Objectives & Accreditation

ACTIVITY FORMAT Live

TARGET AUDIENCE This activity is designed to meet the needs of physicians, physician assistants, pharmacists, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, advance practice registered nurses, and registered dietitians with an interest in lipid management.

TYPE OF ACTIVITY Live Activity; Application/ Knowledge

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this activity, Registered Nurses and Nurse Practitioners should be able to provide appropriate care and counsel for patients and their families.

At the conclusion of this activity, all participants should be able to:

Session I: The Impact of Genetics in Lipidology?

 Apply insight from human population genetics studies to identify novel therapeutic targets for a better understanding for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.  Describe the current and future technologies available for genetic screen includinghow to apply them in clinical practice both for diagnosis and risk assessment  Discuss experimental techniques in development for genetic manipulation to target inherited lipid disorders

Keynote I

 Discuss ApoC3 as both a risk factor for ASCVD and as potential for therapeutic manipulation

Session II- Focus on Lipoprotein (a)

 Discuss the epidemiology of Lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)) for both thrombosis and ASCVD  Discuss the pathophysiology of LP(a) and how this impacts increased risk of ASCVD and thrombosis  Discuss the status of current and emerging treatment options targeting LP(a)

Clinical Lipidology Track-

 Critically appraise emerging research and its applications to daily clinical practice  Discuss the diagnosis and treatment of genetic hypertriglyceridemia  Describe the approach to diagnosis and therapeutic interventions available to manage uncommon dyslipidemias with common clinical presentations  Discuss the clinically relevant drug and non-drug interactions of lipid lowering drugs

Basic Science Track-

 Critically appraise emerging research and its applications to daily clinical practice  Describe the impact of the intestinal microbiome on lipid, lipoproteins, and risk for ASCVD  Discuss new and emerging treatment for triglyceride biology  Discuss new and emerging treatment for HDL biology  Discuss evidence regarding hepatic lipase and its impact on ApoC3 and lipoprotein biology Keynote II

 Discuss novel concepts in fatty liver disease

Session III- Updates in Lipid Therapeutics

 Describe the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of novel lipid-targeted pharmacotherapies  Examine the data on safety and efficacy of therapies that target proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)  Discuss the clinical application of coronary calcium scores

Session IV- Updates in Lipid Recommendations

 Discuss Canadian lipid screening and other strategies in children in reducing cardiovascular risk  Demonstrate the practical application of the NLA Annual Summary to the clinical evaluation and management of patients with dyslipidemia  Discuss current guidelines & recommendations on the diagnosis, management, & treatment of dyslipidemia

Session V- Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)- Where do we go from here?

 Outline European guidelines and recommendations for managing Patients with HoFH  Illustrate the importance of universal screening during childhood and cascade lipid screening of family members of known FH patients.  Discuss the importance of genetic testing and clinical care for a patient with FH.

Keynote III

 Discuss the potential role of applications in optimizing lipid management

Session VI- HIV/ AIDS

 Discuss atherosclerosis in patients with HIV.  Differentiate the factors that lead to residual risk in the patient with HIV  Apply lipid-lowering treatment strategies in patients with HIV

Session VI- Women's Health

 Compare and contrast available risk assessment algorithms (including FRS, ACC/AHA CV Risk Calculator, Reynolds Risk Score, new MESA algorithm) and their accuracy (over- and underestimation) in women  Appraise treatment recommendations and evidence for screening, diagnosing and treating FH during pregnancy  Describe the impacts of various forms of oral contraception on lipid levels in various types of dyslipidemia.  Implement appropriate dyslipidemia management during menopause transition

Session VI- Obesity Epidemic

 Describe the current guidelines on the diagnosis, management and treatment of obesity  Discuss current guidelines & recommendations for nutrition & lifestyle interventions in various populations  Review the role of various types of physical activity on dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk  Implement strategies that improve patient adherence and compliance

CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS Statements of credit will be awarded based on the participant’s attendance at each session and submission of the activity evaluation form. A statement of credit will be available upon completion of an online evaluation/claimed credit form at www.lipid.org/cme. If you have questions about this CME/CE activity, please contact the NLA at [email protected]. Please claim credit by June 17, 2016. For Pharmacists: Upon receipt of the completed activity evaluation form, transcript information will be available at www.mycpemonitor.net within 4 weeks.

