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Download This PDF File Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58 (4) (2020) 442-449 doi:10.15625/2525-2518/58/4/14877 LIGNANS FROM LEAVES OF AMESIODENDRON CHINENSE AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY Ho Van Ban1, 2, 3, Trinh Thi Thanh Van1, *, Vu Van Chien1, Nguyen Thi Hue1, Pham Thi Hang1, Nguyen Le Tuan3, Nguyen Xuan Nhiem1, 2, Pham Van Cuong1, 2, Nguyen Quoc Vuong1, 2, * 1Institue of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam 2Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam 3Natural Science department, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon, Viet Nam *Email: [email protected] Received: 9 March 2020; Accepted for publication: 30 June 2020 Abstract. Four lignans, (+)-aptosimon (1), (+)-isolariciresinol (2), (-)-cleomiscosin A (3), and (-)-cleomiscosin C (4) were isolated from the leaves of Amesiodendron chinense (Mer.) Hu. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including MS, 1D and 2D NMR as well as by comparison with reported literatures. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, KB, SK-LU-1, MCF-7, HepG-2, and SW-480. The compounds showed weak cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 32.61 to 95.18 µg/mL. Keywords: Amesiodendron chinense, lignans, cytotoxic activity. Classification numbers: 1.1.1, 1.2.1. 1. INTRODUCTION Lignans, considered as phytoestrogens, are widely found in plant kingdom and they created an enormous class of pharmacological active compounds. The current evidences highlight the bioactive properties of lignans as human health-promoting molecules, especially cancer prevention [1 - 4]. The genus Amesiodendron (Sapindaceae) comprises three species, distributed in China and Southeast Asia, among which Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu, Vietnamese name “Truong sang”, was listed in 2006 IUCN Red List of threatened species [5, 6]. The chemical and biological investigations of this plant have not been studied yet. As a part of our research on searching anticancer reagents from Vietnamese medicinal plants, the ethyl acetate extract of A. chinense was found to inhibit KB human cancer cell line (IC50 value of 20 μg/mL). We report herein the isolation and structural elucidation of four lignans from the leaves of A. chinense and evaluation of their cytotoxic effects. Lignans from leaves of Amesiodendron chinense and their cytotoxic activity 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. General experimental procedures The NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM500 FT-NMR spectrometer. The ESI-MS were measured on an Agilent 1100 Series LC/MSD Trap SL. The melting points were recorded on a Thermo Scientific 1402, Mel-Temp 3.0 USA. Optical rotations were recorded on a JASCO P-2000 Polarimeter. Column chromatography (CC) was performed using a silica gel 60 (230 - 400 mesh, Merck) or RP-18 resins (30 - 50 μm, Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd, Aichi, Japan). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) used percolated silica gel 60 F254 (Merck) and RP-18 F254S plates (Merck). 2.2. Plant material The leaves of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu were collected at Sontra, Danang, Viet Nam in June 2018 and identified by Dr. Do Van Hai, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST. A voucher specimen (PTH15032018) was deposited in the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST. 2.3. In vitro cytotoxic assay The effects of compounds on viability of cells were determined by sulforhodamine B (SRB) cytotoxic assay [7]. Cells were grown in 96-well microliter plates containing 190 μL of medium 4 o (DMSO 10 %) with 3.10 cell/ well then incubated at 37 C and 5 % CO2. After 24 h, the samples dissolved in DMSO (10 μL) was added to each well at concentrations of 100, 20, 4, and 0.8 μg/mL. The one plate without samples served as a day 0 (timezero) control. The cells were continuously cultured for additional 72 h. After incubating, cell monolayers were fixed with 20 % (wt/v) trichloroacetic acid and stained for 30 min and washed with 5 % (v/v) acetic acid (three times) to move excess SRB. The protein bound dye was dissolved in 10 mM Tris base solution. Optical density value (OD) was determined at 515 nm using ELISA Plate Reader (Biotek). The percentage of cell-growth inhibition (GI) was calculated using the formulae below: % GI = 100 [(ODsample – OD0)/(ODc OD0)] ×100, in which: ODsample is the average optical density value at 72 h; OD0: the average optical density value at time-zero; and ODc: the average optical density value of the control sample (sample contains DMSO 10 %). IC50 values were calculated using TableCurve 2Dv4 software. