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The Role of Histidine-Rich Proteins in the Biomineralization of Hemozoin Lisa Pasierb
Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 2005 The Role of Histidine-Rich Proteins in the Biomineralization of Hemozoin Lisa Pasierb Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Pasierb, L. (2005). The Role of Histidine-Rich Proteins in the Biomineralization of Hemozoin (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1021 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Role of Histidine-Rich Proteins in the Biomineralization of Hemozoin A Dissertation presented to the Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences of Duquesne University As partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Lisa Pasierb August 26, 2005 Dr. David Seybert, thesis director Dr. David W. Wright, advisor In memory of Anna Pasierb April 24, 1924 – May 31, 2005 ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my advisor, Dr. David W. Wright. His exuberating energy and conviction attracted me to his research group, while his unwavering faith in me taught me more than he could ever know. Secondly, of course, I would like to extend my appreciation to Glenn Spreitzer and James Ziegler, the other two original members of the Wright group, whom initially tried to exert male dominance, but eventually became very faithful friends and colleagues. Finally, to all the other members of the Wright group over the years, thanks for all of your help, suggestions, and camaraderie. -
WO 2017/145013 Al 31 August 2017 (31.08.2017) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/145013 Al 31 August 2017 (31.08.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07D 498/04 (2006.01) A61K 31/5365 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C07D 519/00 (2006.01) A61P 25/00 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, (21) Number: International Application DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/IB20 17/050844 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, (22) International Filing Date: KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, 15 February 2017 (15.02.2017) MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, (25) Filing Language: English RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, (26) Publication Language: English TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 62/298,657 23 February 2016 (23.02.2016) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant: PFIZER INC. [US/US]; 235 East 42nd Street, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, New York, New York 10017 (US). -
Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications Daniel Fernández-Villa 1, Maria Rosa Aguilar 1,2 and Luis Rojo 1,2,* 1 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (D.F.-V.); [email protected] (M.R.A.) 2 Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-915-622-900 Received: 18 September 2019; Accepted: 7 October 2019; Published: 9 October 2019 Abstract: Bacterial, protozoan and other microbial infections share an accelerated metabolic rate. In order to ensure a proper functioning of cell replication and proteins and nucleic acids synthesis processes, folate metabolism rate is also increased in these cases. For this reason, folic acid antagonists have been used since their discovery to treat different kinds of microbial infections, taking advantage of this metabolic difference when compared with human cells. However, resistances to these compounds have emerged since then and only combined therapies are currently used in clinic. In addition, some of these compounds have been found to have an immunomodulatory behavior that allows clinicians using them as anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated state-of-the-art on the use of antifolates as antibacterial and immunomodulating agents in the clinical setting, as well as to present their action mechanisms and currently investigated biomedical applications. Keywords: folic acid antagonists; antifolates; antibiotics; antibacterials; immunomodulation; sulfonamides; antimalarial 1. -
Rifampicin/Cotrimoxazole/Isoniazid Versus Mefloquine Or Quinine Þ Sulfadoxine- Pyrimethamine for Malaria: a Randomized Trial
PLoS CLINICAL TRIALS Rifampicin/Cotrimoxazole/Isoniazid Versus Mefloquine or Quinine þ Sulfadoxine- Pyrimethamine for Malaria: A Randomized Trial Blaise Genton1,2*, Ivo Mueller2, Inoni Betuela2, Gerard Casey2, Meza Ginny2, Michael P. Alpers2¤, John C. Reeder2 1 Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, 2 Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea . ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. Trial Registration: . Objectives: Previous studies of a fixed combination including cotrimoxazole, rifampicin, and ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00322907 . isoniazid (Cotrifazid) showed efficacy against resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in . Funding: The study received . animal models and in small-scale human studies. We conducted a multicentric noninferiority financial support from Fatol . trial to assess the safety and efficacy of Cotrifazid against drug-resistant malaria in Papua New Arzneimittel GmbH, Germany. The . maintenance of the study site in the . Guinea. East Sepik Province was funded by . the Australian Agency for . Design: The trial design was open-label, block-randomised, comparative, and multicentric. International Development (AusAID) . grant to the Papua New Guinea . Institute of Medical Research. Fatol . Setting: The trial was conducted in four primary care health facilities, two in urban and two in Arzneimittel GmbH was able to . review and comment on the . rural areas of Madang and East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. protocol, and to review the study . conduct. The funders had no role in . study design, data collection and . Participants: Patients of all ages with recurrent uncomplicated malaria were included. analysis, decision to publish, or . preparation of the manuscript. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive Cotrifazid, mefloquine, or the . Competing Interests: The authors . standard treatment of quinine with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP). -
Dalbavancin • Oritavancin • Tedizolid • Ceftolozane/Tazobactam • Ceftazidime/Avibactam • Fecal Transplant
What’s New in Infectious Diseases? Bruce L. Gilliam, M.D. Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD Topics New Antibacterial Therapeutics Emerging Pathogens HIV Hepatitis C Disclosures Research Studies Pfizer – Staph aureus Vaccine Trial TaiMed Biologics - Ibaluzimab Advisory Board Viiv Healthcare New Antibacterial Therapeutics • Dalbavancin • Oritavancin • Tedizolid • Ceftolozane/tazobactam • Ceftazidime/avibactam • Fecal Transplant Incidence of Staph aureus hospitalizations in U.S.A., 2001–2009 BMC Infect Dis 2014, 14:296 Dalbavancin (Dalvance) • Derived from Teicoplanin • ½ life – Effective: 8.5 days – Terminal: 346 hrs (14 days) • Bactericidal • Similar spectrum to Vancomycin, active against: – Staphylococci • MSSA, MRSA, CoNS – Streptococci • resistant pneumococci • anaerobic strep – Enterococci • VRE with van B, C but not A – Corynebacterium Dalbavancin Once Weekly Non- Inferior to Vanco/Linezolid N Engl J Med 2014;370:2169-79. Single-Dose (1.5 g) Non-Inferior to Weekly Dalbavancin for Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection 100 90 80 70 60 50 Single Dose 40 Once Weekly 30 20 10 0 Overall Clinical Success Rate Success Rate Success Rate Response Day 14 Day 28 Day 14 MRSA Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 26. pii: civ982. [Epub ahead of print] VA Experience with Dalbavancin • Background – Levels in bone > MIC for 14 days • 8 patients treated for osteomyelitis with IV Dalbavancin – Former IV drug users not eligible for home IV or unwilling to do home IV • Treated for up to 8 weeks • No adverse events • All with resolution of osteomyelitis • Cost savings vs. placement in facility Oritavancin (Orbactiv) • Derived from Vancomycin • ½ life – Terminal 245-393 hrs (10-16 days) • Bactericidal • Similar spectrum to Vancomycin, active against: – Staphylococci • MSSA, MRSA, CoNS – Streptococci • resistant pneumococci • anaerobic strep – Enterococci • VRE with van A, B, C – Corynebacterium Single Dose Oritavancin vs. -
Jos Journal 2
POST-OPERATIVE AUDIT OF G6PD-DEFICIENT MALE CHILDREN WITH OBSTRUCTIVE ADENOTONSILLAR ENLARGEMENT AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN, NIGERIA. John EN1, Totyen EL1, Jacob N2, Nwaorgu OGB1 1 .Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria 2. Department of paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria All correspondences and request for reprint to Dr John EN, Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Email: [email protected] Telephone: +2348036240109 Abstract Background: G6PD deficiency ranks among the commonest hereditary enzyme deficiency worldwide and notable as a predisposing condition to haemolyticcrises. The fear of possible untoward effects is often expressed by parents of G6PD deficient male children scheduled for surgery after obtaining an informed and understood consent. The parental perception of obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement in this condition was also appraised. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all G6PD deficient male children between ages 1 to 7years who had adenotonsillectomy over a 3year period at University college Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Results: The patients comprised of 22 G6PD deficient male children diagnosed shortly after birth upon development of neonatal jaundice. Fifteen(68.2%) and 6(27.3%) of the patients subsequently developed episodes of drug- induced haemolysis and non-haemolytic drug reactions prior to undergoing adenotonsillectomy by the otolaryngologists. None of the patients was observed to develop haemolytic crises up to 2weeks post-adenotonsillectomy. From the parental perception and responses in the follow-up period,all 22(100%) patient had resolution of noisy breathing, 20(91%) had improvement of snoring and apnoeic spells. Only 15 (68%) were reported to stop mouth-breathing. -
