that have lost chambers as a result of the presence 1 P resent a rl d ress : D ept. o f B iology. University o f Denve r. of the external mass of lipid-containing cytoplasm lJellve •., Colorado. derived from them, as mentioned above. CON TRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUS HMAN FOUN DATION F OR F O R A l\1I NI FI~ RA L RES E AR CH 177

Decalcification and subsequent recalcification do reason to believe that recalcification is possible in not seem to change or hinder the normal behavior all species th at add a calcite layer to the test as of the foraminifers, and all that reproduced during each new chamber is added, i.e., all species with a the course of this project had viable young. lamellar wall structure. Unless a calcification mech­ There was no recalcification of the test in S. anism not integrally associated with chamher for­ hyalina. Within a few hours after decalcification, mation is functional in other types of foraminifera, the outer chambers began to uncouple from the rest they probably do not possess the ability to recal­ of the test, and the process continued until the ani­ cify the test. Some of the miliolids, such as Quin­ mal was reduced to a number of detached indivi­ que/ocu/ina, may be able to recalcify, because the dual chambers. The cytoplasm in the detached deposition of calcite crystals on and in the matrix chambers formed minute pseudopodia, fed on of the cham her walls appears to be a continuous Chlamydomonas and survived for periods as long process and is not restricted to the time when a as two weeks before degenerating. None of the new chamber is being built. An investigation now specimens remained intact long enough for any in progress on chamber formation and calcifica­ recalcification to occur. tion in S. " yalina may provide more information on this question. DISCUSSION This study was supported by Public Health Serv­ The normal chamber-building processes of R . ice Training Grant 5T1 DE 92-05 from the Nation­ fioridana have been investigated (in press) by the al Institute of Dental Research, National Institute author, and the present study was started in an of Health. effort to find another calcifying mechanism that was independent of chamber formation. However, the REFERENCES ability of this foraminifer to calcify its test after de­ ANGELL, R. W. , 1967, The process of chamber for­ calcification appears to be an integral part of a mation in the foraminifer R osa/ina floridana normal chamber-forming process and cannot be in­ (Cushman) Part T. The structure and compo­ dependently initiated. The foraminifer always de­ sition of the test: Jour. Protozoology 14 (2): posits a layer of calcite over the whole test while 299-307. a newly formed chamber is being calcified. Thus, ANG ELL, R. W. , The process of chamber formation there is no recalcification in the sense of restor­ in the foraminifer Rosalina fioridana (Cush­ ing the destroyed calcite wall structure; there is man) Part II. The process of chamber forma­ simply new calcite deposition that would have oc­ tion: Jour. Protozoology (in press). curred even if the test had not been experimen­ tally decalcified. BRADSHAW , J. S., 1961 , Laboratory Experiments on From Bradshaw's observations on A . beccarii the Ecology of Foraminifera: Contr. Cushman tepida and the results reported here, there appears Found. Foram. Research 12, 87 : 106. 178 T Q D D--RgCE N T LITI<:; RATlJ R8 ON THt-:; FORAl\lJN JFERA

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH VOLUME XVHr, PART 4, OCTOBER 1967 RECENT LITERATURE ON THE FORAMLNIFERA

