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PRIORITIES: INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR

0 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACRONYM ...... III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... IV

SOMALILAND VISION 2030 AND NDP II GOALS ...... 1

INTRODUCTION ...... 2

ABOUT THE NDP II ...... 2 WHY: PRIORITISATION OF THE NDP II ...... 2 HOW WAS THE NDP II PRIORITISED? ...... 3

SECTOR BACKGROUND ...... 5

SECTOR VISION ...... 5 SECTOR OVERVIEW ...... 5 WHY IS THE SECTOR IMPORTANT? ...... 5 WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL OF THE SECTOR? ...... 8 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SECTOR ...... 9 PRIORITIZED OUTCOMES FROM SECTOR CONSULTATIONS ...... 10

PROGRAMMING FOR RESULTS ...... 11

KEY ENABLERS ...... 11 REGIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ...... 12 IMPACTS ON CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES ...... 13 IMPACTS ON UNDER PINNING PRINCIPLES ...... 13 IMPACTS AND DEPENDENCIES ON OTHER SECTORS IN THE NDP II ...... 15

PROGRAM SKETCHES ...... 17

WHAT ARE PROGRAM SKETCHES? ...... 17 SUGGESTED PRIORITY PROGRAMS FOR THE SECTOR ...... 17

CURRENT PROJECTS MAPPED ...... 20

NEXT STEPS ...... 22

SECTOR DIALOGUE WITH DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS ...... 22 RESOURCE MOBILISATION ...... 22 PROJECT DESIGN ...... 22

ANNEXES ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

TABLES

Table 1. Somaliland Road Network in Km and Status in 2017 ...... 6 Table 2. Prioritised outcomes from sector consultation ...... 10

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FIGURES

Figure 1. The Structure of the NDP II ...... 2 Figure 2. Indicative costing of the nine sectors and three cross-cutting issues ...... 3 Figure 3. The NDP II prioritisation process ...... 3 Figure 4. Contribution of infrastructure to Somaliland’s GDP ...... 5 Figure 5. Estimates of population distribution in Somaliland ...... 5 Figure 6. Road Status in km ...... 9

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ACRONYM

CCT Cross-Cutting Themes

CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women

CMW Convention on Migrant Workers

CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child

CRPD Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities

DFID Department of International Development

DPW Dubai Port World

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation

IMO International Maritime Organisation

MoPND Ministry of Planning and National Development

NDP National Development Plan

SPF Sector Priority Frameworks

TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training

UAE United Arab Emirates

UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights

DANIDA Danish International Development Agency

GoSL Government of Somaliland

WBG World Bank Group

GDP Gross Domestic Production

SDGs Sustainable Development Goals

SCF Sector Coordination Forum

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Within a relatively short period, the prioritisation team at the Ministry of Planning and National Development (MoPND) have led and completed the prioritisation process of Somaliland’s entire National Development Plan II (2017 – 2021).The NDP II prioritisation process, which started in July 2018 and concluded in December 2018 included extensive dialogue and consultation with technical representatives from 54 central government institutions and local governments. The “priority of priorities” of the Government of Somaliland have been identified based on Somaliland’s needs, as well as the priorities set out by His Excellency, President Muse Bihi Abdi, following his elections in November 2017.

I am grateful for the leadership and guidance of the Ministry’s Director General, Abdirashed Ibrahim Abdirahman who worked tirelessly with the prioritisation team and his counterparts across the Somaliland Government institutions to ensure that the prioritisation process was on track.Special thanks to Mubareg Abdulahi Ibrahim, the Ministry’s Director of Planning who, as the technical team leader of the prioritization process played a very crucial role. Abdilahi Ahmed and Mahdi Omar Sheik worked individually with each government institution, as well as with each sector and inter-sector committees, to ensure that the priorities of the Government were captured within and across institutions. Thanks to also Hinda Yousuf, Abdikarim Mohamoud and Ministry’s departmental directors and regional coordinators who contributed to the process. The sectoral approach taken as part of the methodology, encouraged the government institutions to think beyond their own organizations and take a more “systems- approach” to operationalising the NDP II. Importantly, regional prioritisation workshops were held across the six regions of Somaliland to inform the process with the active involvement of regional representatives of central government institutions and local governments.

On behalf of the Government, I would like to thank various development partners – in particular, DFID, DANIDA, the Governments of the Netherlands and Norway, the current development partners for the Somaliland Development Fund for making the prioritisation process possible. My Senior Adviser, Antony van de Loo supported by the Government of Denmark played an important role in the preparation and implementation of the process. The three experts, Alex Parks, Rima das Pradhan-Blach and Ahmed Mohamed Diriye provided invaluable advice, bringing international as well as Somaliland-specific expertise to develop simple tools for prioritisation of the NDP II and guided the process, while ensuring Government leadership and ownership of the process.

The Vice Minister of MoPND, H.E. Hussein Ibrahim Buni played an important role in communicating to the public about the prioritisation process. The Communications team from the Ministry ensured that efforts were documented, as well as ensuring that regular updates were provided to the public.