Annex 4: Drug Dosages for Children (Formulary)
Medicines Dosage Form Dose according to body weight (calculate if weight is below or over) 3-6 kg 6-10 kg 10-15 kg 15-20 kg 20-29 kg albendazole 200 mg (half tablet) 12-24 months chewable tablet, 400mg 400 mg (one tablet) over 24 months amodiaquine 10 mg base/kg/3 days (total dose 30 mg base/kg) tablet, 200mg - - 1 1 1 amoxicillin 15 mg/kg/dose for 7 days tablet/capsule 250 mg ¼ ½ ¾ 1 1½ oral suspension, 125mg/5ml 2.5 ml 5 ml 7.5 ml 10 ml - non-severe pneumonia: 25 mg/kg 2 times per day for 3 days tablet/capsule 250 mg ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ oral suspension, 125mg/5ml 5 ml 10 ml 15 ml - - ampicillin IM 50 mg/kg/6 hours Vial of 500 mg mixed with 2.1 ml 1 ml 2 ml 3 ml 5 ml 6 ml sterile water to give 500 mg/2.5 ml artemether IM 3.2 mg/kg once on day 1 injection, 40mg/ml in 1ml ampoule then injection, 80mg/ml in 1ml ampoule see Chapter 5, management of the child with malaria IM 1.6 mg/kg daily until oral therapy is possible, total therapy one week artemether + fixed dose treatment (20+120 mg) twice daily for 3 days tablet 10+120 mg see Chapter 5, management of the child with malaria lumefantrine artesunate severe malaria: IV or IM 2.4 mg/kg over 3 minutes at 0, 12 and 24 vial of 60 mg in 0.6 ml with 3.4 ml hours on day 1. -
Cytochrome P450 Oxidative Metabolism: Contributions to the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of Xenobiotics
1521-009X/44/8/1229–1245$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.116.071753 DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION Drug Metab Dispos 44:1229–1245, August 2016 Copyright ª 2016 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Special Section on Emerging Novel Enzyme Pathways in Drug Metabolism—Commentary Cytochrome P450 and Non–Cytochrome P450 Oxidative Metabolism: Contributions to the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of Xenobiotics Robert S. Foti and Deepak K. Dalvie Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer, La Jolla, California (D.K.D.) Downloaded from Received May 24, 2016; accepted June 10, 2016 ABSTRACT The drug-metabolizing enzymes that contribute to the metabolism this end, this Special Section on Emerging Novel Enzyme Pathways or bioactivation of a drug play a crucial role in defining the in Drug Metabolism will highlight a number of advancements that dmd.aspetjournals.org absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of have recently been reported. The included articles support the that drug. Although the overall effect of the cytochrome P450 (P450) important role of non-P450 enzymes in the clearance pathways of family of drug-metabolizing enzymes in this capacity cannot be U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs over the past understated, advancements in the field of non-P450–mediated me- 10 years. Specific examples will detail recent reports of aldehyde tabolism have garnered increasing attention in recent years. This is oxidase, flavin-containing monooxygenase, and other non-P450 perhaps a direct result of our ability to systematically avoid P450 pathways that contribute to the metabolic, pharmacokinetic, or liabilities by introducing chemical moieties that are not susceptible pharmacodynamic properties of xenobiotic compounds. -
1. Purpose & Scope the Objective of This Work Instruction Is to Provide
REVISION: 02 7DENVER LABORATORY WORK INSTRUCTION DOCUMENT NUMBER FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEN-LB-WI-C.009 PAGE 1 OF 47 TITLE: ANALYSIS OF SULFONAMIDES, TRIMETHOPRIM, FLUOROQUINOLONES, ORIGINAL EFFECTIVE DATE: QUINOLONES, TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES (AND THEIR LEUCO METABOLITES) AND METHYL 03/15/17 TESTOSTERONE IN FISH AND SHRIMP USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY REVISED: 03 2018 1. Purpose & Scope The objective of this work instruction is to provide instruction on the routine multi-class, multi-residue LC-MS/MS screening of aquaculture samples using components of LIBs 4562 and 4614, and DEN-LAB validation package # 13-37, 15-12, 15-13, 15-15, 15-22, 15-32 & 16-16. 2. Procedure 2.1 Sample Preparation 2.1.1 Aquaculture sample matrices which are appropriate for analysis include but are not limited to: tilapia, eel, swai, pangasius, basa, pompano, red drum, bass, croaker, catfish, trout, salmon, sablefish, scallops, shrimp, and frog legs. 2.1.2 Preparation of homogeneous samples of fish depends on whether skin and/or bones are considered edible for the particular species and product. Skin is removed from species whose skin is considered inedible (e.g., catfish), as are other inedible portions, such as heads, tails, scales, fins, viscera, and inedible bones. 2.1.3 Remove at least 50 g of edible tissue from each of 12 subs. Combine the 600 g tissue in robot coupe with dry ice to homogenize into a fine powder. Note: It is effective to pulse the dry ice block in the robot coupe prior to adding the tissue. 2.1.4 Shrimp sample preparation 2.1.4.1 Thoroughly remove any breading before analysis. -
CAS Number Index