Below are give n some of the more recent works times between 27 and 77 days for the 4 com­ on the Foraminifera th at have come to hand. moner globigerines. Hence, life spans of these BAN ERJ I, RA NJ IT K. The genus Giobotrullcalla species are of the order of a month. and biostratigraphy of the Lower Ariyalur stage BERMUDEZ, PED RO J ., and GAMEZ, H ECTOR A. (Upper Cretaceous) of Vridhachalam, South Estudio Paleontologico de una seccion del Eo­ India.-Journ. Geol. Soc. India, v. 7, 1966, p. ceno. Grupo Punta Carnero de la Isla Mar­ 51-69, pis. 3-5, text figs . 1-3 (range charts, gari ta, Venezuela.- Mem. Soc. Ciencias Nat. graph ), table I (zonal chart).-Eight species La Salle, v. 26, No. 75, Sept.-Dec. 1966, p. ( 1 new) and 2 subspecies from 4 zones be­ 205-259, pIs. I-II , map, geol. section, correl. tween Coniacian and lower Maestrichtian. chart, check li sts.-IJIustrated catalog includes BANNER, F. T., and BLOW, W. H. The origin, 89 species, 1 new. Age is middle Eocene. evolution and taxonomy of the foraminiferal BLONDEAU, A. Decouverte de N ummulites au genus Pullelliatilla Cushman, 1927 .-M icropa­ Cameroon.-Proc. 2nd West African Micro­ leontology, v. 13, No.2, April 1967, p. 133- paleont. Coll oquium, Ibadan, Ni geria, June 18- 162, pis. 1-4, text figs. 1-14 (diagrams, range July I, 1965, J. E. van Hinte, ed., 1966, p. 24- chart).-The genus originated from Globoro­ 26, pI. I.-Nummulites (Operculilloides) fur­ talia acostael/Sis and 2 evolutionary lines are alii n. sp. from upper Paleocene or lower known, both commencing with P. prima lis n. Eocene. sp. One line incl udes P. obliqui/oculata and 2 new subspecies; tbe other includes P. specta­ BOGDANOV ICH, A. K. A new ArtiClililla from the bi/is n. sp. havi ng a short range in the lower Maeotian of Kuban ( in Russian) .-'::''paleont. Pliocene of the Indo-Pacific. Two unrelated Zhurnal, 1967, no. 1, p. 131 , 132, text figs. forms are studied: a neotype is proposed for BUGROVA , E. M. Occurrence of foraminifers of-the Globigerilla ill f/a ta, and Rotaliatillopsis n. gen. genu s Locklwrtia in the Paleocene of USSR.­ (type species ?Pllllelliatilla se/lli-illl'oillta Ger­ . Internat. Geol. Review, v. 9, No.3, March meraad) is erected in the Alabaminidae. 1967, p. 278-281, text figs. a-f (drawings).­ BAR BI ER I, FRANCESCO. Segnalazione dei generi L ockhartia lu ppovi sp. nov. Gaboll ella e G rimsdaleillella (Foraminiferi ) BULATOVA, Z. I. On finds of Foraminifera in Seno­ nel Cretacico dell' Appennino settentrionale.­ ni an deposits of North Sosva River (in Rus­ Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., v. 85, fa sc . I, 1966, p. sian).-Akad. Nauk SSS R, Sibirskoe Otdel., 13-20, 2 pls.- lIlustrations of associated species Geol. i Geofiz., No.2 (86), 1967, p. 86-91, (mostl y in Gaboll ella, Grimsdaleillella, Schack­ I pI. oilla, and Hedbergella ) from Cenomanian­ Turonian rocks. CATENACCI, ENZO, and MOLIN ARI , VIVIANA. Sull' eta dei conglomerati di Minturno (Lazio Me­ BARR, F. T., and GOHRBANDT, K. H. A. Thomas­ ridionale) .- Boll. Servo Geol. Ital ia, v. 86, illella pUllica, a Tethyan foramin ifer from the Anno 1965 ( 1966), p. 27-41, pIs. 1, 2 (geol. Cen omani an of central Tunisia .-Guidebook map, photomicrographs of Foraminifera).- to the Geology and History of Tunisia, Petrol. 1I1ustrati ons and lists of lower Pliocene species. Explor. Soc. Libya, 9th Field Coni., Amster­ dam, April 1967, p. 153 -15 8, text figs. 1-4 CHANTON , NICOLE. A propos de la presence de (maps, photomicrographs, drawings) .- Thin Lasiodiscidae (Foraminiferes) dans Ie Viseen beds composed almost exclusively of this spe­ t e r min a I du bassin houiller de Djerada cies indicate a quiet, shallow, and protected ( Maroc) .-C. R. S. Soc. Geol. France, fasc. 4, marine environment. May 8, 1967, p. 166-167, text figs. 1-4 (photo­ BERGER, WOLFGANG H ., and SOUTAR, ANDREW . micrographs) . Pl anktonic Foraminifera: Field experiment on COLEMAN, P. J ., and McTAVISH, R. A. Association production rate.--Science, v. 156, No. 3781, of Earl y Miocene pl anktonic and larger Fo­ June 16, 1967, p. 1495-1497, text fig. I raminifera from the Solomon Islands, south­ (graph) , table I.- In the' Santa Barbara Basin west Pacific.-Australi an Journ. Sci., Mel­ use of a sediment trap to catch sinking empty bourne Congress, Proc., v. 29, No. 10, April shells and open-closed net tows to determine 1967, p. 373-375, text figs. 1, 2 (maps).­ standing crops permits an estimate of turnover Larger Foramini fera typical of upper Tertiary CONTRIBUT IONS FROM THE CUSHMA:": FOUN DATION F OR FORAMINIFERAL RES EARCH 179

