Calcium Carbide Version Number: GHS 2.0 Revision: 2018-09-07
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Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Voorblad Cyanamide.Fm
Cyanamide and calcium cyanamide (CAS No: 420-04-2, 156-62-7) Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits, a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands No. 2000/15OSH/133 The Hague, November 9, 2004 Preferred citation: Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Cyanamide and calcium cyanamide; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2004; 2000/15OSH/133. all rights reserved 1 Introduction The present document contains the assessment of the health hazard of cyanamide and calcium cyanamide by the Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits, a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands. The first draft of this document was prepared by MA Maclaine Pont, MSc (Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands). In August 2000, literature was searched in the databases Toxline, Medline, and Chemical Abstracts, starting from 1981, 1966, and 1992, respectively, and using the following key words: cyanamide, carbimide, carbodiimide, cyanoamine, cyanogen amide, cyanogen nitride, hydrogen cyanamide, N- cyanoamine, calcium cyanamide, 156-62-7, 420-04-2, and 6860-10-2. Data of unpublished studies were generally not taken into account. Exceptions were made for studies that were summarised and evaluated by the German MAK committee (Gre02). The final literature search was carried out in September 2003. In October 2003, the President of the Health Council released a draft of the document for public review. Comments were received from the following individuals and organisations: A Aalto (Ministery of Social Affairs and Health, Tampere, Finland). -
United States Patent Office
Patented Aug. 29, 1944 2,357,149 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,357,149 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THIOUREA Jacob van de Kamp, Westfield, N.J., assignor to Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application July 30, 1941, Serial No. 404,657 3 Cains. (C. 260-552) This invention relates to an improved process water at 60° C. Calcium carbonate is precipi for the production of thiourea. tated, and when it becomes crystalline, is filtered NumeroLIS processes have been proposed here off. The clear colorless filtrate is concentrated tofore for the production of thiourea, involving to dryness. The dry residue is extracted With the action of hydrogen sulfide on cyanamide, 500-250-100 cc. of 95% ethanol. The alco but such prior art processes have many dis holic extract is cooled and concentrated. 70.4 advantages. gms. of thiourea of melting point 174-6° C. is I have discovered that thiourea may be pro obtained. The total yield of thiourea obtained duced by a simple and efficient process, involv is 134.3 gms. ing reactants which are inexpensive and readily O Eacample II available, which process may be utilized for large 286 gms. of sodium sulfide (techn. flakes Scale commercial manufacture without the 60-62%, 2.2 moles) are stirred into 480 cc. of necessity of special equipment, such as the pres water at 60° C. 270 gms. of calcium cyanamide Sure equipment required in carrying out proc (58-60% containing 20.3% nitrogen; 2 moles) eSSes involving the use of gases. -
Recent Advances in Cyanamide Chemistry: Synthesis and Applications
molecules Review Recent Advances in Cyanamide Chemistry: Synthesis and Applications M. R. Ranga Prabhath, Luke Williams, Shreesha V. Bhat and Pallavi Sharma * School of Chemistry, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; [email protected] (M.R.R.P.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (S.V.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-015-2288-6885 Academic Editor: Margaret A. Brimble Received: 9 March 2017; Accepted: 7 April 2017; Published: 12 April 2017 Abstract: The application of alkyl and aryl substituted cyanamides in synthetic chemistry has diversified multi-fold in recent years. In this review, we discuss recent advances (since 2012) in the chemistry of cyanamides and detail their application in cycloaddition chemistry, aminocyanation reactions, as well as electrophilic cyanide-transfer agents and their unique radical and coordination chemistry. Keywords: cyanamide; synthesis; aminocyanation; cycloaddition; electrophilic cyanation; radical reaction; coordination chemistry 1. Introduction Cyanamide enjoys a rich chemical history, which can be traced to its unique and chemically promiscuous nitrogen-carbon-nitrogen (NCN) connectivity. The chemistry of the nitrile-substituted amino-group of the ‘cyanamide-moiety’ is dominated by an unusual duality of a nucleophilic sp3-amino nitrogen and an electrophilic nitrile unit. The reported use of unsubstituted cyanamide (NH2CN) and metal cyanamides (MNCN, where M = metal) date back as far as the late 19th century, where the likes of calcium cyanamide (CaNCN) was used as a fertilizer, and later as source of ammonia and nitric acid, which fueled the industrial production of metal cyanamides. In contrast, the reported use of the corresponding substituted organic cyanamides (RNHCN or RR’NCN) gathered pace only in more recent years. -
Toxicological Profile for Cyanide
CYANIDE 141 5. PRODUCTION, IMPORT/EXPORT, USE, AND DISPOSAL 5.1 PRODUCTION The demand for hydrogen cyanide in the United States during 2000 was 1.615 billion pounds, up slightly from 1.605 billion pounds in 1999 (CMR 2001). Production of hydrogen cyanide in 2003 was 2.019 billion pounds in the United States (FAS 2005). The demand for hydrogen cyanide was projected to be 1.838 billion pounds in 2004 (CMR 2001; NYSDOH 2005). Major producers of hydrogen cyanide are Adisseo USA, Inc. (Institute, West Virginia); Cyanco Co. (Winnemucca, Nevada); Cytec Industries (Waggoman, Louisiana); Degussa Corp. (Theodora, Alabama); The Dow Chemical Company (Freeport, Texas); E.I. du Pont de Neumours and Company (Memphis, Tennessee; Beaumont, Texas); Innovene (Green Lake, Texas and Lima, Ohio); Invista, Inc. (Orange, Texas and Victoria, Texas); Rhom and Haas Texas Inc. (Deer Park, Texas); Solutia, Inc. (Alvin, Texas); Sterling Chemicals, Inc. (Texas City, Texas); and Syngenta Crop Protection (St. Garbiel, Louisiana) (SRI 2005). The combined annual production capacity of these plants is approximately 2.036 billion pounds (SRI 2005). As of February 2005, the following companies produced other cyanide compounds in the United States (SRI 2005): ammonium Crompton, Taft, Louisiana; and Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri thiocyanate: cyanogen: Matheson Gas Products, Inc., Gloucester, Massachusetts potassium cyanide: DuPont Chemical Company, Memphis, Tennessee; and The Dow Chemical Company, Nashua, New Hampshire potassium silver Engelhard Corporation, Union, New Jersey; and Metalor Technologies USA, North cyanide: Attleboro, Massachusetts Facilities in the United States producing sodium cyanide and their annual capacity (in millions of pounds) in 2005 include: Cyanco Co., Winnemucca, Nevada (86); and E.I. -
Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits for Cyanamide
Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits for Cyanamide SCOEL/SUM/100_rev September 2003 European Commission Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits for cyanamide Table of Contents 1. Occurrence / Use ........................................................................................................................... 4 2. Health significance......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Metabolism and toxicokinetics..............................................................................................4 2.2. Acute toxicity ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.3. Sensitisation............................................................................................................................... 5 2.4. Toxicity after repeated exposure .......................................................................................... 5 2.5. Reproductive toxicity .............................................................................................................. 6 2.6. Genotoxicity ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.7. Carcinogenicity ...................................................................................................................... -
HPLC Analysis of Melamine and Related Substances in Fertilisers
51 HPLC Analysis of Melamine and Related Substances in Fertilisers by Azusa Morita, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan Gesa J. Schad, Shimadzu Europa GmbH Shirai Yuji, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Japan Calcium cyanamide is a multipurpose nitrogen fertiliser, which is also effective as a pesticide and soil amendment. It plays an important role in crop cultivation by ensuring that plants are supplied with nitrogen. Recently, high levels of melamine were discovered as a by-product in some calcium cyanamide hydrate products, pelletised by added water. Due to the risk of agricultural products absorbing melamine from soil, it has been identified as a potential public health risk. Health issues associated with melamine have been in the public eye since the Chinese milk scandal in 2008. A widely utilised precursor for many applications on the one hand, harmful contamination for feedstock and milk on the other, its use in fertiliser can also facilitate the introduction of melamine into the food chain. Long-term exposure to melamine and its related substance, cyanuric acid, through ingestion can result in bladder or kidney stones which ultimately can lead to bladder cancer [1, 2], concentration of this compound in food and feed needs to be controlled carefully. Figure 1: Chemical structures of melamine and its related substances. The Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau in the Ministry of Agriculture, Simultaneous analysis of the compounds of mm I.D., 5 μm) at a temperature of 40°C. Forestry and Fisheries in Japan issued interest was performed using a Shimadzu Analytical conditions are further specified a notice specifying a 0.4% provisional Prominence™ HPLC system consisting of in Table 1. -
Experimental Investigation on the Mass Diffusion Behaviors of Calcium Oxide and Carbon in the Solid-State Synthesis of Calcium Carbide by Microwave Heating
molecules Article Experimental Investigation on the Mass Diffusion Behaviors of Calcium Oxide and Carbon in the Solid-State Synthesis of Calcium Carbide by Microwave Heating Miao Li 1,2 , Siyuan Chen 3, Huan Dai 1, Hong Zhao 1,* and Biao Jiang 1,3,* 1 Green Chemical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (H.D.) 2 Green Chemical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Shanghai Green Chemical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.Z.); [email protected] (B.J.) Abstract: Microwave (MW) heating was proven to efficiently solid-synthesize calcium carbide at 1750 ◦C, which was about 400 ◦C lower than electric heating. This study focused on the investigation of the diffusion behaviors of graphite and calcium oxide during the solid-state synthesis of calcium carbide by microwave heating and compared them with these heated by the conventional method. The phase compositions and morphologies of CaO and C pellets before and after heating were carefully characterized by inductively coupled plasma spectrograph (ICP), thermo gravimetric (TG) Citation: Li, M.; Chen, S.; Dai, H.; analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron Zhao, H.; Jiang, B. Experimental spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results showed that in both thermal fields, Ca and C inter- Investigation on the Mass Diffusion Behaviors of Calcium Oxide and diffused at a lower temperature, but at a higher temperature, the formed calcium carbide crystals Carbon in the Solid-State Synthesis of would have a negative effect on Ca diffusion to carbon. -
Case Study Board Voting Copy February 2013
