State of World Population 2011 People and Possibilities in a World of 7 Billion

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

State of World Population 2011 People and Possibilities in a World of 7 Billion Seven Opportunities for a World of 7 Billion state of world population 2011 state of world population 2011 1 Reducing poverty and inequality can slow population growth. Unleashing the power of women and girls can accelerate progress 2 on all fronts. Energetic and open to new technologies, young people can transform 3 global politics and culture. Ensuring that every child is wanted and every childbirth safe can 4 lead to smaller and stronger families. Each of us depends on a healthy planet, so we must all help protect 5 the environment. and People possibilities in a world of 7 billion Promoting the health and productivity of the world’s older people 6 can mitigate the challenges faced by ageing societies. The next 2 billion people will live in cities, so we must 7 plan for them now. United Nations Population Fund 605 Third Avenue New York, NY 10158 USA Tel. +1-212 297-5000 www.unfpa.org ©UNFPA 2011 People and USD $24.00 ISBN 978-0-89714-990-7 sales no. E.11.III.H.1 E/11,000/2011 possibilities in a world of 7 billion www.7billionactions.org Printed on recycled paper. The State of World Population 2011 This report was produced by the Information and External Barcelona, Saturnin Epie, Ann Erb-Leoncavallo, Antti Kaartinen, Relations Division of UNFPA, the United Nations Population Bettina Maas, Purnima Mane, Niyi Ojuolape, Elena Pirondini, Fund. Sherin Saadallah and Mari Simonen of UNFPA’s Office of the Executive Director. Editorial team Other colleagues in UNFPA’s Technical Division and Programme Division—too numerous to fully list here—also provided Lead reporter: Barbara Crossette insightful comments on drafts, ensured accuracy of data and Additional reporting and writing: Richard Kollodge lent focus on direction to the issues covered in the report. UNFPA Advisory Board: Rune Froseth, Werner Haug, Aminata Toure, Sylvia Wong The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Editor: Richard Kollodge Economic and Social Affairs, the source of most of the data in Editorial associate: Robert Puchalik the report, guided the analysis and presentation of population Editorial and administrative associate: Mirey Chaljub projections. Without their support, this report would not have Distribution manager: Jayesh Gulrajani been possible. UNESCO’s Institute for Statistics, UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Bank and the Acknowledgements UNFPA/NIDI Resource Flows Project and the Statistics Division The editorial team is grateful to the report’s Advisory Board for of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social guiding the conceptualization and development of the report Affairs also provided critical data. Edilberto Loiaza of UNFPA’s and for providing invaluable feedback on drafts. Population and Development Branch guided the selection and presentation of indicators. Heads or acting chiefs of seven UNFPA field offices (and their staff) set up interviews, arranged logistics and helped Thanks to generous financial support from UNFPA’s Technical identify story ideas and guided the reporting in each location: Division, this report features all original photography of the Bernard Coquelin (China), Ziad Rifai (Egypt), Benoit Kalasa people and places mentioned in the narrative. (Ethiopia), Marc Derveeuw (India), Diego Palacios (Mexico), Patricia Guzmán (Mozambique), Agathe Lawson (Nigeria), Original photography in each location by Guo Tieliu (China); and François Farah and Tatjana Sikoska (the former Yugoslav Matthew Cassel (Egypt); Antonio Fiorente (Ethiopia); Sami Republic of Macedonia). UNFPA’s regional directors provided Sallinen (Finland); Sanjit Das and Atul Loke (India); Ricardo valuable support to the development of the report: Hafedh Ramirez Arriola (Mexico); Pedro Sa Da Bandeira (Mozambique); Chekir (Arab States), Thea Fierens (Eastern Europe and Akintunde Akinleye (Nigeria); and Antonin Kratochvil (the Central Asia), Nobuko Horibe (Asia and the Pacific), Bunmi former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). Makinwa (Africa) and Marcela Suazo (Latin America and the Caribbean). Hilkka Vuorenmaa, senior advocacy officer The editorial team also wishes to thank the individuals who told of Väestöliitto, the Family Federation of Finland, laid the their stories for this report. groundwork for reporting in that country. Cover photo: Invaluable guidance was also provided by Safiye Çagˇar, Director Geography class, Eduardo Mondlane University, of the Information and External Relations Division; Neil Ford, Maputo, Mozambique Chief of the Media and Communications Branch; and Delia ©UNFPA/Pedro Sá da Bandeira UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is an international development agency that promotes the right of every woman, man and child to enjoy a life of health and equal