DOCSLIB.ORG

Desk Reference 1 (Recovered)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Desk Reference 1 (Recovered) 200 YEARS IN THE MAKING Guiding Questions Growth and 5 Change 1. Which nineteenth century antebellum new technologies led to growth and change in Louisiana? 2. How did migration and immigration affect antebellum Louisiana? he period following the War of T 3. How was the port of New Orleans 1812 brought growth and important to Louisiana and the United progress to Louisiana. States? Post-War Changes sugar production even more and frontier society. New profitable. Throughout this Orleans was already one of the The War of 1812 and the period, Spain’s control in the largest cities in the United Battle of New Orleans ended America’s diminished, States, and it had one of the the British threat to the United opening the door for Mexico to largest ports. In other areas of States as well as to New declare independence and for Louisiana, small towns and Orleans and the Mississippi the United States to pursue its settlements began developing River. The years following the boundary claims to the the basics of urban life. 1814 Treaty of Ghent saw southeast and southwest of improvements in transportation Louisiana. and agricultural technology During the early that revolutionized river travel statehood period, Louisiana Below: One Hundred Dollar Bill and trade and made cotton and was changing from a colonial Planter’s Bank, New Orleans, 1817. Randy Haynie Family Collection DCRT Education, www.crt.state.la.us/education 69 first steamboat to come down the Mississippi arrived in the Crescent City in 1812. By the 1850s, around 3,000 steamboats docked at New Orleans each year. Although most transportation in antebellum Louisiana was by water, residents also traveled and traded by overland road and railroad. The Pontchartrain Railroad was the second Above: Nouvelle Orleans/Nueva completed in the United States. Orleans The Port of New Orleans were offloaded and stored in It began operation in 1831, T. H. Miller warehouses or transferred carrying passengers and goods c. 1850 between the Mississippi River Louisiana State Museum directly to oceangoing vessels and shipped to the Northeast, and Lake Pontchartrain in New STUDENT ACTIVITY Europe, and the Caribbean. Orleans. A few years later Ask students to research how Robert Fulton and Henry Shreve In reverse, manufactured and developers of the West contributed to Louisiana’s luxury goods, salt, coffee, Feliciana Railroad began antebellum growth and change. West Indian and Brazilian building a line between sugar, gold and silver, and a Woodville, Mississippi, and St. wide variety of items entered Francisville, Louisiana. Trade and Travel Railroad travel was not always the city from foreign and Antebellum New United States ports. They were reliable, and passengers Orleans was the transfer point distributed in New Orleans or traveling to New Orleans from for American and foreign shipped upriver. Lake Borgne on the Mexican goods, and most of the goods During most of the Gulf Railroad often arrived that passed into and out of antebellum period New with clothes muddy from their Louisiana and the entire Orleans was the second efforts to lift the train back Mississippi Valley region leading port in the United onto the track. came through New Orleans. States, behind New York City. Wheat, corn, lard, pork, furs In the 1840s, it was the fourth Small Farmers leading commercial center in and hides, whiskey, hemp, and The Louisiana the world in value of exports. lead from the upper Midwest countryside was dotted with a Between 1830 and 1860, the as well as cotton, sugar, variety of landholdings value of the city's exports rose molasses, and tobacco from ranging from several-hundred- from $15.5 to $110 million the South flowed down the acre sugar plantations to one- while the value of its imports Mississippi River and its or two-acre vegetable farms. rose from $7.5 to $18.5 tributaries on steamboats, There were also a growing million. flatboats, and keelboats to number of cotton plantations Most river trade was New Orleans. These products as well as a few tobacco conducted by steamboat. The 70 DCRT Education, www.crt.state.la.us/education Right: Acadian Cabin near Bayou Teche, circa 1800 Evangeline-Longfellow State Historic Site www.crt.state.la.us/parks/ ilongfell.aspx Acadians, Creoles, American Indians, Africans, free people of color, Frenchmen, and Spaniards all contributed to the historical tradition of cultural diversity in the Teche region. plantations, livestock ranches, and grain farms. In the piney woods and hill country of northern Louisiana and on the prairies of the southwest there small land holdings and smaller holdings usually had at were small subsistence farms consolidated them into large least one enslaved carpenter or on which families produced plantations. The largest blacksmith. only enough for their own plantation complexes were needs. self-sufficient in that enslaved Louisiana Planters Many of Louisiana's Africans produced and small farmers and ranchers manufactured most of the Louisiana's planters, were Acadians (also known as food, clothing, and goods both white and free people of Cajuns), Germans, Isleños, needed on the plantation. Even color, were among the Anglo-Americans, blacks, and American Indians. They generally raised just enough Below: Maison Olivier Creole Plantation near Bayou Teche, circa 1800 food and livestock, Evangeline-Longfellow State Historic Site manufactured clothing and other items, fished, and hunted game for their own consumption. In addition, they sold any surplus goods, as well as small quantities of cash crops—like cotton, sugar, rice, and tobacco—in neighboring towns and cities. When sugar and cotton became profitable in the nineteenth