e and pl anktonics of the Calapsydrax dissimilis Heleroslegina.- Palaeontology, v. 10, pI. 2, zone, both indicative of Aquitanian age. June 1967, p. 314-316, pI. 51 (part) , text fig . CRESCENTI, UBERTO. Sulla biost ratigrafia del Mi­ 1 (di strib. diagram) .-Heleroslegilla adamsi ocene affiorante al confine marchigiano-abruz­ sp. nov. from tbe upper Palaeocene of Somalia. zese.-Geologica Romana, v. 5, 1966, p. I-54, EL-NAGGAR, Z. R. Planktonic Foraminifera in the pis. 1,2, text figs. 1-9 (correl. diagram, colum­ Thanet sands of England, and the position of nar sections, drawings) , tables 1-4 (correl. the Thanetian in Paleocene stratigrapby.­ charts, range charts) .- Four cenozones (Aqui­ lourn. Paleontology, v. 41 , No.3, May 1967, tanian, Langbian, Helvetian, and Tortonian) p. 575-586, text fi g. I (check list) .- Forty-nine and the Messinian thanatocenosis zone. Forty species and subspecies include some specimens species and 5 subspecies of pl anktonics de­ reworked from late Senonian and early and scribed and illustrated, 2 species new. middle Paleoce ne. The indigenous species per­ mit correlation with the beginning of late CUTBILL, J. L., and FORBES, C . L. Graphical aids for the description and analysis of variation in Paleocene. fu suline Foraminifera.-Palaeontology, v. 10, GEROCH, STANISLAW. Lower Cretaceous small Fo­ pI. 2, June 1967, p. 322-337, text fi gs. 1-1 3 raminifera of the Silesian Series, Polisb Car­ (drawings, graphs). patbians (English summary of Polisb text ).­ Ann. Soc. Geol. Pologne, v. 36, fasc. 4, Annee DELISE, KNOXIE C. Biostratigraphy of the San 1966, p. 413-480, text figs. 1-14 (map, colum­ Emigdio formation, Kern County, California. nar sections, graphs, 9 plates of fossils).­ - Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci., v. 68, May 5, Lists, descriptions, and illustrations of species; 1967, p. 1-67, pis. 1-7, text figs. 1-8 (maps, 2 species and I subspecies new. Ages are Ti­ columnar section, cbeck lists) .-Includes illus­ thonian to Albian, ?Cenomanian. trated systematic catalog of 123 species and varieties, 1 species new, from the Tejon for­ GIBSON, THOMAS G. Stratigraphy and paleoenvi­ mation and lower part of the Emigdio forma­ ronment of tbe pbospbatic Miocene strata of tion of late Eocene age. North Carolina.-Bull. Geol. Soc. America, v. DE ZANCHE, VITTORIO. Osservazioni sull a pato­ 78, No. 5, May 1967, p. 63 1-65 0, pi s. 1,2, text logia di Nummuliti ed Assiline e sui si ngolare figs. 1-4 (maps, correl. chart, columnar sec­ stato di conservazione di Alveoline nei pressi tion).-Tbe Pungo Ri ve r Formation is cor­ di Albanello in Valle del Chiampo (Vicenza). related with the Calvert Formation of Mary­ - Mem. Istit. Geol. Min. Univ. Padova, v. land by means of the G lobigerillalella insuela 25 , 1965-66,1966, p. 1-17, pis. 1,2, text figs. zone . Depth of deposition is determined from 1-15 (map, outcrop pboto, drawi ngs) .-Ex­ quantitati ve analys is of bentbonics and the amples of abnormal growth and healing of depth ranged in different parts of the section breaks and other examples of calcination from from 100-200 meters to less than 70 meters. volcanism. Deposition of tbe overlying Yorktown Forma­ tion occurred under conditions tbat gradually DROOGE R, C. W. Zonation of the Miocene by sballowed from 100 to less tban 15 meters and means of pl anktonic Foraminifera- a review probably became bracki sh and that warmed and some comments.-Internat. Uni on Geol. from cool-temperate to subtropical. Sci., Proc. 3rd Sess. in Berne 8-13 June 1964, 1966, p. 40-50, table 8.-Review of develop­ HA NSEN , HANS JORGEN . Description of seven type ment of planktonic zonation in various parts specimens of Foraminifera designated by d'Or­ of the world with comments by others intro­ bigny, 1826.-Biol. Medd. Kon. Dan. Vidensk. ducing different opinions and points of view. Selsk., Bind 23 , nr. 16, 1967, p. I-II , pis. 1-3. Notes on Miogypsilla of Cameroon.- Proc. 2nd --Seven lectotypes based on specimens recently West African Micropaleont. Colloquium, Iba­ discovered in the Museum in Copenhagen, and dan, Nigeria, June 18-July I, 1965, J. E. van representing species missing from tbe d'Orbigny Hinte, ed ., 1966, p. 44-48.-Association, in a collection in Paris. Gyroidilla is emended. well, of M. (Miogypsilloides ) balllamellsi,. Tan HAN ZA WA , SHOSHIRO. Three new Tertiary foram­ a nd M. (Miolepidocyc/ina) bllrdigalellsis iniferal genera from Florida, Saipan and (GUmbel) indicates Burdigalian age. Guam.-Trans. Proc. Paleont. Soc. Japan, n. DUTKEVI CH, G. A. A new Yabeil/a from the Up­ ser. , No. 65 , April 10, 1967, p. 19-25, pis. 3, per Permian of tbe soutb-eastern Pamirs (i n 4.-Qllasiborelis nov. (type species Borelis Russian).- Paleont. Zhurnal, 1967, no. I, p. gUllleri Cole) , Tayamaia nov. (type species 18-21, pI. I. Gypsil/a marial/ellsis Hanzawa). and Quasi­ EAMES, F. E. , and CLARKE, W. J . A Palaeocene rolalia nov. (type species Q. guamell sis nov.). 180 TODD-RECEN T LITERATU RE ON THE FORAl\iJNIFERA

