DOCSLIB.ORG

Rostaniha 17(2), 2016 115

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rostaniha 17(2), 2016 115 Archive of SID Ghosta et al. / Study on coprophilous fungi …/ Rostaniha 17(2), 2016 115 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.109405 رﺳﺘﻨﯿﻬﺎ Rostaniha 17(2): 115–126 (2016) (1395) 115-126 :(2)17 Study on coprophilous fungi: new records for Iran mycobiota Received: 26.04.2016 / Accepted: 23.10.2016 Youbert Ghosta: Associate Prof. in Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran ([email protected]) Alireza Poursafar: Researcher, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Jafar Fathi Qarachal: Researcher, Department of Plant Protection, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Abstract In a study on coprophilous fungi, different samples including cow, sheep and horse dung and mouse feces were collected from different locations in West and East Azarbaijan provinces (NW Iran). Isolation of the fungi was done based on moist chamber culture method. Purification of the isolated fungi was done by single spore culture method. Several fungal taxa were obtained. Identification of the isolates at species level was done based on morphological characteristics and data obtained from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA sequences. In this paper, five taxa viz. Arthrobotrys conoides, Botryosporium longibrachiatum, Cephaliophora irregularis, Oedocephalum glomerulosum, and Podospora pauciseta, all of them belong to Ascomycota, are reported and described. All these taxa are new records for Iran mycobiota. Keywords: Ascomycota, biodiversity, dung fungi, internal transcribed spacer, moist chamber ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭘﺮوﻓﯿﻞ: ﺛﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﻮﺗﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﯽ اﯾﺮان درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 07/02/1395 / ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 1395/08/02 ﯾﻮﺑﺮت ﻗﻮﺳﺘﺎ: داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اروﻣﯿﻪ، اروﻣﯿﻪ، اﯾﺮان ([email protected]) ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻮرﺻﻔﺮ: ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، ﮐﺮج، اﯾﺮان ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﯽ ﻗﺮهﭼﺎل: ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اروﻣﯿﻪ، اروﻣﯿﻪ، اﯾﺮان ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ROSTANIHA در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭘﺮوﻓﯿﻞ (ﺳﺮﮔﯿﻦدوﺳﺖ)، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﭘﻬﻦ ﮔﺎو، ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ، اﺳﺐ و ﻓﻀﻠﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮش، از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ و ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﮐﺸﺖ در ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺧﺎﻟﺺﺳﺎزي ﺟﺪاﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﺗﮏﻫﺎگ ﮐﺮدن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ آراﯾﻪ ﻗﺎرﭼﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ آي.ﺗﯽ.اس. از دي.ان.اي رﯾﺒﻮزوﻣﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻪاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﭘﻨﺞ آراﯾﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ,Arthrobotrys conoides Botryosporium longibrachiatum, Cephaliophora irregularis, Oedocephalum glomerulosum و Podospora pauciseta ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آراﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﻮﺗﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﯽ اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: آﺳﮑﻮﻣﯿﮑﻮﺗﺎ، ﺑﺨﺶ روﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه داﺧﻠﯽ، ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻦدوﺳﺖ، ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب www.SID.ir Archive of SID 116 Ghosta et al. / Study on coprophilous fungi …/ Rostaniha 17(2), 2016 Introduction species from 11 genera in five orders were identified Coprophilous fungi encompass a diverse (Mungai et al. 2011). According to Misra et al. (2014), ecological group of fungi which are adapted to live in 52 genera of Zygomycota (s.l.), 169 of Ascomycota, and animal feces and play an important role in the 33 of Basidiomycota have been associated with at least decomposition and recycling of nutrients, the carbon one type of dung as a substrate. Research on flow and ecosystem energetic (Angel & Wicklow 1975, coprophilous fungi in Iran is still rare and the Richardson 2001, Melo et al. 2016). These fungi have biodiversity of dung fungi was remained unexplored. The developed certain features to adapt themselves to the main objective of this study