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Jerry Fodor · Why Pigs Don't Have Wings: the Case Against Natural Selection
This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse this site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. (More Information) × LOG IN REGISTER FOR ONLINE ACCESS Search the LRB LATEST ARCHIVE BOOKSHOP CONTACT US ABOUT THE LRB SUBSCRIBE INTRODUCTION BACK ISSUES CONTRIBUTORS CATEGORIES LETTERS AUDIO VIDEO Vol. 29 No. 20 · 18 October 2007 facebook214 twitter 14 share email letter cite print pages 19-22 | 5138 words ‘We are larger | smaller now at our Why Pigs Don’t Have Wings most unequal Jerry Fodor since 1940’ You are invited to read this free essay from the London Review of Books. Ben Rawlence Register for free and enjoy 24 hours of access to the entire LRB archive @ LRB blog Jerry Fodor has of over 12,500 essays and reviews. almost finished a book, with Zenon Pylyshyn, Die Meistersinger is, by Wagner’s standards, quite a cheerful opera. The action turns on comedy’s staple, the marriage plot: get the hero and the heroine safely and truly wed about the semantics of with at least a presumption of happiness ever after. There are cross-currents and mental representation. undercurrents that make Meistersinger’s libretto subtle in ways that the librettos of He teaches at Rutgers. operas usually aren’t. But for once Nietzsche is nowhere in sight and nobody dies; the territory is closer to The Barber of Seville than to The Ring. Yet, in the first scene of Act 3, the avuncular Hans Sachs, whose benevolent interventions smooth the lovers’ MORE BY THIS CONTRIBUTOR course, delivers an aria of bitter reflection on the human condition. -
The Mindful Hand
The mindful hand 99780-07_The780-07_The MMindfulindful HHand_Voorweriand_Voorweri i 113-09-20073-09-2007 009:39:359:39:35 History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands, volume 9 The series History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands presents studies on a variety of subjects in the history of science, scholarship and academic institutions in the Netherlands. Titles in this series 1. Rienk Vermij, The Calvinist Copernicans. The reception of the new astronomy in the Dutch Republic, 1575-1750. 2002, isbn 90-6984-340-4 2. Gerhard Wiesenfeldt, Leerer Raum in Minervas Haus. Experimentelle Naturlehre an der Universität Leiden, 1675-1715, 2002, isbn 90-6984-339-0 3. Rina Knoeff, Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738). Calvinist chemist and physician. 2002, isbn 90-6984-342-0 4. Johanna Levelt Sengers, How fl uids unmix. Discoveries by the School of Van der Waals and Kamerlingh Onnes. 2002, isbn 90-6984-357-9 5. Jacques L.R. Touret and Robert P.W. Visser, editors, Dutch pioneers of the earth sciences, 2004, isbn 90-6984-389-7 6. Renée E. Kistemaker, Natalya P. Kopaneva, Debora J. Meijers and Georgy Vilinbakhov, editors, The Paper Museum of the Academy of Sciences in St Peterburg (c. 1725-1760), Introduction and Interpretation, 2005, isbn 90-6984-424-9, isbn dvd 90-6984-425-7, isbn Book and dvd 90-6984-426-5 7. Charles van den Heuvel, ‘De Huysbou’. A reconstruction of an unfi nished treatise on architecture, town planning and civil engineering by Simon Stevin, 2005, isbn 90-6984- 432-x 8. Florike Egmond, Paul Hoftijzer and Robert P.W. -
Alvaro Moreno Matteo Mossio a Philosophical and Theoretical Enquiry
History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Alvaro Moreno Matteo Mossio Biological Autonomy A Philosophical and Theoretical Enquiry History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Volume 12 Editors Charles T. Wolfe, Ghent University, Belgium Philippe Huneman, IHPST (CNRS/Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne), France Thomas A.C. Reydon, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Editorial Board Marshall Abrams (University of Alabama at Birmingham) Andre Ariew (Missouri) Minus van Baalen (UPMC, Paris) Domenico Bertoloni Meli (Indiana) Richard Burian (Virginia Tech) Pietro Corsi (EHESS, Paris) François Duchesneau (Université de Montréal) John Dupré (Exeter) Paul Farber (Oregon State) Lisa Gannett (Saint Mary’s University, Halifax) Andy Gardner (Oxford) Paul Griffiths (Sydney) Jean Gayon (IHPST, Paris) Guido Giglioni (Warburg Institute, London) Thomas Heams (INRA, AgroParisTech, Paris) James Lennox (Pittsburgh) Annick Lesne (CNRS, UPMC, Paris) Tim Lewens (Cambridge) Edouard Machery (Pittsburgh) Alexandre Métraux (Archives Poincaré, Nancy) Hans Metz (Leiden) Roberta Millstein (Davis) Staffan Müller-Wille (Exeter) Dominic Murphy (Sydney) François Munoz (Université Montpellier 2) Stuart Newman (New York Medical College) Frederik Nijhout (Duke) Samir Okasha (Bristol) Susan Oyama (CUNY) Kevin Padian (Berkeley) David Queller (Washington University, St Louis) Stéphane Schmitt (SPHERE, CNRS, Paris) Phillip Sloan (Notre Dame) Jacqueline Sullivan (Western University, London, ON) Giuseppe Testa (IFOM-IEA, Milano) J. Scott Turner (Syracuse) Denis -
The Philosophy of Biology Edited by David L