HIGUCHI, Yu. Eponides bosoel/sis new name for changes in Globoro/alia pachyderma (Ehren­ Epol/ides asanoi Higuchi, preoccupied.-Trans. berg) .-Micropaleontology, v. 13, No.2, April Proc. Paleont. Soc. Japan, n. ser., No. 65, April 1967, p. 195-203 , text figs. 1-8 (map, drawings, 10, 1967, p. 26. graphs), tables 1-3.-ln Recent seas Globig­ eril/a pachyderma is coiled sinistrally in cold VAN HINTE, J. E. Bolivil/ oides from the Campan­ water and dextrally in warm. In New Zealand ian type section.-Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. the coiling of specimens in the upper Miocene, Wetenscbappen, ser. B, v. 70, No.3, 1967, p. Pliocene, and Pleistocene reveal 10 alterna­ 254-263 , pI. I, text figs. 1-4 (graphs, cor reI. di­ tions which are interpreted as indicating alter­ agram, range chart) , table I.- Zonation by nations of cold and warm temperatures. Bolivinoides compared witb correlation by Globo/rul/cana. KA NE, HENRY E. Recent microfaunal biofacies in Sabine Lake and environs, Texas and Louisi­ HOFKER, JAN, JR. Primitive Orbi/oides from Spain. ana.-Journ. Paleontology, v. 41 , No.4, July -Micropaleontology, v. 13 , No.2, April 1967, 1967, p. 947-964, text figs. 1-30 (maps, check p. 243-249, pIs. 1,2, text figs. 1-5 (map, draw­ lists), tables 1-3.-Present-day biofacies in ings, grapb) .-Two species from the upper Sabine Lake are Haplophragmoides-Miliam­ Santonian. mina and A mmobaculi/es, with S/reblus-EI­ HOFMANN , G ERHARD W. Vber Suggrunda porosa phidium near the narrow pass to tbe Gulf of Hoffmeister & Berry (Foram.) aus der ostbay­ Mexico and Miliolidae in tbe neritic zone of eriscben Molasse.-Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palliont. the Gulf. Cores from the lake bottom reveal Mh., Band 6, June 1967, p. 342-349, text figs. the previous existence of the two latter bio­ 1-5 (range cbart, drawings, graphs) .-Found facies within Sabine Lake, denoting a former in Oligocene and Miocene well material of the freer communication witb the Gulf. Molasse Basin in environments of reduced KRIJNEN, J. P. Pseudorbitoid Foraminifera from oxygen content. C ura~ao. 1 and II.-Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. HOTfINGER, L. He/eros/egina, GrzybolVskia et Wetenscbappen, ser. B, v. 70, No.2, 1967, p. Spiroc/ypeus Neogenes du Maroc.-Internat. 144-164, pis. 1-6, text figs. 1-7 (map, drawings, Union Geol. Sci., Proc. 3rd Sess. in Berne 8-13 graphs) , tables 1-4.-Three species, 1 new. June 1964, 1966, p. 61-69, pIs. 13-15, table 16 LEE, JOHN J ., FREUDENTHAL, HUGO D., Kossoy, (range chart) .-Illustrations of closely related VI CTOR, and BE, ALLAN. Cytological observa­ evolutionary forms in the 3 genera, with their tions on two pl anktonic Foraminifera, Globig­ respective stratigraphic ranges indicated. eril/a bul/oides d'Orbigny, 1826, and Globiger­ Les Ammonia dans Ie Miocene Superieur et Pli­ iI/ aides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839) Cushman, ocene Marocain.- Internat. Union Geol. Sci., I 927.- Journ. Protozoology, v. 12, No.4, Proc. 3rd Sess. in Berne 8-13 June 1964, 1966, 1965, p. 531-542, pIs. 1-5. p. 117-123; pis. 35-37, table 16 (range chart) . LIPPS, JERE H. Planktonic Foraminifera, intercon­ -Illustrations of 4 species-groups in Ammonia tinental correlation and age of California mid­ (i.e. beccarii, pUl/c/a/o-gral/osa, inf/a/a, and Cenozoic microfaunal stages.- Journ. Paleon­ papil/osa) , with their respective stratigrapbic tology, v. 41, No.4, July 1967, p. 994-999, ranges indicated. text figs . 1-4 (map, range cbarts, correl. cbart). IGo, HISAYOSHI. Some Permian Fusulinids from -Charts sbow correlation between European Pabang, Malaya, in Geology and Paleontology and California stages and the tropical plank­ of Southeast Asia, vol. 3, compiled and edited tonic zonation. Ranges of 29 planktonic spe­ by TEICHI KOBAYASHI and Rvuzo TORIYAMA. cies in California, as compared witb tbeir -Univ. Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1966, p. 30-38, ranges in tropical areas, are in most instances pis. 4-9, text figs. I, 2 (map, outcrop pboto), more restricted. tables I, 2.-Four species, 1 new: Pseudo­ LUDBROOK, NELLY HOOP ER . Correlation of Ter­ jusulil/a gob belli. tiary rocks of tbe Australasian region.-Ter­ J EN KINS, D. GRAHAM. Two lineages from tbe Neo­ tiary Correlations and Climatic Changes in tbe gene pl anktonic Foraminifera of tbe Austral­ Pacific, Feb. 28, 1967, p. 7-19, text figs. 1-3 asian region.-Internat. Union Geol. Sci., Proc. (map, range cbart, correl. table) .-Ranges of 3rd Sess. in Berne 8-13 June 1964, 1966, p. 23- 28 significant species of planktonics indicated 29, pis. 2, 3, table 4 (range chart).-The Glo­ between Paleocene and Pliocene. bigerina 1V0odi-Orbulil/a ul/iversa lineage and MATEU, GUILLERMO MATEU. Contribuci6n al con­ the Globoro/alia barisal/el/sis-G. opima COI/­ ocimiento de los Foraminiferos vivientes. Estu­ tinuosa lineage. dio sistematico y bioecol6gico de los Foram­ Recent distribution, origin, and coiling rat i 0 iniferos vivientes del Iitoral catalano-balear. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAl'; FOt:NDATION F OR FORAMINrFERAL RESEARCH 181