COMMERCIAL SUPPORT This activity is supported by educational grants from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Amarin Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca LP, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., & Pfizer.

CREDIT DESIGNATION

CME credit provided by the National Lipid Association The National Lipid Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The National Lipid Association designates this live activity for a maximum of 18 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in this activity.

Physician Assistants NCCPA accepts AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ from organizations accredited by the ACCME.

Dietitians The National Lipid Association is a Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Accredited Provider with the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR). Registered dietitians (RDs) and dietetic technicians, registered (DTRs) will receive 18 continuing professional education units (CPEUs) for completion of this program/ materials. CDR Accredited Provider #NL002.

American Academy of Family Physicians This Live activity, 2016 Annual Scientific Sessions- New Orleans, with a beginning date of 05/19/2016, has been reviewed and is acceptable for up to 13.25 Elective credit(s) by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

CE Credit provided by Postgraduate Institute for Medicine

Pharmacists

Postgraduate Institute for Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education.

Session I- Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-130-L01-P (Application) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 2.25 contact hour(s) (.225 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Keynote I- Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-131-L01-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 1.0 contact hour(s) (.10 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Session II – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-132-L01-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 1.75 contact hour(s) (.175 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Clinical Lipidology Breakout– Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-133-L01-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 2.50 contact hour(s) (.250 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Basic Science Breakout – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-016-134-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 2.75 contact hour(s) (.275 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Keynote II – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-135-L01-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 1.0 contact hour(s) (.10 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Session III – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-136-L01-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 2.0 contact hour(s) (.20 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Session IV – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-137-L01-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 1.75 contact hour(s) (.175 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Session V – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-138-L01-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 1.75 contact hour(s) (.175 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Keynote III – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-139-L01-P (Knowledge) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 1.0 contact hour(s) (.10 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Session VI HIV/AIDS – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-140-L01-P (Application) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 2.0 contact hour(s) (.20 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Session VI Women's Health – Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-141-L01-P (Application) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 2.0 contact hour(s) (.20 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Session VI Obesity Epidemic– Universal Activity Number 0809-9999-16-142-L01-P (Application) Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this continuing education activity for 2.0 contact hour(s) (.20 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

Nursing This educational activity for 17.2 contact hours is provided by the Postgraduate Institute for Medicine. Postgraduate Institute for Medicine is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.

Session I- 2.4 credits; Keynote I- 1.0 credits; Session II- 1.6 credits; Clinical Breakout- 2.5 credits; Research Breakout- 2.7 credits; Keynote II- 1.0 credits; Session III- 1.9 credits; Session IV- 1.8 credits; Session V- 1.8 credits; Keynote III- 1.0 credits; Session VI HIV/AIDS- 2.0 credits; Session VI Women's Health- 2.0 credits; Session VI Obesity Epidemic– 2.0 credits.

Pharmacotherapy contact hours for Advance Practice Registered Nurses will be designated on your certificate.

Faculty and Planners

Judith A. Aberg, MD Advisory Board- Janssen, Merck, and Viiv Healthcare Clinical Research- Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Lori A. Alexander, MSHS, RD, CLS, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Karen Aspry, MD Has nothing to disclose.

