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Can We Move from Conflict to Cooperation: Water Resources

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Can We Move from Conflict to Cooperation: Water Resources CAN WE MOVE FROM CONFLICT TO COOPERATION: WATER RESOURCES PLANNING IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES by DON R. CHRISTY (Under the Direction of James E. Kundell) ABSTRACT Water resources management challenges continue to grow across the southeastern United States as a result of population growth, economic and industrial development, increasing energy demands, and continuing needs to provide water for production of food and fiber. Attempts to allocate resources to meet human and ecosystem needs as well as non-utilitarian values have been complicated by climatic events, water pollution, interstate disputes over transboundary resources, and intrastate conflicts among users for available supplies. Federal and state governments have implemented various programs and initiatives to address pending and developing challenges. Because multi-state (regional) approaches are not directly contemplated by the federalist system ascribing federal and state authority, such approaches have received less consideration towards resolving water resource management problems. This research employs a case study design to examine organizational structures and institutional arrangements associated with the Delaware River Basin Commission, Gulf of Mexico Program, and the Western States Water Council to explore the attributes of collective action structures, survey institutions and institutional arrangements primarily at collective choice and operational levels, and identify the types of functions and collaborative programs implemented. The case study results are supplemented by survey research to ascertain the views, opinions, and preferences of selected senior state environmental agency officials from across the region. Most notably, respondents were asked about the need for and benefit of a collaborative mechanism for regional surface water resources planning and coordination among regional states and potential impediments to establishing such mechanism. Based on case study evaluations, the study ascertained numerous characteristics of viable institutional arrangements for water resources management. Among those are a shared sense of resource conditions, threats and responsibility to address any threats (regional identity); a prior history of state officials working on environmental or natural resources challenges; advocates among state leaders; and the presence of external triggers. While support exists for adopting institutional arrangements for regional surface water planning and coordination, state leaders identified several potential impediments along with potential strategies to overcome some barriers. INDEX WORDS: surface water resources management, water policy, regional water planning CAN WE MOVE FROM CONFLICT TO COOPERATION: WATER RESOURCES PLANNING IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES by DON R. CHRISTY B.S., University of Southern Mississippi, 1984 M.S., University of Georgia, 2003 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2014 © 2014 Don R. Christy All Rights Reserved CAN WE MOVE FROM CONFLICT TO COOPERATION: WATER RESOURCES PLANNING IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES by DON R. CHRISTY Major Professor: James E. Kundell Committee: Richard L. Clark Alan P. Covich Laurie A. Fowler James W. Porter Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When one has had a graduate school career as long as mine, the list of people who have played a role in achieving any success is very lengthy. I must begin by stating a truism—it is only by the grace of God that I have been able to make this journey and accomplish this feat. Given the challenges that had to be overcome, I certainly would not been able to complete this program without his assistance. It goes without saying that Jim Kundell, my faculty advisor and friend, has played a tremendous role, not only in my completion of this Ph.D. program, but in my life. When I was frustrated, he showed patience and tolerance. When I was struggling, he provided guidance. I greatly understand and appreciate that this long journey has been difficult on him, perhaps harder at time than need be. However, he persevered. Jim’s wife, Linda, has also offered support, firm advice, and food, when appropriate, to help ensure that I completed this apparently never-ending trek. I deeply thank them for their kindness, understanding, and commitment. I sincerely thank my committee members, Laurie Fowler, Rich Clark, Alan Covich, and Jim Porter for their guidance and insights throughout this process. Thanks also go out to my father, Henry Christy, mother, the late Janice Christy, and stepmother, Margie Christy, for their unwavering support and encouragement over the many years. I have been fortunate through much of my graduate school career to receive financial support through the Carl Vinson Institute of Government at the University of Georgia. I greatly appreciate the support from the leadership, faculty, and staff of the Institute over these many years. iv I greatly appreciate the efforts of Jason Evans in assisting me with the creation of the maps in this dissertation. Despite a very busy schedule, he was gracious enough to provide the assistance. My gratitude is also extended to the faculty and staff of the Odum School of Ecology who have continued to work with me through this process. As a non-traditional student, I have long since discovered that one is not able to achieve success in life and work without the assistance of others. Using a Palmerism, the only place that success comes before work is in the dictionary. I hope that my life and work experiences and this process will allow me to have foresight in solving problems. However, to adapt a quote from Sir Isaac Newton—if I can see further, it is not that I am a giant, but because I stand on the shoulders of giants. For me, those giants certainly include Jim Kundell, Ross King, Jimmy Palmer, Johnny Green, Ron Forsythe, and many of the people acknowledged in the following paragraph. Last, but certainly not least, I could not have completed this venture without support from a group of loyal friends. It is sometimes said that it takes a village to raise a child. Well, I can assure you that success in completing an extended graduate program takes a host of committed friends. My friend, Carolyn Ray, has, more than once, been a guiding light in the darkness and showed kindness, understanding, support, and optimism, even during those times when I was certainly unlovable and completely unbearable. Beyond a doubt, she has also borne many great sacrifices during this journey. Many times Bubba and Kathy Weir went well beyond the call of friendship in putting up with me and supporting my efforts. Without the late night phone calls seeking sagely advice, I would not have made it. Ross and Terry King have allowed me to share their lives and made it a priority to be a significant part of my life. Without limitation, the list goes on to include Aubrey and Debbie Pridgen, Bobby Bounds, Teresa Borne, Danny Pilgrim, Tom and Pam Whitten, Jeff and Sharan Sitton, and Khairy Abu-Salah. If I have forgotten someone, that certainly was not my intention. Thank you all for your understanding and friendship. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 STUDY AREA ...................................................................................................... 6 RESEARCH APPROACH .................................................................................. 24 ORGANIZATION OF DISSERTATION .......................................................... 26 2 BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 28 WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT .......................... 28 CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ........................ 42 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 62 3 CASE STUDIES ........................................................................................................ 71 DELAWARE RIVER BASIN COMMISSION ................................................... 71 GULF OF MEXICO PROGRAM ..................................................................... 116 WESTERN STATES WATER COUNCIL ....................................................... 182 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 220 4 SURVEY RESULTS ................................................................................................ 222 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 222 CURRENT WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES ............................................................. 223 vi IMPORTANCE OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES .......................................................................... 224 STATE ACTIONS ADDRESSING WATER RESOURCE
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