is to isolate and identify dung environment (Misra et al. 2014), are able to fungi found on various dung types in different locations withstand and in most cases, dependent on passes of West and East Azarbaijan provinces (NW Iran). through the digestive tract of the animals to facilitate spore germination (Richardson 2003, 2008). Materials and Methods Representatives of nearly all taxonomic groups of fungi - Dung samples could be found in animal dung (Crous et al. 2009) and it Samples of cow, horse and sheep dung and mouse seems that they are specialized to some extent on feces which were appeared to be relatively recent were particular types of dung (Krug et al. 2004). Dung collected from different parts of West and East contains a large quantity of readily available nutrients Azarbaijan provinces (NW Iran). Each sample was such as carbohydrates, high nitrogen content, vitamins placed in a clean paper bag, labeled and transferred to the and growth factors (Webster 1970). Some laboratory. The samples were air dried and stored at physicochemical factors such as temperature and room temperature in sealed paper bags for further moisture content, pH, stage of decay and type of animal examinations. have profound influence on dung mycobiota. Many - Fungal isolation coprophilous micro-organisms produce important Fungi isolation was done based on moist chamber chemicals that may inhibit competing and invading method. Each dung sample was placed in a sterile Petri organisms or stimulate fungal growth and are considered plate (10 cm diameter) containing a moistened sterile to have promising biological activity (Singh & Webster filter paper. Care was taken to ensure that the samples 1973, Wicklow 1988, Gloer 1997, Lehr et al. 2006). were not too wet. Petri plates were incubated at room Based on available literature, most describedROSTANIHA dung fungi temperature (20–25º C) and under ambient light for two were attained from dung of various animals in temperate months. Plates were examined periodically with a regions of the world. Diversity, distribution and different dissecting microscope for fungal growth and sporulation capabilities of coprophilous fungi have been reported in or fruit body formation. Where needed, a small amount several studies (Nyberg & Persson 2002, Bell 2005, of sterile distilled water was added to moisten the filter Piasai & Manoch 2009, Mungai et al. 2011, Prydiuk paper. The growing fungi were directly isolated using a 2011). In a study on coprophilous fungi from 32 fine sterile needle to pick up the fungal spores from the herbivore dung samples in Iceland, 81 species of dung samples and were transferred onto the PDA (potato coprophilous fungi were identified (Richardson 2004). In dextrose agar, Merck, Germany) medium. Pure cultures a latter addition to the coprophilous fungi of Iceland, 19 of the growing fungi were obtained by single spore new species were recorded (Richardson 2011). In a study method (Crous et al. 2009). Purified fungi were on the fungi from dung of four domesticated wild transferred into slants of PCA (potato carrot agar) and herbivores, 52 species were identified (Gupta 2010). PDA culture media containing a piece of filter paper for Study on coprophilous ascomycetes from northern storage. In cases that fruit bodies were formed, these Thailand showed high diversity of these fungi and fungal structures were removed individually and www.SID.ir Archive of SID Ghosta et al. / Study on coprophilous fungi …/ Rostaniha 17(2), 2016 117 mounted in pure Lactic acid or sterile distilled water for sequences were performed using the BLASTn examination at higher magnifications. Representative algorithm from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) isolates were deposited in the Fungal Reference and incorporated to the analysis (Table 1). Collection of the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture The multiple sequence alignment was done (“IRAN”) located at Iranian Research Institute of Plant with the program MAFFT V. 7.304 Protection, Tehran, and the Fungal Culture Collection of (http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/index.html) (Katoh the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of & Standley 2013), and was adjusted manually. For Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran (UU). phylogenetic analysis, distance matrix was calculated - Identification of fungi using Kimura two parameter method (Kimura 1980), and Morphological characteristics were assessed for analyzed with the Neighbor Joining method (Saitou & 7- and 14-day-old cultures on PCA, PDA and MEA Nei 1987) in MEGA 6 (Tamura et al. 2013). The