2015 Updating and Screening Assessment for Bristol City Council

Bristol City Council

In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

July 2015

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Local Authority Andrew Edwards, Steve Crawshaw Officer

Sustainable City and Climate Change Department Service CREATE Centre Smeaton Road Address Bristol BS1 6XN Telephone 01179 224331 e-mail [email protected]

Report Reference BCC_AQ_USA_2015_1.0 number Date July 2015

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Executive Summary

This Updating and Screening Assessment summarises the results of Bristol City Council’s air quality monitoring data for 2014. It also considers whether any significant developments have been given planning permission, or have been built, which could have a significant impact upon air quality. A range of pollutants is monitored within the city including NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3.

In 2014, all monitored pollutants complied with the air quality strategy objectives with the exception of NO2. In 2014, all recorded exceedences, at locations where there is relevant exposure, occurred within the existing Air Quality Management Area (AQMA).

The existing AQMA has been declared on the basis of exceedences of the annual

NO2 objective and for PM10, as a precautionary measure, as monitoring of PM10 within the city does not take place at ‘worst case’ locations. The annual average NO2 objective was exceeded at two diffusion tube monitoring locations outside of the AQMA. When they were adjusted to reflect the distance to the closest relevant 3 receptor, NO2 concentrations were predicted to be below the annual 40 µg/m objective at both of these locations. This shows a slight improvement over the 2013 data where exceedences were recorded at two locations outside of the AQMA where relevant exposure occurred. The exceedences outside of the AQMA that were recorded in 2013, at Blackboy Hill and Whiteladies Road, were in a location for which Bristol City Council were in the process of extending the Central AQMA to include, as a result of the findings from the 2011 Detailed Assessment. NO2 concentrations recorded in 2011 and 2012 showed compliance with the annual objective at these locations and as a result the AQMA declaration was deferred. The return to compliance in 2014 confirms the marginal nature of exceedence in this location. Due to the inconsistent nature of exceedence in these locations, in consultation with the LAQM helpdesk, it has been decided that monitoring continues in these locations whilst any declaration of an AQMA continues to be deferred.

In previous Local Air Quality Management reports submitted to Defra, there was an indication that a re-declaration of the AQMA, which covered a small area of

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Avonmouth Road where it is crossed by the M5 motorway, might be required.

However, all measured annual NO2 concentrations, in this location in 2013 and 2014, met the objective for this pollutant. Two additional monitoring locations were added to the diffusion tube network in this location in January 2014 in an attempt to determine the dominant source of NO2 in this area.

The network of roadside diffusion tubes used to represent the LTP air quality indicator show a slight downward trend in NO2 concentrations in 2014. Whilst this is positive it should be considered with caution as annual variability in meteorological conditions can have a significant impact on annual average pollutant concentrations.

A Detailed Assessment is not required for any pollutants. The next stage in the Review and Assessment process is to complete the 2016 Progress Report.

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Table of contents

1 Introduction ...... 8 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area ...... 8 1.2 Purpose of Report ...... 10 1.3 Air Quality Objectives ...... 11 1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments ...... 12 2 New Monitoring Data ...... 15 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 15 2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 15 2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 18 2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives ...... 29 2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide ...... 29

2.2.2 PM10 ...... 59 2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide...... 62 2.2.4 Other pollutants monitored ...... 63 2.2.5 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives ...... 65 3 Road Traffic Sources ...... 66 3.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb ...... 66 3.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic ...... 66 3.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs...... 66 3.4 Junctions ...... 67 3.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment ...... 67 3.5.1 South Bristol Link Road ...... 67 3.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows ...... 68 3.7 Bus and Coach Stations ...... 68 4 Other Transport Sources ...... 69 4.1 Airports ...... 69 4.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains) ...... 69 4.2.1 Stationary Trains ...... 69 4.2.2 Moving Trains ...... 69 4.3 Ports (Shipping) ...... 70 5 Industrial Sources ...... 71 5.1 Industrial Installations ...... 71 5.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been Carried Out ...... 71 5.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions have Increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has been Introduced ...... 72

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5.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment ...... 72 5.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots ...... 73 5.3 Petrol Stations...... 73 5.4 Poultry Farms...... 73 6 Commercial and Domestic Sources ...... 74 6.1 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations ...... 74 6.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts ...... 74 6.3 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning ...... 77 7 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources ...... 78 8 Conclusions and Proposed Actions ...... 79 8.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data ...... 79 8.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources ...... 80 8.3 Proposed Actions ...... 80 9 References ...... 81

List of Tables Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England 11 Table 1.2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessment Reports 12 Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites 17 Table 2.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 22 Table 2.3 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective 31 Table 2.4 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective 35 Table 2.5 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2014 37 Table 2.6 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (2010 to 2014) 45 Table 2.7 Tubes Outside AQMA Exceeding the Annual Air Quality Objective for NO2 Since 2010 51 Table 2.8 Diffusion Tube Results for Avonmouth Road 2010-2014 57 Table 2.9 Results of Automatic Monitoring of PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective 61 Table 2.10 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour mean Objective 61 Table 2.11 Summary of Data from St Pauls Ozone Monitoring 2014 63

List of Figures Figure 2.1 Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites 16 Figure 2.2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 20 Figure 2.3 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Avonmouth & Wider Area) 21 Figure 2.4 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites 32 Figure 2.5 Summary Plot of Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (Fishponds, Newfoundland Way and Brislington) 33 Figure 2.6 Summary Plot of Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (St Pauls, Wells Road, Parsons Street and Rupert Street) 34 Figure 2.7 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites 50 Figure 2.8 2014 Summary Data from NO2 Distance Calculator for Tube 311 53 Figure 2.9 2014 Summary Data from NO2 Distance Calculator for Tube 314 54 Figure 2.10 Location of Diffusion Tube Sites on Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill 55 Figure 2.11 Avonmouth Road Diffusion Tube Map 2014 58 Figure 2.12 St Pauls AURN PM10 Time Plot 2014 60

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Figure 2.13 Summary Plot of 8 Hour Running Mean Ozone at AURN St Pauls - 2014 64 Figure 6.1 Map of Individual Solid Fuel Installations and PM10 Emissions Per 500m Grid Square 76

Appendices Appendix 1 QA/QC Data Appendix 2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Data

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1 Introduction 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

The following description of Bristol is abridged from the “Bristol: the story of place” document with additional data taken from “Bristol: State of the City 2013” and “Bristol Residential Development Survey 2014”. Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, 105 miles (169 km) west of London, and 44 miles (71 km) east of Cardiff. With an estimated population of 432,500 for the unitary authority at present, and a surrounding urban area with an estimated 617,000 residents, it is England's sixth, and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of England's core cities and the most populous city in South West England. Following a period of population decline in the post war years, the population stabilised in the 1990s and, if recent population trends continue, the total population of Bristol is projected to reach half a million people by 2029. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the southeast and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the estuary of the River Severn where it flows into the Bristol Channel.

Bristol is the largest centre of culture, employment and education in the region. Its prosperity has been linked with the sea since its earliest days. The commercial Port of Bristol was originally in the city centre before being moved to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth; Royal Portbury Dock is on the western edge of the city boundary. In more recent years the economy has depended on the aerospace industry, and the city centre docks have been regenerated as a centre of heritage and culture. The city of Bristol is an old historic city and port almost 1000 years old. The city is located in a bowl bisected by the River Avon. Due to the restricted number of bridges over the Avon, the road network is radial in nature with most through routes passing through the mediaeval city centre. Large numbers of commuters and shoppers enter and leave the city each day adding considerably to its daytime population. The city centre has recently undergone regeneration. A major new shopping centre, Cabot Circus opened in September 2008 and the harbourside area has also seen a major building program. The Bristol City Council local housing target, as set out in policy BCS5 in the Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy, adopted in June 2011, is for a

LAQM USA 2015 8 Bristol City Council minimum 26,400 dwellings to be delivered in Bristol between 2006 and 2026. Since 2006, 14,893 dwellings (net) have been completed.

A survey of Bristol's Citizens' Panel in June 2014, rated issues within Bristol according to level of dissatisfaction and level of importance placed on the issue. In the 2014 both traffic congestion and pollution were considered important by respondents but satisfaction for both was low and the perception was that the level of satisfaction with both these issue was less than in 2013.

The statistics bear out these strong feelings. Overall, the volume of traffic on roads in the Bristol area grew by 21% between 1994 and 2004, higher than the 18% growth for Great Britain as a whole during the same period. There are 500,000 car movements every day in and out of the city centre alone. Peak hour traffic speeds in Bristol are already down to 15 mph making it one of the most congested ‘core’ cities outside London. It has been estimated that by 2016 traffic congestions could cost the local economy £600 million per annum. According to the 2011 Census, 71.1% of Bristol households have access to a car, with some 26% having access to 2 or more cars. Between 2001 and 2011 the number of cars owned in Bristol increased by 25,196. The 2011 Census highlights that in the Bristol area, 55% of all journeys to work are made by car, with 27% made by bicycle or on foot and 12% by public transport. Bristol's transport problems are partly down to the considerable success of its economy. However, the problems clearly pose a threat to our continuing prosperity as well as to the city's quality of life. Transport issues cut across the city's boundaries and the considerable effort and investment to address them is done in close collaboration with neighbouring authorities.

The strategy and plans on transport are contained in the Joint Local Transport Plan (JLTP) currently JLTP (3), shared with the neighbouring authorities of Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire. The JLTP (3) covers the period 2011 – 2026 and has a delivery plan that covers a three year period from 2012/13 to 2014/15. Some actions within the Delivery Plan for this period that will improve air quality include:  A series of pedestrian and cycle routes along the A38 corridor between Bristol city centre and the North Fringe including an enhanced Lockleaze- Cribbs

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Causeway link, gateway treatment at Stokes Croft/ St James Barton and improvements along Gloucester Road and between Mina Road and Cheltenham Road;  The Festival Way cycle route into Bristol from the South West; and  Plan to implement 20 mph speed limit throughout Bristol by the end of 2014.

In December 2011 funding was secured for three new Metro Bus projects for Bristol. The three projects are the North Fringe to Hengrove Link, South Bristol Link and the Ashton Vale to Temple Meads Link. The projects aim to provide a rapid and reliable public transport service which will be combined with pedestrian and cycle facilities. Planning permission has been granted for all three of these Metro Bus projects and construction is about to begin. Beyond 2014/15 there are plans for a Bristol Metro Train network to provide half hourly cross city train services. Phase 1 plans include the re-opening of the Portishead line and half hourly services to Severn Beach. Phase 2 includes the re-opening of the Henbury line and stations at Horfield and Ashley Down.

Since 2001 a Quality of life Survey has been conducted which gathers a snapshot of quality of life in Bristol. Each year approximately 5,000 people respond. One of the indicators looked at in the survey was the percentage of respondents who were satisfied with the bus service. In 2005 48% of respondents said that they were satisfied with the bus service on offer within the city, however, this had increased to 60% in the 2012 survey. This indicates that the changes made by Bristol City Council in conjunction with First Bus have improved the satisfaction with the bus service on offer. The survey also revealed an increase from 10% to 13% for people who use the bus to travel to work during this same period.

1.2 Purpose of Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are

LAQM USA 2015 10 Bristol City Council considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

The objective of this Updating and Screening Assessment is to identify any matters that have changed which may lead to risk of an air quality objective being exceeded. A checklist approach and screening tools are used to identify significant new sources or changes and whether there is a need for a Detailed Assessment. The USA report should provide an update of any outstanding information requested previously in Review and Assessment reports.

1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre g/m3 (milligrammes per cubic metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are permitted (where applicable).

Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England Air Quality Objective Date to be Pollutant Concentration Measured as achieved by Running annual 16.25 µg/m3 31.12.2003 mean Benzene Running annual 5.00 µg/m3 31.12.2010 mean Running annual 1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 31.12.2003 mean Running 8-hour Carbon monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 31.12.2003 mean 0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Lead 0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 1-hour mean 31.12.2005 Nitrogen dioxide 18 times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

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Air Quality Objective Date to be Pollutant Concentration Measured as achieved by 50 µg/m3, not to be 31.12.2004 Particles (PM10) exceeded more than 24-hour mean (gravimetric) 35 times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 1-hour mean 31.12.2004 24 times a year 125 µg/m3, not to be Sulphur dioxide exceeded more than 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 15-minute mean 31.12.2005 35 times a year

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Previous Review and Assessment Reports are summarised below in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessment Reports Year Type Summary 2014 Progress This report confirms that all monitored pollutants were compliant with Report the exception of NO2. It highlights exceedence at two locations outside of the AQMA where relevant exposure occurred. Due to the intermittent and marginal nature of exceedence in these locations, a strategy of continued monitoring has been agreed with the LAQM Helpdesk in these locations. If 3 consecutive years of exceedence are recorded in these locations, the decision to defer declaration of an extended AQMA will need to be reconsidered. Compliance is recorded at all Avonmouth Road monitoring locations. 2013 Progress Confirmed previous findings that all monitored pollutants were Report compliant with the air quality strategy objectives with the exception of NO2. All recorded exceedences, where there is relevant exposure, occurred within the current AQMA boundary. NO2 concentrations recorded along Whiteladies Road and Avonmouth Road in 2012 indicated that objectives were being met in these locations where relevant exposure occurred. It was concluded that the diffusion tube monitoring network would be extended in 2014 in the Avonmouth Road area in order to gain a better understanding of the dominant pollution source in this area. 2012 Updating and Concluded that in 2011 all monitored pollutants were compliant with Screening the air quality strategy objectives with the exception of NO2. All recorded exceedences, at locations where there is relevant exposure, occurred within the existing AQMA. Bristol City Council was in the process of extending the Central AQMA to include Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill and had started to re-declare the AQMA at Avonmouth Road. In light of the lower NO2 concentrations in 2011 it was decided to delay this declaration process. 2011 Detailed Confirmed the need to go to consultation stage to extend the Central

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Year Type Summary AQMA along Whiteladies Road and to declare a small AQMA at Avonmouth Road. Concluded that the air quality strategy objective for NO2 is being met at the railway between Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway stations. 2011 Progress Identified a need for detailed assessment at Whiteladies Road and Report confirmed the need for detailed assessment at Avonmouth Road. 2010 Detailed Confirmed exceedence of NO2 annual mean objective on three roads in South Bristol and a section of the A4 Bath Road. Assessment of impacts from rail sources and near the M5 was deferred until 2011 pending completion of monitoring campaign. 2010 Progress Identified the need for a detailed assessment for properties on Report Avonmouth Road where it is crossed by the M5. 2009 Updating and Predicted exceedences on three roads and an associated junction in Screening South Bristol for NO2 and PM10. Identified the need to assess trains running between Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway for NO2. Identified the need to assess four biomass plants in detail. 2008 Progress Concludes that meeting the air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide Report in Bristol is not likely by 2010. Widespread exceedences of nitrogen dioxide are present within the AQMA at roadside locations where there is residential exposure. Revocation of 2003 AQMA for Avonmouth and extension of central AQMA to Fishponds Road. 2007 Detailed Concludes that sulphur dioxide and benzene are below government objectives, but that nitrogen dioxide remains a concern. Widespread exceedences of nitrogen dioxide are present within the AQMA at roadside locations where there is residential exposure. Recommendations are made for amending Bristol's AQMA and progress is reported on the AQAP. 2006 Updating and This report reviews the air quality in Bristol for the NAQS pollutants. Screening It also reports on progress with the Air Quality Action Plan and identified the pollutants that will be assessed in the forthcoming detailed assessment. 2005 Progress This document describes the progress Bristol City Council has made Report towards achieving the objectives set out in the National Air Quality Strategy and contains air quality monitoring information from 2004. It also addresses outstanding issues from previous reviews of air quality in the city.