Most importantly, the National Planning Commission, appointed by H.E. President Muse Bihi Abdi have endorsed the priorities identified by the technical teams. The National Planning Commission, chaired by myself, is composed of eleven ministers who set the strategic development priorities of the Government of Somaliland. Their guidance in this process has been invaluable in moving Somaliland’s collective development goals forward. In addition, I extend appreciation to sector technical teams mostly led by Directors of Planning were very instrumental to this process.

Finally, I would like to thank the many individuals who have not been named but have contributed to this important process.

Awale. I. Shirwaac

Minister of Planning and National Development

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SOMALILAND VISION 2030 AND NDP II GOALS

Somaliland National Vision 2030

A Stable, Democratic and Prosperous Country Where People Enjoy a High Quality of Life

Somaliland National Development Plan II Goals

Reduce poverty through increased economic opportunities and coordinated investment in youth, services, production and infrastructure

Increase resilience against the effects of climate change through improved management of the environment, strategic water management, food security and diversification of the economy

Maintain the human rights of every citizen through good governance, equal access to social services and economic inclusion

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INTRODUCTION

ABOUT THE NDP II The National Development Plan 2017-2021 (NDP II) has been developed following an extensive consultative process with a range of stakeholders concerned with Somaliland’s development came together to decide and agree on goals and targets for the next five years. Stakeholders including government institutions, private sector, civil society, NGOs, academia and the international community worked on analysing challenges and opportunities of each sector as well as devising the way forward. The NDP II was built on the progress made and lessons learnt so far in Somaliland’s development and is the next step in achieving the long-term development aspirations of The Somaliland National Vision 2030: A Stable, Democratic and Prosperous Country Where People Enjoy a High Quality of Life.

The NDP II formulation process was driven by its nine sectors, which are grouped under the five pillars of the National Vision 2030. In addition, three cross-cutting themes were formulated - labour & employment, social protection and youth. The NDP II is also informed by two underpinning principles - human rights and resilience. The structure of the NDP II is summarised in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The Structure of the NDP II

Vision 2030 A Stable, Democratic and Prosperous Country Where People Enjoy a High Quality of Life Cross- cutting Social Infrastructure Environment Economic Pillar Governance Pillar Development Pillar Pillar Pillar Employment

Infrastructure and Labour (Transportation, Rule of law and Economy Education Environment Communication security and Technology, Land and Urban Management) Social Democratrisation Energy and and Health Extractives Protection decentralisation

Production (Agriculture, Public Resources Water & Livestock and Governance Sanitation Youth Fisheries)

Foreign Relations and International Cooperation

Underpinning Principles: Human Rights and Resilience

WHY: PRIORITISATION OF THE NDP II While Somaliland has made impressive gains in terms of revenue generation, the needs for furthering Somaliland’s continued development trajectory requires resources beyond its own revenues. Indicative costingS of the investments needed for implementing the NDP II is estimated at USD 2.1 billion. Sectoral estimates are set out below in Figure 2.

Ministry of Planning and National Development (MoPND) led the prioritisation of the entire NDP II to identify the most important interventions for the Government in order to operationalize the NDP II and to match available resources and mobilise new resources. These priorities of priorities are captured in SPFs have thus been developed by the Government. The SPF’s are light touch and most importantly, are the Government’s priorities. The SPFs are living

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documents, and will change as priorities are financed, or as new opportunities arise in relation to strategic direct foreign investments or Somaliland private sector investments.

The greatest investment needs as identified in the NDP II are in the infrastructure, health and education sectors as well as in youth – a cross cutting issue. Social protection, employment and labour and youth. Underpinning issues are human rights as well as resilience, and all the sectors have taken these important issues into account during the prioritisation process. The NDP II also estimates external aid flows to be at approximately USD 150 million per year, just over 30 percent of the estimated costs of the NDP II. While the private sector invests heavily in the many sectors, it is difficult to get accurate information.

Figure 2. Indicative costing of the nine sectors and three cross-cutting issues

HOW WAS THE NDP II PRIORITISED? Following the fifth successful elections in Somaliland in November 2017, the fifth President of Somaliland, His Excellency Muse Bihi Abdi, initially set out the strategic priorities of his administration, including economic growth, integrated water resource management, resilience, youth employment and security.

The priorities set out by the President provided important criteria for the prioritisation process.

The Minister of Planning and National Development, H.E. Awale I.Shirwaacbriefed the Cabinet on the NDP II prioritisation process that started in July 2018. The prioritisation team from the MoPND, together with external advisers developed tools for the prioritisation process for each Ministry and Agency to determine their priorities. The

MoPND team also undertook regional consultations to Figure 3. The NDP II prioritisation process inform the sectoral ministries at the centre NPC C ro Strategic s of regional priorities. s - U Decisions c n Snapshot of Prioritization u d t e ti Process n rp g i T n Sector Technical Teams (STTs) from each of h n e in Projects m g e T s h the sectors came together numerous : E e m m e p s l : times, supported by the prioritisation team o R s y e ie Key Activities m s it e il r n ie from the MoPND to identify their sectoral io t n r & p c l L e a a H and inter-sectoral priorities which have n b u io o m g r, a e Output Identification S n R o c R been articulated in the sector priority ia ig l h P ts ro booklets. These sectoral priorities are thus te c Sector Prioritization Framework t io n , the most important priorities of the GoSL, Y o u th endorsed by the National Planning Outcome Prioritization Commission. They provide guidance for programming purposes – and are not meant 7 to be a comprehensive program or project

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design. Next steps in relation to the SPFs are set out in each sectoral priority booklet, which primarily involves identification of priorities that the Government can do it self, and strategic dialogues with international partners to convert the priorities into projectsand identify potential resources.