based on identification manuals (Haard 1968, Mirza & reliability of inferred phylogenetic tree was evaluated by Cain 1969, Stalpers 1974, Richardson & Watling 1997, bootstrap values with 1000 replicates (Felsenstein 1985). Bell 2005, Doveri 2008). Colony colors were described Ermothecium gossypii (GenBank accession number: based on Rayners mycological color chart (Rayner 1970). AY046216) was used as outgroup. Fifty measurements of each characteristic taxonomic structure were made. Identification was made based on Results macro- and micro-morphological characteristics and A total of 60 dung samples were processed. sequences obtained from ITS region of the nuclear A great diversity of fungal forms was seen on the ribosomal DNA. surfaces of the samples and was isolated as pure cultures. - DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing In this paper, five taxa viz. Arthrobotrys conoides Isolates were grown on PDB (potato dextrose Drechsler, Botryosporium longibrachiatum (Oudem.) broth) at 22–25° C for seven days. DNA was extracted Maire, Cephaliophora irregularis Thaxt., Oedocephalum from harvested mycelia based on Zhong and Steffenson glomerulosum (Bull.) Sacc., and Podospora pauciseta method (Zhong & Steffenson 2001). The internal (Ces.) Traverso are introduced
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ascomyceteorg 08-03 Ascomyceteorg
    Podospora bullata, a new homothallic ascomycete from kangaroo dung in Australia Ann BELL Abstract: Podospora bullata sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on five kangaroo dung collections Dan MAHONEY from Australia. The species is placed in the genus Podospora based on its teleomorph morphology and its Robert DEBUCHY ITS sequence from a fertile homothallic axenic culture. Perithecial necks are adorned with prominent simple unswollen filiform flexuous and non-agglutinated greyish hairs. Ascospores are characterized by minute pe- dicels, lack of caudae and an enveloping frothy gelatinous material with bubble-like structures both in the Ascomycete.org, 8 (3) : 111-118. amorphous gel and attached to the ascospore dark cell. No anamorph was observed. Mai 2016 Keywords: coprophilous fungi, Lasiosphaeriaceae, Podospora, ribosomal DNA, taxonomy. Mise en ligne le 05/05/2016 Résumé : Podospora bullata sp. nov. est une nouvelle espèce qui a été trouvée sur cinq isolats provenant d’Australie et obtenus à partir de déjections de kangourou. Cette nouvelle espèce est décrite ici avec des il- lustrations. Cet ascomycète est placé dans le genre Podospora en se basant sur la séquence des ITS et sur l’aspect de son téléomorphe, en l’occurrence un individu homothallique fertile en culture axénique. Les cols des périthèces sont ornés par une touffe de longs poils grisâtres fins, flexueux, en majorité sans ramification et non agglutinés. Les ascospores sont caractérisées par de courts pédicelles et une absence d’appendices. Les ascospores matures sont noires et entourées par un mucilage contenant des inclusions ayant l’aspect de bulles, adjacentes à la paroi de l’ascospore.
    [Show full text]
  • Podospora Anserina Bibliography N° 10 - Additions
    Fungal Genetics Reports Volume 50 Article 15 Podospora anserina bibliography n° 10 - Additions Robert Debuchy Université Paris-Sud Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/fgr This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Debuchy, R. (2003) "Podospora anserina bibliography n° 10 - Additions," Fungal Genetics Reports: Vol. 50, Article 15. https://doi.org/10.4148/1941-4765.1161 This Special Paper is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fungal Genetics Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Podospora anserina bibliography n° 10 - Additions Abstract Podospora anserina is a coprophilous fungus growing on herbivore dung. It is a pseudohomothallic species in which ascus development results, as in Neurospora tetrasperma but through a different process, in the formation of four large ascospores containing nuclei of both mating types. This special paper is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol50/iss1/15 Debuchy: Podospora anserina bibliography n° 10 - Additions Number 50, 2003 27 Podospora anserina bibliography n/ 10 - Additions Robert Debuchy, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie UMR 8621, Bâtiment 400, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France. Fungal Genet. Newsl. 50: 27-36. Podospora anserina is a coprophilous fungus growing on herbivore dung. It is a pseudohomothallic species in which ascus development results, as in Neurospora tetrasperma but through a different process, in the formation of four large ascospores containing nuclei of both mating types. These ascospores give self-fertile strains.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Phylogenetic Species Recognition to Delimit Species Boundaries Within Lasiosphaeria