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Figure 1.1 Map of Bristol’s AQMA Boundary

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2 New Monitoring Data 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

The network of automatic sites operating through 2014 was the same as that which was operating through 2013 and includes 6 BCC operated NO2 sites, one AURN Urban Background site and one meteorological monitoring station.

Descriptions and photographs of sites have not been included in this report but are available in previous reports and online at Bristol's air quality web site. The focus of monitoring continues to be roadside NOX, particularly on the major routes into the city and in the city centre. The QA\QC regime remains the same as reported in the 2014 Progress Report. However, it should be noted that disruption to the QA/QC regime occurred in the latter half of 2014. This was as a result of our service contract provider going into liquidation in November 2014. This is discussed in more detail later in this report. The QA/QC regime is documented in the appendices. A map showing the locations of automatic monitors and the pollutants measured is shown in

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Figure 2.1 and summary data for the monitoring sites is given in Table 2.1.

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Figure 2.1 Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites

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Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Relevant Exposure? Distance to (Y/N with kerb of distance nearest (m) to road Does this location X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants Monitoring relevant (N/A if not represent worst- Site Name Site Type Ref Ref Monitored In AQMA? Technique exposure) applicable) case exposure? Chemilumi- Brislington Urban 361178 171566 NO Yes N (22m) 18 N Depot Background 2 nescence Chemilumi- Urban Y (for Rupert Street 358667 173108 NO Yes traffic island Y Centre 2 nescence hourly) Chemilumi- Parson Street Roadside 358042 170582 NO Yes Y 4 N School 2 nescence Chemilumi- Wells Road Kerbside 360903 170024 NO Yes N (8) 1 N 2 nescence Newfoundland Chemilumi- Road Police Roadside 359645 173683 NO Yes N (100) 8 N 2 nescence Station AURN AURN St. Urban NO , O , 359488 173924 2 3 Yes Reference N (10) 110 N Pauls Background PM10, PM2.5 Methods Chemilumi- Fishponds Roadside 362926 175590 NO Yes N (7) 3 N Road 2 nescence

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2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Bristol has an extensive network of diffusion tubes, organised into a number of surveys. The “roadside” diffusion tube survey has a long history and is used to show trends in roadside concentrations of NO2. The surveys have been rationalised over the years, with additions to reflect updated guidance and new assessment. Tubes have been removed where historic monitoring has shown that concentrations have consistently been below relevant objectives or the location does not represent residential exposure.

Since 2012 tube changeovers have been carried out by BCC Environment officers and tube analysis carried out by Somerset Scientific Services Laboratory. Exposure periods for all diffusion tube sites correspond to the timetable used in the Air Quality Archive monitoring calendar for 2014.

In order to gain a better understanding of the cause of exceedences on Avonmouth Road, which is discussed in more detail in Section 2.2 of this report, an additional 5 diffusion tube locations were added at the beginning of 2012. An additional 2 locations were added at the start of 2014 in order to gather additional information in order to understand the extent to which the M5 is influencing NO2 concentrations at properties along Avonmouth Road.

Redevelopment at the Portway Park and Ride Site (tube 321) resulted in the loss of the diffusion tube mounting location. Consideration of the previous 4 years monitoring data from this location, which showed a maximum annual concentration of 28.9µg/m3, provided justification to cease monitoring.

Relevant details of QA\QC procedures, WASP assessments, bias adjustment and analysis procedures are contained in the appendices.

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Figure 2.2 and show the locations of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes and the concentration categories into which they fall. The AQMA boundary encompasses all but two of the locations where diffusion tubes identify exceedence of the annual mean. The sites at which exceedence occurs outside the AQMA are discussed in following sections. Table 2.2 shows the relevant details for all NO2 diffusion tubes operating in Bristol in 2014.

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Figure 2.2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

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Figure 2.3 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Avonmouth & Wider Area)

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Table 2.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Is monitoring Relevant collocated Exposure? Distance to Does this with a (Y/N with kerb of location Continuous distance (m) nearest represent Site X OS Y OS Pollutants In Analyser (Y/N) to relevant road worst-case ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? exposure) (m) exposure? 2 Colston Avenue Roadside 358628 173011 NO2 Y N N (49) 1 Y 3 Blackboy Hill Roadside 357448 174650 NO2 N N Y (0) 3 N 4 Three Lamps Roadside 359903 171850 NO2 Y N N (47) 3 Y 5 Bedminster Parade Roadside 358723 171704 NO2 Y N Y (1) 1 Y 6 Church Road Roadside 361237 173422 NO2 Y N Y (0) 3 Y 7 St. Andrew's Rd Roadside 351706 178250 NO2 N N N (6) 3 N Urban 8 Higham Street 359836 171903 NO2 Y N Y (9) 40 Y Background 9 B.R.I. Roadside 358729 173499 NO2 Y N N (10) 1 Y 10 Bath Road Roadside 361217 171429 NO2 Y N N (8) 2 Y 11 Whitefriars Roadside 358813 173342 NO2 Y N N (92) 5 Y 12 Galleries Roadside 359142 173211 NO2 Y N N (99) 1 Y Urban 13 Ferndown Close 354493 177489 NO2 N N Y (15) 135 N Background 14 Red Lion Knowle Roadside 360871 170291 NO2 Y N N (4) 2 Y 15 Horsefair Roadside 359294 173485 NO2 Y N N (99) 1 Y 16 Third Way Roadside 352287 178698 NO2 N N N (98) 2 N 17 Anglesea Place Roadside 357273 174582 NO2 N N N (9) 1 N Urban 18 Hillcrest 360691 170081 NO2 N N Y (8) 160 N Background 19 Conham Vale Roadside 362921 172122 NO2 N N N (99) 1 N 20 Newfoundland Way Roadside 359567 173630 NO2 Y N N (95) 5 Y 21 Gloucester Road Roadside 359027 175300 NO2 Y N N (20) 1 Y 22 Stokes Croft Roadside 359109 173886 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y 23 Old Market Roadside 359555 173166 NO2 Y N N (96) 4 Y Urban 81 Eastville Park 361657 175362 NO2 Y N N (220) 212 Y Background Urban 99 Greville Smyth Park 357099 171627 NO2 N N Y (1) 2 N Background

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Is monitoring Relevant collocated Exposure? Distance to Does this with a (Y/N with kerb of location Continuous distance (m) nearest represent Site X OS Y OS Pollutants In Analyser (Y/N) to relevant road worst-case ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? exposure) (m) exposure? Urban 105 Victoria Park 359097 171368 NO2 N N Y (13) 200 N Background 113 Victoria Street c Roadside 359258 172696 NO2 Y N N (2) 3 Y 123 York Rd Roadside 359213 171916 NO2 Y N Y (1) 2 Y Anchor Road opp 147 Roadside 358514 172691 NO2 Y N N (80) 1 Y Swan hotel 154 Hotwells Road Roadside 357601 172483 NO2 Y N N (14) 1 Y Jacobs Wells road 155 Roadside 357838 172713 NO2 Y N N (20) 2 Y nr Hotwells rndbt Jacobs Wells road 156 Roadside 357709 173018 NO2 Y N N (2) 1 Y opp Clifton hill Stokes Croft 157 Roadside 359119 174090 NO2 Y N N (2) 2 Y Ashley Road 159 Cromwell Road Roadside 358891 174608 NO2 Y N N (5) 1 Y 161 Bishop Road Roadside 359152 175733 NO2 Y N N (5) 2 Y 163 Strathmore Road Roadside 359435 176574 NO2 Y N N (20) 3 Y top of Brislington 175 Roadside 362147 170525 NO2 Y N N (13) 2 Y Hill Parson St. A38 239 Roadside 357880 170506 NO2 Y N N (7) 1 Y East Parson Street 242 Bedminster Down Roadside 357510 170401 NO2 Y N N (2) 2 Y Road Merchants Road 254 Roadside 357118 172429 NO2 Y N N (3) 1 Y Hotwells Stapleton Road 260 Roadside 361140 175366 NO2 Y N N (3) 2 Y South Stapleton Road 261 Roadside 361103 175059 NO2 Y N N (5) 1 Y Heath Street 263 Gatton Road Roadside 360343 174473 NO2 Y N N (3) 1 Y Lamppost 16 295 Roadside 359913 174315 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y Ashley Road St.

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Is monitoring Relevant collocated Exposure? Distance to Does this with a (Y/N with kerb of location Continuous distance (m) nearest represent Site X OS Y OS Pollutants In Analyser (Y/N) to relevant road worst-case ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? exposure) (m) exposure? Pauls Facade 383 297 Church Road Roadside 362320 173626 NO2 Y N N (6) 3 Y Redfield Facade Haart Estate Agents 755 300 Roadside 363365 175883 NO2 Y N N (3) 1 Y Fishponds Road Fishponds Facade 784 Muller 303 Roadside 361368 175170 NO2 Y N Y (0) 7 Y Road Fishponds Lamppost Sarah 305 Roadside 360661 173373 NO2 Y N N (8) 20 Y Street Redfield Lamppost Glenfrome Road \ 307 Roadside 360747 175328 NO2 Y N N (4) 2 Y Muller Road Horfield Give Way sign Chesterfield Rd \ 311 Roadside 359677 175057 NO2 N N N (6) 1 N Ashley Down Road St. Andrews Lamppost Ashley 312 Roadside 359832 174616 NO2 Y N N (13) 2 Y Hill St. Pauls Lamppost 314 Whiteladies Road \ Roadside 357751 174063 NO2 N N N (3) 1 N Cotham Hill Clifton Monitor Rupert 318 Roadside 358667 173110 NO2 Y Y N (25) 0 Y Street City Centre Monitor Bath 320 Roadside 361180 171567 NO2 Y Y N (22) 18 Y Road Brislington Facade 258 325 Fishponds Road Roadside 361667 175103 NO2 Y N Y (0) 8 Y Fishponds

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Is monitoring Relevant collocated Exposure? Distance to Does this with a (Y/N with kerb of location Continuous distance (m) nearest represent Site X OS Y OS Pollutants In Analyser (Y/N) to relevant road worst-case ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? exposure) (m) exposure? 363 5102 façade Roadside 359075 173613 NO2 Y N Y (0) 9 Y 365 Unite façade Roadside 359520 173264 NO2 Y N Y (0) 10 Y Great George 370 Roadside 359775 173513 NO2 Y N Y (0) 1 Y Street lamppost 371 Lamb Street façade Roadside 359813 173373 NO2 Y N N (6) 2 Y 123 Newfoundland 373 Roadside 359747 173774 NO2 Y N N (15) 17 Y Street façade 374 St. Paul Street Roadside 359509 173595 NO2 Y N N (4) 1 Y Avonmouth Rd No 396 Roadside 352593 177673 NO2 N N Y (0) 7 N 28 on facia facade avonmouth 397 road underpass - Roadside 352578 177637 NO2 N N Y (0) 12 N house to SE Avonmouth Rd No 398 Roadside 352501 177698 NO2 N N Y (0) 10 N 31 on facia Lamp post 48 230 403 Roadside 360508 171676 NO2 Y N N (2) 2 Y Bath Road Whitehall 405 Rd/Easton Rd Roadside 361051 173743 NO2 Y N N (3) 1 Y lamppost 4TZ Whitehall Rd lamppost 17 nr 406 Roadside 361578 173805 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y juction with Chalks Rd lamppost sussex 407 Roadside 359829 174370 NO2 Y N N (9) 2 Y place Wells Rd bus lane sign just below 413 Roadside 360043 171508 NO2 Y N N (5) 2 Y junction with Knowle Rd St John's Lane No 417 Roadside 359635 171413 NO2 Y N Y (0) 0 Y 26 lamppost 15

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Is monitoring Relevant collocated Exposure? Distance to Does this with a (Y/N with kerb of location Continuous distance (m) nearest represent Site X OS Y OS Pollutants In Analyser (Y/N) to relevant road worst-case ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? exposure) (m) exposure? (just past roundabout) Bedminster Down Rd lamppost 418 between Ashton Roadside 357737 170642 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y Motors & Plough PH Parson St lamppost 419 outside Bristol Roadside 357832 170686 NO2 Y N N (10) 1 Y Scuba North St/Dean Lane 420 Roadside 358277 171562 NO2 Y N Y (1) 2 Y on roundabout sign North St/Langton 422 Roadside 358168 171525 NO2 Y N Y (0) 3 Y Park T junction facade BRI 423 Roadside 358623 173386 NO2 Y N Y (0) 13 Y children's Ashley Rd P sign outside 425 Roadside 359318 174162 NO2 Y N Y (0) 3 Y International Market (nr Dalrymple Rd) City Rd/Ashley Rd 426 Roadside 359517 174153 NO2 Y N N (5) 2 Y lamppost No 16 facade villiers road 429 stapleton road Roadside 360484 174097 NO2 Y N Y (0) 4 Y junction 436 Shiners Garage Roadside 361013 173352 NO2 Y N N (22) 3 Y A37 Junction w/ 438 Kerbside 360903 170024 NO2 Y Y N (8) 6 Y Airport Road Parson Street 439 Roadside 358042 170582 NO2 Y Y Y (20) 4 Y School Avon Probation 441 Roadside 359645 173683 NO2 Y Y N (100) 8 Y Service

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Is monitoring Relevant collocated Exposure? Distance to Does this with a (Y/N with kerb of location Continuous distance (m) nearest represent Site X OS Y OS Pollutants In Analyser (Y/N) to relevant road worst-case ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? exposure) (m) exposure? St. Pauls Day Urban 455 359487 173924 NO2 Y Y Y (10) 110 Y Nursery Background Millpond School 461 Roadside 360381 174405 NO2 Y N Y (0) 10 Y Fence Millpond School 462 Roadside 360385 174381 NO2 Y N Y (0) 35 Y play area 464 Fishponds Road Roadside 362927 175592 NO2 Y Y N (7) 3 Y Savanna coffee 466 Roadside 357466 171622 NO2 Y N Y (0) 3 Y drainpipe 467 Strada Exeter Road Roadside 357568 171537 NO2 Y N N (4) 1 Y Lamppost corner 469 Roadside 359479 171114 NO2 Y N Y (1) 2 Y park avenue Lamppost nr brick 470 wall speed limit Roadside 359213 170997 NO2 Y N Y (0) 4 Y sign 472 Jamiesons Autos Roadside 358226 171284 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y 473 B&G Snax West St Roadside 358105 171124 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y Martial Arts West 474 Roadside 357991 170979 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y Street T shirt Shop W. 478 Roadside 362091 170447 NO2 Y N Y (0) 7 Y Town Lane 479 cycle sign lamppost Roadside 361917 170442 NO2 N N N (9) 3 N Avonmouth Road - Lampost (20) 482 Kerbside 352450 177760 NO2 N N N (18) 0 N Opposite Number Hse No 45 Avonmouth Road - Lampost (19) 483 Kerbside 352484 177735 NO2 N N N (18) 0 N Opposite Hse No 37 Avonmouth Road - 485 Roadside 352654 177602 NO2 N N N (3) 1 N Telegraph Pole

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2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide

Automatic Monitoring Data

Data capture rates at the Rupert Street and Fishponds monitoring sites were below the 90% rate that we aim to achieve. In 2014 Bristol City Council had a service contract with Supporting U Ltd. Throughout 2014 the service level received from Supporting U deteriorated significantly. Call out responses were outside of the service level agreement timescales and in November 2014 Supporting U went into liquidation. This left us without cover and unable to get issues resolved at our monitoring sites in a timeframe that we would normally expect. As a result, higher than normal data losses were experienced at our Rupert Street and Fishponds monitoring sites. In particular, an ongoing fault at Fishponds, which remained unresolved for a long time, resulted in us having to invalidate a large amount of data from this site for the latter part of 2014. Data from these sites has been annualised using data from the St Paul’s and Newport AURN sites in order to estimate annual

NO2 concentrations.