opportunity. UNFPA supports countries in using population data for policies and programmes to reduce poverty and to ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV, and every girl and woman is treated with dignity and respect. UNFPA—because everyone counts. state of world population 2011 People and possibilities in a world of 7 billion Foreword page ii A closer look at Decision to move: the power 1 our world of 7 billion page 1 5 and impact of migration page 65 Youth: a new global power Planning ahead 2 reshaping the world page 9 6 for the growth of cities page 77 Security, economic strength Sharing and sustaining Earth’s resources 3 and independence in old age page 29 7 page 93 What influences The way ahead: finishing the Cairo agenda 4 fertility? page 43 8 page 101 Indicators page 110 Selected sources page 124 ©UNFPA Antonio Fiorente Foreword Seven billion people will inhabit the earth on 31 October. During my lifetime, I have seen world population nearly triple. And 13 years from now, I will see another billion added to our numbers. In my grandchildren’s lifetimes, there could be as many as 10 billion people in our world. How did we become so many? How large a communities to make the most of our world number can our Earth sustain? of 7 billion. These are important questions, but per- Some of the trends are remarkable: Today, haps not the right ones for our times. When there are 893 million people over the age of we look only at the big number, we risk being 60 worldwide. By the middle of this century overwhelmed and losing sight of new opportu- that number will rise to 2.4 billion. About one nities to make life better for everyone in in two people lives in a city, and in only about the future. 35 years, two out of three will. People under So instead of asking questions like, “Are the age of 25 already make up 43 per cent of we too many?” we should instead be asking, the world’s population, reaching as much as “What can I do to make our world better?” 60 per cent in some countries. or, “What can we do to transform our grow- This report provides a snapshot of how ing cities into forces for sustainability?” We China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, India, should also ask ourselves what each of us Mexico, Mozambique, Nigeria, and the former can do to empower the elderly so they can Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are facing play a more active role in their communities. diverse demographic challenges, ranging from What can we do to unleash the creativity and ageing populations to high fertility rates, and potential of the largest youth cohort human- from urbanization to the emergence of new ity has ever seen? And what can we do to generations of young people. Some of these remove barriers to equality between women countries are coping with high fertility rates and men so that everyone has the full power and others are facing rates so low that govern- to make their own decisions and realize their ments are already looking for ways to increase full potential? population size. Some countries with labour The State of World Population 2011 shortages are looking to migrants to fill jobs, looks at the trends—the dynamics—that are while others are relying on the remittances sent defining our world of 7 billion and shows back home by citizens working overseas to buoy what people in vastly different countries their economies. And while some countries are and circumstances are doing in their own attracting more people to emerging mega-cities ii FOREWORD t UNFPA Executive Director Babatunde Osotimehin. ©Brad Hamilton where jobs are plentiful and the cost of living is Our record population size can be viewed high, others are seeing waves of migration from in many ways as a success for humanity: city centres to peri-urban areas where the cost People are living longer, healthier lives. But of living may be lower but basic services and not everyone has benefited from this achieve- jobs may be in short supply. ment or the higher quality of life that this This report makes the case that with plan- implies. Great disparities exist between and ning and the right investments in people within countries. Disparities in rights and now—to empower them to make choices that opportunities also exist between men and are not only good for themselves but for our women, girls and boys. Charting a path now global commons—our world of 7 billion can to development that promotes equality, rather have thriving, sustainable cities, productive than exacerbates or reinforces inequalities, is labour forces that can fuel economic growth, more important than ever. youth populations that contribute to the We all have a stake in the future of well-being of economies and societies, and humanity. Every individual, every government, a generation of older people who are healthy every business, is more interconnected and and actively engaged in the social and interdependent than ever, so what each of us economic affairs of their communities.