    Mycologia, 96(5), 2004, pp. 1106±1127. q 2004 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Using phylogenetic species recognition to delimit species boundaries within Lasiosphaeria Andrew N. Miller1 Key words: Ascomycetes, b-tubulin, Cercophora, Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake genealogical concordance phylogenetic species rec- Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 and ognition, ITS, LSU, morphological species recogni- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of tion, phylogenetics, RPB2, Sordariales, species con- Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7060 cepts, systematics Sabine M. Huhndorf Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 INTRODUCTION The genus Lasiosphaeria previously included numer- Abstract: The genus Lasiosphaeria recently has been ous taxa possessing a broad range of ascomal, asco- circumscribed more narrowly to include ®ve mor- spore and anamorph morphologies. However, its cir- phospecies united by tomentose ascomata containing cumscription recently has been de®ned more nar- yellow centrum pigments. Species boundaries have rowly to include ®ve morphospecies possessing to- not been established and phylogenetic relationships mentose ascomata with yellow centrum pigments have not been clearly de®ned for these morphospe- (Miller and Huhndorf 2004a). The genus presently cies. To delimit species boundaries and determine includes the type, L. ovina (Pers. : Fr.) Ces. & de phylogenetic relationships among species, maximum Not., along with L. glabrata (Fr.) Munk, L. lanuginosa parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analy- (H. Crouan & P. Crouan) A.N. Mill. & Huhndorf, L. ses were conducted on sequence data from four nu- rugulosa (A.N. Mill. & Huhndorf) A.N. Mill. & Huhn- clear genes, the ribosomal internal transcribed spac- dorf, and L.
    [Show full text]
  • Morinagadepsin, a Depsipeptide from the Fungus Morinagamyces Vermicularis Gen. Et Comb. Nov
    microorganisms Article Morinagadepsin, a Depsipeptide from the Fungus Morinagamyces vermicularis gen. et comb. nov. Karen Harms 1,2 , Frank Surup 1,2,* , Marc Stadler 1,2 , Alberto Miguel Stchigel 3 and Yasmina Marin-Felix 1,* 1 Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; [email protected] (K.H.); [email protected] (M.S.) 2 Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany 3 Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (Y.M.-F.) Abstract: The new genus Morinagamyces is introduced herein to accommodate the fungus Apiosordaria vermicularis as inferred from a phylogenetic study based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and partial fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β-tubulin (tub2) genes. Morinagamyces vermicularis was analyzed for the production of secondary metabolites, resulting in the isolation of a new depsipeptide named morinagadepsin (1), and the already known chaetone B (3). While the planar structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry, the absolute configuration of the building blocks Ala, Val, and Leu was determined as -L by Marfey’s method. The configuration of the 3-hydroxy-2-methyldecanyl unit was assigned as 22R,23R by Citation: Harms, K.; Surup, F.; Stadler, M.; Stchigel, A.M.; J-based configuration analysis and Mosher’s method after partial hydrolysis of the morinagadepsin Marin-Felix, Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Ami1, an Orthologue of the Aspergillus Nidulans Apsa Gene, Is Involved in Nuclear Migration Events Throughout the Life Cycle of Podospora Anserina
    Copyright 2000 by the Genetics Society of America ami1, an Orthologue of the Aspergillus nidulans apsA Gene, Is Involved in Nuclear Migration Events Throughout the Life Cycle of Podospora anserina Fatima GraõÈa, VeÂronique Berteaux-Lecellier, Denise Zickler and Marguerite Picard Institut de GeÂneÂtique et Microbiologie de l'Universite Paris-Sud (Orsay), 91405 France Manuscript received September 22, 1999 Accepted for publication February 3, 2000 ABSTRACT The Podospora anserina ami1-1 mutant was identi®ed as a male-sterile strain. Microconidia (which act as male gametes) form, but are anucleate. Paraphysae from the perithecium beaks are also anucleate when ami1-1 is used as the female partner in a cross. Furthermore, in crosses heterozygous for ami1-1, some crozier cells are uninucleate rather than binucleate. In addition