century, planters and real estate speculators purchased several adjacent DCRT Education, www.crt.state.la.us/education 71 Left: Cotton Gin Louisiana produced from one- Louisiana State Museum quarter to one-half of all sugar consumed in the United States. Louisiana's sugar harvest rose from 5,000 hogsheads (a large barrel that held an average of 1,000 pounds of sugar) in 1802 to 30,000 in 1823; 75,000 in 1833; and peaked in 1853 at 449,000. Sugar prices were highest in 1858, when hogsheads sold for an average price of $69 each, bringing the total value of Louisiana's sugar crop to $25 million. wealthiest in the South. Most labor force for the entire Population Groups planters poured profits back household, directing the into their plantations, while upkeep of all plantation Native Americans spending at least some of their buildings and the production, Numerous and earnings on luxurious purchase, and distribution of significant Native American consumer goods. Fine food and clothing. nations resided within furniture, tableware, artwork, Louisiana’s state boundaries in clothes, and jewelry added to Cotton and Sugar 1812. The Caddo Nation the planter family's comfort Cotton was king in resided on the northern Red and allowed them to show off Louisiana and most of the River region in the 1810s. their wealth to friends and Deep South during the They had been one of the most business associates. The antebellum period. Between powerful and influential tribes wealthiest planters also kept 1840 and 1860, Louisiana's in the American South during houses in New Orleans, where annual cotton crop rose from the French and Spanish they stayed during the winter about 375,000 bales to nearly colonial periods. With the cultural season. 800,000 bales. In 1860, influx of American settlers and Although men owned Louisiana produced about one- planters into northwest and controlled most large sixth of all cotton grown in the Louisiana after 1803, the holdings in Louisiana and United States and almost one- Caddo agreed to leave throughout the South, women third of all cotton exported Louisiana for Texas and contributed significantly to the from the United States, most of Oklahoma by the 1830s. In daily operation of plantations which went to Britain and 1835, the Kadohadacho band and frequently ran them in France. sold the rights to their land in their husbands' absences. Almost all the sugar Caddo Parish at a site that While the landowner or his grown in the United States became the town of Shreveport representative supervised the during the antebellum period in 1839. enslaved workers in the fields, came from Louisiana. In the lower Red River his wife managed the domestic valley of central Louisiana, the 72 DCRT Education, www.crt.state.la.us/education Tunica and Biloxi resided as Right: Self-Portrait, Julien Hudson separate nations, and eventually 1839 merged in Avoyelles Parish to Louisiana State Museum form one of Louisiana’s four Julien Hudson, a free man of federally recognized Indian color, had a successful career as nations. The Choctaw nation a painter and an art teacher. His father was an English merchant, resided largely in southwest and his mother was a free Mississippi, but in the 1800s, woman of color from New bands, including the Jena band, Orleans. Hudson was one of many free men of color during migrated west to Louisiana for the antebellum period who safety and isolation. The worked as professional artists, writers, and musicians in New Coushatta (Koasati) migrated to Orleans. southwest Louisiana in the early 1800s. The Chitimacha Nation had endured a war against France over their lands in the early 1700s and had withdrawn to the isolated Atchafalaya River citizens. With the basin in the 1800s for protection. Americanization of Louisiana and the Below: Marie Laveau The Houma nation, which Frank Schneider originally resided in the Tunica commercialization of sugar 1912 and cotton production, free Louisiana State Museum Hills north of Baton Rouge, migrated south to Ascension people of color encountered Marie Laveau, a free woman of color, Parish, where they resided before increasing discrimination was born in New Orleans in 1801.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The French Texans
    Texans One and All The French Texans Although a French flag of some sort is represented in “six flags over Tex- as” displays, France never—in any sense of political control or official claims—flew a flag over Texas and never gave her own citizens strong reasons for emigration. However, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, did make one foray west of the drainage of the Mississippi, and General Charles Lallemand did lead a short-lived military colony into East Texas. France, in the New World, was more interested in trade than settlement and was often distracted by continental European problems. The nation was neither equipped for colonial ventures nor had that much interest Revised 2013 in the western Gulf of Mexico. Nevertheless, in 1685 the young Sieur de La Salle landed at Matagorda Bay, Texas, some 600 miles west of his target: the Mississippi River. The few colonists he brought were to found a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi, to which France did have a claim, and thus tie down France's claims that, for a time, stretched from Canada to the Gulf—in theory. Encountering storms and perhaps suffering from bad navigation, the ships found the Spanish coast. Navigation in those days could determine, with an exactness of perhaps 30 miles on a good day, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle position north and south. But the day was not good, and the northern shore of the Gulf of Mexico stretches more east and west. In those days, east and west positions on a rotating globe were hard to determine.
