Computational Tools to Investigate Neurological Disorders
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Reconstruction and Simulation of the Cerebellar Microcircuit: a Scaffold Strategy to Embed Different Levels of Neuronal Details
Reconstruction and simulation of the cerebellar microcircuit: a scaffold strategy to embed different levels of neuronal details Claudia Casellato, Elisa Marenzi, Stefano Casali, Chaitanya Medini, Alice Geminiani, Alessandra Pedrocchi, Egidio D’Angelo Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy Computational models allow propagating microscopic phenomena into large‐scale networks and inferencing causal relationships across scales. Here we reconstruct the cerebellar circuit by bottom‐up modeling, reproducing the peculiar properties of this structure, which shows a quasi‐crystalline geometrical organization well defined by convergence/divergence ratios of neuronal connections and by the anisotropic 3D orientation of dendritic and axonal processes [1]. Therefore, a cerebellum scaffold model has been developed and tested. It maintains scalability and can be flexibly handled to incorporate neuronal properties on multiple scales of complexity. The cerebellar scaffold includes the canonical neuron types: Granular cell, Golgi cell, Purkinje cell, Stellate and Basket cells, Deep Cerebellar Nuclei cell. Placement was based on density and encumbrance values, connectivity on specific geometry of dendritic and axonal fields, and on distance‐based probability. In the first release, spiking point‐neuron models based on Integrate&Fire dynamics with exponential synapses were used. The network was run in the neural simulator pyNEST. Complex spatiotemporal patterns of activity, similar to those observed in vivo, emerged [2]. For a second release of the microcircuit model, an extension of the generalized Leaky Integrate&Fire model has been developed (E‐GLIF), optimized for each cerebellar neuron type and inserted into the built scaffold [3]. -
Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface
Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface Dongjin (DJ) Seo Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2018-146 http://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2018/EECS-2018-146.html December 1, 2018 Copyright © 2018, by the author(s). All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission. Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface by Dongjin Seo A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering - Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Michel M. Maharbiz, Chair Professor Elad Alon Professor John Ngai Fall 2016 Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface Copyright 2016 by Dongjin Seo 1 Abstract Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface by Dongjin Seo Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering - Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley Professor Michel M. Maharbiz, Chair A seamless, high density, chronic interface to the nervous system is essential to enable clinically relevant applications such as electroceuticals or brain-machine interfaces (BMI). Currently, a major hurdle in neurotechnology is the lack of an implantable neural interface system that remains viable for a patient's lifetime due to the development of biological response near the implant. -
Neurotechnologies and Brain Computer Interface
From Technologies to Market Sample Neurotechnologies and brain computer interface Market and Technology analysis 2018 LIST OF COMPANIES MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT 240+ slides of market and technology analysis Abbott, Ad-tech, Advanced Brain Monitoring, AdvaStim, AIST, Aleva Neurotherapeutics, Alphabet, Amazon, Ant Group, ArchiMed, Artinis Medical Systems, Atlas Neuroengineering, ATR, Beijing Pins Medical, BioSemi, Biotronik, Blackrock Microsystems, Boston Scientific, Brain products, BrainCo, Brainscope, Brainsway, Cadwell, Cambridge Neurotech, Caputron, CAS Medical Systems, CEA, Circuit Therapeutics, Cirtec Medical, Compumedics, Cortec, CVTE, Cyberonics, Deep Brain Innovations, Deymed, Dixi Medical, DSM, EaglePicher Technologies, Electrochem Solutions, electroCore, Elmotiv, Endonovo Therapeutics, EnerSys, Enteromedics, Evergreen Medical Technologies, Facebook, Flow, Foc.us, G.Tec, Galvani Bioelectronics, General Electric, Geodesic, Glaxo Smith Klein, Halo Neurosciences, Hamamatsu, Helius Medical, Technologies, Hitachi, iBand+, IBM Watson, IMEC, Integer, Integra, InteraXon, ISS, Jawbone, Kernel, LivaNova, Mag and More, Magstim, Magventure, Mainstay Medical, Med-el Elektromedizinische Geraete, Medtronic, Micro Power Electronics, Micro Systems Technologies, Micromed, Microsoft, MindMaze, Mitsar, MyBrain Technologies, Natus, NEC, Nemos, Nervana, Neurable, Neuralink, NeuroCare, NeuroElectrics, NeuroLutions, NeuroMetrix, Neuronetics, Neuronetics, Neuronexus, Neuropace, Neuros Medical, Neuroscan, NeuroSigma, NeuroSky, Neurosoft, Neurostar, Neurowave, -
Towards a UK Neurotechnology Strategy