The continuous monitoring data shows similar results as recorded in previous years. A general downward trend seems to continue at the Brislington Depot, Rupert Street and Parsons Street sites. Wells Road, Newfoundland Way and the St Pauls’ AURN sites show fairly stable concentrations over the past 4 years. The recent trend showing a fall at the Fishponds site seems to have been reversed in 2014, however, this figure should be considered with caution due to the lower than normal data capture rates at this site in 2014.

The Rupert Street monitor continues to record the highest NO2 concentrations of any continuous analyser within Bristol. 2014 saw another significant fall in the number of hourly exceedences at this site, down to 24 compared to 56 in 2013. However, this figure should be considered with caution due to the lower data collection rates for this site in 2014. However, this lower figure is not out of step with the general downward trend from 2008 when 285 exceedences were recorded. The 99.8th percentile of hourly means for 2013 and 2014 for the Rupert Street site were 237.0µg/m3 and

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210.0µg/m3 respectively and reflects the decrease in hourly exceedences recorded between 2013 and 2014.

Parsons Street experienced two exceedences of the 200 µg/m3 concentration with Fishponds recording one exceedance. No other sites recorded any hourly exceedences. In 2013 the Wells Road site recorded 17 exceedences, the latest hourly 2014 data is more in line with the historical concentrations at this location with the annual trend remaining stable at Wells Road.

In 2014 Brislington Depot again recorded the lowest annual concentration of any of the automatic sites with the exception of the background St Paul’s site. Since 2009 the NO2 concentration here has been very stable but 2014 shows signs of a slight fall compared to previous years. Automatic monitoring results are shown in Table 2.3 and Table 2.4.

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Table 2.3 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective Valid Data Annual Mean Concentration g/m3 Capture for Valid Data Within period of Capture 2014 Site ID Site Type AQMA? monitoring % % 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 203 - Brislington Urban Y 98.6 98.6 37.1 34.5 35.7 34.3 31.4 Depot Background 206 - Rupert Urban Centre Y 78.7 78.7 94.3 86.2 89.3 85.1 77.3 Street 215 - Parson Roadside Y 100 100 50.5 48.2 47.9 50.8 45.7 Street School 270 - Wells Road Kerbside Y 90.6 90.6 47.3 42.3 41.2 39.0 40.5 375 - Newfoundland Roadside Y 100 100 54.3 53.8 52.7 55.2 52.5 Road Police Station 463 - Fishponds Roadside Y 68 68 44.4 42.2 39.5 37.7 43.3 Road 452 - AURN St. Urban Y 91.8 91.8 30.6 27.2 31.5 28.2 26.3 Pauls Background

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Figure 2.4 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites

LAQM USA 2015 33 Bristol City Council Figure 2.5 Summary Plot of Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (Fishponds, Newfoundland Way and Brislington)

LAQM USA 2015 34 Bristol City Council Figure 2.6 Summary Plot of Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (St Pauls, Wells Road, Parsons Street and Rupert Street)

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Table 2.4 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective Valid Data Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean (200 g/m3) Capture for Valid Data Within period of Capture 2014 Site ID Site Type AQMA? monitoring % % 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 203 - Urban Brislington Y 98.6 98.6 1 0 0 (121.5) 3 0 Background Depot 206 - Rupert Urban Centre Y 78.7 78.7 81 46 (216.3) 52 (217.9) 56 (237) 24 (210) Street 215 - Parson Roadside Y 100 100 4 5 0 (143.7) 1 2 Street School 270 - Wells Kerbside Y 90.6 90.6 2 3 1 (145.7) 17 0 Road 375 - Newfoundland Roadside Y 100 100 11 0 (156.1) 0 0 0 Road Police Station 463 - Fishponds Roadside Y 68 68 0 1 0 0 1 (131) Road 452 - AURN Urban Y 91.8 91.8 0 0 0 0 0 St. Pauls Background

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Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

Summary data from NO2 diffusion tube sites are given below in Table 2.5. Annual mean concentrations exceeding 40 µg/m3 in 2014 are shown in bold with those over 60 µg/m3 also underlined. Where annual means in 2014 exceed the air quality objective and the location is outside the AQMA, the row is highlighted in grey. Diffusion tube results for 2010 to 2014 are shown in Table 2.6.

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Table 2.5 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2014 Data Data with Confirm if Annual mean Capture less than 9 data has concentration Triplicate 2014 months has been (Bias Adjustment or (Number been distance factor = 0.92) Site Within Collocated of Months annualised corrected ID Location Site Type AQMA? Tube or %) (Y/N) (Y/N) 2014 (g/m3) 2 Colston Avenue Roadside Y 100% N N 67.7 3 Blackboy Hill Roadside N 100% N N 36.3 4 Three Lamps Roadside Y 100% N N 55.8 5 Bedminster Parade Roadside Y 100% N N 47.6 6 Church Road Roadside Y 100% N N 30.5 7 St. Andrew's Rd Roadside N 100% N N 28.0 Urban 8 Higham Street Y 22.6 Background 100% N N 9 B.R.I. Roadside Y 100% N N 49.3 10 Bath Road Roadside Y 100% N N 50.1 11 Whitefriars Roadside Y 100% N N 48.8 12 Galleries Roadside Y 100% N N 51.3 Urban 13 Ferndown Close N 16.3 Background 100% N N 14 Red Lion Knowle Roadside Y 100% N N 40.4 15 Horsefair Roadside Y 100% N N 48.6 16 Third Way Roadside N 100% N N 34.6 17 Anglesea Place Roadside N 100% N N 21.2 Urban 18 Hillcrest N 18.1 Background 100% N N 19 Conham Vale Roadside N 100% N N 20.8 20 Newfoundland Way Roadside Y 82% N N 65.3 21 Gloucester Road Roadside Y 100% N N 50.4 22 Stokes Croft Roadside Y 100% N N 55.3 23 Old Market Roadside Y 100% N N 44.2

LAQM USA 2015 38 Bristol City Council Data Data with Confirm if Annual mean Capture less than 9 data has concentration Triplicate 2014 months has been (Bias Adjustment or (Number been distance factor = 0.92) Site Within Collocated of Months annualised corrected ID Location Site Type AQMA? Tube or %) (Y/N) (Y/N) 2014 (g/m3) Urban 81 Eastville Park Y 17.5 Background 100% N N Urban 99 Greville Smyth Park N 27.2 Background 100% N N Urban 105 Victoria Park N 17.2 Background 100% N N 113 Victoria Street c Roadside Y 100% N N 48.8 123 York Road Roadside Y 82% N N 53.3 Anchor Road opp 147 Roadside Y 57.0 Swan hotel 100% N N 154 Hotwells Road Roadside Y 100% N N 38.5 Jacobs Wells road 155 Roadside Y 38.8 nr Hotwells rndbt 100% N N Jacobs Wells road 156 Roadside Y 38.0 opp Clifton hill 100% N N Stokes Croft 157 Roadside Y 51.4 Ashley Road 100% N N 159 Cromwell Road Roadside Y 100% N N 44.5 161 Bishop Road Roadside Y 100% N N 41.3 163 Strathmore Road Roadside Y 100% N N 39.1 top of Brislington 175 Roadside Y 51.7 Hill 100% N N Parson St. A38 239 Roadside Y 65.4 East 65% Y N Parson Street 242 Bedminster Down Roadside Y 92% N N 56.2 Road Merchants Road 254 Roadside Y 51.5 Hotwells 100% N N

LAQM USA 2015 39 Bristol City Council Data Data with Confirm if Annual mean Capture less than 9 data has concentration Triplicate 2014 months has been (Bias Adjustment or (Number been distance factor = 0.92) Site Within Collocated of Months annualised corrected ID Location Site Type AQMA? Tube or %) (Y/N) (Y/N) 2014 (g/m3) Stapleton Road 260 Roadside Y 46.3 South 100% N N Stapleton Road 261 Roadside Y 50.6 Heath Street 100% N N 263 Gatton Road Roadside Y 100% N N 33.9 Lamppost 16 295 Ashley Road St. Roadside Y 100% N N 58.6 Pauls Facade 383 297 Church Road Roadside Y 65% Y N 34.9 Redfield Facade Haart Estate Agents 755 300 Roadside Y 42.4 Fishponds Road 100% N N Fishponds Facade 784 Muller 303 Roadside Y 43.5 Road Fishponds 100% N N Lamppost Sarah 305 Roadside Y 100% 34.2 Street Redfield N N Lamppost Glenfrome Road \ 307 Roadside Y 38.4 Muller Road 100% N N Horfield Give Way sign Chesterfield Rd \ 311 Roadside N 43.3 Ashley Down Road 100% N Y St. Andrews Lamppost Ashley 312 Roadside Y 36.7 Hill St. Pauls 100% N N

LAQM USA 2015 40 Bristol City Council Data Data with Confirm if Annual mean Capture less than 9 data has concentration Triplicate 2014 months has been (Bias Adjustment or (Number been distance factor = 0.92) Site Within Collocated of Months annualised corrected ID Location Site Type AQMA? Tube or %) (Y/N) (Y/N) 2014 (g/m3) Lamppost 314 Whiteladies Road \ Roadside N 75% Y Y 43.0 Cotham Hill Clifton Monitor Rupert Triplicate and 318 Roadside Y 100% 88.8 Street City Centre Co-located N N Monitor Bath Triplicate and 320 Roadside Y 100% 30.9 Road Brislington Co-located N N Facade 258 325 Fishponds Road Roadside Y 100% N N 49.7 Fishponds 363 5102 façade Roadside Y 100% N N 39.8 365 Unite façade Roadside Y 73% Y N 35.5 Great George 370 Roadside Y 36.9 Street lamppost 100% N N 371 Lamb Street façade Roadside Y 100% N N 42.8 123 Newfoundland 373 Roadside Y 41.6 Street façade 66% N N 374 St. Paul Street Roadside Y 90% N N 51.8 Avonmouth Rd No 396 Roadside N 30.7 28 on facia 100% N N facade avonmouth 397 road underpass - Roadside N 100% N N 28.5 house to SE Avonmouth Rd No 398 Roadside N 31.9 31 on facia 100% N N Lamp post 48 230 403 Roadside Y 39.2 Bath Road 100% N N Whitehall 405 Rd/Easton Rd Roadside Y 100% N N 51.1 lamppost 4TZ

LAQM USA 2015 41 Bristol City Council Data Data with Confirm if Annual mean Capture less than 9 data has concentration Triplicate 2014 months has been (Bias Adjustment or (Number been distance factor = 0.92) Site Within Collocated of Months annualised corrected ID Location Site Type AQMA? Tube or %) (Y/N) (Y/N) 2014 (g/m3) Whitehall Rd lamppost 17 nr 406 Roadside Y 34.9 juction with Chalks 100% N N Rd lamppost sussex 407 Roadside Y 43.9 place 100% N N Wells Rd bus lane sign just below 413 Roadside Y 38.4 junction with 100% N N Knowle Rd St John's Lane No 26 lamppost 15 417 Roadside Y 40.8 (just past 100% N N roundabout) Bedminster Down Rd lamppost 418 between Ashton Roadside Y 100% N N 67.7 Motors & Plough PH Parson St lamppost 419 outside Bristol Roadside Y 100% N N 56.6 Scuba North St/Dean Lane 420 Roadside Y 37.2 on roundabout sign 100% N N North St/Langton 422 Roadside Y 34.1 Park T junction 90% N N facade BRI 423 Roadside Y 41.8 children's 100% N N

LAQM USA 2015 42 Bristol City Council Data Data with Confirm if Annual mean Capture less than 9 data has concentration Triplicate 2014 months has been (Bias Adjustment or (Number been distance factor = 0.92) Site Within Collocated of Months annualised corrected ID Location Site Type AQMA? Tube or %) (Y/N) (Y/N) 2014 (g/m3) Ashley Rd P sign outside 425 Roadside Y 43.7 International Market 45% N N (nr Dalrymple Rd) City Rd/Ashley Rd 426 Roadside Y 34.0 lamppost No 16 92% N N facade villiers road 429 stapleton road Roadside Y 93% N N 54.7 junction 436 Shiners Garage Roadside Y 100% N N 38.2 A37 Junction w/ Triplicate and 438 Kerbside Y 100% 44.0 Airport Road Co-located N N Parson Street Triplicate and 439 Roadside Y 100% 42.0 School Co-located N N Avon Probation Triplicate and 441 Roadside Y 100% 50.2 Service Co-located N N St. Pauls Day Urban Triplicate and 455 Y 100% 27.3 Nursery Background Co-located N N Millpond School 461 Roadside Y 34.1 Fence 100% N N Millpond School 462 Roadside Y 29.2 play area 100% N N Triplicate and 464 Fishponds Road Roadside Y 100% 36.0 Co-located N N Savanna coffee 466 Roadside Y 38.0 drainpipe 90% N N 467 Strada Exeter Road Roadside Y 100% N N 33.0 Lamppost corner 469 Roadside Y 35.8 park avenue 100% N N