Christie M. Ballantyne, MD, FACP, FACC, FNLA Consultant- Abbott Diagnositc, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Genzyme, Matinas BioPharma Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, and Sanofi-Synthelabo Contracted Research- Abbott Diagnosic, Amarin, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Novartis, Pfizer, Otsuka, Regeneron, Roche Diagnostic, Sanofi-Sythelabo, and Takeda

Harold E. Bays, MD, FNLA Consultant- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co., Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A. Contracted Research- Amarin, Amgen, Ardea, Arisaph Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Catabasis Pharmaceuticals, CymaBay Therapeutics, Eisai, Elcelyx Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Esperion, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Ferrer/Chiltern International, Gilead, GlaskoSmithKline, Hanmi, Hisunn USA, Home Access Health, Janssen Global Services, Johnson & Johnson, Kowa American Corporation, Merck & Co., Nektar, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Omthera Pharmaceuticals, Orexigen Therapeutics, Pfizer Inc., ProNova Solutions, Regeneron, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., and TIMI Study Group Speaker- Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A.

Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Advisory Board- Aralez, ISIS/Akcea, and Novartis

Lynne T. Braun, PhD, CNP, CLS, FNLA Advisory Board- UpToDate, Inc. Author- UpToDate, Inc. Speaker- PracticePoint

W. Virgil Brown, MD, FNLA Advisory Board- Pfizer Inc. Consultant- Akcea, Amgen, Esperion, Genzyme, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer, Inc., and Regeneron Other Activities- GlaxoSmithKline Speaker- Merck & Co., Inc.

David E. Cohen, MD, PhD Consultant- Aegerion, Catabasis, Esperion, Genzyme, Intercept, Merck, and Synageva

Marina Cuchel, MD, PhD Consultant- sanofi-aventis U.S. Contracted Research- CSL Behring, Regeneron, Regenxbio, and sanofi-aventis U.S. Speaker- Aegerion Pharmaceuticals

P. Barton Duell, MD Contracted Research- Amgen, Genzyme, Kaneka, Regeneron, and Retrophin Consultant- Kaneka, Genzyme/ Sanofi, Regeneron, and Retrophin Speaker- Genzyme/ Sanofi

Sergio Fazio, MD, PhD, FNLA Consultant- Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, BASF Corporation, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., New Haven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and sanofi-aventis U.S.

Jacques Genest, MD Advisory Board- Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Amgen, Novartis, and Sanofi Contracted Research- Amgen, Cerenis, Novartis, and Sanofi Speaker- Amgen, and sanofi

Anne C. Goldberg, MD, FACP, FNLA Contracted Research- Amarin, Amgen, Genzyme/ ISIS Pharmaceuticals, ISIS (IONIS), Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer, Regeneron, and Regeneron/ sanofi-aventis Consultant- OptumRX Scholarly Contributions- Merck & Co., Inc.

Antonio M. Gotto, Jr., MD, DPhil, FNLA Board Member- Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Arisaph Pharmaceuticals, and Esperion Consultant- Kowa, Merck & Co., Inc., and Vatera Capital

Martha Gulati, MD, MS Has nothing to disclose.

Stanley L. Hazen, MD Consultant- Esperion, and Procter & Gamble Contracted Research- Abbott, AstraZeneca, Frantz Biomarkers, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Roche Diagnostics, and Takeda Ownership Interest- Cleveland Heart Lab, Inc. Royalty- Cleveland Heart Lab, Inc., and Siemens

Linda C. Hemphill, MD, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

John P. Higgins, MD, MBA, MPhil Has nothing to disclose.

Terry A. Jacobson, MD, FNLA Consultant- Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc., and Regeneron/ sanofi-aventis

Joshua W. Knowles, MD, PhD Has nothing to disclose.

Anatol Kontush, PhD Independent Contactor- CSL Limited Speaker- Amgen and Lilly

Ralph La Forge, MSc, CLS, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Chris T. Longenecker, MD Contracted Research- Medtronic Philanthropy

Gina Lundberg, MD Has nothing to disclose.

R. Preston Mason, PhD, MBA Consultant- Amarin Pharma Inc Contracted Research- Amarin Pharma Inc, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, and Pfizer, Inc. Speaker- Amarin Pharma Inc, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

Pamela B. Morris, MD, FNLA Advisory Board- Aegerion, AstraZeneca, Regeneron/ sanofi-aventis

Merle Myerson, MD, EdD, FNLA Consultant- Amgen, Gilead, and KOWA Speaker- Gilead

Børge G. Nordestgaard, MD, DMSc Consultant- Amgen, Dezima, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron, and sanofi Speaker- Amgen, AstraZeneca, Denka Seiken, Lilly, and sanofi

Carl E. Orringer, MD, FACC, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Muredach P. Reilly, MBBCH Has nothing to disclose.