Towards a UK Neurotechnology Strategy A UK ecosystem for Neurotechnology: Development, commercial exploitation and societal adoption Prof. Keith Mathieson (Chair) | Prof. Tim Denison (Co-chair) | Dr. Charlie Winkworth-Smith 1 Towards a UK Neurotechnology Strategy Towards a UK Neurotechnology Strategy Contents Executive Summary 05 A UK Eco-System for Neurotechnology: Development, Commercial Exploitation and Societal Adoption 06 The UK 08 Our Proposed Approach 12 Case Study: Retinal Prosthetics 15 Uses of Neurotechnology 18 Bioelectronic Medicine 18 Brain-Computer Interfaces 19 Human Cognitive Augmentation 21 Development of New Neurotechnologies Provides Non-Pharmaceutical Alternatives to Chronic Pain Relief 22 Overview of the UK Neurotechnology Landscape 24 Opportunities for the UK 29 Steering Group 30 We will create a shared vision for the UK to be a world leader in neurotechnology. 2 1 https://www.internationalbraininitiative.org/ 3 Executive Summary Recent funding initiatives have changed the global neurotechnology landscape, with the US, China, Japan, the EU, Canada and Australia all investing at scale in 10 year+ programmes. In particular, the US has seen an investment of $1.7 billion since 2014 in their national programme1. The resultant rapid maturation of the academic research has led to sophisticated clinical devices capable of treating neurodegenerative conditions in patients and to a burgeoning commercial sector. The UK, with its outstanding neuroscience, medical and engineering expertise, has an exciting opportunity to make a valuable contribution to the leadership of this international effort. Vision: In response to this opportunity our vision is to bring together the existing strengths and form a cohesive UK eco-system to accelerate commercial and economic opportunities from neurotechnology science and engineering research. -
Selected Topics in Neuroplastic & Reconstructive Surgery
CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION Fifth Annual Selected Topics in Neuroplastic & Reconstructive Surgery: An International Symposium on Cranioplasty and Implantable Neurotechnology with Cadaver Lab Presented by: Department of Plastic-Reconstructive Surgery & Department of Neurosurgery Section of Neuroplastic & Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Jointly Provided by: Society of Neuroplastic Surgery November 2-3, 2019 General Session – November 2 Hands-on Lab – November 3 The Rotunda Boston Bioskills Lab Joseph B. Martin Conference Center Boston, Massachusetts at Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts This activity endorsed by: American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons NEW American Society of Plastic Surgeons THIS YEAR! Oral Abstract Congress of Neurological Surgeons Session Global Neuro Society of Neuroplastic Surgery This activity has been approved for AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. DESCRIPTION Modern-day cranioplasty, along with the burgeoning field of Neuroplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, is undergoing a significant paradigm shift related to various techniques, surgical advancements, implantable neurotechnology, and improved biomaterials. These changes have stimulated us to assemble premier thought leaders in various specialties including neurosurgery, neuroplastic surgery, craniofacial surgery, and plastic surgery to meet for the FIFTH annual symposium dedicated to the subjects of “cranioplasty”, “implantable neurotechnology”, and “neuroplastic surgery”—to be hosted this year at the Joseph B. Martin Conference Center at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. The faculty will gather to present evidence-based data on surgical approaches and state-of-the-art materials, engage and network within a broad array of colleagues and experts, and share high-yield experiences to help attendees improve their patient outcomes. Interactive panel discussions following each lecture will offer the opportunity to debate the evidence, exchange ideas, and gain invaluable insight to assist with the most challenging cases. -
Implantable Microelectrodes on Soft Substrate with Nanostructured Active Surface for Stimulation and Recording of Brain Activities Valentina Castagnola
Implantable microelectrodes on soft substrate with nanostructured active surface for stimulation and recording of brain activities Valentina Castagnola To cite this version: Valentina Castagnola. Implantable microelectrodes on soft substrate with nanostructured active sur- face for stimulation and recording of brain activities. Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics. Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 2014. English. tel-01137352 HAL Id: tel-01137352 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01137352 Submitted on 31 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSETHÈSE En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : l’Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier) Présentée et soutenue le 18/12/2014 par : Valentina CASTAGNOLA Implantable Microelectrodes on Soft Substrate with Nanostructured Active Surface for Stimulation and Recording of Brain Activities JURY M. Frédéric MORANCHO Professeur d’Université Président de jury M. Blaise YVERT Directeur de recherche Rapporteur Mme Yael HANEIN Professeur d’Université Rapporteur M. Pascal MAILLEY Directeur de recherche Examinateur M. Christian BERGAUD Directeur de recherche Directeur de thèse Mme Emeline DESCAMPS Chargée de Recherche Directeur de thèse École doctorale et spécialité : GEET : Micro et Nanosystèmes Unité de Recherche : Laboratoire d’Analyse et d’Architecture des Systèmes (UPR 8001) Directeur(s) de Thèse : M. -