-Univ. Barcelona, tesis doctoral, 1966, p. 1-19, Cretaceo-Terziaria del Molinetto di Pederobba text figs. 1-5 (maps, graph, photomicrographs), (Trevigiano occidentale) .- Mem. Istit. Geol. table (showing occur. and abund.).-Quantita­ Min. Univ. Padova, v. 25, 1965-66, 1966, p. tive analysis according to habitat (algae; leaves, 1-44, pI s. 1-5, table I (range chart) .-IIIus­ stems or sediment of Posidonia beds; mud or trated systematic catalog of 37 planktonic spe­ sand) and depth (25, 50,75, or 100 meters) . cies. Six West Indian zones--one in the upper Occurrence of about 150 species is recorded. Maestrichtian and 5 in the I1erdian and Cuisian MOHAN, MADAN , and SOODAN, K. S. Inordinato­ -are recognized. sphaera-a new genus of Globigerinidae.­ RAINWATER, E. H . Miocene of the Gulf Coastal Geol. Soc. India Bull., v. 4, No. I, Jan. 1967, Plain of the United States of America.-Proc. p. 22-25, I pl.- lnordinatosphaera indica n. 2nd West African Micropaleont. Colloquium, gen., n. sp. from the middle Eocene of Kutch Ibadan, Nigeria, June 18-July I, 1965, J. E. superficially resembles Globigerinatella but dif­ van Hinte, ed., 1966, p. 141-161, text figs. 1- fers in lacking areal apertures. 14 (correl. chart, outcrop and structure maps, geol. sections, strat. range chart, columnar sec­ MOSTA RDlNI, F., PIERI , M., and PIRINI, C. Stratig­ tions) .-A review of the thick deltaic sedimen­ rafia del Foglio 212, Montalbano lonico.­ tation and the use of Foraminifera in working Boll. Servo Geol. Italia, v. 87, 1966, p. 57-1 43, out the hi story of transgressions and regressions. text figs. I-57 (maps, columnar sections, geol. sections, outcrop photos, photomicrographs of REYMENT, R. A. Procedures of quantitative evalu­ foram assemblages and of thin sections).­ ation of variability in foraminifers.- Proc. 2nd Boli vina lucaml sp. n. is described from the West African Micropaleont. Colloquium, Iba­ lower Pliocene. Several Foraminifera assem­ dan, Nigeria, June IS-July I, 1965, 1. E. van blages are illustrated from formations between Hinte, ed., 1966, p. 176-203, tables 1-13.-Us­ Upper Cretaceous and Quaternary. ing a Paleocene species of Afrobolivina. MURRAY, J. W. Transparent and opaque foram­ Excursion to thc Ewekoro area, western Nigeria. iniferid tests.-Journ. Paleontology, v. 41, No. -Proc. 2nd West African M icropaleont. Col­ 3, May 1967, p. 791.-Lowered pH causes loquium, Ibadan, Nigeria, June 18-July I, transparent tests to turn opaque. 1965, J. E. van Hinte, ed., 1966, p. 275-291, pIs. I , 2, text fi gs . 1-3 (map, columnar sec­ MUYLA ERT, J. Le genre Cyclammil1a au Maroc tions) , table 1 (correl. table) .-IIIustrated Septentrional.-Internat. Union Geol. Sci., check list includes 46 species of smaller Fo­ Proc. 3rd Sess. in Berne 8-13 June 1964, 1966, raminifera (9 new and 13 indeterminate) from p. 127-133, pIs. 40-43.-IIIustrations of 5 spe­ the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene. cies in the Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene. PAPP, A. Evolution von Nannoplankton und Fo­ Ross, CHARLES A. Late Paleozoic Fusulinacea from raminiferen im mittleren Neogen Mitteleuropas. nonhern Yukon Territory.-Journ. Paleontol­ -Internat. Union Geol. Sci., Proc. 3rd Sess. in ogy, v. 4 1, 0.3, May 1967, p. 709-725, pIs. Berne 8-13 June 1964, 1966, p. 70-77, pIs. 17- 79-86, text figs . 1, 2 (map, di agram), table I. 21 (range chart, drawings) .- lIIustrations of -Nineteen species (9 new and 6 indetermi­ evolutionary series in Heterostegina and 3 nate) . groups of Uvigerina. Eoparafusulina from tbe Neal Ranch Formation PARKER, FRANCES L. Late Tertiary biostratigraphy (Lower Permian), west Texas.-Journ. Pale­ (planktonic Foraminifera) of tropical Indo­ ontology, v. 41 , No.4, July 1967, p. 943-946, Pacific deep-sea cores.-Bull. Am. Paleontol­ pI. 124, text fig. I (phylogenetic diagram).­ ogy, v. 52, No. 235, June 30, 1967, p. 111-208, A new species and a new subgenus. pIs. 17-32, text figs. 1-5 (correl. chart, range SABINS, FLOYD F., JR. , and Ross, CHARLES A. Stra­ chart, core diagrams, drawings) , tables 1-4 tigraphy and fusulinids of Naco Group in Chi­ (local. data, check lists) .-Important study ricahua and Dos Cabezas Mountains, Arizona. based on 18 deep-sea cores, 1 dredge sample, -New Mexico Geol. Soc., Guidebook, 16th and 5 outcrop samples from Fiji and encom­ Field Conf., Oct. 15-17, 1965, p. 14S-157, text passing zones N.16 (of the middle Miocene) figs. 1-5 (columnar sections, map, drawings of to N .23 (upper part of the Quaternary) of the fusulinid sections, range charts). Banner and Blow zonation. Fifty-seven species SALAJ, JOZEF, BIELY, ANTON, and BYSTRICKY, lAN. (4 new) are described and illustrated and Die Foraminiferen in der Trias der Westkar­ their classification is discussed . paten.-Archives des Sci., v. 19, fasc. 2, May­ PROTO D ECIMA , FRANCA, and ZORZI, PAOLO. Studio Aug. 1966, p. 211-218, pIs. I, 2.-Fifteen spe­ micropaleontologico-stratigrafico della s e r i e cies illustrated in thin sections of rock. 182 T ODD-RECE N T LlTERA T U RE ON THE FOR A?lU N IFERA

