The Most Popular National Sports and Games of the Republic of Kazakhstan
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THE RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT Mass Physical Culture аnd Sports Volume 14 No.1 2019 DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-132-140 The most popular national sports and games of the Republic of Kazakhstan Erkebulan Islyamov1, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova2* 1Association of National Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan [email protected] 2Ulyanov State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-5558-474X, [email protected]* Abstract: Association of National Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the only organization which deals with the development of traditional sports, organizing of republican, international competitions in ethnosport games. The development of national games in the Republic of Kazakhstan started back in 1991. Since the independence of the country, the government always supports when it comes to national sports games. Methods. Scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis and systematization, progressive pedagogical experience summarizing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The Association includes over 15 federations of national sports games. Since 1996, the local athletes have been participated in various world national games, festivals and taken a significant number of medal places. Since 2013, international competitions in national sports have been conducted at the initiative of the Association of National Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan. “Samruk-Kazyna” National Welfare Fund” Joint Stock Company and “Samruk-Kazyna Trust” Development Fund of Social Projects render sponsorship on a regular basis at holding national sports games. In 2018, Association of National Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan membered to the World Ethnosport Confederation (Turkey). Conclusion. There are numerous types of national sports games played in Kazakhstan. Below, it is provided some short information about certain games common to the Turkic nations who live in the Central and Western Asia. For the last few years, Kazakhstan has organized a World Championship, Championships of Asia as well as several international tournaments and festivals for the following sports. Such games as Kokpar, Audaryspak, Tenge ilu, Zhamby atu, Falconry, Baiga, Asyk atu, Togyzkumalak and their rules are presented in the article. Key words: ethnosport games, traditional sports, winner, championship, tournaments. For citation: Erkebulan Islyamov, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova. The most popular national sports and games of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2019; 14(1): 114-121. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-132-140 Introduction Republic of Kazakhstan announced its sovereignty The Republic of Kazakhstan is a country and was recognized as an independent country by located in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It has the world community. President of the Republic of access to Azerbaijan and Iran through the Caspian Kazakhstan – Nursultan Nazarbayev. Sea and the Black Sea through Volga and Volga-Don The capital of Kazakhstan is Astana city. The Canal. state language is Kazakh. Kazakhstan borders with five countries. In According to economic indicators, the the north and west, it borders with Russia, which national economy is considered as developing. The is considered the longest land border in the world, main economic direction is the primary production comprising 6,467 km. In the south, Kazakhstan in the field of fuel energy and agriculture. Currency borders with Turkmenistan – 380 km, Uzbekistan – is tenge. 2,300 km and Kyrgyzstan – 980 km, and in the east The population contains 18,157,078 people, with China – 1,460 km. The total length of its land 64th place in the world. Regarding the territory, it border reaches up to 13, 392.6 km. holds the 9th place (2,724,900 sq.km.). December 16, 1991, is the day when the Association of National Sports of the 114 THE RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT Volume 14 No.1 2019 Republic of Kazakhstan is the only organization games played in Kazakhstan. Below, it is provided which deals with the development of traditional some short information about certain games common sports, organizing of republican, international to the Turkic nations who live in the Central and competitions in ethnosport games. The development Western Asia. For the last few years, Kazakhstan has of national games in the Republic of Kazakhstan organized a World Championship, Championships started back in 1991. Since the independence of the of Asia as well as several international tournaments country, the government always supports when it and festivals for the following sports. comes to national sports games. The Association includes over 15 federations Kokpar is one of the horseback games of the of national sports games. Since 1996, the local Turkic people. In Asia, they call it “kokpar”, “kok- athletes have been participated in various world boruu”, “ulak-tartysh”, “ulak-kupkari”, “buzkashi”. national games, festivals and taken a significant Each nation has its own rules of kokpar. number of medal places. In ancient times traditional game kokpar was Since 2013, international competitions in formed due to need for protection from enemies, i.e. national sports have been conducted at the initiative in peacetime in terms of kokpar people improved of the Association of National Sports of the Republic men’s military skills. For example, during the war a of Kazakhstan. “Samruk-Kazyna” National Welfare man trained to play kokpar could save his wounded Fund” Joint Stock Company and “Samruk-Kazyna fellow picking him up at high speed. All horseracing Trust” Development Fund of Social Projects render games of the Asian people are aimed at mastering sponsorship on a regular basis at holding national courage, agility and speed of young men. sports games. The modern international rules of kokpar In 2018, Association of National Sports of require that a team has to consist of 12 players. 4 the Republic of Kazakhstan membered to the World players from each team can play at a time. During the Ethnosport Confederation (Turkey). game, depending on the need of the team, players in There are numerous types of national sports reserve could substitute the active participants. Currently, kokpar is played on a specially the world festival of national games, which took equipped, 220 m long and 70 m wide field. Two place in Kecskemet, Hungary. teams try to make more salyms to their circle. The In 2012 teams from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan distance between the circles is 180m. and Turkey had an amicable meeting at the World The game has two half–times which last Kokpar Festival in Denizli, Turkey. for 20 minutes each. There is a 10-minute break In 2014 teams from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, between half–times. The team with a greater Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Mongolia and China participated number of salyms wins the game. in the amicable international meeting on kokpar in For the first time, the team kokpar was Ili-Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of the People’s demonstrated at an international level in 1996, at Republic of China. 115 THE RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT Mass Physical Culture аnd Sports Volume 14 No.1 2019 Kokpar teams among adults, youth and traditional audaryspak players compete in duel play teenagers were formed in Astana, Almaty and regardless their weight category. 14 regions of Kazakhstan. Republican kokpar Currently there are special rules of championships and tournaments are conducted audaryspak. Athletes are divided into weight according to the annual calendar plan approved by categories of 60, 70, 80, 90, +90 kg. One team shall the Ministry of Culture and Sport of the Republic of consist of 5 participants. The aim of inclusion of the Kazakhstan. weight category is to create equal conditions for all In 2018 Kokpar Championship of the participants. Republic of Kazakhstan among adults was held for At duel play players shall wear red and blue the 18th time, among youth for the 14th time and belts. Area of the circle is 15 m. Duel time – 5 min. teenagers for the 7th time. In case of draw score players are given additional International kokpar competitions: time. If players get no points during additional time, I Open Asian Championship – 2013 (Astana, a light-weighed participant is a winner. Kazakhstan). Member countries – Kazakhstan, Audaryspak teams among adults, youth Turkey, Russia, China, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, and teenagers were formed in Astana, Almaty and Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. 14 regions of Kazakhstan. Republican audaryspak Results: championships and tournaments are conducted I place – Kazakhstan, II place – Kyrgyzstan, according to the annual calendar plan approved by III place – Tajikistan. the Ministry of Culture and Sport of the Republic of I World Championship – 2017 (Astana, Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan). Member countries – Kazakhstan, In 2018 Audaryspak Championship of the Turkey, USA, Hungary, Russia, China, Mongolia, Republic of Kazakhstan among adults was held for Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. the 18th time, among youth for the 9th time and Results: teenagers for the 7th time. I place – Kazakhstan, II place – Kyrgyzstan, International audaryspak competitions: III place – Tajikistan. I Open Asian Championship – 2014 (Astana, X International tournament – 2017 Kazakhstan). Member countries – Kazakhstan, (Shymkent, Kazakhstan). Member countries – Turkey, Hungary, Russia, China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, People’s