Joyce L. Ross, MSN, ANP, CRNP, FPCNA, CLS, FNLA Advisory Board- Amarin Consultant- Genzyme Speakers Bureau- Amarin, AstraZeneca, and Practice Point Speaker- Abbott Laboratories, Aegerion, and Kowa Pharmaceuticals

Joseph J. Saseen, PharmD, CLS, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Geeta Sikand, MA, RDN, CLS, FAND, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Nathan O. Stitziel, MD, PhD Consultant- Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Contracted Research- AstraZeneca Speaking- Aegerion Pharmaceuticals

Julie St-Pierre, MD, PhD Consultant- sanofi Speaker- Amgen

Erik S.G. Stroes, MD, PhD Contacted Research- Cerenis Speaker- Amgen, Cerenis, Chiesi, Merck, Novartis, and sanofi

Anne Tybjӕrg-Hansen, MD, DMSc Has nothing to disclose.

James A. Underberg, MD, MS, FNLA Advisory Board- Amgen, Akcea, Alexion, AstraZeneca, Gemphire Pharma., New Haven Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron, and sanofi-aventis Consultant- Aegerion, Amarin, Amgen, Kinder Pharma, and Recombine Contracted Research- Aegerion, and Pfizer Speaker- Alexion, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc., New Haven Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron, and sanofi-aventis Steering Committee- Aegerion

Barbara S. Wiggins, PharmD, CLS, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Robert A. Wild, MD, MPH, PhD, FNLA Consultant- Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health.

Kaye-Eileen Willard, MD, FNLA Speaker- Regeneron/ sanofi-aventis

Staff Disclosures NLA Staff Has nothing to disclose.

Postgraduate Institute for Medicine The following PIM planners and managers, Trace Hutchison, PharmD, Samantha Mattiucci, PharmD, CHCP, Judi Smelker-Mitchek, RN, BSN and Jan Schultz, RN, MSN, CHCP, hereby state that they or their spouse/life partner do not have any financial relationships or relationships to products or devices with any commercial interest related to the content of this activity of any amount during the past 12 months.

NLA CME Committee Reviewers Christie M. Ballantyne, MD, FACP, FACC, FNLA Consultant- Abbott Diagnositc, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Genzyme, Matinas BioPharma Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, and Sanofi-Synthelabo Contracted Research- Abbott Diagnosic, Amarin, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Novartis, Pfizer, Otsuka, Regeneron, Roche Diagnostic, Sanofi-Sythelabo, and Takeda

B Alan Bottenberg, DO, FACOI, FNLA Speakers Bureau- Amgen

Kathleen Hawke Byrne, CRNP, BSN, MSN Has nothing to disclose.

Manisha Chandalia, MD, FNLA Speaker- Amgen, AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, and sanofi-aventis

Dave Dixon, PharmD, CLS, FNLA, AACC Speaker- sanofi-aventis Speakers Bureau- Novartis

Abimbola O. Farinde, PharmD Has nothing to disclose.

Raymond Albert Gaskins, MD Has nothing to disclose.

Edward Mark Goldenberg, MD, FNLA Speaker- Amgen, Merck & Co., Inc., and Regeneron

Eric K. Gupta, PharmD, BCPS, CLS, FCPhA, FNLA Advisory Board- Amarin

Sarah Hallberg, DO, MS Contracted Research- Virta Health

Linda C. Hemphill, MD, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Donald G. Lamprecht, PharmD, BCPS, CLS, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Pamela B. Morris, MD, FACC, FACP, FACPM, FAHA, FNLA Advisory Board- Aegerion, AstraZeneca, and Regeneron/ sanofi-aventis

Saleem Naina, PharmD Has nothing to disclose.