Recommended publications
  • Population Reach Out
    POPULATION REACH OUT YEAR 6 name: class: Knowledge Organiser • Population • Year 6 Vocabulary Population Challenges Birth rate The number births per 1000 people per Rapidly 1. Hard for authorities to plan when year. growing populations grow quickly Death rate The number of deaths per 1000 people population 2. Increased pressure on resources, per year. land and services (such as health and Infant The number of babies that die before education) mortality rate their first birthday, per 1000 live births 3. Increased pollution per year. Ageing 1. Increased pressure on health services Natural When there are more births than population 2. Fewer people in the population increase deaths, so the population grows. working and paying taxes Natural When there are more deaths and 3. Increased poverty amongst older decrease births, so the population shrinks. people. Life The average age that a person is Feeding the 1. in 8 people still go hungry every day expectancy expected to live to. population 2. Food is not evenly distributed. Inequality A lack of fairness or equality. 3. A lot of food is wasted. Population The people who live in a particular place. Migration The movement of people (or animals) from one place to another. Population The number of people living in one density square kilometre. Population How people are spread out. distribution Rural area An area of countryside or a village. Urban area An area of town or city. Sparsely Very few people live in the area. populated For example: rural areas such as the Scottish Highlands. Densely Many people live in the area.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Human Population Demographic Data
    Tested Studies for Laboratory Teaching Proceedings of the Association for Biology Laboratory Education Vol. 32, 406–421, 2011 Behind the Numbers: An Exploration of Human Population Demographic Data Teresa C. Weglarz Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Fox Valley, 1478 Midway Rd, Menasha WI 54952 USA ([email protected]) Increasingly global population size has been a cause for alarm among scientists. Currently, global population size is 6.9 billion and estimates for 2050 range from 8-12 billion. It is estimated that the majority of population growth in the next 50 years will be in developing countries. This computer-based lab activity explores some of the social, economic, and political factors that influence population growth. Understanding the role of these factors in popula- tion growth is critical to the study of population demography. Population demographic data provides a glimpse into the population characteristics that are associated with rapid growth. The International Data Base provides popula- tion pyramids and demography data, on infant mortality rates, fertility rates, and life expectancy of populations in over 200 countries. This population demographic data provides a glimpse into the population characteristics that are associated with population growth and may provide clues on how to address population growth. Keywords: Population growth, demography, population pyramids Introduction Introduction Human demography is the study of population charac- tion data contains estimates and projections for more than teristics. The purpose of this computer investigation is to 200 countries, which includes population size, fertility, analyze the demographic relationships between different mortality and migration rates. The entire investigation can countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Population Lecture
    Human Population C H A P T E R 9 How do population pyramids help us learn about population? Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country. Male Female There is In this also a high country Death there is a Rate. high Birth Rate Population in millions This population pyramid is typical of countries in poorer parts of the world (LEDCs.) In some LEDCs the government is encouraging couples to have smaller families. This means the birth rate has fallen. Male Female The largest category of In this people were country the born about number of 40 years people in each ago. age group is about the same. Population in millions In this country there is a low Birth Rate and a low Death Rate. This population pyramid is typical of countries in the richer parts of the world (MEDCs.) Male Female Population in millions In this In the future the country the elderly people will make birth rate is This is happening up the largest section decreasing. more and more in of the population in this many of the world’s country. richer countries. Male Female Population in thousands This country has a large number of temporary workers. These are people who migrate here especially to find a job. Population pyramid for Mozambique. Population pyramid for Iceland. What happens next? What is going to happen to Japan’s population in the future? Why does this matter? ? ? ? Your task: •Your assignment is called “World Population Project” and can be found on the “APES Assignments” page.