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85128-2 - The Cambridge Companion to the Philosophy of Biology Edited by David L. Hull and Michael Ruse Frontmatter More information the cambridge companion to THE PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY The philosophy of biology is one of the most exciting new areas in the field of philosophy and one that is attracting much attention from working scientists. This Companion, edited by two of the founders of the field, includes newly commissioned essays by senior scholars and by up-and- coming younger scholars who collectively examine the main areas of the subject – the nature of evolutionary theory, classification, teleology and function, ecology, and the prob- lematic relationship between biology and religion, among other topics. Up-to-date and comprehensive in its coverage, this unique volume will be of interest not only to professional philosophers but also to students in the humanities and researchers in the life sciences and related areas of inquiry. David L. Hull is an emeritus professor of philosophy at Northwestern University. The author of numerous books and articles on topics in systematics, evolutionary theory, philosophy of biology, and naturalized epistemology, he is a recipient of a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Michael Ruse is professor of philosophy at Florida State University. He is the author of many books on evolutionary biology, including Can a Darwinian Be a Christian? and Darwinism and Its Discontents, both published by Cam- bridge University Press. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, he has appeared on television and radio, and he contributes regularly to popular media such as the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Playboy magazine. -
Neo-Paleyan Biology
1 Neo-Paleyan Biology Tim Lewens University of Cambridge Department of History and Philosophy of Science Free School Lane Cambridge CB2 3RH Email: [email protected] Abstract There is a ‘Neo-Paleyan’ tradition in British evolutionary theorising, which began with Darwin and continues to the present day. This tradition conceives of adaptation in terms of design, and it often puts natural selection in the role of an ersatz designer. There are significant disanalogies between Paleyan conceptions of design and modern conceptions of adaptation and selection, which help to explain why the neo-Paleyan programme is sometimes treated with hostility. These general disanalogies do not suffice to dismiss the most interesting forms of recent neo-Paleyanism, which draw on theoretical principles such as Fisher’s Fundamental Theorem to ground a general approach to what we can call (following Grafen) the ‘criterion’ of evolutionary design. It is important to distinguish between justifications of this ‘criterion’ and justifications of approaches to nature which presuppose that natural selection produces good designs. 2 Keywords: Adaptation, Andy Gardner, Alan Grafen, Design, Fisher’s Fundamental Theorem, William Paley Funding This work was funded by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. I am also grateful to the Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Paris, for support during the completion of this project. Acknowledgements Earlier versions of this paper were presented in Copenhagen, Oulu and Paris. I am grateful to audiences there, and to the referees from this journal for comments. I am especially grateful to Jean-Baptiste Grodwohl for remarkably detailed and penetrating remarks on the submitted manuscript, and to Andy Gardner, Jonathan Birch and Samir Okasha for additional suggestions for improvements and clarifications. -
STEVEN SHAPIN Place of Birth
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: STEVEN SHAPIN Place of Birth: New York, NY Nationality: U.S.A. Education: (i) 1961-1966: Reed College, Portland, Oregon: B.A. (Major subject: Biology). (ii) 1966-1967: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin: Post-graduate study in Department of Genetics. (iii) 1968-1971: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: M.A., Ph.D. in History & Sociology of Science: Thesis: “The Royal Society of Edinburgh: A Study of the Social Context of Hanoverian Science.” Academic Employment: (i) 1972: Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire: Visiting Research Fellow in History of Science. (ii) 1973-1988: Edinburgh University, Science Studies Unit: Lecturer in Science Studies. (iii) 1988-1989: 1 Edinburgh University, Science Studies Unit: Reader in Science Studies. (iv) 1979 (summer): University of Pennsylvania, Department of History & Sociology of Science: Visiting Professor, teaching postgraduate course on sociological methods in history of science. (v) 1979-1980: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow: Visiting Fellow in Department of History & Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania. (vi) 1986 (spring): Simon P. Silverman Distinguished Visiting Professor, Institute for the History & Philosophy of Science & Ideas, Tel-Aviv University. (vii) 1996-1997: Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA. (viii) 2001 (Fall Semester): Visiting Professor, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University. (ix) 1989-2003: Professor of Sociology, University of California, San Diego (1994-98: also Adjunct Professor of History). (x) 2004- : Franklin L. Ford Professor of the History of Science, Harvard University. (xi) January-May 2012: Visiting Professor of History at Columbia University. 2 (xii) May-June 2012: S. T. Lee Visiting Research Professorship in School of Advanced Study, University of London (May-June 2012). -