LAQM USA 2015 43 Bristol City Council Data Data with Confirm if Annual mean Capture less than 9 data has concentration Triplicate 2014 months has been (Bias Adjustment or (Number been distance factor = 0.92) Site Within Collocated of Months annualised corrected ID Location Site Type AQMA? Tube or %) (Y/N) (Y/N) 2014 (g/m3) Lamppost nr brick 470 wall speed limit Roadside Y 100% N N 35.0 sign 472 Jamiesons Autos Roadside Y 100% N N 45.2 473 B&G Snax West St Roadside Y 100% N N 40.7 Martial Arts West 474 Roadside Y 35.8 Street 100% N N T shirt Shop W. 478 Roadside Y 35.8 Town Lane 100% N N 479 cycle sign lamppost Roadside N 100% N N 32.2 Avonmouth Road - Lampost (20) 482 Kerbside N 35.8 Opposite Number 100% N N Hse No 45 Avonmouth Road - Lampost (19) 483 Kerbside N 37.2 Opposite Hse No 100% N N 37 Avonmouth Road - 485 Telegraph Pole Roadside N 100% N N 35.0 Opposite Hse No 4 Barracks's Lane - Telegraph Pole No 486 Roadside N 36.6 6. End of Lane Left 90% N N Hand Side Junction 3 Millpond 487 Kerbside Y 47.4 Street 100% N N Junction 3 Easton 488 Roadside Y 40.1 Way 100% N N

LAQM USA 2015 44 Bristol City Council Data Data with Confirm if Annual mean Capture less than 9 data has concentration Triplicate 2014 months has been (Bias Adjustment or (Number been distance factor = 0.92) Site Within Collocated of Months annualised corrected ID Location Site Type AQMA? Tube or %) (Y/N) (Y/N) 2014 (g/m3) Avonmouth Road 489 Roadside N 34.5 Outside No 12 92% N N Avon School 490 Roadside N 29.1 Barrack's Lane 92% N N Avonmouth Road 491 Roadside N 31.2 Outside No 76 92% N N

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Table 2.6 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (2010 to 2014) Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) g/m3 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Site Within (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment ID Site Type AQMA? Factor = 0.88) Factor = 0.91) Factor = 0.87) Factor = 0.94) Factor = 0.92) 2 Roadside Y 79.4 78.8 66.8 68.7 67.7 3 Roadside N 46.0 36.6 37.7 41.2 36.3 4 Roadside Y 62.3 59.8 58.4 60.6 55.8 5 Roadside Y 66.6 57.2 54.6 58.7 47.6 6 Roadside Y 40.9 35.2 33.6 33.5 30.5 7 Roadside N 30.2 27.7 27.9 27.7 28.0 Urban 8 Y 29.8 25.7 25.6 26.8 22.6 Background 9 Roadside Y 65.4 58.0 52.0 54.0 49.3 10 Roadside Y 68.2 62.3 58.4 61.5 50.1 11 Roadside Y 60.8 56.1 53.2 56.3 48.8 12 Roadside Y 58.2 55.2 50.8 56.7 51.3 Urban 13 N 31.1 19.4 18.1 18.8 16.3 Background 14 Roadside Y 47.9 44.1 43.2 42.2 40.4 15 Roadside Y 54.7 50.9 49.5 53.6 48.6 16 Roadside N 35.1 35.8 36.4 33.3 34.6 17 Roadside N 40.3 21.0 21.3 25.0 21.2 Urban 18 N 26.5 20.3 21.3 22.3 18.1 Background 19 Roadside N 24.4 21.5 22.0 27.2 20.8 20 Roadside Y 79.0 73.2 74.7 64.3 65.3 21 Roadside Y 50.1 44.5 43.1 52.0 50.4 22 Roadside Y 68.2 58.7 55.3 57.7 55.3 23 Roadside Y 56.3 52.3 47.9 50.6 44.2 Urban 81 Y 22.7 19.2 21.0 18.2 17.5 Background Urban 99 N 32.7 28.1 30.0 33.1 27.2 Background

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Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) g/m3 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Site Within (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment ID Site Type AQMA? Factor = 0.88) Factor = 0.91) Factor = 0.87) Factor = 0.94) Factor = 0.92) Urban 105 N 26.0 19.9 20.4 21.2 17.2 Background 113 Roadside Y 53.9 55.2 51.8 48.4 48.8 123 Roadside Y 62.9 66.5 63.0 59.6 53.3 147 Roadside Y 65.6 66.4 60.6 60.2 57.0 154 Roadside Y 54.7 40.9 40.3 44.3 38.5 155 Roadside Y 47.4 52.4 46.9 48.5 38.8 156 Roadside Y 56.1 49.1 45.8 44.2 38.0 157 Roadside Y 64.9 61.8 55.9 56.0 51.4 159 Roadside Y 53.6 48.9 49.7 49.0 44.5 161 Roadside Y 52.9 47.4 41.6 41.8 41.3 163 Roadside Y 44.8 38.3 38.8 43.0 39.1 175 Roadside Y 57.9 56.3 54.7 55.3 51.7 239 Roadside Y 81.3 82.0 76.9 78.0 65.4 242 Roadside Y 80.3 75.5 73.9 75.1 56.2 254 Roadside Y 47.1 55.6 55.3 53.2 51.5 260 Roadside Y 52.9 52.8 45.8 46.5 46.3 261 Roadside Y 55.8 48.2 53.0 55.8 50.6 263 Roadside Y 43.1 38.5 35.7 35.0 33.9 295 Roadside Y 58.8 60.7 57.8 57.2 58.6 297 Roadside Y 39.1 36.7 33.6 34.9 34.9 300 Roadside Y 47.0 52.8 49.9 48.5 42.4 303 Roadside Y 55.4 52.1 48.5 48.2 43.5 305 Roadside Y 43.8 37.3 36.0 37.1 34.2 307 Roadside Y 46.6 41.5 39.5 39.8 38.4 311 Roadside N 49.2 45.3 46.7 49.5 43.3 312 Roadside Y 46.8 46.4 43.7 44.5 36.7 314 Roadside N 51.1 44.1 40.4 44.4 43.0 318 Roadside Y 102.6 95.2 90.6 88.8 88.8 320 Roadside Y 34.3 33.1 31.5 31.1 30.9 325 Roadside Y 51.8 53.0 49.8 45.8 49.7 363 Roadside Y 44.9 47.4 48.0 44.3 39.8 365 Roadside Y 45.4 40.3 37.4 37.7 35.5

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Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) g/m3 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Site Within (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment (Bias Adjustment ID Site Type AQMA? Factor = 0.88) Factor = 0.91) Factor = 0.87) Factor = 0.94) Factor = 0.92) 370 Roadside Y 49.2 43.7 39.5 39.4 36.9 371 Roadside Y 57.9 47.5 47.5 46.9 42.8 373 Roadside Y 53.0 47.9 44.9 45.2 41.6 374 Roadside Y 56.2 56.2 46.8 50.7 51.8 396 Roadside N 40.4 36.3 34.7 31.9 30.7 397 Roadside N 38.4 35.9 34.0 34.4 28.5 398 Roadside N 40.1 34.9 31.8 34.0 31.9 403 Roadside Y 46.5 43.9 43.6 46.6 39.2 405 Roadside Y 57.8 58.0 53.1 55.0 51.1 406 Roadside Y 48.1 37.5 36.5 36.5 34.9 407 Roadside Y 53.9 56.5 47.3 47.1 43.9 413 Roadside Y 52.2 47.1 41.4 43.7 38.4 417 Roadside Y 51.3 45.6 44.1 42.1 40.8 418 Roadside Y 92.9 90.5 81.8 74.0 67.7 419 Roadside Y 63.2 54.7 54.1 53.6 56.6 420 Roadside Y 43.8 39.6 38.1 38.9 37.2 422 Roadside Y 43.4 41.2 39.8 39.0 34.1 423 Roadside Y 53.0 53.2 50.9 46.3 41.8 425 Roadside Y 43.3 42.2 41.4 38.9 43.7 426 Roadside Y 40.7 40.0 39.5 38.0 34.0 429 Roadside Y 60.3 57.8 57.3 60.6 54.7 436 Roadside Y 44.7 40.9 39.6 40.1 38.2 438 Kerbside Y 48.0 47.7 43.4 43.5 44.0 439 Roadside Y 41.9 40.9 40.9 44.7 42.0 441 Roadside Y 58.7 57.8 55.0 56.1 50.2 Urban 455 Y 34.8 30.0 29.5 30.1 27.3 Background 461 Roadside Y 40.2 35.9 35.5 37.2 34.1 462 Roadside Y 35.8 32.6 31.7 32.9 29.2 464 Roadside Y 42.2 39.2 38.0 35.7 36.0 466 Roadside Y 41.1 39.7 39.6 41.1 38.0 467 Roadside Y 40.7 33.4 35.1 34.8 33.0 469 Roadside Y 46.2 40.4 39.4 38.5 35.8

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Trends in NO2 Concentrations

Figure 2.7 shows trends in annual mean concentrations of NO2 as measured by a network of roadside diffusion tubes used to represent the LTP air quality indicator. Twenty-two tubes are used and the concentrations shown are bias adjusted. The analysis uses default settings in the smoothTrend function in openair to derive a trend for the data. This analysis shows that since 1999 the trajectory for ambient NO2 concentrations has generally been stable, however, the latest results from 2014 indicate that a slight downward trend may be occurring. Caution should be used when drawing conclusions such as this as inter annual variations in the predominant meteorological conditions can have a significant impact upon pollutant concentrations. More data from future years needs to be collected in order to infer reliable conclusions with regards to the general trend in air quality concentrations in Bristol.

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Figure 2.7 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites

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Table 2.7 Tubes Outside AQMA Exceeding the Annual Air Quality Objective for NO2 Since 2010 Site Annual Mean Concentrations (µg/m3) Site Action ID 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Slight exceedence recorded in 2013 after two years of compliance at this location. 2014 monitoring data shows compliance Blackboy Hill 3 46.0 36.6 37.7 41.2 36.3 again, with concentrations comparable to those measured in 2011 and 2012. Monitoring to continue in this location. NO concentration at Give Way 2 relevant receptor sign location is below the Chesterfield 311 49.2 45.3 46.7 49.5 43.3 air quality strategy Rd \ Ashley objective limit. No Down Road further action St. Andrews required.

NO2 concentration at relevant receptor location is below the air quality strategy objective (39µg/m3) when calculated Lamppost using distance Whiteladies calculator tool. Road \ 314 51.1 44.1 40.4 44.4 43.0 Monitoring in this Cotham Hill location to continue Clifton to ensure that exceedence at the relevant receptor does not occur consistently in future years. Avonmouth Compliance has Road - Not Not been achieved at all School Sign 484* 40.2 37.2 N/A monitoring locations Monitored Monitored Opposite in the Avonmouth Hse No 16 Road area during 2014. During 2014 the diffusion tube network in this area Avonmouth was expanded in Road - Not Not order to gain a better Telegraph 485 41.2 35.7 35.0 understanding of the Pole Monitored Monitored pollutant sources and Opposite to try to distinguish Hse No 4 between the Avonmouth Road and M5

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contributions. Monitoring will continue, however, compliance has been achieved in 2013 and 2014 and therefore no further action is required with regards to AQMA declaration. No relevant exposure at tube location. Purpose of monitoring location is to assess local contribution of M5 Barracks's motorway to NO Lane - 2 concentrations. This Telegraph Not Not tube appears to Pole No 6. 486 41.5 38.2 36.6 Monitored Monitored indicate that the M5 End of Lane contribution to NO Left Hand 2 concentrations in Side 2013 was lower than in 2012. The 2014 NO2 concentration is lower than the previous two years of data from this site. *The sign on which tube 484 was placed was removed in 2013. The monitoring location was replaced by site 489 in 2014. It is located very close to where tube 484 used to be.

Chesterfield Road/Ashley Down Road

Diffusion tube 311 is located on the give way sign at a congested road junction approximately half a metre from the kerbside. The nearest property façade is some

8.5 metres from the kerbside. The NO2 distance calculator has previously been used to assess whether the nearby property could be at risk of exceedence of the annual mean NO2 objective in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. For all years it was concluded that the objective would be met where relevant exposure occurred. There 3 has been a 6.2 µg/m decrease in NO2 concentrations in this location in 2014 compared to 2013. The NO2 distance calculator results for 2014 are summarised in

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Figure 2.8 below and shows that the predicted concentration at the façade of the nearest relevant receptor is once again below the annual mean objective.

Background NO2 concentrations used in the calculations below have been taken from the Defra published background pollution maps for 2014.

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Figure 2.8 2014 Summary Data from NO2 Distance Calculator for Tube 311

Blackboy Hill and Whiteladies Road

The 2011 Detailed Assessment concluded that an extension to the central AQMA should be made to include Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill. Bristol City Council were planning to start the consultation process for the extension of the AQMA, however, the 2011 data considered for both these sites in the 2012 Updating and

Screening Assessment showed that there had been a marked reduction in NO2 concentrations measured in these locations compared to 2010. The 2012 data for Tube 314 and Tube 3 confirm that the decision in 2012 to defer the declaration of an AQMA along Whiteladies Road was the right approach to take. Data for 2013 at Tube 314 on Whiteladies Road shows that there was a marginal exceedence (40.3µg/m3) where relevant exposure occurs, however, the data from 2014 shows compliance and a fall to 39µg/m3. The distance calculation for Tube 314 is shown in Figure 2.9.

Tube 3 on Blackboy Hill is located on the façade of a building and is representative of relevant exposure. In 2010, the annual objective for NO2 was exceeded in this location, with a concentration of 46.0µg/m3 being recorded. In both 2011 and 2012

LAQM USA 2015 55 Bristol City Council the objective was met at this location; however, in 2013 the objective was once again exceeded with 41.2µg/m3 being recorded. 2014 data once again shows compliance 3 at this location with an annual NO2 concentration of 36.3µg/m . The latest monitoring data has continued the trend of marginal exceedence and compliance in this location and confirms the need to continue to monitor the annual variation in air quality being recorded here.

Figure 2.9 2014 Summary Data from NO2 Distance Calculator for Tube 314

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Figure 2.10 Location of Diffusion Tube Sites on Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill

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Avonmouth Road and Barracks Lane

Monitoring has continued around the M5 Avonmouth Bridge over Avonmouth Road following revocation of the AQMA here in 2008. The 2011 Detailed Assessment concluded that consultation for the re declaration of an AQMA at Avonmouth Road should begin. This consultation process was under way with statutory bodies; however, 2011 data, reported in the 2012 Updating and Screening Assessment, casts some doubt over the necessity to declare in this location. After consultation with the LAQM Helpdesk it was agreed that the declaration process could be deferred in order for additional data to be collected.

Annual NO2 concentrations at all 10 diffusion tube locations in the Avonmouth Road area during 2014 were below the objective. This reconfirms that the decision to defer the declaration process along Avonmouth was correct. NO2 concentrations for 2014 and the trends since 2010 are shown in

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Table 2.8.