    [Show full text]
  • People and the Planet: Lessons for a Sustainable Future. INSTITUTION Zero Population Growth, Inc., Washington, D.C
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 409 188 SE 060 352 AUTHOR Wasserman, Pamela, Ed. TITLE People and the Planet: Lessons for a Sustainable Future. INSTITUTION Zero Population Growth, Inc., Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISBN-0-945219-12-1 PUB DATE 96 NOTE 210p. AVAILABLE FROM Zero Population Growth, Inc., 1400 16th Street N.W., Suite 320, Washington, DC 20036, e-mail: [email protected] PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Conservation (Environment); Elementary Secondary Education; *Environmental Education; Natural Resources; Pollution; Population Trends; Sustainable Development; Teaching Guides IDENTIFIERS *Environmental Action; Environmental Awareness ABSTRACT This activity guide is designed to develop students' understanding of the interdependence of people and the environment as well as the interdependence connecting members of the global family. It is both an environmental education curriculum and a global studies resource suitable for middle school science, social studies, math, language arts, and family life education classrooms. The readings and activities contained in this book are designed to broaden students' knowledge of trends and connections among population change, natural resource use, global economics, gender equity, and community health. This knowledge combined with the critical thinking skills developed in each activity will help students explore their roles as global citizens and environmental stewards. The book is divided into four parts: (1) Understanding Population Dynamics;(2) People, Resources, and the Environment; (3) Issues for the Global Family; and (4) You and Your Community. Also included is a list of activities grouped by themes including air/water pollution and climate change, carrying capacity, environmental and social ethics, family size decisions, future studies, land use issues, natural resource use, population dynamics and trends, resource distribution/inequities, solid waste management, and sustainability.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Analysis of Age and Sex Structure
    Regional workshop on the Production of Population Estimates and Demographic Indicators Addis Ababa, 5-9 October Evaluation and Analysis of Age and Sex Structure François Pelletier & Thomas Spoorenberg Population Estimates and Projections Section Evaluation method of age and sex distribution data ° Basic graphical tools o Graphical analysis • Population pyramids • Graphical cohort analysis o Age and sex ratios o Summary indices of error in age-sex data • Whipple ’s index • Myers ’ Blended Method Regional Workshop on the Production of Population Estimates and Demographic Indicators Addis Ababa, 5-9 October 2015 Importance of age-sex structure ° Planning purposes – health services, education programs, transportation, labour supply ° Social science, economist, gender studies ° Studying population dynamics – fertility, mortality, migration ° Insight on quality of census enumeration ° Having strong effect on other characteristics of a population o Determined by fertility, mortality and migration, and follows fairly recognizable patterns Regional Workshop on the Production of Population Estimates and Demographic Indicators Addis Ababa, 5-9 October 2015 What to look for at the evaluation ° Possible data errors in the age-sex structure, including o Age misreporting (age heaping and/or age exaggeration) o Coverage errors – net underenumeration (by age or sex) ° Significant discrepancies in age-sex structure due to extraordinary events o High migration, war, famine, HIV/AIDS epidemic etc. Regional Workshop on the Production of Population Estimates
    [Show full text]
  • Global Population Trends: the Prospects for Stabilization
    Global Population Trends The Prospects for Stabilization by Warren C. Robinson Fertility is declining worldwide. It now seems likely that global population will stabilize within the next century. But this outcome will depend on the choices couples make throughout the world, since humans now control their demo- graphic destiny. or the last several decades, world population growth Trends in Growth Fhas been a lively topic on the public agenda. For The United Nations Population Division makes vary- most of the seventies and eighties, a frankly neo- ing assumptions about mortality and fertility to arrive Malthusian “population bomb” view was in ascendan- at “high,” “medium,” and “low” estimates of future cy, predicting massive, unchecked increases in world world population figures. The U.N. “medium” variant population leading to economic and ecological catas- assumes mortality falling globally to life expectancies trophe. In recent years, a pronatalist “birth dearth” of 82.5 years for males and 87.5 for females between lobby has emerged, with predictions of sharp declines the years 2045–2050. in world population leading to totally different but This estimate assumes that modest mortality equally grave economic and social consequences. To declines will continue in the next few decades. By this divergence of opinion has recently been added an implication, food, water, and breathable air will not be emotionally charged debate on international migration. scarce and we will hold our own against new health The volatile mix has exploded into a torrent of threats. It further assumes that policymakers will books, scholarly articles, news stories, and op-ed continue to support medical, scientific, and technolog- pieces, presenting at least superficially plausible data ical advances, and that such policies will continue to and convincing arguments on all sides of every ques- have about the same effect on mortality as they have tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert W. Kates Subject: Population and Consumption