2334 CAS Number Index CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name 50-00-0 905 Formaldehyde 56-81-5 967 Glycerol 61-90-5 1135 Leucine 50-02-2 596 Dexamethasone 56-85-9 963 Glutamine 62-44-2 1640 Phenacetin 50-06-6 1654 Phenobarbital 57-00-1 514 Creatine 62-46-4 1166 α-Lipoic acid 50-11-3 1288 Metharbital 57-22-7 2229 Vincristine 62-53-3 131 Aniline 50-12-4 1245 Mephenytoin 57-24-9 1950 Strychnine 62-73-7 626 Dichlorvos 50-23-7 1017 Hydrocortisone 57-27-2 1428 Morphine 63-05-8 127 Androstenedione 50-24-8 1739 Prednisolone 57-41-0 1672 Phenytoin 63-25-2 335 Carbaryl 50-29-3 569 DDT 57-42-1 1239 Meperidine 63-75-2 142 Arecoline 50-33-9 1666 Phenylbutazone 57-43-2 108 Amobarbital 64-04-0 1648 Phenethylamine 50-34-0 1770 Propantheline bromide 57-44-3 191 Barbital 64-13-1 1308 p-Methoxyamphetamine 50-35-1 2054 Thalidomide 57-47-6 1683 Physostigmine 64-17-5 784 Ethanol 50-36-2 497 Cocaine 57-53-4 1249 Meprobamate 64-18-6 909 Formic acid 50-37-3 1197 Lysergic acid diethylamide 57-55-6 1782 Propylene glycol 64-77-7 2104 Tolbutamide 50-44-2 1253 6-Mercaptopurine 57-66-9 1751 Probenecid 64-86-8 506 Colchicine 50-47-5 589 Desipramine 57-74-9 398 Chlordane 65-23-6 1802 Pyridoxine 50-48-6 103 Amitriptyline 57-92-1 1947 Streptomycin 65-29-2 931 Gallamine 50-49-7 1053 Imipramine 57-94-3 2179 Tubocurarine chloride 65-45-2 1888 Salicylamide 50-52-2 2071 Thioridazine 57-96-5 1966 Sulfinpyrazone 65-49-6 98 p-Aminosalicylic acid 50-53-3 426 Chlorpromazine 58-00-4 138 Apomorphine 66-76-2 632 Dicumarol 50-55-5 1841 Reserpine 58-05-9 1136 Leucovorin 66-79-5 -
Efficacy and Safety of Methylene Blue in the Treatment of Malaria: a Systematic Review G
Lu et al. BMC Medicine (2018) 16:59 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1045-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Efficacy and safety of methylene blue in the treatment of malaria: a systematic review G. Lu1,2, M. Nagbanshi2, N. Goldau2, M. Mendes Jorge2, P. Meissner3, A. Jahn2, F. P. Mockenhaupt4 and O. Müller2* Abstract Background: Methylene blue (MB) was the first synthetic antimalarial to be discovered and was used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries against all types of malaria. MB has been shown to be effective in inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum in culture, in the mouse model and in rhesus monkeys. MB was also shown to have a potent ex vivo activity against drug-resistant isolates of P. falciparum and P. vivax. In preclinical studies, MB acted synergistically with artemisinin derivates and demonstrated a strong effect on gametocyte reduction in P. falciparum. MB has, thus, been considered a potentially useful partner drug for artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), particularly when elimination is the final goal. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature published until early 2017 to summarise existing knowledge on the efficacy and safety of MB in the treatment of malaria. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting on the efficacy and safety of MB were systematically searched for in relevant electronic databases according to a pre-designed search strategy. The search (without language restrictions) was limited to studies of humans published until February 2017. Results: Out of 474 studies retrieved, a total of 22 articles reporting on 21 studies were eligible for analysis. -
Application for Inclusion of Artesunate/Amodiaquine Fixed Dose Combination Tablets in the Who Model Lists of Essential Medicines
SANOFI-AVENTIS artesunate/amodiaquine Application for inclusion in the WHO Model Lists of essential medicines June 2009- updated Sept. 2010 APPLICATION FOR INCLUSION OF ARTESUNATE/AMODIAQUINE FIXED DOSE COMBINATION TABLETS IN THE WHO MODEL LISTS OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES Artesunate / Amodiaquine, Fixed dose combination 1/57 25 mg/ 67.5 mg, 50 mg/ 135 mg and 100 mg/270 mg SANOFI-AVENTIS artesunate/amodiaquine Application for inclusion in the WHO Model Lists of essential medicines June 2009- updated Sept. 2010 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Summary statement of the proposal for inclusion p.4 2. Name of the focal point in WHO submitting or supporting the p.9 Application 3. Name of the organisation(s) consulted and/or supporting the p.10 Application 4. International Non-proprietary Name (INN, generic name) of p.10 the medicine 5. Dosage form or strength proposed for inclusion p.10 5.1. Chemical characteristics p.10 5.2. The formulation proposed for inclusion p.11 5.3. Stability of the formulation p.14 6. International availability – sources, if possible manufacturers p.14 6.1. Sources and manufacturers p.14 6.2. History of the product p.15 6.3. International availability and production capacity p.16 7. Whether listing is requested as an individual medicine or as an p.17 example of a group 8. Information supporting the public health relevance p.18 (epidemiological information on disease burden, assessment of current use, target population) 9. Treatment details p.22 9.1. Method of administration p.22 9.2. Dosage p.22 9.3. Duration p.22 9.4.