There is still uncertainty over the contribution that the M5 makes to NO2 concentrations at Avonmouth Road, therefore; in order to gain a better understanding of this, two additional diffusion tube monitoring locations were set up for 2014. Data from these additional tubes and those that have been in place for a number of years indicate that there is a contribution from both roads in the area however, the concentration recorded at tube 486 confirms, as would be expected, that the contribution from the M5 is significant. Due to the elevation of the M5 motorway bridge it is likely that complex pollutant dispersion of emissions from vehicles using the M5 occurs in the area. It would appear that those properties closest to the bridge are not exposed to the same levels of pollutants from the M5 as recorded at Tube 486.

In 2014, annual NO2 data shows that neither emissions from vehicles using the M5 or

Avonmouth Road resulted in an exceedence of the annual objective for NO2 at locations of relevant exposure. Monitoring will continue in this area with results being reported annually.

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Table 2.8 Diffusion Tube Results for Avonmouth Road 2010-2014 Distance Distance from Annual Mean Concentrations Site Site ID from M5 Avonmouth 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (m) Rd Avonmouth Rd 396 23 8 40.4 36.3 34.7 31.9 30.7 No 28 on facia facade Avonmouth road 397 36 14 38.4 35.9 34.0 34.4 28.5 underpass - house to SE Avonmouth Rd 398 22 13 40.1 34.9 31.8 34.0 31.9 No 31 on facia Avonmouth Road - Lampost (20) 482 101 0 35.8 36.7 35.8 Opposite Number Hse No 45 Avonmouth Road - Lampost (19) 483 60 0 38.5 36.5 37.2 Opposite Hse No 37 Avonmouth Road - School Sign 484 66 3 40.2 37.2 Opposite Hse No 16 Avonmouth Road - Telegraph Pole 485 116 1 41.2 35.7 35.0 Opposite Hse No 4 Barracks's Lane - Telegraph Pole No 6. End of 486 21 265 41.5 38.2 36.6 Lane Left Hand Side Avonmouth Road 489 80 3 34.5 Outside No 12 Avon School 490 87 68 29.1 Barrack's Lane Avonmouth Road 491 218 3 31.2 Outside No 76

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Figure 2.11 Avonmouth Road Diffusion Tube Map 2014

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2.2.2 PM10

Monitoring of all pollutants at the Old Market site ceased in January of 2013, therefore, the St Pauls AURN site is now the only location within Bristol at which

PM10 is measured. The data from the AURN site are from an FDMS enabled TEOM instrument and are therefore in gravimetric units. Data for the AURN were downloaded from the national air quality archive.

There are no exceedences of the annual mean or hourly mean objectives at the St

Pauls AURN site. Figure 2.12 St Pauls AURN PM10 Time Plot 2014

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Table 2.9 and Table 2.10 summarise the data from the St Pauls site from 2010 to 2014. A time plot of data for 2014 is shown in Figure 2.12. Data for 2014 continues a trend for the past three years where annual PM10 concentrations have been falling; however, the trend of 24hr concentrations does not reflect this pattern.

Although no exceedences are reported from the monitoring data it is proposed that the AQMA declaration for PM10 is retained as a precautionary measure. Due to the fact the AURN sited at a background location, we can be confident that there are areas where concentrations could be higher than at the St Pauls site, for example, in the city centre near the Rupert Street site where there are high flows of buses.

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Figure 2.12 St Pauls AURN PM10 Time Plot 2014

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Table 2.9 Results of Automatic Monitoring of PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective Valid Data Valid Confirm Annual Mean Concentration g/m3 Within Capture for Data Gravimetric AQMA monitoring Capture Equivalent Site ID Site Type ? Period % 2014 % (Y or NA) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 AURN St. Urban Pauls - Y 92.7 92.7 Y 20.3 23.4 18.0 17.8 16.4 Background 452

Table 2.10 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour mean Objective Valid Data Number of Exceedences of 24-Hour Mean (50 g/m3) Capture Valid Within for Data Confirm AQMA monitoring Capture Gravimetric Site ID Site Type ? Period % 2014 % Equivalent 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 AURN St. Urban Pauls - Y 92.7 92.7 Y 4 13 (73.3) 8 (33) 3 4 Background 452

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2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide

In the past monitoring for SO2 has been carried out at locations where there was potential for exceedences of the objective, whether from industrial sources (Sevalco carbon black works on Severnside), or from a heritage railway in the centre of Bristol. These periods of monitoring showed that there were no problems that could be identified from these sources. As no other significant sources of sulphur dioxide have been identified no further monitoring has been carried out by the City Council. The carbon black works at Sevalco have now closed.

Monitoring of SO2 at the Bristol St Pauls AURN site ceased on 23rd July 2012, therefore, no SO2 data is available for reporting.

The 2013 Progress Report concluded that, unless any new industrial source or sources are identified, there is no need for any further monitoring for SO2 in Bristol. Over recent years, concentrations measured at Bristol St Pauls indicate that none of the objectives for SO2 are likely to be breached in this area, and concentrations in this area are considered to be broadly representative of the whole city, due to the lack of any significant point sources in the city. No developments have taken place within the last year that would affect this conclusion.

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2.2.4 Other pollutants monitored

Ozone is monitored at the Bristol St Pauls AURN site. Table 2.11 shows a summary of data from the site and a summary plot of data is provided in Figure 2.13.

Table 2.11 Summary of Data from St Pauls Ozone Monitoring 2014

Data Number of Exceedences of 100 µg/m3 Within Site Id Location Capture (max daily 8 hour running mean) AQMA? 2014 (%) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 452 AURN St. Pauls Y 99 8 9 5 9 9

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Figure 2.13 Summary Plot of 8 Hour Running Mean Ozone at AURN St Pauls - 2014

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2.2.5 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Bristol City Council has examined the results from monitoring in the city. Concentrations outside of the AQMA are all below the objectives at relevant locations, therefore there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

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3 Road Traffic Sources

Since the completion of the 2014 Progress Report, no major changes to the road network have taken place or been approved which could lead to a significant worsening in air quality outside of the existing air quality management area.

3.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified congested streets with a flow above 5,000 vehicles per day and residential properties close to the kerb, that have not been adequately considered in previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

3.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic

There are no newly identified street where people may spend one hour or more that have not been assessed in previous rounds of review and assessment.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic.

3.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs.

There are no newly identified roads with a high proportion of HGV’s that are not within the AQMA or that have not been considered in previous rounds of review and assessment.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with high flows of buses/HDVs.

LAQM USA 2015 70 Bristol City Council 3.4 Junctions

No new busy junctions have been identified outside of the AQMA or that have not been previously considered in previous rounds of review and assessment.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy junctions/busy roads.

3.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment

3.5.1 South Bristol Link Road

In November 2013 planning permission was granted for construction of the South Bristol Link (13/03108/F). The development forms part of the city wide Metro Bus project which intends to develop infrastructure to improve the public transport offering in the city. The South Bristol Link road covers land in both North Somerset and Bristol. There is a section of new road running through a reserve corridor from the western end of King Georges Road, running parallel and to the north of Gatehouse Avenue to Whitchurch Lane and a major reworking of King Georges Road.

An air quality assessment was carried out as part of the planning application. The assessment used an appropriate and robust assessment methodology. The air quality assessment showed some worsening of annual NO2 concentrations along parts of the route. A worsening of air quality was predicted along the area of new road, however, the objectives were not predicted to be exceeded at any relevant receptor locations along this new section of road and therefore, it is not necessary for Bristol City Council to proceed to a Detailed Assessment of these impacts.

Bristol City Council has assessed new/proposed roads meeting the criteria in Section A.5 of Box 5.3 in TG(09), and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

LAQM USA 2015 71 Bristol City Council 3.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with significantly changed traffic flows.

3.7 Bus and Coach Stations

No new relevant bus stations that have not been considered in previous reviews and assessments have been identified.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no relevant bus stations in the Local Authority area.

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4 Other Transport Sources 4.1 Airports

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no airports in the Local Authority area.

4.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains)

4.2.1 Stationary Trains

Previous Updating and Screening Assessments considered the impacts of stationary trains which confirmed that there were no locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more with potential relevant exposure.

Consideration of developments through the planning system has allowed this situation to be monitoring and ensure that relevant exposure is not introduced into an area that meets these criteria without an appropriate assessment being carried out to ensure additional exposure to poor air quality does not occur.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15m.

4.2.2 Moving Trains

The potential impact of moving trains was considered in a detailed assessment carried out in 2011. Diffusion tube monitoring was used to assess the potential impact of trains which confirmed that air quality met the objectives in locations where relevant exposure occurred.

The main rail line of concern was identified as the track between Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway. This section of line is one that is to be electrified by 2016/17 and therefore, emissions to air from rail should be reduced in this location

LAQM USA 2015 73 Bristol City Council despite a potential for increased train movements with the proposed increase in lines along this route from two lines to four.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of movements of diesel locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m.

4.3 Ports (Shipping)

The Port of Bristol straddles the River Avon at Avonmouth. It consists of two main facilities: on the North bank within the City of Bristol, Avonmouth Dock and on the South bank, in the North Somerset local authority area, Royal Portbury Dock. Emissions from the port have been assessed in previous Updating and Screening reports. The number of shipping movements was well below the threshold of movements, as outlined in Box 5.4 of TG(09), which would require detailed assessment and therefore detailed assessment was not required. The findings from previous assessments are considered to be relevant.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no ports or shipping that meet the specified criteria within the Local Authority area.

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5 Industrial Sources 5.1 Industrial Installations

5.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been Carried Out

Planning applications which have been approved in the last year and those where there have been updates to plans since the 2014 Progress report have been included in this section.

Nexterra / Balfour Beatty - 14/03210/F In November 2014 a planning application for an 11MWe bioenergy facility, which proposed to use a gasification process to treat waste wood to generate electricity, was refused planning permission. The development was proposed in a location along Chittening Road, Avonmouth and was refused on the grounds of unacceptable adverse cumulative air quality impacts on air quality in Avonmouth. This refusal was against planning officer recommendation. At appeal in 2015, permission has subsequently been given for the development to go ahead. The air quality assessment that accompanied the application was carried out to an acceptable standard and demonstrated that the air quality impacts from the development proposal together with the cumulative impacts assessed are not predicted to be significant.

Avon Power Ltd – 14/03974/F

In December 2014 planning permission was granted for an energy plant which will produce diesel, carbon black, and liquid petroleum gas (LPG). The process will use 2no. thermodynamic cracking units to convert crumbed end of life tyres to synthetic diesel oil and LPG. The LPG will be used to power the plant and some of the diesel will be used to generate electricity to be fed into the national grid. The plant will have a maximum 12MW capacity.

An air quality assessment was carried out as part of the planning submission. The scope and methodology used was considered to be appropriate with cumulative impacts also being considered in the assessment. The assessment considered

LAQM USA 2015 75 Bristol City Council emissions of NOX, PM10, and CO and included a HHRA for Dioxins. No exceedences of air quality objectives were predicted and impacts on designated conservation areas were shown to be insignificant.

John Wainwright & Co Limited - 14/05738/F Permission has been given for an asphalt plant and associated ancillary development at Rockingham Park, Avonmouth. A robust and comprehensive air quality assessment accompanied this application which demonstrated that the air quality impacts of the development proposal were considered to be acceptable.

Bristol City Council has assessed new/proposed industrial installations, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

5.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions have Increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has been Introduced

A review of planning applications for relevant industrial installations was undertaken to identify whether any of the listed processes had increased emissions substantially since the last assessment. No substantial increase in emissions were noted.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no industrial installations with substantially increased emissions or new relevant exposure in their vicinity within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment

Planning applications were also reviewed for relevant industrial applications. No new or significantly changed processes with no previous air quality assessment were identified.

Bristol City Council has assessed new/proposed industrial installations, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

LAQM USA 2015 76 Bristol City Council 5.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots

There are major fuel (petrol) storage depots within the Local Authority area, but these have been considered in previous reports.

5.3 Petrol Stations

All relevant petrol stations within Bristol have been assessed in previous rounds of review and assessment with no stations being identified that meet the specified criteria requiring detailed assessment.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no petrol stations meeting the specified criteria.

5.4 Poultry Farms

In previous rounds of review and assessment the IPPC register was inspected to determine if any poultry farms that met the criteria within Box 5.5 (C.4) of LAQM TG(09) were present within the city boundary. None were found.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no poultry farms meeting the specified criteria.

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6 Commercial and Domestic Sources 6.1 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations

No additional biomass installations have been given planning permission since the last round of review and assessment. Developers are required to submit, as a minimum, a screening assessment for any proposed biomass combustion installations and are required to proceed to detailed modelling if the screening assessment indicates that this is required.

Bristol City Council has assessed the biomass combustion plant, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

6.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts

The building control department was contacted and were able to provide an update to the data used in previous assessments for installations of solid fuel equipment in the city. HETAS, the official body recognised by government to approve solid fuel domestic heating appliances, failed to provide the building control department the required information for the 2014 Progress Report, therefore, this update includes newly registered appliances from 2013/14 and 15. It is not stated what fuel this equipment uses, so it has been assumed that it could burn both biomass (wood) and other solid fuel. The postcodes of all the installations that have been notified by HETAS, were mapped using GIS. A 500m grid was derived from this data and a total figure for PM10 emission per year was calculated according to the guidance in section D.1b of Box 5.8 in LAQM TG (09). The type of appliance was taken from Table 5.3 and was assumed to be a “stove”. The PM10 emissions from this device were taken to be that of solid smokeless fuel, as smoke control areas cover the whole of the city. Emissions per appliance per year were therefore 6.06 Kg per year. The emissions per 500m grid were compared with the annual PM10 emission threshold in nomogram

5.22. The 2014 maximum PM10 background concentration in Bristol from St Pauls AURN Urban Background site is 16.4 µg/m3. The highest emitting grid square using the assumptions above would be 539 Kg per year. From the nomogram, the 3 threshold for a 17 µg/m background PM10 concentration would be approximately

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6800 kg PM10 per year, so the actual emissions are estimated to be well below the threshold. Even if a stove with wood as the primary fuel were assumed for each appliance (25.84 Kg\year\appliance), the maximum grid would only emit 2299 Kg

PM10 per year, still well under the threshold.

Most of the addresses listed appear to be domestic properties. It is quite probable that there is under – reporting of the number of properties burning solid fuel or biomass, due to people not notifying the building control department of works to their house to enable this. However the threshold emission rate is high enough for PM10 to make this an insignificant concern.

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Figure 6.1 Map of Individual Solid Fuel Installations and PM10 Emissions Per 500m Grid Square

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Bristol City Council has assessed the biomass combustion plant, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

6.3 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning

Smoke control areas cover the whole of Bristol. There should therefore be no domestic solid fuel burning in non – approved appliances, or use of unapproved fuels. Inevitably there will be transgressions of this legislation, however these are likely to be minor and not lead to any breaches of the sulphur dioxide objectives.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no areas of significant domestic fuel use in the Local Authority area.