to these nuclear migration defects, which occur at the transition between syncytial and cellular states, ami1-1 causes abnormal distribution of the nuclei in both mycelial ®laments and asci. Finally, an ami1-1 strain bearing information for both mating types is unable to self-fertilize. The ami1 gene is an orthologue of the Aspergillus nidulans apsA gene, which controls nuclear positioning in ®laments and during conidiogenesis (at the syncytial/cellular transition). The ApsA and AMI1 proteins display 42% identity and share structural features. The apsA gene comple- ments some ami1-1 defects: it increases the percentage of nucleate microconidia and restores self-fertility in an ami1-1 matϩ (matϪ) strain. The latter effect is puzzling, since in apsA null mutants sexual reproduction is quite normal. The functional differences between the two genes are discussed with respect to their possible history in these two fungi, which are very distant in terms of evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Studies in the Lasiosphaeriaceae And
    Field Studies in the Lasiosphaeriaceae and Helminthosphaeriaceae sensu lato. By Ann Bell and Daniel P. Mahoney. 2016. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiver- sity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Pp. 124, 80 figs (78 col.). [CBS Biodi- versity Series no. 15.] ISBN 978-94-91751-05-9. Price: 30 €. Zealand but also from visits to the USA. mycologists as well as professionals to take I am so glad that they did, as now we have an interest in these poorly known fungi. All BOOK NEWS a superbly colour-illustrated account of those working on fungi occurring on dung many of these fungi for the first time. They or dead wood should try and secure a copy. did, however, conclude on morphological The whole is superbly produced, as grounds that the primarily fungicolous we have now come to expect of CBS, but Helminthosphaeriacae appeared to be attention is drawn on the website to the indistinguishable from Lasiosphaeriaceae; it inevitable minor slips all works seem to have will be interesting to see if future molecular despite hours of proof-reading; these are studies can confirm that hypothesis. reproduced below1 (so those with copies can Four keys to the species are provided, annotate them accordingly. with main divisions based primarily on perithecial vestitures (the terminology of Bell A (1983) Dung Fungi: an illustrated guide to which is discussed and illustrated). Species coprophilous fungi in New Zealand. Wellington: descriptions are accompanied by two Victoria University Press. full-colour pages of illustrations, one of Bell A (2005) An Illustrated Guide to the exquisite coloured drawings and the other Coprophilous Ascomycetes of Australia [CBS of colour photographs, including ones in Biodiversity Series No.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reinterpretation of the Pseudo-Bombardioid Ascomal Wall in Taxa in the Lasiosphaeriaceae
    ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at A reinterpretation of the pseudo-bombardioid ascomal wall in taxa in the Lasiosphaeriaceae Andrew N. Miller1'* 1 Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA and University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7060, USA Miller, A. N. (2003). A reinterpretation of the pseudo-bombardioid ascomal wall in taxa in the Lasiosphaeriaceae. - Sydowia 55 (2): 267-273. A coriaceous pseudo-bombardioid ascomal wall containing a central layer composed of thick-walled, gelatinized cells has been described in nine species in the Lasiosphaeriaceae (Sordariales). Three different methods of sectioning asco- mata were employed to investigate the composition of this wall layer. Although this wall layer has previously been described as being composed of isodiametric cells, sections made using a freezing microtome revealed that it was actually com- posed of interwoven hyphae. Thus the term pseudo-bombardioid should be emen- ded to describe a non-stromatic ascomal wall containing a gelatinized layer com- posed of interwoven, thin-walled hyphae. Keywords: Ascomycetes, Arnium, Bombardia, Bombardioidea, Cercophora, Podospora, terminology. A unique type of coriaceous ascomal wall referred to as a pseudo-bombardioid wall was defined by Lundqvist (1972: 17) in his seminal work on Nordic Sordariaceae as "a multi-layered, non-stro- matic wall with a second pseudo-parenchymatous layer with very thick-walled, gelatinized cells". Lundqvist (1972: 17) distinguished it from the bombardioid wall, which he described as "a multi-layered wall with at least two outer, stromatic layers, the second of which is fibrous and cartilaginous".