SAMANTA, BIMAL K. DiscocyC/illa from the early STEHLI, F. G. Some applications of foraminiferal Tertiary sediments of Pondicherry, south India. ecology.-Pr,?c. 2nd West African Micropale­ - Micropaleontology, v. 13, No.2, April 1967, ont. Colloquium, Ibadan, Nigeria, June 18- p. 233-242, pI. I, text figs. 1-5 (map, outlines, July I, 1965, J. E. van Hinte, ed., 1966, p. 223- graph, drawings) , tables 1-6.- D. ramaraoi n. 239, text figs. 1-14 (graphs, maps).-Models sp. from upper Paleocene and lower Eocene. based on environmental responses in modern SANDERSON , G . A. A bibli ography of the family forms can be used in determining past features, Fusulinidae, addendum 4.- Journ. Paleon:ol­ such as bathymetry, oceanic circulation, polar wandering, etc. ogy, v. 41 , No. 4, July 1967, p. 1006-1012. TODD, RUTH , and Low, DORIS. Recent Foraminif­ SASTRI, V. V. A note on the Foraminifera and era from the Gulf of Al aska and southeastern Ostracoda from tbe Inter-trappean beds near Alaska.-U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 573- Rajahmundry.- Records Geol. Survey India, A, June 26, 1967, p. 1-46, pis. 1-5, text fig. 1 v. 92, pt. 2, 1963 , p. 299-310, pI. 35 .-Four (map), tables I, 2.- Illustrated systematic cat­ species of Foraminifera, 2 new, from the alog includes 140 species, 3 indeterminate, lower Eocene. none new. SASTRI, V. V., CHANDRA , A., and PANT, S. C. Fo­ TOWE, KENNETH M. , and CIFELLI , RI CHARD. Wall raminifera from the Raghavapuram shales near ultrastructure in the calcareous Foraminifera: Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.- Records G eo I . crystallographic aspects and a model for cal­ Survey India, v. 92, pt. 2, 1963, p. 311-314, pI. cification.-Journ. Paleontology, v. 41, No. 3, 36.- An arenaceous assemblage from the Low­ May 1967, p. 742-762, pis. 87-99.-Electron er Cretaceous: 2 species and a new variety. microscopic study based on 3 radial, 3 gran­ SCOTT, G. H. Description of an experimental class ular, and 3 porcellaneous species, illustrated hy within the Globigerinidae (Foraminifera)-2. 33 electron photomicrographs. A major taxo­ -New Zealand Journ. Geol. Geophysics, v. nomic division into radial and granular types 10, No. I, March 1967, p. 55-73, text fi gs. 1- is not supported but the porcellaneous group is 16 (graphs and drawings) , table I. distinct from the other two. SEIGLl E, G EORG E A., a nd BERMUDEZ, PEDRO J. TURENKO, T . V. On Upper Cretaceous foraminif­ Notes on genus Tosaia Takayanagi in America ers of Naiba River in southern Sakhalin (Eng­ and description of a new species.- Caribbean lish abstract of Russian text) .-Akad. Nauk Journ. Sci ., v. 6, No. I & 2, March-June 1966, SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdel., Geol. i Geofiz., No. 12, p. 65-69, pI. I, text figs. 1,2 (drawing, graph) . 1966, p. 72-78, range and abund. chart.-Oc­ - Recent off Venezuela and in the Miocene of currence and abundance plotted for about 20 Venezuela and Panama. species in a section from Cenomanian to Paleocene. SINNI, ELENA LUP ERTO. Presenza di Foraminiferi ZERNETSKY, B. F., and SELIN, Y. 1. Significance of Giurassici nei Calcari con selce di S. Fele.­ finding N ummllliles liloralis Zern. of the Bolt­ Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., v. 85, fasc. 2, 1966, p. ysh depression for the stratigraphy of shallow 275-285, text figs. 1-7 (photomicrographs).­ Paleogenesediments (English abstract of Ukrain­ Mainly Prolopeneroplis, Labyrilllhilla, and ian text) .- Dopovidi Akad. Nauk Ukrains'­ [lEv a/ulilla. koj RSR, ser. geol., geofiz., khim., bioI., 1967, SKINN ER, JOHN W. , and WILDE, GARN ER L. Eo­ No.4, p. 302-305, text fi gs. 1-5. lVaerillgella, new generic designation for fu su­ linids of the group of Wedekilldellilla ullimala RUTH TODD Newell and Keroher.-Journ. Paleontology, v. U. S. Geological Survey 41 , No.4, July 1967, p. 1004-1005. Washington, D. C. CUSHMAN FOUND A n O;\ FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH. INC. 1967

PATRONS

ARTHUR N . DUSENBURY, J R.. 19 Sherman Ave., White Plains, New York WALDO L. SCHMITT, . S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. SUN OIL COMPANY, Dallas, Texas

FELLOWS

HAROLD V. ANDERSEN , Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana HARRY W. ANISG.'RD, Humble Oil & Refining Co., New Orleans, Louisiana ZACH M. ARNOLD, Univ. California, Berkeley, California ORVILLE L. BANDY, Univ. Southern California, Los Angeles, California C. LOTHROP BARTLETT, 842 East Drive, Beaumont, Texas R. STANLEY BECK, 621 Truxtun, Bakersfield, California LEROY E. BECKER, R. D. I, Spencer, Indiana NOEL BROWN, JR ., Esso Production Research Co., Houston, Texas JAMES BUSH, 1900 S. Eads, Arlington, Virginia CHEVRON RESEARCH CORP., La Habra, California RICHARD CIFELLI, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. DANA K. CLARK, Shell Oil Co., Los Angeles, California W. STORRS COLE, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York G. ARTHUR COOPER, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. RAYMOND C. DOUGLASS, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. JOHN B. DUNLAP, 167 O.K. Ave., New Orleans, Louisiana ROB ERT L. ELLISON, Univ. Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Esso PRODUCTION RES EA RCH CO., Houston, Texas ROB ERTA K. SMITH EVERNDEN, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D . C. M. A. FURRER , Creole Petroleum Corp., Caracas, Venezuela J. B. GARRETT, JR., Pan American Petroleum Corp., Houston, Texas GEOLOGISCH·PALAONTOLOGISCHES INST., Univ. Kiel, Kiel, Germa ny G EORGE L. HARRINGTON , 850 Webster St., Palo Alto, California HOLLIS D . HEDBERG, 118 Liberty Place, Princeton, New Jersey LLOYD G. HEN BEST, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. MRS. F . H . KI ERSTEAD, Smith College, Northampton, M assachusetts ROB ERT M. KLEINP ELL, 5959 Margarido Drive, Oakland, California H. G . KUGLER, Natural History Museum, Basel, Switzerland DORIS L. Low, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. G EORGE W. LYNTS, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina DONALD A. MYERS, Federal Center, D enver, Colorado ENRICO F. DINAPOLI, Via G. A. Guttani 14, Rome, Italy NATUR. VEREIN FUR STEIERMARK, Graz, Austria KATHERIN E V. W . PALMER, Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York FRANCES L. PARKER, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California FRED B PHLEGER, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California MORTON POLUGAR, Standard Oil Co. of California, Oildale, California C. M. QUIGLEY, 5303 Brae Burn Drive, Bellaire, Texas CHARLES A. Ross, Western Washington State College, Bellingham, Washington K . NORMAN SACHS, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. F. MARION SETZER, 536 College St., Bellaire, Texas CHARLES R. STELCK, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada HANS E. THALMANN, P. O. Box 4407, Stanford, California M. RUTH TODD, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. DONALD F. TOOMEY, Pan American Petroleum Corp., Tulsa, Oklahoma JAMES A. WATERS, 308 Sbadywood Lane, Seagoville, Texas R. T. D. WICKENDEN, 2757 Dunlevy St., Victoria, Canada VIRGIL WINKLER, clo Creole Petroleum Corp., Caracas, Venezuela A. E. WIRZ, clo Lavan Petroleum Co., Tehran, Iran GORDON A. YOUNG, clo Mene Grande Oil Co., Caracas, Venezuela I:\OEX TO \ 'OLW- IE XVIII, 1967