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7 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

Public concern has been raised in the Avonmouth area of Bristol in relation to fugitive dust emissions. There are a number of processes in the area of the docks that have the potential to be sources of fugitive dust emissions and this increased public concern led to particulate monitoring being put in place in Avonmouth in 2014.

The Environment Agency measured Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and PM10 using a TEOM analyser at Avonmouth Docks between 8th August 2014 and 10th December 2014. Bristol City Council commissioned a second TEOM, which th measured TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 on the 4 September 2014. The Bristol City Council site is located in the grounds of Avonmouth C of E Primary School, close to Portview Road. Data will be collected for a full 12 month period at the Bristol City Council monitoring location. Wind speed and direction data has been recorded at both monitoring sites in order to identify any potential local sources of particulates in the area.

The Environment Agency carried out an analysis of monitoring results from both sites th up until 10 December 2014. The mean PM10 concentration over this period was 20.6µg/m3 for the EA site and 23.4µg/m3 for the Bristol City Council site. Exceedence of the 24-hr mean occurred once during this period at the EA Site (5th November) and twice at the Bristol City Council Site, one of which was on the 5th November. The full analysis of the monitoring results can be found at the GOV.UK website.

Initial results show that PM10 concentrations are well below the objective for this pollutant. Continued monitoring at the Bristol City Council TEOM site in Avonmouth for a full 12 months will allow for a direct comparison of results to the objectives for

PM10.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no potential sources of fugitive particulate matter emissions in the Local Authority area that are not already being considered.

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8 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 8.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

In 2014 all measured pollutants continued to meet air quality strategy objective limits with the exception of NO2. Exceedences of both the long and short term limits for

NO2 continue to occur at relevant receptor locations within the AQMA.

2014 monitoring results from outside of the AQMA for NO2 has shown two monitoring locations to be over the annual mean objective of 40 µg/m3. This is a reduction from the five and three sites which recorded exceedences in 2012 and 2013, respectively. All locations along the M5 and Avonmouth Road, where previous exceedences were recorded, showed compliance in 2014.

The two monitoring sites, located outside of the AQMA, the distance calculator has been used to calculate the NO2 concentrations where relevant exposure occurs. At both locations, 311 and 314, this shows that in 2014, no exceedence occurs where there is relevant exposure. In 2013 this process showed an exceedence at a relevant location close to tube 314 on Whiteladies Road. Site 3 recorded an exceedence on Blackboy Hill at a relevant receptor location outside the AQMA in 2013, however, compliance was achieved in this location in 2014 with an annual NO2 value of 36.3µg/m3 being recorded.

The 2012 Updating and Screening Assessment recommended deferring the proposed extension of the central AQMA to include locations along Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill and the planned re-declaration of the previously revoked AQMA at Avonmouth Road. 2014 monitoring data for Avonmouth Road, Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill confirms that deferral of these previously proposed declarations/re- declarations are justified. Annual NO2 concentrations will continue to be monitored closely.

Although no exceedences are reported from the PM10 monitoring data it is proposed that the AQMA declaration for PM10 is retained as a precautionary measure. It is probable that there are locations where concentrations could be higher than at the current PM10 monitoring location.

LAQM USA 2015 83 Bristol City Council 8.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources

The review and assessment process has not identified any developments or changes in the local area that have been show to give rise to exceedences of air quality objectives outside of the existing air quality management area. All significant developments identified have been fully assessed through the planning system to ensure potential impacts on air quality are fully understood and quantified.

8.3 Proposed Actions

The Updating and Screening Assessment has not highlighted any need to progress to a detailed assessment of any pollutant within Bristol. All recorded exceedences at locations of relevant exposure occurred within the existing AQMA. The 2014 monitoring data showed compliance with the annual NO2 objective at those monitoring sites where recent data has shown marginal and inconsistent exceedences in locations outside of the AQMA. Monitoring will continue in these locations until a consistent position regarding compliance is determined.

Two additional monitoring locations have been added to the monitoring network in the Avonmouth Road area in order to get a better understanding of the relative contribution to NO2 concentrations from Avonmouth Road and the M5. Results from these additional locations in 2014 indicate that both the M5 and Avonmouth contribute to the annual NO2 concentrations in this area. Data collected in 2014 shows compliance with the air quality objective in all relevant receptor locations in the area along Avonmouth Road.

The next action will be to complete the 2016 Progress Report.

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9 References

Bristol City Council, 2008. The Story of Place Bristol City Council, 2014. Bristol Residential Development Survey Report 2014 Bristol City Council, 2011, Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy, 2011 Bristol City Council , 2012, Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment Bristol City Council , 2013 Air Quality Progress Report Bristol Citizens Panel , 2014, Citizens Panel Report, November 2014, Bristol’s Priorities Bristol City Council and The Bristol Partnership, 2013. Bristol: State of the City 2013 DEFRA, 2009. Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance: LAQM.TG(09)HM Government, 2002. The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002. Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 3043 West of England Partnership , March 2011, West of England Joint Local Transport Plan 3, 2011-2026

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Appendices

Appendix A: QA/QC Data Appendix B. Monthly Diffusion Tube Data

LAQM USA 2015 86 Bristol City Council Appendix A: QA/QC Data

Factor from Local Co-location Studies Precision calculations were undertaken for all sites in the collocation study. The precision checks indicated a “good” precision rating for all measurement periods at all sites. Automatic monitor data capture rates were good at all sites for all months except for a one month period at the Wells Road site and three months at the Bristol St Pauls Site. Summary tables from the analysers used for bias adjustment and precision calculation are included below.

Summary Data for Bias and Precision Calculation: Brislington

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Summary Data for Bias and Precision Calculation: St Pauls

Summary Data for Bias and Precision Calculation: Newfoundland Way

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Summary Data for Bias and Precision Calculation: Parsons Street

Summary Data for Bias and Precision Calculation: Wells Road

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Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Since March 2012 diffusion tube analysis has been carried out by Somerset Scientific Services. This lab is not UKAS accredited for diffusion tube analysis but does participate in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) for nitrogen dioxide tubes. All reference materials are of at least analytical grade or equivalent. Standards are prepared using equipment that is all within the normal quality system. The tubes used are recycled Gradko tubes prepared and set on a monthly basis. The tube changing frequency is as per the calendar on the Air Quality Archive web site and is carried out by Bristol City Council officers. The tubes are prepared with 50 µL of 20% triethanolamine in water. The method follows that set out in the practical guidance document.

Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use Box 3.3 of LAQM TG09 was used in order to decide on the most appropriate BAF to use. Bristol has a large network of automatic NOX analysers that are operated to national QA/QC procedures. In 2014, 5 of these sites recoded data capture rates of more than 90%. After detailed analysis of data capture rates, diffusion tube data capture rates and precision, 5 of these sites have been identified as appropriate to use for bias adjustment calculations for 2014. The precision of the analysis at these co-located triplicate tubes was classed as good. The Review and Assessment helpdesk spread sheet number 06/15 contains data from only three additional studies using Somerset Scientific Services for their diffusion tube analysis. Due to the factors outlined above it was decided that the locally derived BAF would be more representative and should be used.

The locally derived BAF was 0.92 and is a more conservative value when compared to the national BAF of 0.89.

Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment Adjustment of short term to long term data was carried out for 4 diffusion tube locations where data capture rates were below 75% and for two of the real time sites where data capture was below 90% for the year.

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Data from the Bristol St Pauls and Newport, Urban Background AURN sites has been used for this adjustment with the ratios used shown in the following tables.

Diffusion Tube: 239 - Parson St. A38 East Site Site Type Annual Mean Period Mean Ratio AURN Newport Urban 21.7 23.1 0.94 Background AURN Bristol St Urban 27.9 29.9 0.93 Paul’s Background Average 0.94

Diffusion Tube 297 - Facade 383 Church Road Redfield Site Site Type Annual Mean Period Mean Ratio AURN Newport Urban 21.7 21.6 1.00 Background AURN Bristol St Urban 27.9 27.1 1.03 Paul’s Background Average 1.02

Diffusion Tube 365 - Unite Façade Site Site Type Annual Mean Period Mean Ratio AURN Newport Urban 21.7 21.4 1.01 Background AURN Bristol St Urban 27.9 27.1 1.03 Paul’s Background Average 1.02

Diffusion Tube 425 - Ashley Rd P Sign Site Site Type Annual Mean Period Mean Ratio AURN Newport Urban 21.7 22.0 0.99 Background AURN Bristol St Urban 27.9 27.4 1.02 Paul’s Background Average 1.00

LAQM USA 2015 91 Bristol City Council

Real-Time Monitoring Site 206 – Rupert Street Site Site Type Annual Mean Period Mean Ratio AURN Newport Urban 21.7 21.5 1.01 Background AURN Bristol St Urban 27.9 27.3 1.02 Paul’s Background Average 1.01

Real Time Monitoring Site 463 – Fishponds Road Site Site Type Annual Mean Period Mean Ratio AURN Newport Urban 21.7 20.4 1.06 Background AURN Bristol St Urban 27.9 25.4 1.10 Paul’s Background Average 1.08

QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring The Council’s monitoring network is operated and run by officers trained in all aspects of the monitoring processes including routine site operations, field calibrations and data ratification. The QA/QC for the AURN Bristol St Pauls site is carried out by Ricardo-AEA.

Routine Site Operations The Council’s monitoring sites have a programme of routine operational checks and programmed fortnightly site visits including:

 Daily communications checks on lines, data transfer and analyser operation;  Daily checks of data quality;  Repairs of faulty equipment under arrangements with outside contractors;  Fortnightly site inspections of equipment operational status, site safety, security and calibration checks;  Planned six monthly servicing and re-calibration of analysers by equipment suppliers under contract to the Council.

LAQM USA 2015 92 Bristol City Council

Equipment Servicing and Maintenance Regimes Analysers have planned maintenance schedules that broadly follow those assigned to the AURN and affiliated site network. All analysers are maintained following manufacturers’ instructions and have six monthly full service and re-calibration conducted under servicing contract. During 2014 this contract was fulfilled by Supporting U Ltd, however, as outlined previously, the poor service and eventual liquidation of this company resulted in higher than normal data losses throughout 2014. BCC’s internal data ratification procedures have been used to ensure that the reported data is valid and meets the required standards. Results of the servicing, calibrations and repairs that were carried out by Supporting U are fully documented and stored centrally. BCC staff carries out routine maintenance of during regular fortnightly site visits where all associated equipment such as sample lines, modem, and electrical system are examined and sample inlet filters are changed. Any faults, repairs or changes made to the equipment are also recorded and stored centrally and at analyser locations.

Calibration Methods The calibration procedures are the same for all the Council’s continuous analysers, with a two point zero/span calibration check being performed at regular intervals of two weeks. The methodology for the calibration procedure being derived from the manufacturers’ instruction handbooks and from the AURN Site Operator’s Manuals, as follows:

 Pre-calibration check - the site condition and status of the analyser is recorded prior to the zero/span check being conducted;  Zero check – the response of the analyser to the absence of the gas being monitored;  Span check – the response of the analyser to the presence of the gas of a known concentration;  Post calibration check - the site condition and status of the analyser upon completion of all checks.

Each analyser zero/span check is fully documented with records being kept centrally using Google Docs. Diagnostics data is recorded automatically through Envista ARM.

LAQM USA 2015 93 Bristol City Council

Calibration factors are calculated in Google Docs and are used in the scaling and ratification process.

Analyser Calibration A two point calibration is conducted on Bristol City Council analysers with a reference NO mixture at a concentration of approximately 470ppb. Gases are supplied and certified by BOC.

Zero Air Generation The contents of the portable scrubber (hopcalite, activated charcoal, purafil and drierite) are changed when necessary or at least every six months.

QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring

WASP Results Lab 830 Round 121 onwards Round 121 122 123 124 Tube 1 (µg NO2) 0.999 2.38 1.56 0.98 Tube 2 (µg NO2) 1.381 2.34 1.48 2.50 Tube 3 (µg NO2) 1.418 1.45 1.46 2.52 Tube 4 (µg NO2) 0.984 1.45 1.48 1.00

Spike tube 1 (µg NO2) 0.999 2.38 1.56 Spike tube 2 (µg NO2) 1.381 2.34 1.48 Spike tube 3 (µg NO2) 1.418 1.45 1.46 Spike tube 4 (µg NO2) 0.984 1.45 1.48

Z Score tube 1 0.1 1.8 -0.46 1.15 Z Score tube 2 0.1 1.73 -2.14 1.59 Z Score tube 3 0.5 1.88 -1.36 1.66 Z Score tube 4 -0.1 2.05 -2.15 1.56

Performance classification Satisfactory Satisfactory Questionable Satisfactory General Classification of a ZSCORE: Satisfactory =< +/- 2 Questionable > +/- 2 and =< +/- 3 Unsatisfactory > +/- 3

LAQM USA 2015 94 Bristol City Council Appendix B: Monthly Diffusion Tube Dataset

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 2 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 82.2 2 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 56.7 2 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 76.5 2 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 84.7 2 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 62.6 2 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 88.6 2 31/07/2014 25/08/2014 86.0 2 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 65.8 2 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 63.5 2 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 72.5 2 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 63.6 2 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 80.9 3 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 43.3 3 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 33.7 3 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 47.6 3 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 44.1 3 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 37.8 3 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 43.9 3 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 33.8 3 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 25.3 3 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 46.9 3 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 35.1 3 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 44.7 3 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 37.4 4 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 59.7 4 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 54.8 4 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 61.0 4 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 61.4 4 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 54.4 4 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 65.7 4 02/07/2014 29/07/2014 56.0 4 29/07/2014 25/08/2014 55.0 4 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 62.2 4 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 59.1 4 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 75.3 4 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 63.9 5 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 44.0 5 04/02/2014 07/03/2014 32.7 5 07/03/2014 02/04/2014 53.7 5 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 61.9 5 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 45.9 5 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 53.8 5 29/07/2014 25/08/2014 60.6 5 02/07/2014 29/07/2014 57.7 5 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 52.2 5 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 51.4 5 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 48.5 5 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 57.8 6 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 48.1 6 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 31.6 6 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 38.5 6 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 34.1 6 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 24.8 6 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 24.8