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Podospora (Lasiosphaeriaceae, Sordariales) in Brazil
    Mycosphere 6 (2): 201–215(2015) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/2/10 The genus Podospora (Lasiosphaeriaceae, Sordariales) in Brazil Melo RFR1, Miller AN2 and Maia LC1 1Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n, 50740–600, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. [email protected] 2 Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820 Melo RFR, Miller AN, MAIA LC 2015 – The genus Podospora (Lasiosphaeriaceae, Sordariales) in Brazil. Mycosphere 6(2), 201–215, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/2/10 Abstract Coprophilous species of Podospora reported from Brazil are discussed. Thirteen species are recorded for the first time in Northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco) on herbivore dung. Podospora appendiculata, P. australis, P. decipiens, P. globosa and P. pleiospora are reported for the first time in Brazil, while P. ostlingospora and P. prethopodalis are reported for the first time from South America. Descriptions, figures and a comparative table are provided, along with an identification key to all known species of the genus in Brazil. Key words – Ascomycota – coprophilous fungi – taxonomy Introduction Podospora Ces. is one of the most common coprophilous ascomycetes genera worldwide, rarely absent in any survey of fungi on herbivore dung (Doveri, 2008). It is characterized by dark coloured, non-stromatic perithecia, with coriaceous or pseudobombardioid peridium, vestiture varying from glabrous to tomentose, unitunicate, non-amyloid, 4- to multispored asci usually lacking an apical ring and transversely uniseptate two-celled ascospores, delimitating a head cell and a hyaline pedicel, frequently equipped with distinctly shaped gelatinous caudae (Lundqvist, 1972).
    [Show full text]
  • Drivers of Evolutionary Change in Podospora Anserina
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1923 Drivers of evolutionary change in Podospora anserina SANDRA LORENA AMENT-VELÁSQUEZ ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-513-0921-7 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-407766 2020 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Ekmansalen, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, Tuesday, 19 May 2020 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Faculty of Theology). The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Bengt Olle Bengtsson (Lund University). Abstract Ament-Velásquez, S. L. 2020. Drivers of evolutionary change in Podospora anserina. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1923. 63 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0921-7. Genomic diversity is shaped by a myriad of forces acting in different directions. Some genes work in concert with the interests of the organism, often shaped by natural selection, while others follow their own interests. The latter genes are considered “selfish”, behaving either neutrally to the host, or causing it harm. In this thesis, I focused on genes that have substantial fitness effects on the fungus Podospora anserina and relatives, but whose effects are very contrasting. In Papers I and II, I explored the evolution of a particular type of selfish genetic elements that cause meiotic drive. Meiotic drivers manipulate the outcome of meiosis to achieve overrepresentation in the progeny, thus increasing their likelihood of invading and propagating in a population. In P. anserina there are multiple meiotic drivers but their genetic basis was previously unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Fimetariella
    The genus Fimetariella John C. Krug Abstract: The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the fungal genus Fimetariella (Ascomycotina, Lasiosphaeriaceae) are discussed. A revised generic description and key are presented. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for all taxa. Fimetanella dunarum n.comb. and Fimetanella apotoma, Fimetanella brachycaulina, Fimetanella dolichopoda, Fimetanella macromischa, Fimetanella microspema, and Fimetanella tetraspora n.spp. are proposed. A phialidic anamorph resembling Cladorrhinum is reported for E microsperma. The ascospores of the type species Fimetariella rabenhorstii are considered to possess two terminal germ pores, one large pore and one very small pore, along with several small, apparently nonfunctional pores. A key to the genera with these minor pores is included. Key words: Fimetariella, Cladorrhinum, coprophilous, fungi, keys, taxonomy. RCsumC : L'auteur discute les relations