Phd Thesis Andreas Christiansen
The Ethics of Synthetic Biology Respecting Life and Managing Risk Christiansen, Andreas Publication date: 2016 Document version Other version Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Christiansen, A. (2016). The Ethics of Synthetic Biology: Respecting Life and Managing Risk. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 28. sep.. 2021 UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN FACULTY OF HUMANITIES PhD Thesis Andreas Christiansen The Ethics of Synthetic Biology Respecting Life and Managing Risk Advisor: Sune Holm Submitted: 31/08/2016 1 The Ethics of Synthetic Biology: Respecting Life and Managing Risk PhD Thesis By Andreas Christiansen Department of Media, Cognition and Communication Section of Philosophy Academic advisor: Sune Holm Submitted 31 August 2016 Word count: 50.700 2 Table of contents Acknowledgements 2 Article overview 4 Introduction 6 Article 1 Synthetic Biology and the Moral Significance of Artificial Life 70 Article 2 Similarity Arguments in the Genetic Modification Debate 92 Article 3 Rationality, Thresholds and the Precautionary Principle 126 Article 4 On the Cognitive Argument for Cost-Benefit Analysis 156 Resume 192 Summary 193 References 194 Acknowledgements My biggest debt is to my advisor, Sune Holm. Sune has provided detailed comments on the entire thesis and on several drafts that never made it into the final products, which no doubt improved the final product. He has been enormously encouraging and helpful, which has made the transition from being a student to a researcher much easier and less frightening than it might otherwise have been. Apart from Sune, several people have read parts of the dissertation or earlier drafts. I want to thank Martin Marchman Andersen, Karin Jønch Clausen, Klemens Kappel, Esben Høgh, Tom Douglas, Julian Savulescu, Michael Plant, Carissa Véliz, Norbert Paulo, Maria Serban, Tanja Rechnitzer, Josefine Pallavicini and Johanna Privitera for providing helpful comments and criticisms. -
GRIER-THESIS.Pdf
HYPOTHESIS NON FINGO: THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISAAC NEWTON’S LITERARY TECHNOLOGY A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts In the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By JASON GRIER Copyright Jason Grier, August, 2012. All rights reserved. Permission to Use In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 i ABSTRACT This thesis examines a dispute between Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke during the 1670s over Newton’s “New theory about light and colour.” The controversy offers a fascinating window into the development of Newton's literary methodology for the presentation of his experimental facts. -
Mental Evolution: a Review of Daniel Dennett's from Bacteria to Bach
Mental Evolution: A Review of Daniel Dennett's From Bacteria to Bach and Back July 28, 2017 Abstract From Bacteria To Bach and Back is an ambitious book that attempts to integrate a theory about the evolution of the human mind with another theory about the evolution of human culture. It is advertised as a defense of memes, but conceptualizes memes more liberally than has been done before. It is also advertised as a defense of the proposal that natural selec- tion operates on culture, but conceptualizes natural selection as a process in which nearly all interesting parameters are free to vary. This liberal conception of key concepts creates space for philosophical innovation, but occasionally makes the empirical content of the theory difficult to pin down. Nevertheless, the book is full of scientific insight, wit, and humor. It will undoubtedly become a cause of both controversy and inspiration for those interested in naturalistic theories of human culture. 1 Introduction Dennett's new book is a captivating, lively, and expansive account of the evo- lution of the human mind. It is a grand tour that begins with the origins of organisms, ascends to the heights of human culture, and ends with vistas of a future in which algorithms have begun to replace people as generators of cultural novelty. Although the book is about the evolution of the human mind, it is not a work of evolutionary psychology. Dennett wastes little ink speculating about the Pleistocene conditions that may have prompted domain-specific cognitive adaptations. The opening lines of the book pose a pair of questions that provide a more accurate indication of its focus: \How come there are minds?" and \How 1 is it possible for minds to ask and answer this question?" The scope of these questions is unwieldy, and, as usual, Dennett ignores disciplinary boundaries in his attempt to supply an answer. -
Darwin Skeptics a Select List of Science Academics, Scientists, and Scholars Who Are Skeptical of Darwinism