LAQM USA 2015 95 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 6 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 28.3 6 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 27.3 6 27/08/2014 01/10/2014 32.0 6 01/10/2014 28/10/2014 29.6 6 28/10/2014 02/12/2014 37.0 6 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 41.3 7 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 31.2 7 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 25.4 7 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 36.9 7 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 33.4 7 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 21.0 7 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 34.4 7 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 20.8 7 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 25.0 7 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 34.6 7 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 30.5 7 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 36.6 7 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 35.3 8 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 29.4 8 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 20.8 8 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 16.9 8 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 27.4 8 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 20.2 8 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 24.8 8 02/07/2014 29/07/2014 18.2 8 29/07/2014 25/08/2014 17.4 8 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 29.4 8 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 21.7 8 27/10/2014 03/12/2014 33.6 8 03/12/2014 05/01/2015 35.0 9 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 68.9 9 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 56.0 9 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 54.3 9 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 56.9 9 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 45.0 9 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 54.1 9 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 46.8 9 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 42.9 9 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 47.9 9 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 53.7 9 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 56.5 9 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 59.8 10 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 68.1 10 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 51.7 10 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 41.6 10 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 65.1 10 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 49.2 10 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 43.5 10 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 53.1 10 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 55.7 10 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 55.3 10 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 46.0 10 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 68.5 10 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 55.5 11 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 64.6 11 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 39.5 11 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 56.9 11 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 60.6

LAQM USA 2015 96 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 11 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 49.1 11 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 49.8 11 31/07/2014 25/08/2014 53.4 11 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 46.6 11 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 53.1 11 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 50.7 11 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 55.0 11 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 57.3 12 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 56.2 12 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 54.4 12 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 55.4 12 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 65.3 12 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 56.0 12 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 50.1 12 31/07/2014 25/08/2014 51.3 12 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 59.0 12 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 56.8 12 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 50.0 12 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 55.5 12 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 59.4 13 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 19.9 13 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 18.1 13 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 18.2 13 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 18.9 13 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 9.7 13 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 17.1 13 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 12.8 13 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 13.4 13 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 17.7 13 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 17.1 13 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 24.7 13 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 24.6 14 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 43.6 14 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 36.3 14 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 37.6 14 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 56.6 14 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 37.7 14 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 40.4 14 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 44.4 14 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 37.5 14 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 53.1 14 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 45.7 14 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 51.4 14 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 42.5 15 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 59.3 15 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 46.2 15 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 55.3 15 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 55.1 15 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 46.9 15 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 42.2 15 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 49.4 15 31/07/2014 25/08/2014 55.2 15 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 54.9 15 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 53.8 15 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 55.3 15 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 59.8 16 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 51.9 16 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 43.6

LAQM USA 2015 97 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 16 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 39.4 16 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 22.1 16 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 28.2 16 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 33.8 16 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 29.0 16 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 30.6 16 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 34.3 16 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 44.8 16 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 45.4 16 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 48.8 17 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 28.8 17 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 21.9 17 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 30.5 17 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 23.1 17 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 18.4 17 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 20.4 17 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 13.1 17 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 14.0 17 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 21.4 17 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 23.1 17 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 35.7 17 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 25.5 18 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 23.2 18 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 18.5 18 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 22.7 18 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 22.6 18 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 16.1 18 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 18.5 18 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 13.2 18 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 10.2 18 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 18.2 18 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 17.1 18 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 28.6 18 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 27.3 19 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 18.7 19 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 24.8 19 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 28.8 19 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 23.5 19 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 16.8 19 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 22.8 19 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 11.6 19 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 17.8 19 27/08/2014 01/10/2014 21.3 19 01/10/2014 27/10/2014 19 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 33.8 19 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 29.1 20 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 70.3 20 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 69.6 20 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 58.9 20 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 85.0 20 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 60.0 20 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 64.8 20 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 69.0 20 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 69.5 20 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 81.0 20 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 81.5 21 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 58.3 21 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 58.8

LAQM USA 2015 98 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 21 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 54.9 21 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 57.6 21 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 45.6 21 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 40.8 21 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 49.5 21 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 56.2 21 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 53.8 21 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 61.4 21 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 54.6 21 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 66.5 22 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 63.9 22 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 60.3 22 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 70.3 22 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 71.8 22 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 54.7 22 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 57.5 22 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 49.0 22 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 50.8 22 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 67.0 22 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 56.9 22 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 63.4 22 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 56.1 23 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 36.8 23 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 50.6 23 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 56.3 23 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 55.9 23 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 45.1 23 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 44.9 23 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 45.6 23 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 43.2 23 27/08/2014 30/09/2014 55.1 23 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 41.3 23 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 52.9 23 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 48.9 81 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 26.4 81 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 22.4 81 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 22.1 81 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 19.0 81 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 14.3 81 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 12.1 81 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 13.8 81 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 10.3 81 29/08/2014 03/10/2014 15.9 81 03/10/2014 29/10/2014 22.0 81 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 23.1 81 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 27.0 99 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 33.6 99 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 27.0 99 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 23.4 99 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 30.5 99 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 23.6 99 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 23.6 99 04/07/2014 28/07/2014 27.1 99 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 26.1 99 25/08/2014 02/10/2014 32.6 99 02/10/2014 27/10/2014 29.6 99 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 41.2 99 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 37.0

LAQM USA 2015 99 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 105 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 10.5 105 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 17.1 105 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 18.3 105 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 22.5 105 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 17.1 105 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 18.6 105 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 14.3 105 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 14.0 105 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 22.1 105 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 11.8 105 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 29.2 105 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 28.4 113 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 56.3 113 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 63.4 113 07/03/2014 02/04/2014 56.4 113 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 64.7 113 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 46.9 113 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 46.1 113 29/07/2014 25/08/2014 49.3 113 02/07/2014 29/07/2014 42.3 113 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 45.7 113 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 55.7 113 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 58.6 113 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 51.6 123 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 66.1 123 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 60.8 123 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 68.2 123 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 66.3 123 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 48.9 123 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 44.6 123 29/07/2014 25/08/2014 57.3 123 02/07/2014 29/07/2014 43.0 123 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 59.1 123 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 64.9 147 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 50.6 147 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 57.4 147 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 77.6 147 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 72.7 147 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 62.1 147 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 63.0 147 31/07/2014 29/08/2014 56.8 147 04/07/2014 31/07/2014 51.1 147 29/08/2014 03/10/2014 58.2 147 03/10/2014 29/10/2014 67.5 147 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 55.8 147 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 71.2 154 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 46.4 154 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 40.5 154 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 52.7 154 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 47.9 154 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 36.6 154 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 33.3 154 04/07/2014 31/07/2014 30.4 154 31/07/2014 29/08/2014 34.7 154 29/08/2014 03/10/2014 42.3 154 03/10/2014 29/10/2014 43.1 154 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 48.4 154 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 46.5

LAQM USA 2015 100 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 155 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 44.3 155 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 42.6 155 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 56.0 155 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 48.8 155 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 39.9 155 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 38.2 155 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 35.1 155 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 32.0 155 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 44.8 155 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 41.2 155 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 45.4 155 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 37.6 156 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 48.5 156 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 35.9 156 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 52.1 156 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 43.5 156 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 24.9 156 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 37.3 156 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 35.0 156 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 31.9 156 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 45.1 156 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 41.2 156 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 55.8 156 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 44.3 157 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 60.8 157 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 59.6 157 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 64.5 157 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 42.0 157 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 56.6 157 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 53.0 157 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 51.6 157 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 48.4 157 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 57.8 157 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 58.3 157 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 57.3 157 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 60.4 159 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 55.5 159 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 51.2 159 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 54.1 159 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 49.7 159 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 39.9 159 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 45.0 159 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 38.9 159 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 39.3 159 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 52.8 159 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 47.2 159 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 55.1 159 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 52.2 161 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 46.3 161 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 46.5 161 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 48.7 161 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 50.7 161 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 39.5 161 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 37.5 161 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 37.5 161 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 36.7 161 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 43.3 161 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 48.6

LAQM USA 2015 101 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 161 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 47.9 161 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 55.9 163 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 42.2 163 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 40.0 163 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 43.0 163 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 45.8 163 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 38.0 163 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 35.6 163 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 33.9 163 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 40.4 163 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 43.8 163 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 46.0 163 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 50.9 163 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 50.1 175 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 55.8 175 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 39.7 175 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 51.9 175 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 61.6 175 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 49.3 175 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 52.8 175 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 60.3 175 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 60.2 175 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 57.0 175 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 60.3 175 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 64.3 175 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 60.8 239 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 78.9 239 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 71.1 239 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 71.8 239 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 85.4 239 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 63.9 239 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 72.9 239 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 80.8 239 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 80.3 242 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 52.0 242 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 54.3 242 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 63.2 242 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 71.4 242 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 60.3 242 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 51.3 242 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 59.6 242 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 69.7 242 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 61.3 242 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 61.9 242 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 66.6 254 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 61.9 254 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 59.6 254 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 56.4 254 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 56.5 254 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 49.9 254 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 50.3 254 31/07/2014 29/08/2014 49.1 254 04/07/2014 31/07/2014 53.2 254 29/08/2014 03/10/2014 52.6 254 03/10/2014 29/10/2014 63.3 254 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 54.8 254 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 64.2 260 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 57.7

LAQM USA 2015 102 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 260 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 48.7 260 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 49.8 260 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 51.0 260 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 46.9 260 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 43.7 260 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 49.4 260 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 46.6 260 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 47.5 260 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 53.6 260 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 55.6 260 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 53.8 261 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 60.0 261 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 47.5 261 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 58.6 261 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 59.3 261 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 48.8 261 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 48.3 261 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 58.7 261 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 47.7 261 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 57.7 261 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 49.7 261 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 60.1 261 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 63.3 263 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 39.9 263 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 44.6 263 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 41.7 263 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 36.3 263 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 22.2 263 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 36.6 263 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 26.2 263 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 30.4 263 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 35.0 263 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 42.8 263 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 44.1 263 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 42.8 295 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 78.3 295 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 71.5 295 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 61.2 295 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 63.8 295 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 49.0 295 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 57.1 295 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 60.6 295 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 50.2 295 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 58.7 295 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 71.5 295 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 66.5 295 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 75.9 297 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 44.0 297 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 36.5 297 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 42.4 297 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 40.0 297 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 34.6 297 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 30.4 297 27/08/2014 01/10/2014 39.5 297 01/10/2014 28/10/2014 31.2 300 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 43.6 300 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 27.7 300 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 46.9

LAQM USA 2015 103 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 300 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 49.7 300 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 46.5 300 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 46.0 300 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 47.1 300 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 44.0 300 29/08/2014 03/10/2014 44.5 300 03/10/2014 29/10/2014 51.3 300 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 48.3 300 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 57.0 303 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 52.1 303 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 44.0 303 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 26.2 303 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 57.2 303 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 48.2 303 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 45.4 303 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 45.1 303 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 43.0 303 29/08/2014 03/10/2014 45.9 303 03/10/2014 29/10/2014 49.0 303 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 54.2 303 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 56.9 305 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 40.9 305 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 38.0 305 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 41.3 305 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 33.4 305 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 32.9 305 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 30.1 305 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 30.4 305 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 31.4 305 27/08/2014 01/10/2014 39.5 305 01/10/2014 28/10/2014 39.1 305 28/10/2014 02/12/2014 45.5 305 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 43.6 307 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 51.6 307 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 38.6 307 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 46.9 307 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 46.3 307 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 37.4 307 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.1 307 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 24.6 307 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 29.6 307 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 45.3 307 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 41.1 307 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 55.6 307 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 44.2 311 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 53.6 311 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 43.9 311 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 50.5 311 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 48.6 311 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 49.0 311 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 41.2 311 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 19.0 311 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 40.9 311 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 57.8 311 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 50.3 311 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 53.5 311 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 55.9 312 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 40.8

LAQM USA 2015 104 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 312 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 40.1 312 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 47.2 312 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 41.5 312 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 25.2 312 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.6 312 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 28.8 312 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 31.9 312 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 39.3 312 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 43.3 312 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 50.2 312 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 50.7 314 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 55.5 314 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 52.5 314 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 47.8 314 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 42.5 314 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 37.9 314 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 36.0 314 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 42.8 314 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 49.0 314 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 57.1 318 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 106.1 318 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 104.1 318 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 95.4 318 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 94.5 318 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 94.6 318 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 105.4 318 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 92.6 318 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 75.0 318 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 106.0 318 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 111.9 318 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 100.0 318 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 102.0 318 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 102.4 318 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 98.8 318 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 82.6 318 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 78.6 318 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 75.9 318 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 70.8 318 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 73.4 318 31/07/2014 25/08/2014 89.2 318 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 77.1 318 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 70.0 318 31/07/2014 25/08/2014 102.0 318 31/07/2014 25/08/2014 95.3 318 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 98.8 318 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 100.1 318 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 100.9 318 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 118.0 318 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 112.0 318 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 107.2 318 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 112.1 318 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 109.1 318 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 103.6 318 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 108.6 318 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 101.5 318 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 97.7 320 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 43.4 320 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 44.0

LAQM USA 2015 105 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 320 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 39.7 320 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 32.0 320 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 33.4 320 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 33.8 320 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 37.4 320 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 25.4 320 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 35.5 320 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 33.9 320 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 33.7 320 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 30.8 320 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 27.0 320 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 29.8 320 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 25.6 320 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 31.3 320 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 30.6 320 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 30.6 320 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 26.7 320 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 34.3 320 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 26.8 320 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 32.5 320 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 30.6 320 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 26.8 320 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 32.8 320 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 31.6 320 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 31.9 320 30/09/2014 29/10/2014 34.3 320 30/09/2014 29/10/2014 26.9 320 30/09/2014 29/10/2014 32.0 320 29/10/2014 01/12/2014 38.2 320 29/10/2014 01/12/2014 39.2 320 29/10/2014 01/12/2014 40.6 320 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 41.6 320 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 43.6 320 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 39.4 321 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 27.3 325 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 59.8 325 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 49.6 325 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 56.4 325 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 59.3 325 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 49.2 325 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 41.6 325 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 45.6 325 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 45.4 325 29/08/2014 03/10/2014 59.9 325 03/10/2014 29/10/2014 62.1 325 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 58.3 325 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 61.2 363 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 49.7 363 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 46.3 363 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 29.7 363 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 45.8 363 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 33.4 363 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.2 363 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 41.3 363 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 31.3 363 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 47.5 363 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 48.3 363 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 50.5

LAQM USA 2015 106 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 363 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 56.5 365 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 41.0 365 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 48.2 365 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 49.4 365 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 31.4 365 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 34.6 365 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 30.8 365 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 31.8 365 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 27.9 365 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 44.2 370 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 36.9 370 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 42.6 370 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 46.7 370 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 42.9 370 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 31.1 370 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 36.0 370 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 24.9 370 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 33.1 370 27/08/2014 30/09/2014 42.6 370 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 41.0 370 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 51.3 370 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 52.5 371 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 52.7 371 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 33.7 371 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 50.3 371 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 51.3 371 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 35.2 371 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 40.1 371 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 41.9 371 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 39.7 371 27/08/2014 30/09/2014 50.0 371 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 46.8 371 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 56.8 371 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 60.4 373 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 49.7 373 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 50.3 373 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 41.8 373 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.1 373 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 32.8 373 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 48.8 373 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 50.6 373 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 48.6 374 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 67.4 374 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 43.6 374 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 62.0 374 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 62.8 374 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 50.5 374 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 35.3 374 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 41.0 374 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 53.1 374 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 56.6 374 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 85.3 374 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 61.8 396 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 29.3 396 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 31.3 396 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 38.2 396 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 37.3 396 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 29.5