taxonomiques et phylogCnCtiques du genre Fimetariella (Ascomycotina, Lasiosphaeriaceae). I1 prCsente une description revisee du genre, ainsi qu'une clC. Des descriptions et illustrations sont fournies pour tous les taxons et on propose le Fimetanella dunarum n.comb. et les Fimetanella apotoma, Fimetanella brachycaulina, Fimetariella dolichopoda, Fimetanella macromischa, Fimetariella microspema et le Fimetariella tetrasporan comme n.ssp. On rapporte un anamorphe avec phialide ressemblant au Cladorrhinum pour le E microsperma. On considkre que les ascospores de I'espkce type, le E rabenhorstii, posskdent deux pores germinatifs terminaux, un grand pore et un trks petit pore, ainsi que plusieurs petits pores apparemrnent non-fonctionnels. L'auteur prtsente une clC pour les genres comportant ces peetits pores. Mots elks : Fimetariella, Cladorrhinum, coprophiles, champignons, clCs, taxonomie [Traduit par la rCdaction] For personal use only. Introduction ated by Krug (1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a Novel Lineage
    Mycologia, 103(6), 2011, pp. 1351–1371. DOI: 10.3852/11-102 # 2011 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a novel lineage of aquatic ascomycetes inferred from multiple-gene phylogenies of the genera Ascotaiwania, Ascothailandia, and Savoryella Nattawut Boonyuen1 Canalisporium) formed a new lineage that has Mycology Laboratory (BMYC), Bioresources Technology invaded both marine and freshwater habitats, indi- Unit (BTU), National Center for Genetic Engineering cating that these genera share a common ancestor and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science and are closely related. Because they show no clear Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, and Department of relationship with any named order we erect a new Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart order Savoryellales in the subclass Hypocreomyceti- University, 50 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, dae, Sordariomycetes. The genera Savoryella and Bangkok 10900, Thailand Ascothailandia are monophyletic, while the position Charuwan Chuaseeharonnachai of Ascotaiwania is unresolved. All three genera are Satinee Suetrong phylogenetically related and form a distinct clade Veera Sri-indrasutdhi similar to the unclassified group of marine ascomy- Somsak Sivichai cetes comprising the genera Swampomyces, Torpedos- E.B. Gareth Jones pora and Juncigera (TBM clade: Torpedospora/Bertia/ Mycology Laboratory (BMYC), Bioresources Technology Melanospora) in the Hypocreomycetidae incertae
    [Show full text]
  • Appressorium: the Breakthrough in Dikarya
    Journal of Fungi Article Appressorium: The Breakthrough in Dikarya Alexander Demoor, Philippe Silar and Sylvain Brun * Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, LIED-UMR 8236, Université de Paris, 5 rue Marie-Andree Lagroua, 75205 Paris, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 May 2019; Accepted: 30 July 2019; Published: 3 August 2019 Abstract: Phytopathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi often penetrate living hosts by using appressoria and related structures. The differentiation of similar structures in saprotrophic fungi to penetrate dead plant biomass has seldom been investigated and has been reported only in the model fungus Podospora anserina. Here, we report on the ability of many saprotrophs from a large range of taxa to produce appressoria on cellophane. Most Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were able to form appressoria. In contrast, none of the three investigated Mucoromycotina was able to differentiate such structures. The ability of filamentous fungi to differentiate appressoria no longer belongs solely to pathogenic or mutualistic fungi, and this raises the question of the evolutionary origin of the appressorium in Eumycetes. Keywords: appressorium; infection cushion; penetration; biomass degradation; saprotrophic fungi; Eumycetes; cellophane 1. Introduction Accessing and degrading biomass are crucial processes for heterotrophic organisms such as fungi. Nowadays, fungi are famous biodegraders that are able to produce an exhaustive set of biomass- degrading enzymes, the Carbohydrate Active enzymes (CAZymes) allowing the potent degradation of complex sugars such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and the more recalcitrant lignin polymer [1]. Because of their importance for industry and biofuel production in particular, many scientific programs worldwide aim at mining this collection of enzymes in fungal genomes and at understanding fungal lignocellulosic plant biomass degradation.
    [Show full text]