7/23/2016 Darwin Skeptics A Select List of Science Academics, Scientists, and Scholars Who are Skeptical of Darwinism Compiled by Jerry Bergman PhD. It is commonly claimed that no scientist rejects macroevolution or Darwinism (by which is meant evolutionary naturalism, or the view that variation caused by mutations plus natural selection accounts for all life forms). For example, Dr. Steve Jones, Professor of Genetics at University College of London, wrote that “no scientist denies the central truth of The Origin, the idea of descent with modification... plants, animals and everything else descended from a common ancestor” (Jones, 2000, pp. xvii, xxiii). Other writers avoid the words “all” or “no scientist” and claim instead that “almost no scientist” rejects Darwinism as defined above. In an article refuting “wiccan creationism,” the author claimed that evolutionary theory has been confirmed to such a high degree and has such great explanatory power that it is the central organizing principle of the biological sciences today. Modern biology is basically unthinkable outside of the context of evolution and that is why it is accepted without reservations by pretty much every working scientists [sic] in the life sciences. It also isn’t really questioned in the other natural sciences, either, like physics or chemistry. The author then makes the following absolutist statement: Evolution is taken as a fact—and while there might be disagreements about some of the details of how evolution proceeds, there are no disagreements about the idea that it does occur and that it is the explanation for the diversity of life on our planet. -
Bibliography
Darwin‟s Pious Idea: Why the Ultra-Darwinists and Creationists Both Get It Wrong Conor Cunningham Bibliography Abbreviations Saint Thomas Aquinas Comp. Theol. Compendium Theologiae De Malo Quaestio disputata de malo De Pot. Quaestio disputata de potentia De Ver. Quaestio disputata de veritate In II Sent. Scriptum super libros Sententiarum Liber II In III Sent. Scriptum super libros Sententiarium Liber III In II Phys. Sententia super Physicam Liber II Joh. Expositio in evangelium Joannis ScG Summa contra Gentiles STh Summa Theologiae Works Cited Ahouse, Jeremy C. ―The Tragedy of a priori Selectionism: Dennett and Gould on Adaptationism.‖ Biology and Philosophy 13, no. 3 (1998): 359-91. Alexander, Denis, and Robert White. Beyond Belief: Science, Faith and Ethical Challenges. Oxford: Lion Hudson Press, 2004. Alexander, Richard D. The Biology of Moral Systems. Chicago: Aldine de Gruyter, 1987. _____. ―The Search for a General Theory of Behaviour.‖ Behavioural Science 20 (1975): 77- 100. Alroy, John. ―Cope‘s Rule and the Dynamics of Body Mass Evolution in North American Mammals.‖ Science 280 (1998): 731-4. Alter, Torin. ―Phenomenal Knowledge Without Experience.‖ In The Case for Qualia, edited by Edmond Wright, pp. 247-68. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008. Alter, Torin, and Sven Walter, eds. Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Knowledge: New Essays on Consciousness and Physicalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. American Association for the Advancement of Science. ―Board Resolution on Intelligent Design Theory.‖ (October 18, 2002); available online: http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2002/1106id2.shtml; accessed October 12, 2009. Amundson, Ron. ―Adaptation and Development: On the Lack of Common Ground.‖ In Adaptationism and Optimality, edited by Steven Orzack and Elliott Sober, pp. -
20Th Anniversary 1994-2014 EPSRC 20Th Anniversary CONTENTS 1994-2014
EPSRC 20th Anniversary 1994-2014 EPSRC 20th anniversary CONTENTS 1994-2014 4-9 1994: EPSRC comes into being; 60-69 2005: Green chemistry steps up Peter Denyer starts a camera phone a gear; new facial recognition software revolution; Stephen Salter trailblazes becomes a Crimewatch favourite; modern wave energy research researchers begin mapping the underworld 10-13 1995: From microwave ovens to 70-73 2006: The Silent Aircraft Initiative biomedical engineering, Professor Lionel heralds a greener era in air travel; bacteria Tarassenko’s remarkable career; Professor munch metal, get recycled, emit hydrogen Peter Bruce – batteries for tomorrow 14 74-81 2007: A pioneering approach to 14-19 1996: Professor Alf Adams, prepare against earthquakes and tsunamis; godfather of the internet; Professor Dame beetles inspire high technologies; spin out Wendy Hall – web science pioneer company sells for US$500 million 20-23 1997: The crucial science behind 82-87 2008: Four scientists tackle the world’s first supersonic car; Professor synthetic cells; the 1,000 mph supercar; Malcolm Greaves – oil magnate strategic healthcare partnerships; supercomputer facility is launched 24-27 1998: Professor Kevin Shakesheff – regeneration man; Professor Ed Hinds – 88-95 2009: Massive investments in 20 order from quantum chaos doctoral training; the 175 mph racing car you can eat; rescuing heritage buildings; 28-31 1999: Professor Sir Mike Brady – medical imaging innovator; Unlocking the the battery-free soldier Basic Technologies programme 96-101 2010: Unlocking the