LAQM USA 2015 107 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 396 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 30.4 396 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 30.6 396 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 27.0 396 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 39.4 396 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 33.6 396 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 34.7 396 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 39.4 397 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 33.2 397 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 31.5 397 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 23.1 397 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 24.3 397 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 29.2 397 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 35.0 397 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 31.5 397 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 31.2 397 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 32.7 397 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 30.2 397 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 34.3 397 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 35.4 398 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 38.2 398 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 38.4 398 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 41.6 398 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 27.0 398 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 25.8 398 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 34.0 398 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 24.8 398 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 26.0 398 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 36.5 398 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 40.6 398 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 48.0 398 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 34.8 403 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 61.2 403 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 35.5 403 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 46.5 403 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 45.1 403 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 31.2 403 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.4 403 02/07/2014 29/07/2014 35.9 403 29/07/2014 25/08/2014 38.9 403 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 38.3 403 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 39.9 403 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 57.2 403 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 42.6 405 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 64.5 405 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 55.6 405 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 61.1 405 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 61.3 405 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 53.2 405 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 47.8 405 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 47.7 405 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 45.0 405 27/08/2014 01/10/2014 54.3 405 01/10/2014 27/10/2014 56.3 405 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 61.3 405 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 58.9 406 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 39.2 406 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 32.9 406 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 45.7

LAQM USA 2015 108 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 406 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 41.2 406 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 36.1 406 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 36.1 406 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 32.8 406 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 33.9 406 27/08/2014 01/10/2014 37.8 406 01/10/2014 27/10/2014 36.0 406 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 38.2 406 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 44.6 407 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 60.2 407 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 32.5 407 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 60.2 407 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 58.9 407 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 39.2 407 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 47.1 407 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 36.6 407 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 35.8 407 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 47.6 407 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 51.6 407 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 55.9 407 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 46.5 413 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 41.6 413 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 25.2 413 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 49.8 413 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 46.1 413 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 37.8 413 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 44.0 413 29/07/2014 25/08/2014 44.5 413 02/07/2014 29/07/2014 40.3 413 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 44.4 413 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 37.7 413 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 45.5 413 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 44.1 417 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 48.1 417 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 41.8 417 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 50.4 417 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 38.2 417 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 41.6 417 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 43.9 417 02/07/2014 29/07/2014 38.7 417 29/07/2014 25/08/2014 39.7 417 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 42.6 417 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 41.2 417 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 51.0 417 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 55.5 418 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 90.2 418 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 80.1 418 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 76.2 418 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 80.2 418 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 60.9 418 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 69.6 418 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 63.2 418 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 77.6 418 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 65.7 418 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 71.3 418 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 81.3 418 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 66.4 419 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 77.5

LAQM USA 2015 109 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 419 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 58.6 419 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 60.6 419 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 64.2 419 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 51.5 419 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 52.0 419 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 54.7 419 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 60.1 419 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 56.9 419 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 66.9 419 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 70.4 419 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 64.8 420 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 49.1 420 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 37.0 420 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 43.8 420 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 42.8 420 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 33.3 420 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.0 420 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 28.5 420 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 32.6 420 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 42.9 420 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 38.0 420 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 49.4 420 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 49.5 422 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 47.2 422 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 39.4 422 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 41.0 422 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 40.5 422 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 28.6 422 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 31.9 422 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 28.7 422 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 31.1 422 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 36.9 422 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 39.1 422 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 42.8 423 09/01/2014 04/02/2014 61.8 423 04/02/2014 07/03/2014 47.1 423 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 23.9 423 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 44.8 423 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 41.0 423 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 48.6 423 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 43.0 423 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 41.7 423 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 42.6 423 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 51.7 423 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 44.0 423 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 55.7 425 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 63.1 425 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 49.2 425 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 46.9 425 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 425 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 425 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 30.5 426 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 51.9 426 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 41.5 426 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 40.7 426 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 37.1 426 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 28.2 426 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 32.2

LAQM USA 2015 110 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 426 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 27.3 426 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 25.5 426 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 36.7 426 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 44.3 426 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 41.8 429 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 77.0 429 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 83.3 429 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 59.8 429 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 63.7 429 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 49.7 429 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 56.3 429 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 55.0 429 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 54.6 429 27/08/2014 02/10/2014 44.8 429 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 50.6 429 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 59.3 436 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 46.3 436 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 37.3 436 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 45.4 436 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 46.3 436 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 34.2 436 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.8 436 02/07/2014 31/07/2014 32.9 436 31/07/2014 27/08/2014 41.9 436 27/08/2014 01/10/2014 42.9 436 01/10/2014 28/10/2014 37.4 436 28/10/2014 02/12/2014 45.3 436 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 48.5 438 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 55.0 438 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 60.2 438 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 55.7 438 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 51.8 438 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 50.4 438 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 49.6 438 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 45.9 438 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 51.4 438 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 49.1 438 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 48.1 438 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 50.6 438 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 55.1 438 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 38.7 438 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 40.5 438 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 42.2 438 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 42.7 438 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 42.4 438 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 41.6 438 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 41.3 438 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 47.0 438 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 39.9 438 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 44.3 438 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 47.7 438 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 43.1 438 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 38.8 438 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 41.9 438 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 41.2 438 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 50.3 438 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 53.1 438 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 48.9

LAQM USA 2015 111 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 438 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 53.4 438 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 53.2 438 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 51.1 438 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 48.3 438 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 54.8 438 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 52.0 439 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 54.0 439 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 49.9 439 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 50.8 439 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 41.6 439 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 47.8 439 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 45.6 439 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 51.0 439 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 46.2 439 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 50.8 439 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 48.1 439 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 49.7 439 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 48.8 439 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 43.1 439 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 41.1 439 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 42.4 439 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 42.9 439 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 41.2 439 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 43.3 439 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 41.4 439 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 45.2 439 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 40.4 439 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 41.2 439 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 42.4 439 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 42.9 439 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 46.8 439 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 43.2 439 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 46.3 439 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 41.1 439 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 42.6 439 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 42.1 439 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 51.8 439 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 49.4 439 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 46.6 439 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 48.3 439 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 42.1 439 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 50.1 441 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 65.4 441 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 60.8 441 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 64.9 441 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 61.7 441 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 63.0 441 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 61.7 441 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 56.2 441 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 50.8 441 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 56.3 441 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 65.4 441 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 441 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 57.2 441 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 45.7 441 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 49.4 441 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 51.2 441 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 58.9

LAQM USA 2015 112 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 441 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 58.4 441 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 58.4 441 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 53.2 441 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 52.9 441 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 51.0 441 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 48.9 441 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 43.0 441 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 40.8 441 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 48.1 441 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 50.5 441 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 49.2 441 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 55.8 441 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 58.4 441 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 55.3 441 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 54.9 441 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 52.1 441 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 51.1 441 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 51.5 441 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 54.5 441 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 54.6 455 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 34.9 455 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 36.8 455 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 38.9 455 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 27.1 455 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 33.1 455 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 32.9 455 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 36.5 455 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 36.0 455 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 37.3 455 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 31.2 455 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 31.6 455 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 31.7 455 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 21.3 455 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 18.3 455 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 18.7 455 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 24.3 455 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 23.5 455 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 28.3 455 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 24.0 455 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 23.2 455 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 20.5 455 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 23.8 455 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 23.1 455 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 19.9 455 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 27.1 455 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 27.4 455 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 27.7 455 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 28.3 455 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 30.8 455 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 28.7 455 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 37.4 455 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 36.4 455 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 36.1 455 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 37.1 455 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 39.6 455 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 35.7 461 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 29.6 461 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 35.8

LAQM USA 2015 113 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 461 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 44.6 461 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 38.4 461 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 34.3 461 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 35.0 461 30/07/2014 27/08/2014 31.4 461 02/07/2014 30/07/2014 35.7 461 27/08/2014 30/09/2014 42.0 461 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 461 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 39.1 461 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 42.3 462 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 36.1 462 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 30.6 462 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 32.6 462 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 30.4 462 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 25.6 462 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 30.6 462 30/07/2014 27/08/2014 23.7 462 02/07/2014 30/07/2014 29.6 462 27/08/2014 30/09/2014 35.4 462 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 31.3 462 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 36.0 462 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 39.6 464 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 46.3 464 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 45.5 464 10/01/2014 07/02/2014 41.8 464 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 43.5 464 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 46.6 464 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 44.0 464 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 43.8 464 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 49.1 464 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 46.3 464 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 37.9 464 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 40.6 464 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 41.5 464 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 34.2 464 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 35.1 464 30/05/2014 04/07/2014 31.2 464 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 34.1 464 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 38.7 464 02/05/2014 30/05/2014 38.2 464 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 19.0 464 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 25.8 464 04/07/2014 30/07/2014 25.7 464 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 31.6 464 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 30.5 464 30/07/2014 29/08/2014 34.5 464 29/08/2014 03/10/2014 40.1 464 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 36.0 464 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 38.6 464 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 38.3 464 03/10/2014 29/10/2014 41.3 464 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 38.0 464 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 46.5 464 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 46.1 464 29/10/2014 04/12/2014 45.3 464 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 44.5 464 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 44.6 464 04/12/2014 08/01/2015 43.4

LAQM USA 2015 114 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 466 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 51.1 466 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 38.0 466 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 44.2 466 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 43.0 466 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 32.1 466 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 41.2 466 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 32.3 466 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 36.2 466 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 44.0 466 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 50.0 466 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 41.8 467 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 42.2 467 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 28.4 467 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 40.0 467 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 37.9 467 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 32.4 467 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 35.2 467 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 28.6 467 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 32.3 467 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 39.9 467 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 31.7 467 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 43.1 467 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 38.7 469 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 44.3 469 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 32.5 469 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 34.7 469 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 40.3 469 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 30.1 469 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 37.4 469 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 28.5 469 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 37.8 469 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 41.9 469 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 41.3 469 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 49.0 469 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 49.2 470 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 43.6 470 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 31.4 470 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 43.2 470 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 36.9 470 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 25.3 470 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 40.0 470 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 36.0 470 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 34.1 470 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 42.0 470 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 32.9 470 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 43.0 470 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 48.9 472 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 84.2 472 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 42.2 472 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 39.9 472 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 53.8 472 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 44.2 472 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 48.8 472 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 33.2 472 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 41.1 472 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 49.6 472 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 49.4 472 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 56.6

LAQM USA 2015 115 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 472 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 47.1 473 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 48.2 473 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 37.5 473 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 46.5 473 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 46.0 473 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 43.0 473 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.8 473 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 40.0 473 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 44.2 473 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 48.5 473 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 40.2 473 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 45.4 473 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 52.0 474 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 48.4 474 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 36.2 474 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 47.9 474 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 25.8 474 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 32.7 474 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 38.3 474 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 31.5 474 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 26.3 474 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 45.1 474 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 43.5 474 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 49.8 474 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 41.5 478 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 36.6 478 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 32.1 478 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 44.0 478 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 40.8 478 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 44.2 478 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 40.2 478 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 37.4 478 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 32.5 478 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 38.7 478 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 35.2 478 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 44.9 478 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 39.7 479 07/01/2014 04/02/2014 41.0 479 04/02/2014 04/03/2014 29.9 479 04/03/2014 02/04/2014 40.2 479 02/04/2014 01/05/2014 34.8 479 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 30.4 479 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 31.9 479 02/07/2014 28/07/2014 29.0 479 28/07/2014 25/08/2014 27.0 479 25/08/2014 30/09/2014 32.8 479 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 34.2 479 27/10/2014 01/12/2014 47.1 479 01/12/2014 05/01/2015 41.0 482 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 41.4 482 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 35.2 482 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 47.8 482 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 41.3 482 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 31.0 482 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 39.4 482 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 33.5 482 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 27.5 482 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 39.1

LAQM USA 2015 116 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 482 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 42.6 482 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 45.3 482 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 43.1 483 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 48.2 483 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 40.1 483 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 28.2 483 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 41.2 483 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 37.7 483 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 37.8 483 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 33.1 483 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 33.7 483 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 45.2 483 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 48.4 483 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 47.0 483 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 44.6 485 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 39.7 485 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 33.9 485 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 38.8 485 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 40.5 485 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 31.0 485 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 38.2 485 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 34.3 485 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 33.6 485 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 39.6 485 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 36.8 485 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 39.3 485 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 50.2 486 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 32.5 486 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 37.4 486 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 46.8 486 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 46.2 486 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 38.0 486 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 40.2 486 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 35.5 486 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 36.3 486 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 37.7 486 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 36.3 486 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 51.1 487 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 59.0 487 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 56.7 487 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 55.9 487 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 53.7 487 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 40.3 487 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 49.2 487 02/07/2014 30/07/2014 39.7 487 30/07/2014 27/08/2014 45.3 487 27/08/2014 30/09/2014 44.2 487 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 57.1 487 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 61.5 487 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 55.6 488 07/01/2014 06/02/2014 49.9 488 06/02/2014 07/03/2014 44.0 488 07/03/2014 03/04/2014 30.2 488 03/04/2014 01/05/2014 48.8 488 28/05/2014 02/07/2014 33.7 488 01/05/2014 28/05/2014 47.1 488 02/07/2014 30/07/2014 34.7 488 30/07/2014 27/08/2014 41.9

LAQM USA 2015 117 Bristol City Council

Tube I.D. Date On Date Off NO2 µg/m3 488 27/08/2014 30/09/2014 49.5 488 30/09/2014 27/10/2014 45.2 488 27/10/2014 02/12/2014 48.1 488 02/12/2014 05/01/2015 50.5 489 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 27.3 489 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 27.6 489 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 43.2 489 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 40.1 489 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 41.6 489 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 34.0 489 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 33.5 489 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 41.4 489 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 38.0 489 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 38.0 489 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 47.2 490 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 30.6 490 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 29.6 490 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 30.3 490 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 29.3 490 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 32.4 490 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 26.8 490 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 29.2 490 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 31.7 490 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 31.6 490 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 33.4 490 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 42.5 491 09/01/2014 07/02/2014 25.8 491 07/02/2014 07/03/2014 28.1 491 03/04/2014 02/05/2014 36.6 491 28/05/2014 04/07/2014 27.7 491 02/05/2014 28/05/2014 37.1 491 29/07/2014 29/08/2014 30.3 491 04/07/2014 29/07/2014 27.5 491 29/08/2014 02/10/2014 38.3 491 02/10/2014 29/10/2014 35.9 491 29/10/2014 03/12/2014 44.6 491 03/12/2014 08/01/2015 40.7

LAQM USA 2015 118