The Human Brain Project—Synergy Between Neuroscience, Computing, Informatics, and Brain-Inspired Technologies
COMMUNITY PAGE The Human Brain ProjectÐSynergy between neuroscience, computing, informatics, and brain-inspired technologies 1,2 3 4 5 Katrin AmuntsID *, Alois C. Knoll , Thomas LippertID , Cyriel M. A. PennartzID , 6 7 8 9 10 Philippe RyvlinID , Alain DestexheID , Viktor K. Jirsa , Egidio D'Angelo , Jan G. BjaalieID 1 Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum JuÈlich, Germany, 2 C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital DuÈsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University DuÈsseldorf, DuÈsseldorf, Germany, 3 Institut fuÈr Informatik VI, Technische UniversitaÈt MuÈnchen, Garching bei MuÈnchen, a1111111111 Germany, 4 JuÈlich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum JuÈlich, a1111111111 Germany, 5 Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, the a1111111111 Netherlands, 6 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and a1111111111 University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 7 Unite de Neurosciences, Information & Complexite a1111111111 (UNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 8 Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Inserm UMR1106, Aix-Marseille UniversiteÂ, Faculte de MeÂdecine, Marseille, France, 9 Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, Unit of Neurophysiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 10 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Amunts K, Knoll AC, Lippert T, Pennartz CMA, Ryvlin P, Destexhe A, et al. (2019) The Abstract Human Brain ProjectÐSynergy between neuroscience, computing, informatics, and brain- The Human Brain Project (HBP) is a European flagship project with a 10-year horizon aim- inspired technologies. PLoS Biol 17(7): e3000344. ing to understand the human brain and to translate neuroscience knowledge into medicine https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000344 and technology. -
Use of Neurotechnology in Normal Brain Aging and Alzheimer
Use of Neurotechnology in Normal Brain Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and AD-Related Dementias (ADRD) NIA Virtual Workshop Division of Neuroscience April 27, 2020 Final June 1, 2020 This meeting summary was prepared by Dave Frankowski, Rose Li and Associates, Inc., under contract to the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The views expressed in this document reflect both individual and collective opinions of the focus group participants an d not necessarily those of NIA. Review of earlier versions of this meeting summary by the following individuals is gratefully acknowledged: Ali Abedi, Ed Boyden, Dana Carluccio, Monica Fabiani, Mariana Figueiro, Jay Gupta, Ben Hampstead, Marie Hayes, Abhishek Rege, Fiza Singh, Nancy Tuvesson, Shuai Xu. Neurotechnology in Normal Brain Aging, AD, and ADRD April 27, 2020 Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 Meeting Summary ................................................................................................................. 3 Welcome and Opening Remarks .............................................................................................................. 3 Using Non-invasive Sensory Stimulation to Ameliorate Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Symptoms 3 Flipping the Switch: How to Use Light to Improve the Lives and Health of Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias .............................................................................................................. -
NEST Desktop
NEST Conference 2019 A Forum for Users & Developers Conference Program Norwegian University of Life Sciences 24-25 June 2019 NEST Conference 2019 24–25 June 2019, Ås, Norway Monday, 24th June 11:00 Registration and lunch 12:30 Opening (Dean Anne Cathrine Gjærde, Hans Ekkehard Plesser) 12:50 GeNN: GPU-enhanced neural networks (James Knight) 13:25 Communication sparsity in distributed Spiking Neural Network Simulations to improve scalability (Carlos Fernandez-Musoles) 14:00 Coffee & Posters 15:00 Sleep-like slow oscillations induce hierarchical memory association and synaptic homeostasis in thalamo-cortical simulations (Pier Stanislao Paolucci) 15:20 Implementation of a Frequency-Based Hebbian STDP in NEST (Alberto Antonietti) 15:40 Spike Timing Model of Visual Motion Perception and Decision Making with Reinforcement Learning in NEST (Petia Koprinkova-Hristova) 16:00 What’s new in the NEST user-level documentation (Jessica Mitchell) 16:20 ICEI/Fenix: HPC and Cloud infrastructure for computational neuroscientists (Jochen Eppler) 17:00 NEST Initiative Annual Meeting (members-only) 19:00 Conference Dinner Tuesday, 25th June 09:00 Construction and characterization of a detailed model of mouse primary visual cortex (Stefan Mihalas) 09:45 Large-scale simulation of a spiking neural network model consisting of cortex, thalamus, cerebellum and basal ganglia on K computer (Jun Igarashi) 10:10 Simulations of a multiscale olivocerebellar spiking neural network in NEST: a case study (Alice Geminiani) 10:30 NEST3 Quick Preview (Stine Vennemo & Håkon Mørk) -