Carbide Industries Case Study Board Voting Copy February 2013 Case Study U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board Carbide Industries, LLC, Louisville, KY Electric Arc Furnace Explosion March 21, 2011 2 Killed, 2 Injured No. 2011-05-I-KY KEY ISSUES • Facility Siting • Normalization of Deviance • Consensus Standards INSIDE • Process Discussion • Incident Description • Emergency Response • Analysis • Key Findings • Recommendations On March 21, 2011, during calcium carbide production at the Carbide Industries plant in Louisville, KY, an electric arc furnace exploded, ejecting solid and powdered debris, flammable gases, and molten calcium carbide at temperatures near 3800°F (2100°C). Two workers died and two others were injured. CSB • Carbide Industries Case Study 1 Carbide Industries Case Study Board Voting Copy February 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Process Discussion 3 3.0 Emergency Planning and Response 6 4.0 Incident Description 7 5.0 Analysis 8 6.0 Key Findings 13 7.0 Recommendations 14 8.0 References 15 9.0 Appendix A: Simplified Diagram of Calcium Carbide process 16 FIGURE 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION Satellite view of the Carbide Industries Louisville facility, Two workers were killed and two were injured at the Carbide Industries, LLC facility in with furnace building circled Louisville, KY, on Monday, March 21, 2011, when an electric arc furnace (EAF) overpres- sured and emitted powdered debris, hot gases, and molten calcium carbide. The hot gases and debris blown from the furnace broke through the double-pane reinforced glass window of the control room, severely burning the two workers inside; they died within 24 hours from burn injuries. -
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Petroleum Industry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons 76905_ch81 p1236-1246.qxd 10/4/06 9:32 PM Page 1236 MARKED SET 81 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Petroleum Industry Steven Stellman, PhD, MPH Tee L. Guidotti, MD, MPH, DABT CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURES chrysene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluo- rene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, naphthalene, phenan- The term polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) threne, pyrene) that includes a group of seven PAHs (in generally refers to a group of chemical compounds bold) that are probable human carcinogens. Figure 81.1 consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged as illustrates structures of key PAHs. The best-known PAH is planar compounds whose principal structural feature benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), due to its early identification in is fused rings. Their nomenclature has evolved over coal tar and later use as a model compound for investigat- many decades and is complex. A comprehensive listing, ing the carcinogenic properties of tobacco smoke. including traditional synonyms and chemical struc- tures, is given by Sander and Wise (1). PAHs are produced during the incomplete combustion SOURCES OF POLYCYCLIC of organic material and are among the most ubiquitous AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS environmental pollutants. The combustion processes that IN THE ENVIRONMENT release PAHs invariably produce a variety of compounds, and in fact, it is difficult or impossible to ascribe health PAHs enter the environment through both natural and effects in humans to particular members of the PAH manmade processes. The principal natural sources of family. -
Carbide Lamp
Carbide Lamp Equipment: washing bottle with dropping funnel rubber hose glass tube with tapered end matches or pocket lighter wooden splint test tube Chemicals: calcium carbide (ideal grain size: 20 – 40 mm) deionized water Safety: calcium carbide (CaC2): H260 P223, P231 + P232, P370 + P378, P422 ethyne (acetylene) (C2H2): H220 P210 calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2): H318 P280, P305 + P351 + P338, P313 Ethyne is extemely flammable and forms explosive mixtures with air (“detonating gas”). Because the gas is poisonous particularly with regard to contaminants it is necessary to work in a fume hood. It is also required to wear safety glasses and protective gloves. Procedure: The dropping funnel is filled with water and some lumps of calcium carbide are placed in the washing bottle. Water is dripped (cautiously!) onto the calcium carbide until a vigorous generation of gas begins. Then the cock of the dropping funnel is closed and the escaping gas is collected in the test tube. The existence of an explosive mixture can be tested by ignition with a burning splint. When the explosion danger is overcome, i.e. most of the air in the washing bottle is displaced by ethyne, the gas can be ignited directly at the tapered end of the glass tube by the splint (eventually, it is necessary to drip again some water onto the carbide). For avoiding any explosion danger it is recommended to fill the washing bottle with nitrogen before starting the experiment. Observation: The produced gaseous ethyne burns with a bright and sooty flame. Additionally, an unpleasant garlic-like odor can be noticed. -
List of Lists
United States Office of Solid Waste EPA 550-B-10-001 Environmental Protection and Emergency Response May 2010 Agency www.epa.gov/emergencies LIST OF LISTS Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right- To-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act • EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances • CERCLA Hazardous Substances • EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Chemicals • CAA 112(r) Regulated Chemicals For Accidental Release Prevention Office of Emergency Management This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction................................................................................................................................................ i List of Lists – Conslidated List of Chemicals (by CAS #) Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act ................................................. 1 Appendix A: Alphabetical Listing of Consolidated List ..................................................................... A-1 Appendix B: Radionuclides Listed Under CERCLA .......................................................................... B-1 Appendix C: RCRA Waste Streams and Unlisted Hazardous Wastes................................................ C-1 This page intentionally left blank. LIST OF LISTS Consolidated List of Chemicals