Akers, W. H. a nd C. W. Poag e G foi>izuina nepelllhes Todd of Pliocene Age from the G ulf C American species of Miogl'P inid (\ar ~er Foraminifera), A Review of. By W. Storrs Cole Angell, R. W. : Test reca lcifi ation in Rosalifla {lorida fla (Cushman ) ...... Annotated bibliography of Paleozoi nonfu ulinid Fora minifera, Addendum 4. By D. F. T~ a nd B. Mamet ...... Antarctica, New Fora minifera from the Ro Sea. By 1. P. Kennett ...... I:; " A review of American specie of ~I i o~psin i d (larger fora minifera). By W. Storrs Cole 99 A revised classificatio n of the fam il ~ 0 ' oc~c1i n i da e G a ll oway. By B. K. Samanta .. I • Ariyalur Stage of Vridhachalam and Pondi herr y. India, New species of Upper Cretaceou foram- inifera fro m the Lower. B ~ R. K Banerji ...... A taxonomic reinterpretation and emenda tion of the genus Techlli/ella Norman 1878. By D. H2JJUll

Bandy, 0 ., W. E. Frerichs. a nd E. \ 'i",-"nt: Origip. development and geologic significance of S n>- gfoboqlladrilla Ba nd y. Freri hs and \ ·in -ent. ge n. nov...... Ba nerji, R. K.: ew specie o f t;pper C retaceous foraminifera from the Lower Ariya lur Stal'" of Vridhachala m and Po ndi he'D . India ...... Barr, F. T.: Bolil'illoides c ll l\"er~nsU. Ile\lr. name for the Campania n foramini fer B. hillermall ll; Barr Be, A. W. H .: Globorotalia cal u nuJa. a ~'" species of pla nktonic foraminifera from the uhan:· arctic Pacific Ocea n ...... Bi bli ogra phy of Pa leozoic nonfusulinid foraminifera, Addendum 4, Annotatd. By D. F. Toome} and B. Mamet ...... Bolivill oides clll"erell sis, ne" name for the Campanian foraminife r B. hil/erlllalllli Barr. By F. T . Barr ......

Cementation in Haplo phragm oidn caflariellsis, Wa ll structure a nd. By K. M . Towe . .... I.! - Cifelli , R.: Distributiona l an al ~ i of , orth Atlantic foraminifera coll ected in 196 1 during Cruises 17 a nd 21 of the R/ C hain ...... II C lassifi cati on of the fam il y D i oqclinidae G a ll oway, A revised. By B. K. Samanta ...... I&; Cole, W. S.: A review of American pecies o f Miogypsinids ( la rger Foraminifera) 99 Correcti o ns ...... Cretaceous foraminifera from the Lo"er A riya lur Stage of Vridhachalam and Pondicherry, India. New species of Upper. B ~ R. K . Ba nerji......

Discocyclinidae Galloway. A re'ised la ificatio n of the family. By B. K. Sama n!a .. I&; Distrib uti onal a nalysis of orth Allanti foram inifera coll ected in 196 1 d uring C ruises 17 a nd 2 1 of the R/V C hain. By R. C ife lli II

Egypt, Globo/rli ll calla calicijormiJ' the ~I a e tric hti a n Sharawna Sha le of. By Z. EI·Naggar and J. H aynes ...... Egypt, Pl a nkto ni c foraminifera from the ~ liocene rocks of the Gulf of Suez region. By R. Said a nd 1. EI-Hein y ...... 14 EI·H einy, l. (with R . Said ): Plan 100 - 'onminifera from the Mioce ne rocks of the Gulf of Suez region, Egypt 1-1 EI· Naggar, Z. a nd 1. H aynes : Glo (;; ·rmis in the Maestri chtian Sha rawna Shale of ~y ~ .. I Emendati o n of the genus Tecllllitella ~ on:u.:I I - ••-\ lal.ooomic reinter preta tion a nd . By D. Hama n 27

Foraminifera from the Miocene roc ' of the G . Egypt, planktonic. By R. Sa id a nd I. EI·Hei ny ...... 14 Foraminifera from the Ross Sea, A ntarctica. ~ _ ennetl ...... 113 Foramini fe ra, Recent literature on the. B ~ R T 31 , 88, 137, 178 Frerichs, W. E. (with O. Bandy and E. Vioc 0.-=:.. ent a nd geologic significance of Neagloboqlladrilla Bandy, Frerichs a nd \ -cx=... 152

Glabigerilla lI epellthes Todd of Pl iocene age from : C B ~ C. W. Poag and W . H. Akers 168 Globoro/alia cavemula, a new species of pla n toni.: i":ln",",<=:' ,~:::~ • om the subantarctic Pacific Ocean. By A. W. H . Be ...... 128 Glabo/rllI/ callO calicijormis in the M aestrichtian Sb;u;.... ,Q • Eg) pI. By Z. EI·Naggar a nd J . Haynes ...... G ulf Coast, Globigerilla lIepellth es Todd of Plioo:r>e Oi;'l' :1><: . By C . W. Poag and W. H . Akers .. 168