9.123 Lecture 1 Introduction to Neurotechnology Notes
NEUROTECHNOLOGY IN ACTION 9.123/20.203 Courtesy of digitalbob8 on Flickr. License CC BY. 1 life before neurotechnology… Image is in public domain. Image is in public domain. The Iconographic Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Art, 1851, via Wikimedia Commons. 2 modern optics and staining: delineation of the neuron! Zeiss ! microscope 1870 Golgi stain (1873)! Ramon y Cajal neural microanatomy (1894)! Image is in public domain. Image is in public domain. 3 electrophysiology: electrical behavior of neurons Hodgkin-Huxley model (1952) Image is in public domain. © Nobel Media AB. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/. 4 brain imaging: noninvasive studies of structure and function X-ray CT (1971) MRI (1973)! Courtesy of the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging and Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Consortium of the Human Connectome Project - www.humanconnectomeproject.org. PET (1975) Image is in public domain. Image is in public domain. 5 continuing innovation rapid growth (diversity wanted) © All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/. 6 National Academy of Engineering. Accessed October 14, 2010. http://www.nationalacademies.org. The WHITEHOUSE. "Brain Initiative." Accessed April 2, 2013. https://www.whitehouse.gov/BRAIN. Human Brain Project. https://www.humanbrainproject.eu/. 7 the scale of the brain… numerous brain regions macroscale to nanoscale 1011 neurons 1014 synapses Courtesy of Allan Ajifo on Flickr. CC license BY. 8 “forest” of cell types the complexity of the brain… complex interconnectivity cellular and subcellular features Image of neural signaling is in public domain. -
Introduction. Advances and Future Directions in Brain Mapping In
NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS Neurosurg Focus 48 (2):E1, 2020 INTRODUCTION Advances and future directions in brain mapping in neurosurgery Alexandra J. Golby, MD,1 Eric C. Leuthardt, MD, FNAI,2 Hugues Duffau, MD, PhD,3 and Mitchel S. Berger, MD4 1Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1051 Laboratory, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, France; and 4Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California EUROSURGEONS have been directly involved with guide glioma surgery, whereas Fernández et al. provide an brain mapping efforts for well over a century. Di- in-depth investigation of the white matter associated with rect access to the functioning human brain during Heschl’s gyrus. Three papers focus on a variety of aspects surgeryN for intrinsic brain tumors, epilepsy, and functional related to functional MRI (fMRI): Catalino et al. review neurosurgical procedures both requires individual func- the use of resting fMRI for surgical planning, Nolan et tional brain mapping and presents an opportunity to pre- al. studied a patient with a heterotopia, and Stopa et al. cisely map human brain function. Several papers in this surveyed clinicians regarding their use of fMRI. Finally, issue of Neurosurgical Focus extend our current under- two papers, one by Azad and Duffau and the other by Ellis standing of cerebral organization with detailed examina- et al., discuss mapping using noninvasive methods such tion of specific regions. -
Motor Imagery with Brain- Computer Interface Neurotechnology
In: Motor Imagery ISBN: 978-1-63483-125-3 Editor: Brandon M. Garcia © 2015 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 4 Motor Imagery with Brain- Computer Interface Neurotechnology Christoph Guger∗1, Christoph Kapeller1, Rupert Ortner1 and Kyousuke Kamada2 1g.tec medical engineering GmbH, Guger Technologies OG, g.tec medical engineering Spain SL, g.tec neurotechnology USA Inc., Sierningstrasse, Schiedlberg. 2Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan Abstract A brain-computer interface (BCI) analyzes brain activity in real-time to convey information or control an external device. BCI systems often consist of a biosignal amplifier for EEG data acquisition, parameter estimation, and classification to make decisions in real-time. Many BCIs are controlled via motor imagery (through imagined movements), which modulates the EEG in certain frequency bands and regions. Motor imagery based BCIs are used for various applications like cursor control, ∗ [email protected] 62 Christoph Guger, Christoph Kapeller, Rupert Ortner et al. robotic and avatar control, stroke rehabilitation, cognitive assessment, training, and communication. This article presents key scientific experiments and applications, including some of the newest results. Keywords: Brain-computer interface, BCI, motor imagery, event-related desynchronization, ERD, rehabilitation, assessment, control applications Introduction What Is a BCI? Brain-computer interfaces typically use the Electroencephalogram (EEG) or the Electrocorticogram (ECoG) to generate a control signal in real-time. Figure 1 illustrates the basic components of such a system. EEG based systems can easily be used with healthy subjects or patients, since the EEG is measured with active surface electrodes placed on the head, which may be dry electrodes or require electrode gel, saltwater, or other materials to ensure a good contact with the scalp.