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SECTOR BACKGROUND

SECTOR VISION “A nation with an advanced infrastructure network that facilitates economic and social development”

SECTOR OVERVIEW The infrastructure sector includes Transport: Airports, Roads, Ports, and Transport Policy as well as Public Works and Communications and Technology currently managed by nine Ministries, Departments or Agencies. Most of Somaliland’s infrastructure was destroyed during the decade-long war in the 1980’s. According to the NDP II, infrastructure contributes to almost 14 percent of the national GDP, with housing (construction and real-estate) as the most important segment contributing to at least 9.8 percent of the GDP.1

Figure 4. Contribution of infrastructure to Somaliland’s GDP

16.0 13.7 14.0 12.0 9.9 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 1.9 2.0 0.0 Information Construction Transportation communication technology

Why is the sector important?

Urban Planning Somaliland has one of the largest rates of urbanisation in Africa with approximately53 percent of the population living in urban centres. The largest urban population is in the capital, Hargeisa, followed by Burao and Borama.The recent droughts and other natural disasters, conflict across Somaliland’s borders, and a lack of employment opportunities in rural areas means that there is an increasing trend in urban migration means that urban populations are growing. There is an urgent need for urban planning across Somaliland.

Figure 5. Estimates of population distribution in Somaliland

2,500,000 2,013,379 2,000,000

1,500,000 1,291,601

1,000,000 417,871 500,000 75,977 - Urban Nomadic Rural IDPs Population

1Ministry of National Planning and Development, Somaliland, National Development Plan II (2017-2021), Hargeisa. p 98. 5

During the civil war and unrest in the 1980’s, urban centres and records were destroyed. Urban centres have grown rapidly – however, the growth is haphazard with little urban planning. As the demands for service provision increases, including for roads, ICT, energy, water, waste collection, health and education - there is an urgent need for urban planning. According to the NDP II, the high rate of urbanisation is having on impact on economic and social development in Somaliland.

Additionally, decentralisation has exacerbated the problem where already at least four central ministries are involved in land administration – Interior, Agriculture, Public Works and Environment. Local governments largely operate independently of the central government. With the support of the Somaliland Development Fund, the Rift Valley Institute conducted a comprehensive study on land conflicts in Somaliland. This in partnership with the Ministry of Planning and National Development to inform the National Land Policy development process by conducting a series of targeted scoping studies.2

Transport While NDP I focused on rehabilitation of pre-civil war infrastructure, the focus for this infrastructure NDP II is on further upgrading much needed infrastructure with a focus on economic development. Transport infrastructure includes road, air and marine transport.

Land transport is the principle mode of transportation, with more than 99 percent of the population dependent on the road network.3While the government implemented a number of projects focused mainly on trunk road rehabilitation along strategic trade routes, much remains to be done to connect people to services and catalyse economic activity. It is estimated that only 3 percent of the population lives within 2 km of the existing road network.4 Community contributions play an important role in rebuilding roads in both urban and rural areas. The Somaliland Development Fund alone invested in the rehabilitation of 149.5 km roads.

Table 1. Somaliland Road Network in Km and Status in 2017 Paved roads 1,010 km

Unpaved motorable roads 1,225 km

Unpaved dirt tracks 6,800 km

The Berbera Corridor is a flagship road program for Somaliland connecting land-locked Ethiopia to the Berbera Port. The Berbera Corridor is moving forward with the support of the UK Government and the Abu Dhabi Fund. This important investment aims to stimulate economic growth and better movement of goods between Ethiopia and Somaliland.

Investment in road infrastructure continues to be a priority not only to improve access to services, but to also stimulate economic growth, particularly in relation to specific production value chains. Currently populations living only in 7 districts are covered by paved roads (Borama, Gabiley, Hargeisa, Berbera, Sheikh, Burao, Ainabo and Las Anod),

2https://www.somalilanddevelopmentfund.org/images/docs/Project_descriptions/Land.pdf 3Ministry of National Planning and Development, Somaliland, National Development Plan II (2017-2021), Hargeisa. p 98. 4Ministry of National Planning and Development, Somaliland, National Development Plan II (2017-2021), Hargeisa. p 99. 6

and the NDP II emphasises the need to improve access to public transport for women, youth and people with disabilities.5 With an increasing and improved road network, road safety is also an important issue that needs to be addressed.

In terms of airports, there are two main airports in Somaliland – Hargeisa, and Berbera. The Hargeisa Airport was upgraded to an international airport with the support of the Kuwaiti Government, and currently handles daily international flights. There are four unpaved airstrips in Borama, Burao, Las Anod and Erigavo which can handle light aircraft.