    [Show full text]
  • GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In
    NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Acadiens and Cajuns.Indb
    canadiana oenipontana 9 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Günter Bischof (dirs.) Acadians and Cajuns. The Politics and Culture of French Minorities in North America Acadiens et Cajuns. Politique et culture de minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord innsbruck university press SERIES canadiana oenipontana 9 iup • innsbruck university press © innsbruck university press, 2009 Universität Innsbruck, Vizerektorat für Forschung 1. Auflage Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Umschlag: Gregor Sailer Umschlagmotiv: Herménégilde Chiasson, “Evangeline Beach, an American Tragedy, peinture no. 3“ Satz: Palli & Palli OEG, Innsbruck Produktion: Fred Steiner, Rinn www.uibk.ac.at/iup ISBN 978-3-902571-93-9 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Günter Bischof (dirs.) Acadians and Cajuns. The Politics and Culture of French Minorities in North America Acadiens et Cajuns. Politique et culture de minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord Contents — Table des matières Introduction Avant-propos ....................................................................................................... 7 Ursula Mathis-Moser – Günter Bischof des matières Table — By Way of an Introduction En guise d’introduction ................................................................................... 23 Contents Herménégilde Chiasson Beatitudes – BéatitudeS ................................................................................................. 23 Maurice Basque, Université de Moncton Acadiens, Cadiens et Cajuns: identités communes ou distinctes? ............................ 27 History and Politics Histoire
    [Show full text]
  • The Face of Recovery
    The Face of Recovery The American Red Cross Response to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma Vitality shows in not only the ability to persist but the ability to start over. –– F. Scott Fitzgerald Telling Their Story Two years ago, something terrible happened. “The story of hurricane What took people generations to build, nature destroyed in hours. America watched in shock. And America—in fact, the world— recovery is told one wanted to help. person at a time.” Two years ago, something amazing happened. Nearly a quarter of a million people dropped what they were doing and came to help. People drove night and day from as far away as the state of Washington to help, knowing that when they arrived their only place to sleep might be in the back of a truck. Most did not know anyone in the Gulf. They just wanted to help. Hundreds of thousands more people who could not drop everything sent financial contributions instead. The nonprofit sector was entrusted with more than $3 billion to try to help, of which the American Red Cross received $2.1 billion. That generosity shattered previous records for disaster giving. The work nonprofits did to provide basic needs to evacuees surpassed records as well. The Red Cross relief effort was 20 times bigger than ever before. Approximately 4.5 million people turned to the Red Cross for help. Thanks to the kindness and generosity of our donors and volunteers, they got a warm, safe, dry place to go with their families, food to eat, a sympathetic ear and the means to replace lost clothes, medicines, diapers and other essentials.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical and Linguistic Study of the German Settlement at Roberts Cove, Louisiana
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 A Historical and Linguistic Study of the German Settlement at Roberts Cove, Louisiana. Stanley Joe Mccord Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Mccord, Stanley Joe, "A Historical and Linguistic Study of the German Settlement at Roberts Cove, Louisiana." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1606. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1606 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-253 McCORD, Stanley Joe, 1936- A HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDY OF THE GERMAN SETTLEMENT AT ROBERTS COVE, LOUISIANA. [Portions of Text in German]. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 Language and Literature, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDY OF THE GERMAN SETTLEMENT AT ROBERTS COVE, LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted, to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Foreign Languages fcy Stanley Joe McCord B,A.f Louisiana State University, i960 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1963 May, 1969 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • CAJUNS, CREOLES, PIRATES and PLANTERS Your New Louisiana Ancestors Format Volume 1, Number 18