    MEMORANDUM TO THE PRESIDENT From: Robert W. Kates Subject: Population and Consumption PROBLEM International efforts to address global environmental problems are often characterized by debates as to the proximate causes of environmental degrada- tion that emphasize either growing population numbers of the poor or the con- spicuous consumption of the affluent. As with many such classic disputes, both concerns are valid, and efforts to maintain the essential life support systems of the environment will need to address both. BACKGROUND A recent report from the National Research Council captures this recurrent debate: For over two decades, the same frustrating exchange has been repeated countless times in international policy circles. A government official or scientist from a wealthy country would make the following argument: The world is threatened with environmental disaster because of the deple- tion of natural resources (or climate change or the loss of biodiversity), and it cannot continue for long to support its rapidly growing population. To preserve the environment for future generations, we need to move quickly to control global population growth, and we must concentrate the effort on the world’s poorer countries, where the vast majority of population growth is occurring. 136 U.S. POLICY AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Government officials and scientists from low-income countries would typically respond: If the world is facing environmental disaster, it is not the fault of the poor, who use few resources. The fault must lie with the world’s wealthy coun- tries, where people consume the great bulk of the world’s natural resources and energy and cause the great bulk of its environmental degradation.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Dynamics ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Audience – Biology and Environmental Science Students Time Required – 12 Minutes
    Population dynamics ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Audience – Biology and environmental science students Time required – 12 minutes Activity Compare country-age structures to long-term population growth. Science Standards APES: III. B. Population biology concepts. APES II.B.1. Human population dynamics—historical population sizes; distribution; fertility rates; growth rates and doubling times; demographic transition; age-structure diagrams. Learning Outcomes • Students will predict total historical population trends from age-structure information. • Students will relate population growth to k (carrying capacity) or r (reproductive factor) selective environmental conditions. Map URL: http://esriurl.com/enviroGeoInquiry2 Engage What is growth rate? ʅ Click the map URL link above to open the map. ʅ Use the search box in the upper-right corner to find the countries listed below. ʅ Click each country for growth rates. Hover over graphs to determine a doubling time. – New Zealand [1% growth rate - approximately 75 years to double] – Costa Rica [2% growth rate - approximately 37 years, but it ranges] – Mozambique [3% growth rate - approximately 25 years to double] – Qatar [15% growth rate - approximately 5 years, depending on when measured] ? What is the product of a country’s growth rate and doubling time? [The product should be close to 75.] ? How is the doubling time determined from the growth rate? [75 / Growth Rate = Doubling Time] Explore What can a population pyramid tell you about a country’s growth? ʅ Click on the dark blue countries
    [Show full text]
  • POPULATION PYRAMIDS LESSON Objectives Intro to Population
    Name: ____________________________________ Period: ______ POPULATION PYRAMIDS LESSON Objectives 7A Construct and analyze population pyramids and use other data, graphics, and maps to describe the population characteristics of different societies and to predict future population trends. Intro to Population Pyramids Demography is the study of human populations and how they change over time. Demographers look at birth rates and death rates and human migration. These measures help them track population trends, or the general direction in which population numbers are moving. The diagrams above are called population pyramids. They show the makeup of a country’s population by sex and age groups. Geographers use such diagrams to study population trends in a country. The shape of a population pyramid shows how a country’s population is growing. A pyramid that is wide at the bottom shows rapid population growth. More babies are being born each year than the number of people who die. A pyramid with straight sides shows slow population growth, with births and deaths nearly equal in that country. A pyramid that is narrow at the bottom shows negative population growth. More people are dying each year than are being born. TedED Video—Population Pyramid: Powerful Predictions for the Future What is the age range for the pre-reproductive stage? _______________ What is the age range for the reproductive stage? _______________ What is the age range for the post-reproductive stage? _______________ Why is the bottom of the pyramid (pre-reproductive stage) the most important to look at in order to determine the population trend in a country? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Levels of Development In this class we will study how the development of a country affects its population.