Despite the 800 km coastline, marine transport remains a missed opportunity. According to the NDP II, increased investment in regional ports and jetties present an opportunity to build a network of ports to open up potential markets, promote value chains and improve the local economies of many rural communities.

The USD 442 million Berbera Port Concession Agreement over 30 years between the UAE and Somaliland is a major investment which promises much need economic transformation.UAE has a 50% stake, the Government of Ethiopia, 19% and the Government of Somaliland with the remaining 31%.Strategic investments around the Berbera Port, including economic free zones could have a significant boost to Somaliland’s economy.

Information and According to the NDP II, internet and telephone coverage reaches all regions of Communication Somaliland, providing access to approximately 95 percent of the country.6In Technology (ICT) Somaliland, for instance, telecoms contributed 2.2 per cent of value-added GDP in 2013, according to a WBG study.7New fibre optic connectivity arrived in Somaliland during 2014.

The first phase of a network constructed by SOMCABLE to link Hargeisa to internet connectivity in Djibouti was switched on in June 2014 and it is envisaged that under the World Bank’s Horn of Africa Initiative, a new undersea cable linking Eritrea and Djibouti with Berbera could be envisaged.8At the same time, satellite connectivity is becoming cheaper and more functional with the entry into the market of new players, such as O3B and New Skies. Satellite will offer a complement to fibre connectivity as well as a source of competition to bring bandwidth prices down.There are six telecommunication companies in operation in Somaliland, however, interoperability remains to be addressed.

ICT plays a critical role in Somaliland’s economy for remittances, mobile banking and mobile-money services and mobile services.Remittances sent back from the diaspora is estimated at approximately USD 800 per year. The market structure is still evolving and an ICT regulatory framework, together with a finance-sector regulatory framework is a priority for economic growth.

5Ministry of National Planning and Development, Somaliland, National Development Plan II (2017-2021), Hargeisa. p 100. 6Ministry of National Planning and Development, Somaliland, National Development Plan II (2017-2021), Hargeisa. p 102. 7https://somaliampf.net/files/portfolio/ICT-PAD.pdf 8https://somaliampf.net/files/portfolio/ICT-PAD.pdf 7

There is one public run radio station in Somaliland - Radio Hargeisa, and five television services in Somaliland, with National Television Station being the Government-owned station. The Government aims to strengthen its communications infrastructure to improve public access to information.

What is the potential of the sector?

Urban planning Urban planning should be seen in the context of better access to services, and local economic development. Urban planning must thus be considered in an integrated manner, taking into consideration needs for housing, water, transport, energy, market infrastructure etc. Urban planning must also take into account the needs of different users, particularly in people with disabilities.

In some urban centres in Somaliland, there is room for getting it right upfront incorporating green technology for various purposes – for example in Berbera, which is envisaged to become an economic hub. This could include use of green technologies and innovation for Berbera to become a “green” economic hub.

Transport Infrastructure, it is often said, is a basic prerequisite for economic growth and infrastructure human well-being, however, can only become effective if it is ‘connected’ to other processes and networks.9As succinctly stated in the report, Roads to Peace?:10

Economic wellbeing as well as participation in societal affairs increasingly rely on access to infrastructure, including power, water, sanitation and transport. Realizing human rights as well as attaining many of the SDGs, such as poverty eradication, climate change mitigation and industrialization is conditional upon functioning and sustainable infrastructure...

In the Somaliland context, the sector is vital to development of the nation’s natural resources both on land and increasingly in the sea.This includes value addition to in the productive sectors as well oil and mineral exploitation. The potential for improved transport infrastructure to foster trade and transit cargo with Ethiopia and other IGAD countries is the key motivator for the Berbera corridor development.

ICT infrastructure Development of the ICT Sector also presents the potential for many innovations to foster economic development as well as address some of Somaliland’s key challenges economic, social and environmental challenges. For example, the Ministry of Environment has prioritised an Early Warning System for natural disasters.

Money transfer operators, including mobile money transfer has had a transformational change on financial inclusion, economic and social development. For example, Zaad was established in 2009, as Somaliland’s first mobile money platform.11Zaad is considered a model of best practice for financial inclusion and

9Schouten, Peter, and Jan Bachmann. The Role of Infrastructure in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States. DIIS/UNOPS, 2017. p 3. 10Schouten, Peter, and Jan Bachmann. The Role of Infrastructure in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States. DIIS/UNOPS, 2017. p 3. 11Iazzolino, Gianluca. Following Mobile Money in Somaliland. Rift Valley Institute. 2015. p 5. 8

economic and social transformation by Groupe Spéciale Mobile Association (GSMA)— a global association of mobile telephone operators.12

The Education sector has prioritised training on ICT both in academic, technical and vocational education and training institutions.