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. 2.4. Extraction and isolation Dried leaves of A. chinense (7.0 kg) were powdered and extracted with 85 % MeOH (three times at 50 oC, each 6 h). The extracts were collected and solvent was removed in reduced pressure to give a MeOH extract (2.5 L). The MeOH extract was suspended with H2O (2.5 L) and then successively partitioned with n-hexane, and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) to give n-hexane (ACH, 70 g) and EtOAc (ACE, 50 g) residues and water layer (ACW). The ACE fraction was applied on a silica gel column eluting with CH2Cl2/EtOAc (10/1, v/v) to give ACE1 (6 g), ACE2 (8 g), ACE3 (13 g), ACE4 (11 g), and ACE5 (7 g). The ACE1 fraction was chromatographed on 443 Ho Van Ban, et al. a silica gel column eluting with CH2Cl2/EtOAc (4/1, v/v) to yield compound 1 (30.0 mg). The ACE2 fraction was applied on a silica gel column eluting with n-hexane/EtOAc (1/4, v/v) to give four smaller fractions, ACF2.1-ACF2.4. The ACE2.1 fraction was chromatographed on a silica gel column eluting with solvent of n-hexane/EtOAc (1/4, v/v) then purified on a sephadex LH-20 column eluting with MeOH to yield compound 2 (7.0 mg). The ACE5 fraction was applied on a silica gel column eluting with EtOAc/acetone (4/1, v/v) to give 5 sub-fractions (ACF5.1-ACF5.5). The ACE5.2 fraction was chromatographed on an RP-18 column, eluting with MeOH/H2O (1/1, v/v) and then purified on a sephadex LH-20 column eluting with MeOH and crystalized by MeOH to yield compound 3 (9.0 mg). The ACE5.3 fraction was applied on a silica column eluting with CH2Cl2/acetone (6/1 v/v), and then purified on a sephadex LH-20 column to yield compound 4 (10.0 mg). 25 o (＋)-Aptosimon (1): white amorphous powder, [α]D : + 65 (c 0.1, MeOH), UV λmax -1 (MeOH) nm: 205.6, 286.4. IR (KBr) νmax = 3073, 2899, 1764, 1264, 1167, 1040, 926 cm ; + 1 Positive ESI-MS: m/z 369 [M+H] . H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δH 3.20 (1H, m, H-1), 3.42 (1H, dd, J = 3.5, 9.0 Hz, H-5), 4.00 (1H, dd, J = 5.0, 9.5 Hz, Hβ -8), 4.32 (1H, dd, J = 7.0, 9.5 Hz, Hα-8), 5.28 (1H, d, J = 4.0 Hz, H-2), 5.30 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz, H-6), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, H- 5'), 6.77 (H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H- 5''), 6.80 (1H, br d, J = 6.5 Hz, H-6'), 6.81 (1H, br s, H- 2'), 13 6.84 (1H, br d, 8.0 Hz, H-6''), and 6.86 (1H, br s, H- 2''). C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δC 49.9 (C-1), 53.3 (C-5), 72.7 (C-8), 83.4 (C-6), 84.3 (C-2), 101.4 and 101.2 (2 × OCH2O), 105.7 (C- 5'), 106.0 (C-5"), 108.3 (C-2'), 108.5 (C-2"), 118.8 (C-6’), 119.0 (C-2”), 133.1(C-1'), 134.4 (C- 1"), 147.3, 148.0, 148.1, 148.4 (C-4', C-4", C-3', C-3"), and 176.6 (4-CO). 25 o (+)-Isolariciresinol (2): white amorphous powder, [α]D : + 25 (c 0.1, MeOH), UV λmax + 1 (MeOH) nm: 211.6, 284.6. Positive ESI-MS: m/z 383 [M+Na] . H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δH 1.80 (1H, ddt, J = 3.5, 4.5, 10.0 Hz, H-8), 2.02 (1H, m), 2.79 (2H, br d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-7'), 3.42(1H, dd, J = 4.5, 11.5 Hz, Hb-9), 3.65-3.72 (2 H, overlap, H2-9' and Ha-9), 3.80 (3H, s, 3- OCH3), 3.82 (1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, H-7), 3.83 (3H, s, 3'-OCH3), 6.21 (1H, s, H-5'), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz, H-6), 6.68 (1H, s, H-2'), 6.70 (1H, br d, J = 1.5 Hz, H-2), and 6.76 (1H, dd, J = 8.0 13 Hz, H-5). C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δC 33.6 (C-7'), 40.1 (C-8'), 48.0 (C-7/8), 56.4 (3-OCH3), 56.4 (3'-OCH3), 62.3 (C-9), 66.0 (C-9'), 112.4 (C-2'), 113.8 (C-2), 116.0 (C-5), 117.4 (C-5'), 123.2 (C-6), 129.0 (C-1'), 134.2 (C-6'), 138.6 (C-1), 145.3 (C-4'), 146.0 (C-4), 147.2 (C-3'), and 149.0 (C-3). 25 o (-)-Cleomiscosin A (3): colorless needles, mp 249-250.
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