    [Show full text]
  • Pyramid Population Prediction Using Age Structure Model
    CAUCHY –Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi Volume 6(2) (2020), Pages 66-76 p-ISSN: 2086-0382; e-ISSN: 2477-3344 Pyramid Population Prediction using Age Structure Model Heni Widayani1, Nuning Nuraini2, Anita Triska3 1,2,3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Population composition in a country by sex and age-structure often illustrated through the Population Pyramid. In this study, an age-structure model will be constructed to predict the population pyramid shape in the coming year. It is assumed that changes in population are affected by natality and mortality number in each age group, ignoring migration rates. The proposed age structure model formulated as a first-order partial differential equation with the non-negative initial condition. The boundary condition is given by the number of births which is proportional to the number of women at childbearing age. Then, this age structure model implemented utilizing United Nations Data to predict population pyramids of Indonesia, Brazil, Japan, the USA, and Russia. The population pyramid prediction of the five countries shows different characteristics, according to whether it is a developing or developed country. The results of this study indicate that the age structure model can be used to predict the composition of the population in a country in the next few years. Indonesia is predicted to be the highest populated country in 2066, compared to the other four countries. This result can be used as a reference for the government to plan policies and strategies according to age groups to control population explosion in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 11 Population Dynamics
    APES Chapter 4 Human Population Factors in human population size A. Population Growth =(Births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration) B. When factors are stable ZPG = Zero population Growth C. Use Crude birth and death rate - # per 1000 people D. Rate of change % = birth rate – death rate x 100 1,000 people E. World has slowed population rate but still growing very fast F. Fertility rates 1. Replacement level fertility – couple has 2.1 children 2. Total Fertility rate – TFR – estimate of number of children a woman would have under current age specific birth rates a. better measure b. different in different parts of the world - developed 1.6 - developing 3.4 in developing G. Fertility rates in US – more of a problem because of Americans high resource use. 1. drop in TFR but population still growing – Why? - Large number of baby boomers still in childbearing years - Increase in number of teen mothers US has highest rate of any industrialized countries UN studies say US teens not more sexually active just less likely to know how to prevent pregnancies or less willing to use them. 77% of all teen mothers go on welfare within 5 years - Higher fertility rates non Caucasian mothers - High levels of legal and illegal immigrants – accounts for more than 40% of growth H. Factors that affect Birth and fertility rates 1. level of education and affluence 2. Importance of children in the work force 3. Urbanization 4. Cost of raising and educating children 5. Educational and Employment opportunities for women 6. Infant mortality rates 7. Average age of marriage 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The Environmentalists' Retreat from Advocating Stabilization
    ROY BECK AND LEON KOLANKIEWICZ The Environmental Movement’s Retreat from Advocating U.S. Population Stabilization (1970–1998): A First Draft of History The years surrounding 1970 marked the coming of age of the modern environmental movement. As that movement enters its fourth decade, perhaps the most striking change is the virtual abandonment by national environmental groups of U.S. population stabilization as an actively pursued goal. How did the American environmental movement change so radically? Answering that question will be a challenging assignment for historians. The authors are not historians. We have spent most of our lives as a journalist and an environmental scientist, respectively. But to the historians who eventually take up the task, we have many suggestions of where to look. To begin to understand why that retreat has occurred and the significance of the retreat, it will be important to review the 1970-era movement and its population roots. Population Issues and the 1970-Era Environmental Movement Around 1970, U.S. population and environmental issues were widely and publicly linked. In environmental “teach-ins” across America, college students of the time heard repetitious proclamations on the necessity of stopping U.S. population growth in order to reach environmental goals; and the most public of reasons for engaging population issues was to save the environment. The nation’s best-known population group, Zero Population Growth (ZPG)—founded by biologists concerned about the catastrophic impacts of ever more human beings on the biosphere—was outspokenly also an environmental group. And many of the nation’s largest environmental groups had or were considering “population control” as major planks of their environmental prescriptions for America.
    [Show full text]