Major developments in the sector

Roads The priorities in this document are to increase access to motorable roads for the rural population and address roads between urban centres. This will include trunk as well as feeder

roads. The government also wishes to decrease urban traffic volume by improved management and development of urban roads. Clearly, with at least 53% of the population urbanized, there will be pressure to focus on city roads but the first outcome “increase 2% of rural population living within 2 KM to motorable roads for all seasons” indicates government’s commitment to rural connectivity.13

Figure 6. Road Status in km Completed paved roads, 1010 Unpaved easily motorable, 1225

Unpaved motorable with difficulty, 6800

Ports The biggest single investment in Somaliland over 30 years is the Berbera Port and Airport expansion under UAE / DPW. While this is the focus of much attention the government also wishes to improve services at other ports. This includes repair and construction of quays that will encourage economic activity such as fishing. To support this the Port Authority will undertake a number of development activities designed to enhance its capacity to manage and develop the marine sector. Other ports are also scheduled for upgrading of jetties at Zaylac, Maydh, and Las Anod.

Airports The focus of recent investment has been Hargeisa airport which now has scheduled commercial flights to Ethiopia and Dubai resulting in increased passenger numbers.Under the

priorities in this document, the government wishes to provide additional baggage and cargo handling facilities at Hargeisa as well as installation of night flight equipment. The second major expansion under this plan is the upgrading of six regional airports with improved runway and terminal facilities. Regional airport capacity is underutilized; therefore, planned improvements will increase access to services for citizens at regional capitals. The government wishes to encourage the participation of the private sector in enhancing these services.

12Iazzolino, Gianluca. Following Mobile Money in Somaliland. Rift Valley Institute. 2015. p 5. 13Ministry of National Planning and Development, Somaliland, National Development Plan II (2017-2021), Hargeisa. p 105. 9

Transport While the focus of the sector remains improvement in the physical transport infrastructure, Governance the Ministry of Transport has prioritized also importantly prioritised road safety. The objective of this priority is reduction in deaths and accidents through measures to improve

driving standards and vehicle fitness testing.

Public Works Under the public works sub-sector, the government focus is on urban planning and management. The extremely high rate of urbanization requires reaction form national and

urban authorities to manage risks and expectations of the citizens. As 53% of the population as urban dwellers, there should perhaps be greater emphasis on urban development.

Finally, the chronic lack of public housing causes difficulties for public servants. The government will enhance building standards and codes and plan housing.

Information, The ICT sub-sector includes communication networks, radio, TV, satellite and internet Communications systems. Internet and telephone access reach about 95% of Somaliland. Fibre optic and cable and Technology internet connections are being introduced in 2018/19. Somaliland has experienced a rapid increase in the use of digital devices and the public has benefited from a range of services provided by the private sector. However, the growth of the sector has not been accompanied by a comparable growth in regulation compliant with expected regional and international standards.

PRIORITIZED OUTCOMES FROM SECTOR CONSULTATIONS In 2018, the government undertook an exercise to identify sectoral priorities for government, investor and donor financing. Using the existing NDP-II as a starting point, each sector formed a team to select priority outcomes following criteria and guidelines developed by the Ministry of Planning and National Development. It should be noted that the outcomes not selected in this process are still part of each sectoral plan. The prioritization is simply recognition of the need to achieve certain outcomes. These results are shown in the following tables.

Table 2. Prioritised outcomes from sector consultation INF OUTCOMES 9 – 1 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will increase 2% of rural population living within 2 KM to motorable roads for all seasons (1km Road/ population) 9 – 3 By 2021, Somaliland will expand Ports and increase jetties capacity by 33% 9 – 4 By 2021, Somaliland will increase the capacity of national air flight transportation services by 50% 11 – 1 By 2021, increase access for all residence to adequate, safe and affordable housing by 20% 11 – 3 By 2021, improve access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable terrestrial transport systems by 20%, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons 11 – 4 By 2021, the government of Somaliland will ensure that at least 30% of the cities that has inclusive and sustainable urban planning and management in 23 main (electoral) districts 9–5 By 2021, the government of Somaliland will have increased funding into scientific researches on technological advancement within the Somaliland context by 10% 9– 6 By 2021, increasing the number of engineers and skilled technical specialist working in the infrastructure sector by 20% 9-8 By 2021, the government of Somaliland will increase universal and affordable access to relevant information and communication technology by 15% By 2021, the government of Somaliland will have full pledged legal framework for the regulation and development of telecom and ICT sector

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PROGRAMMING FOR RESULTS

NOTE: This section should be read together with Program Sketches as well as Annex 2 which has indicative interventions to inform program/project design.

KEY ENABLERS Policy and regulation According to the NDP-II, the Traffic Act and Telecommunication Acts are the only available governing laws in this Sector with a significant policies, acts and codes needed. The following policies, acts, and codes have been identified as being required, in addition to enforcing the existing laws:

- Establish and enforce roads and buildings safety standards - Develop transport policies and laws covering road-tax, vehicle roadworthiness testing, insurance, etc. - Develop urban land management law - Review the financing system for the maintenance of roads - Create an enabling environment for the participation of the private sector in road investment. - Development of a strategic policy document to guide road construction and maintenance program - Revision of the existing policies in order to bring it in line with the current international standards - Improvement of standards, supervision, design, construction, and maintenance of roads The proposedMinistry of Transport driver testing system will require new legislation and practical regulations. The proposed expansion in air and sea ports should be accompanied by new policies, regulations and laws compliant with ICAO and IMO.