H aman, D.: A taxonomic rein terpretati on and erne 1"1' Techllitella Norman 1878 27 Haplaphragmoides c(ll1ariellsis, Wall structure and ceme B:- K . ~1. Towe . 147 H aynes, 1. (wi tb Z. EI· aggar): Glabotrllllcalla calid ' .' ~ I a trichtia n Sharawna Shale of Egypt ...... 1

Ind ia, New species of U pper C retaceous foraminifera from . ~ alur Stage of Vridhach· alam and Pondicherry. By R. K. Banerji 158

Kennett, 1. P.: New fora minifera from the Ross Sea, ArIUJr;:x;a. 133 Laboratory cultures, Variation in test morphology of Trilocutilla lilllleialla d·Orbigny. By D. Schnitker ...... 84 (Larger foraminifera) , A review of American species of Miogypsinids. By W. Storrs Cole ... . 99 Maestrichtian Sharawna Shale of Egypt, Globotrullcalla catici/ormis in the. By Z. EI-Naggar and J. Haynes ...... _...... I Mamet, B. (with D. F. Toomey): Annotated bibliography of Paleozoic nonfusulinid foraminif- era, Addendum 4 ...... 55 Miogypsinids (larger foraminifera) , A review of American species of. By W. Storrs Cole ...... 99 Neogloboquadrilla Bandy, Frerichs and Vincent, gen. nov., Origin, development and geologic signif- icance of. By O. Bandy, W. E. Frerichs and E Vincent ...... 152 New foraminifera from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. By J. P. Kennett ...... 133 New name for the Campanian foraminifer B. hiltermalllli Barr, Bolivilloides culverellSis. By F. T. Barr ...... 136 New species of planktonic foraminifera from the subantarctic Pacific Ocean, Globorotalia cave",ula, A. By A. W. H. Be ...... 128 New species of Upper Cretaceous foraminifera from the Lower Ariyalur Stage of Vridhachalam and Pondicherry, India. By R. K. Ba nerji ...... 158 Nonfusulinid foraminifera, Addendum 4, Annotated bibliography of Paleozoic. By D . F. Toomey and B. Mamet ...... 55 North Atlantic foraminifera collected in 1961 during Cruises 17 and 21 of the R/ V Chain, Distri- butional analysis of. By R. Cifelli ...... 118

Origin, development and geologic significance of Neogloboquadrilla Bandy, Frerichs and Vincent, gen. nov. By O. Bandy, W. E. Frerichs and E Vincent ...... 152

Pacific Ocean, Globorotalia ca vernllla, a new species of pl anktonic foraminifera from the subant- arctic. By A . W. H. Be ...... 128 Paleozoic nonfusulinid foraminifera, Addendum 4, Annotated bibliography of. By D. F. Toomey and B. Mamet ...... 55 Planktonic foraminifera from the Miocene rocks of the Gulf of Suez region, Egypt. By R. Said and I. EI-Heiny ...... 14 Pliocene Age from the Gulf Coast, Globigerilla lI epellthes Todd of. By C. W. Poag and W . H . Akers ...... 168 Poag, C. W. and W . H . Akers: Globigerilla lI epellthes Todd of Pliocene Age from the Gulf Coast 168 Recalcification of Rosalilla fl oridalla (Cushman) , Test. By R. W. Angell ...... 176 Recent literature on the foraminifera. By Ruth Todd ...... 31 , 88, 137, 178 Reinterpretation and emendation of the genus Tecllllitelfa Norman 1878, A taxonomic. By D. Haman ...... 27 Review of American species of Miogypsinids (larger foraminifera), A . By W . S. Cole ...... 99 Revised classification of the family Discocyclinidae Galloway, A . By B. K. Samanta ...... 164 Rosalilla floridalla (Cushman) , Test recalcification in. By R. W. Angell ...... 176 Ross Sea, Antarctica, New foraminifera from the. By J. P. Kennett ...... 133 R / V Chain, Distributional analysis of North Atlantic foraminifera collected in 1961 during Cruises 17 and 21 of the. By R. Cifelli ...... 118

Said, R. and T. EI-Heiny: Planktonic foraminifera from the Miocene rocks of the Gulf of Suez region, Egypt ...... 14 Samanta, B. K.: A revised cl assification of the family Discocyclinidae Galloway ...... 164 Schnitker, D .: Variation in test morphology of Triloclllilla lilllleialla d'Orbigny in laboratory cultures 84 Sharawna Shale of Egypt, Globotrllllcalla calici/ormis in the Maestrichtian. By Z. EI-Naggar and J. Haynes ...... Subantarctic Pacific Ocean, Globorotalia cave",lIla, a new species of planktonic foraminifera from the. By A. W. H. Be.. ._...... 128

Taxonomic reinterpretation and emendation of the ge nus Tecllllitelfa Norman 1878. By D . Haman 27 Test recalcification in Rosalilla floridalla (Cushman). By R. W. Angell ...... 176 Todd, Ruth: Recent li terature on the foraminifera...... 31, 88, 137, 178 Toomey, D . F . a nd B. Mamet: Annotated bibliography of Paleozoic nonfusulinid foraminifera, Addendum 4 ...... _...... 55 Towe, K. M. : Wall structure and cementation in Haplophragmoides callariellsis 147 Triloclililla lillll eialla d'Orbigny in laboratory cultures, Variation in test morphology of. By D. Schnitker ...... _...... 84

Vincent, E. (with O. Bandy and W. E. Frerichs): Origin, development and geologic significance of Neogloboqlladrilw Bandy, Frerichs and Vincent...... 152

Wall structure a nd cementation in Haplophragmoides callariellSis. By K. M . Towe ...... 147