    CAJUNS, CREOLES, PIRATES AND PLANTERS Your New Louisiana Ancestors Format Volume 1, Number 18 By Damon Veach SIG MEETING: Le Comité des Archives de la Louisiane’s African American Special Interest Group (SIG) will hold a meeting on July 25th, from 9:00 to 11:30 a.m. at the Delta Sigma Theta Life Development Center located at 688 Harding Blvd., next to Subway. The meeting is free and open to the public. Ryan Seidemann, President of the Mid City Historical Cemetery Coalition in Baton Rouge, will speak on Sweet Olive Cemetery. Officially dating back to 1898, Sweet Olive was the first cemetery for blacks incorporated in the Baton Rouge city limits. Burials are, however, believed to have occurred prior to 1898. Members of the group will give short presentations on a variety of African American genealogy topics. Cherryl Forbes Montgomery will discuss how to use Father Hebert’s Southwest Louisiana Records effectively. Barbara Shepherd Dunn will describe how she identified and documented the slave owners of her great grandmother. And, Judy Riffel will speak on the SIG’s efforts to create an East Baton Rouge Parish slave database. Time will be allowed at the end of the program for attendees to share their own genealogical problems and successes and to ask questions. With nearly 600 members, Le Comité is one of the largest genealogical groups in the state today. Its African American Genealogy SIG was formed in 2006 to help people doing African American research in Louisiana have a place to communicate and help one another. The group currently consists of 24 Le Comité members who have begun holding meetings and seminars.
    [Show full text]
  • Negotiating Heritage: Heritage Organizations Amongst the Isleños of St
    University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses 5-15-2009 Negotiating Heritage: Heritage Organizations amongst the Isleños of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana and the Use of Heritage Identity to Overcome the Isleño/Tornero Distinction Jonathan Joseph West University of New Orleans Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Recommended Citation West, Jonathan Joseph, "Negotiating Heritage: Heritage Organizations amongst the Isleños of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana and the Use of Heritage Identity to Overcome the Isleño/Tornero Distinction " (2009). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 960. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/960 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. The uthora is solely responsible for ensuring compliance with copyright. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Negotiating Heritage: Heritage Organizations amongst the Isleños of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana and the Use of Heritage Identity to Overcome the Isleño/Tornero Distinction A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Urban Studies Anthropology by Jonathan Joseph West B.A. University of New Orleans, 2004 May 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Cajun Identity: Cajun Assimilation and the Revitalization of Cajun Culture by Julie Elizabeth Hebert a French Speak
    Identifying Cajun Identity : Cajun Assimilation and the Revitalization of Cajun Culture By Julie Elizabeth Hebert A French speaking people, the Acadians settled first in the area of Canada now known as Nova Scotia. To their settlement, they gave the name Acadie. From then on, people called them Acadians. Content in their forest home, the Acadians did not ask for much from their British and French colonial governments, nor did they wish to be bothered. A people more than happy to be neglected, the Acadians repeatedly came under siege in the wars of empire. Exiled and shipped to multiple destinations, the Acadians found a home in the swamps and bayous of South Louisiana. Here, they once again settled into a life of isolation and contentment. As the exiles adapted to life in America, they and their culture began to evolve. As the young country fought and won its independence, the Acadians established permanent settlements, settlements that remained untouched until the end of the Civil War and the dawning of the twentieth century. With the industrial revolution in full force, the Acadians battled assimilation. In the end, they stood on the brink of cultural annihilation, yet in the end they fought to reclaim their heritage. Cajun culture, a hybrid form of Acadian culture, resulted from this evolution. This is the story of the Cajuns, their assimilation, and their success in reclaiming their culture and their identity. The end of the Civil War marked the beginning of the Cajuns’ battle to resist and reclaim the culture of their ancestors, the Acadians. On April 9, 1865, the Confederate forces under General Robert E.