Institution The sector comprises the Ministry of Transport and Roads, the Ministry of Public Works, the Ports Authority and the Civil Aviation Authority. Institutions will have to be strengthened across the board for implementing the different priorities.

A key institution that will need to be strengthened is a Land Commission – to develop a new land policy and law taking into account the following issues set out in the Somaliland National Land Policy Scoping Study.14

14Rift Valley Institute. Somaliland National Land Policy Scoping Study, Synthesis Report, 2016. pg 11. 11

Other institutions will have to be strengthened or established for particularly for urban planning, infrastructure planning, including roads, ports and airports. The Ministry of Transport has prioritised road safety – which will require institutional strengthening and support.

The Ministry of ICT and Posts has prioritised health standards for the sector – this will also require institutional strengthening.

Systems For the priorities listed above, many well-thought out systems will have to be put into place, most importantly in relation to land management, urban planning, infrastructure planning, road safety amongst others. These should be properly identified during project design.

Skills The priority outcomes include outputs that will improve institutional skills in terms of management of the sector. This includes urban planners, road, maritime and airport engineers, port managers across a range of different functions, cadastre managers, land dispute specialists and telecommunications specialists. This list is not expansive. See Program Sketches for more details. Importantly, this sector has specifically prioritised improving access to public transportation for women, youth and people with disabilities – this will require specialist skills for design, and awareness raising.

Knowledge There is a need for a significant amount of information for this sector based on the priorities identified. This includes information for urban planning, transport infrastructure planning and management, road safety, marine transport, understanding of supply chains for infrastructure planning, amongst other issues.

Infrastructure gap The outcomes specified in this booklet are the priorities to fill the infrastructure gap.

Awareness The priority outcomes recognise the need for awareness raising on the impact of transport development on the economy.

REGIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Relevant to all regions A major activity of the prioritization was consultation with regional stakeholders. Somaliland governance can be broadly categorized as de-concentrated with line ministry and agency representatives in the regions. As part of the NDP-II process MoPND conducted a regional planning exercise in 2014. Due to the impact of drought and the elapsed time in was considered wise to conduct a rapid regional assessment of development priorities. The results of this were fed into the sector meetings and cross- referenced against the SPF regional tables. See Annex 5 for priorities identified by the regions.

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IMPACTS ON CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES Cross-cutting issues are discussed in greater depth in the Cross-cutting issues booklet. See Annex 3 for all the outcomes for Cross-cutting Themes: Employment and Labour, Social Protection, and Youth.

As stated earlier, all the other NDP sectors benefit from improved infrastructure proposed in this booklet. Energy and water infrastructure are not included in this booklet as they have their own documents. There are good reasons for planning strategic national infrastructure with both these two sub-sectors.

In addition, the NDP identifies three cross-cutting sectors and two underpinning principles that are essential to realizing Vision 2030. The infrastructure sector prioritized outcomes will address these sectors by:

Employment and Labour • Market accessibility will increase job opportunities and promote employment sustainable

• Increasing the number of certified technicians and strengthen the vocational education and training (TVET) for producing manpower equipped with skills relevant to the local market demand

Social Protection • Investment in infrastructure that is sensitive to the needs of vulnerable groups can contribute to increasing accessibility to social protection and basic services. Importantly, the sector has prioritised improving access to public transportation for women, youth and people with disabilities.

• Mobile phone technology is key to increasing accessibility and reach for long- term cash-based social protection programs. IT solutions for Civil registration/National ID can contribute to the eventual development of a single registry for the social protection system.

Youth • Encouraging youth participation in construction which will promote patriotism and sense of national identity through intercity and inter-regional youth activities

• Generating income and long-lasting skills and jobs for the youth. • Will produce certified and quality technical and vocational education and training (TVET) with the right workforce that is responsive to the infrastructure demands

• Will promote entrepreneurship skills that lead to sustainable employment opportunities.

IMPACTS ON UNDER PINNING PRINCIPLES Resilience • Good roads will help creating a more conducive environment for business and consequently a more diversified economy. • Good roads will create access to the victims during disasters. They also strengthen mechanisms of disaster preparedness and management. • Road projects will impact skills by producing well equipped workforce to increase the productivity and provide better economic activities. • Good airports will help creating a more conducive environment for business

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and consequently a more diversified economy. • Good Airports will create access to the victims during disasters. They also strengthen mechanisms of disaster preparedness and management. • Aviation projects will impact skills by producing well-equipped workforce to increase employment

• Telecommunications will provide access to the victims during disasters. They also strengthen mechanisms of disaster preparedness and management. • IT projects will impact skills by producing well equipped workforce to increase the productivity and better economic activities.

Human Rights The NDP II takes a rights-based approach to human rights – political, economic and social rights. Development of the Extractives sector in particular needs to take into careful account of human rights issues.