Connie Baum Newman, MD, FACP, FAMWA Has nothing to disclose.

Roda Plakogiannis, PharmD, BS, BCPS, CLS, FNLA Speaker- Pfizer, and sanofi-aventis

Michael D. Shapiro, DO, FACC, FSCCT, FNLA Consultant- Alexion

Khalid Hasan Sheikh, MD, FNLA Speakers Bureau- Amarin, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novartis

Scott Webster Shurmur, MD, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Sean D. Stewart, PharmD, CLS, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Wayne S. Warren, MD, FNLA Advisory Board- Amgen Speaker- Amarin, Amgen, and Merck & Co., Inc.

Thomas Rhyne White, MD, FNLA Speaking- Amarin, Janssen Stocks- Amarin, and ISIS Pharmaceuticals

Suzana D. Zamecnik, NP, CLS Has nothing to disclose.

2016 Scientific Sessions Moderators Harold E. Bays, MD, FNLA Consultant- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co., Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A. Contracted Research- Amarin, Amgen, Ardea, Arisaph Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Catabasis Pharmaceuticals, CymaBay Therapeutics, Eisai, Elcelyx Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Esperion, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Ferrer/Chiltern International, Gilead, GlaskoSmithKline, Hanmi, Hisunn USA, Home Access Health, Janssen Global Services, Johnson & Johnson, Kowa American Corporation, Merck & Co., Nektar, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Omthera Pharmaceuticals, Orexigen Therapeutics, Pfizer Inc., ProNova Solutions, Regeneron, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., and TIMI Study Group Speaker- Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A.

Judith Ann Collins, MSN, APRN, CLS Has nothing to disclose.

Susan M. Dimick, MD, MS Consultant- Alexion, Amarin, Amgen, KOWA

Sergio Fazio, MD, PhD, FNLA Consultant- Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, BASF Corporation, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., New Haven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and sanofi-aventis U.S.

Thomas A. Haffey, DO, FACC, FACOI, FNLA Speaker- Merck

Terry A. Jacobson, MD, FNLA Consultant- Amarin; Amgen; AstraZeneca; Merck & Co., Inc.; and Regeneron/ sanofi-aventis

Donald G. Lamprecht, PharmD, BCPS, FNLA Has nothing to disclose.

Joseph L. Lillo, DO, FNLA Contracted Research- Abbott, Amgen, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer Speaker- Amarin, Amgen, KOWA, Merck, and sanofi-aventis

Krishnaswami Vijayaraghavan, MD, FNLA Advisory Board- Amarin, Amgen, sanofi, and ZS Pharma Speaker- Aegerion, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, KOWA, Novartis, Relypsa, and sanofi

Donnie P. Wilson, MD, FNLA Advisory Board- Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Contracted Research- Merck, Sharp & Dohme, and Novo Nordisk Inc. Speaker- Osler Institute

DISCLOSURE OF UNLABELED USE AND INVESTIGATIONAL PRODUCT This educational activity may include discussion of uses of agents that are investigational and/or unapproved by the FDA. Please refer to the official prescribing information for each product for discussion of approved indications, contraindications, and warnings.

DISCLOSURE DECLARATION It is the policy of NLA to ensure independence, balance, objectivity, scientific rigor, and integrity in all of its continuing education activities. The faculty must disclose to the participants any significant relationships with commercial interests whose products or devices may be mentioned in the activity or with the commercial supporter of this continuing education activity. Identified conflict of interest is resolved by NLA prior to accreditation of the activity. NLA planners and reviewers have no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

DISCLAIMER This course is designed solely to provide the healthcare professional with information to assist in his/her practice and professional development and is not to be considered a diagnostic tool to replace professional advice or treatment. The course serves as a general guide to the healthcare professional, and therefore, cannot be considered as giving legal, nursing, medical, or other professional advice in specific cases. The NLA specifically disclaims responsibility for any adverse consequences resulting directly or indirectly from information in the course, for undetected error, or through reader’s misunderstanding of content.