    [Show full text]
  • A Medley of Cultures: Louisiana History at the Cabildo
    A Medley of Cultures: Louisiana History at the Cabildo Chapter 1 Introduction This book is the result of research conducted for an exhibition on Louisiana history prepared by the Louisiana State Museum and presented within the walls of the historic Spanish Cabildo, constructed in the 1790s. All the words written for the exhibition script would not fit on those walls, however, so these pages augment that text. The exhibition presents a chronological and thematic view of Louisiana history from early contact between American Indians and Europeans through the era of Reconstruction. One of the main themes is the long history of ethnic and racial diversity that shaped Louisiana. Thus, the exhibition—and this book—are heavily social and economic, rather than political, in their subject matter. They incorporate the findings of the "new" social history to examine the everyday lives of "common folk" rather than concentrate solely upon the historical markers of "great white men." In this work I chose a topical, rather than a chronological, approach to Louisiana's history. Each chapter focuses on a particular subject such as recreation and leisure, disease and death, ethnicity and race, or education. In addition, individual chapters look at three major events in Louisiana history: the Battle of New Orleans, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Organization by topic allows the reader to peruse the entire work or look in depth only at subjects of special interest. For readers interested in learning even more about a particular topic, a list of additional readings follows each chapter. Before we journey into the social and economic past of Louisiana, let us look briefly at the state's political history.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 How Slavery Led to the Texas Revolution by Lynn Burnett in The
    CrossCulturalSolidarity.com/how-slavery-led-to-the-texas-revolution/ [email protected] How Slavery Led to the Texas Revolution By Lynn Burnett In the depths of the winter of 1819, three slaves fled a Louisiana plantation. Heading west, they sought freedom across the Sabine River, the border into Spanish Texas. The slave master James Kirkham followed quickly on their heels, hoping to convince Spanish officials to return the people he considered to be his property. Before crossing the Sabine, Kirkham stopped at a tavern, where he met a man named Moses Austin who was also travelling to Texas. Austin was headed to the same destination: San Antonio, where he planned to ask permission from Spanish authorities to settle American families in Texas. Austin believed such settlement would be profitable because the land was excellent for developing a slave-based cotton economy. The slave catcher at the tavern was exactly the kind of man Austin hoped would purchase land in his new settlements. The two men decided to make the long journey to San Antonio together. Austin’s plans were connected to major events in world history. New technology coming out of the British Empire had recently allowed for the mass production of cheap cotton cloth, and the British had begun supplying a voracious global market with fabric that was lighter, softer, more durable, and easier to clean than anything most people had ever had access to. Cotton production quickly became one of the most profitable enterprises in the world. When the War of 1812 ended, hundreds of thousands of White Americans flocked to the territories that would become Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncovering Texas Politics in the 21St Century
    first edition uncovering texas politics st in the 21 century Eric Lopez Marcus Stadelmann Robert E. Sterken Jr. Uncovering Texas Politics in the 21st Century Uncovering Texas Politics in the 21st Century Eric Lopez Marcus Stadelmann Robert E. Sterken Jr. The University of Texas at Tyler PRESS Tyler, Texas The University of Texas at Tyler Michael Tidwell, President Amir Mirmiran, Provost Neil Gray, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences UT Tyler Press Publisher: Lucas Roebuck, Vice President for Marketing Production Supervisor: Olivia Paek, Agency Director Content Coordination: Colleen Swain, Associate Provost for Undergraduate and Online Education Author Liaison: Ashley Bill, Executive Director of Academic Success Editorial Support: Emily Battle, Senior Editorial Specialist Design: Matt Snyder © 2020 The University of Texas at Tyler. All rights reserved. This book may be reproduced in its PDF electronic form for use in an accredited Texas educational institution with permission from the publisher. For permission, visit www.uttyler.edu/press. Use of chapters, sections or other portions of this book for educational purposes must include this copyright statement. All other reproduction of any part of this book, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as expressly permitted by applicable copyright statute or in writing by the publisher, is prohibited. Graphics and images appearing in this book are copyrighted by their respective owners as indicated in captions and used with permission, under fair use laws, or under open source license. ISBN-13 978-1-7333299-2-7 1.1 UT Tyler Press 3900 University Blvd.
    [Show full text]
  • French Language in the Americas: Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana
    Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal Volume 5 Issue 2 Article 4 June 2018 French Language in the Americas: Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana Katelyn Gross University of Minnesota, Morris Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/horizons Part of the French Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Gross, Katelyn (2018) "French Language in the Americas: Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana," Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal: Vol. 5 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/horizons/vol5/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal by an authorized editor of University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gross: French Language in the Americas Katelyn Gross 1 French Language in the Americas: Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana Katelyn Gross The French language underwent many changes between the development of French from Latin, to Old French, and to Middle French. French would continue to develop inside of France thereafter, but the French language would also be exported to other parts of the world and those varieties of French would have their own characteristic changes. French explorers and colonizers moved into the Americas, permanently settling what is today Quebec, many parts of Canada, and Louisiana in the United States. In this paper, I will focus on the linguistic differences between metropolitan France and French spoken in Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana.
    [Show full text]