Examples of some of the most relevant Human Rights Conventions to provide guidance on this include:15

• Right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its application: [UDHR art. 27; ICESCR art. 15(1)(b)] • Right to access to information: [UDHR art. 19; ICCPR art. 19(2)] • Right to adequate housing, including land and resources: [UDHR art. 25; ICESCR art. 11] • Equal rights of women to financial credit and rural infrastructure: [CEDAW art. 13(b), art. 14(2)] • Right to work and to just and favourable conditions of work: [UDHR art. 23; ICESCR arts. 6, 7, 10; CRPD art. 27; ILO Core Labour Conventions and ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work] • Prohibition of slavery, forced labour, and trafficking of persons: [UDHR art. 4; ICCPR art. 8; CEDAW art. 6; CRC arts. 34-36] • Equal rights of women in relation to employment: [CEDAW art. 11; ILO Conventions No. 100 and No. 111] • Prohibition of child labour: [CRC art. 32; ILO Convention No. 182] • Equal labour rights of migrant workers: [CMW art. 25]

15https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/MDGs/Post2015/SDG_HR_Table.pdf 14

IMPACTS AND DEPENDENCIES ON OTHER SECTORS IN THE NDP II The infrastructure sector is a key enabler for all the sectors in the NDP II, with a large range of co-dependencies. Given the important role that the infrastructure sector plays in Somaliland, its development has a direct impact on all sectors, and vice-a-versa. A narrative summary is set out below followed by a cross-reference to key outcomes in the results-based matrices in the NDP II Sectors. See Annex 4.

Economy The infrastructure sector has a direct impact on the economy. The investment in the Berbera Port is hoped to bring about transformational change to the economy. Similarly, the flagship Berbera Corridor is anticipated to do the same. Reforms in land use management, urban planning will also have an impact on the economy – both formal and informal. Other than these flagship projects, smaller infrastructure investments will also improve access to markets – be it through investments in transport infrastructure or ICT.

Energy and Investments in infrastructure will have a direct impact on the Energy and Extractives Extractives sector.Urban planning will need to take into account both energy and ICT infrastructure. Strategic infrastructure investments will also benefit the extractives sub-sector. Investments in ICT will also benefit both energy and extractives.

Production 70 per cent of Somaliland’s population are dependent on agricultural and livestock production. 44 per cent of the population are rural or nomadic. The road transport network needs to be expanded to connect remote (productive) communities with the markets for their produce. These roads can also provide improved access to services. The priority outcomes include maintenance and improvement of rural roads to “all-season” operations as well as development of the trunk network. The trunk network gives improved access to ports for export of animals and import of goods.

The government’s priority is to increase higher productivity, moving up value chains and looking for opportunities in different markets. The proposed infrastructure development in land, sea and air transport will encourage inward investment and lower costs of manufactured goods.

Recent developments in relation to ICT innovations are also improving access to information for small to medium farm holders in relation to market prices, and market demands.

Governance Legislation and regulatory frameworks for regulating the infrastructure sector - most importantly land, urban planning, and ICT. To enhance investment, and economic growth priority legislation includes access to land and finance. The infrastructure sector is intrinsically linked to these sectors and needs to work in close cooperation with the economic, governance, agriculture, and environment sectors. Clarification of roles and responsibilities between central and local governments will be important in this regard.

Education The infrastructure sector has specifically prioritised increased funding into scientific research on technological advancement by 10 percent. This includes targets of increasing nation budget for research and development on a range of priority areas, including those identified above and the development of national data management. This will need to be expanded during project design.

Health The priorities identified in infrastructure have a direct co-relation with the health sector. For example, with urban planning, health facilities can be better planned. With transport infrastructure planning – access to health services can be improved. ICT developments can also improve access to health services,

WASH The infrastructure sector has prioritised urban planning which has a direct impact on the WASH sector. With better knowledge, water forward-looking master plans can be developed, and investments strategically made.

Environment The infrastructure sector has a close relationship with the environment sector, particularly as in relation to urban planning, and transport infrastructure. The Ministry of Environment and

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Rural Development is one of the four Ministries charged with land administration – and is thus an important stakeholder. However, investments in transport infrastructure will also need to take into account Somaliland’s already fragile infrastructure.

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PROGRAM SKETCHES

WHAT ARE PROGRAM SKETCHES? The following charts show indicative arrangements, or “Program Sketches” that bring NDP II priority outcomes together under a single program umbrella, mainly from an operational point of view (expected synergy during implementation, common institutional arrangements).

Each chart includes:

1. The Government institutions that, based on their institutional mandates, should be involved in project design and/or project implementation.

2. The key outputs for each NDP II priority outcome, as identified by the sector in their SPF matrix. Note that this SPF matrix (Annex 2) also lists key activities to produce these outputs. However, these activities are not included in the charts.

3. A list of relevant enablers or output categories, that can assist staff in defining outputs in a more comprehensive way when designing Project Concept Notes and actual detailed Project Proposals. This is normally done in dialogue with potential financers and/or implementation partners.

It is important to understand that the Program Sketches:

❖ Represent Government’s view of how priority NDP II outcomes can be logically grouped under different programs from an operational point of view.

❖ Are NOT meant to be a graphic presentation of a complete logical framework of a project, i.e. including all outcomes and outputs of that project. They are meant to be a flexible tool that can be useful during the negotiation and design phase of projects in discussion with potential donors and implementation partners. Additional effort will be required to think through optimum project designs.

❖ Therefore, actual realistic project design proposals can include any of the following:

• All outcomes and outputs from a single program sketch • Only some of the outcomes and outputs from a single program sketch • Outcomes and outputs from different program sketches (integrated approach) • NPP II outcome with additional outputs and activities that are currently NOT included in the SPF

In short, the Program Sketches, in combination with the SPF Matrix in Annex 2 are meant to provide building blocks (outcomes and outputs) for the design of future projects that focus on the achievement of NDP II priorities.

SUGGESTED PRIORITY PROGRAMS FOR THE SECTOR All priority NDP II outcome and relevant outputs have been grouped under the following Programs:

1. Transport infrastructure and urban development 2. Information and Communication

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PROGRAM SKETCH: Transport infrastructure and urban development

IMPORTANT: The sketch shows government Ministryof Transport and Roads Development Roads Development Agency institutions with a relevant mandate for the program WITHOUT indicating Lead Institutions. These are defined when designing actual projects and may be different for each project. Ministryof Public Works, Land and Housing Sector Program INF1 Local Governments Transport infrastructure and urban development Civil Aviation and Airports Somaliland Ports Authority Management Authority

Outcome INF_09.04 Outcome INF_09.03 Outcome INF_11.03 Outcome INF_09.01 Outcome INF_11.04 Outcome INF_11.01 By 2021 Somaliland will By 2021, Somaliland will expand Improve access to safe, affordable, accessible By 2021, increase 2% of rural By 2021, ensure that at least 30% of the By 2021, increase access for increase the capacity of ports and increase jetties and sustainable terrestrial transport systems by population living within 2km to cities have inclusive and sustainable all residence to adequate, national air flight capacities by 33% 20%, with special attention to the needs of those motorable roads for all seasons urban planning and management in 23 safe and affordable housing in vulnerable situations, women, children, (1km Road/ population) main (electoral) districts by 20% persons with disabilities and older persons

Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ 10,000 residential houses for Hargeisa Airport will be Expansion and improvement of Driving test and MOT test centres 400 kilometres of existing S/L major Comprehensive master Somaliland government upgraded and equipped with Berbera port building and in the major 6 cities of S/L roads and bridgesrehabilitated plans developed for all the employees built in the 6 main cargo and luggage handling equipped 400 M New established (Berbera-Burao Las-Anod road) 6 grade A districts in facilities Container terminal Somaliland regions

Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Develop and upgrade 6 local Construction of strategic 4 Regulate and expand bus lanes in Inter connect cities by Standardised national building 700 kilometres of new roads airports into international jetties in Saylac, Eildaraad, the urbanised areas of the major creating detailed design codes and specifications constructed (Hargeisa -Eil Sheikh- Maydh and Laasqoray cities and employ road safety Lawyo Ado Road; Hargeisa – equipment such as cameras Odweyne-Buroa Road; and Borama - Output INF_ Zeila Road) Output INF_ Establish policies and Output INF_ Structures of the main motivate domestic flights 1 tug boat, 1 tug pilot, and 3 cities to be identified: small boats supplied drainage, greening areas, Output INF_ fountains and parks Road safety measures such as speed Output INF_ cameras, road signs and speed Enhance knowledge, experience breakers for 1000 Kilometres of S/L Output INF_ 100 staff for Marine major roads introduced and Develop health and safety Department operationalised department in Marine Department in Berbera port and provide required equipment in 2019

Outcome INF_09.04 Outcome INF_09.03 Outcome INF_11.03 Outcome INF_09.01 Outcome INF_11.04 Outcome INF_11.01 RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME Regulatory instruments X Regulatory instruments X Regulatory instruments X Regulatory instruments X Regulatory instruments X Regulatory instruments X System development X System development X System development X System development X System development System development X Human capacity building X Human capacity building X Human capacity building X Human capacity building X Human capacity building X Human capacity building Equipment and materials X Equipment and materials X Equipment and materials X Equipment and materials X Equipment and materials Equipment and materials X Infrastructure developm. X Infrastructure developm. X Infrastructure developm. X Infrastructure developm. X Infrastructure developm. Infrastructure developm. X Research & Knowledge X Research & Knowledge X Research & Knowledge X Research & Knowledge X Research & Knowledge X Research & Knowledge Awareness building Awareness building Awareness building Awareness building Awareness building Awareness building

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PROGRAM SKETCH: Information, Communication and Technology

IMPORTANT: The sketch shows government Ministry of Transport and Roads Development Ministry of Communication and Technology Roads Development Agency institutions with a relevant mandate for the program WITHOUT indicating Lead Institutions. These are defined when designing actual projects and may be different for each project.

Sector Program INF2 Ministry of Public Works, Somaliland Ports Authority Information, communication and Land and Housing technology Civil Aviation and Airports Management Authority

Outcome INF_09.05 Outcome INF_09.06 Outcome INF_09.08 Outcome INF_?? by 2021, the government of Somaliland By 2021, increase the number of By 2021, the government of Somaliland By 2021, the government of Somaliland will have increased funding into scientific engineers and skilled technical will increase universal and affordable will have fully fledged legal framework researches on technological specialist working in the access to relevant information and for the regulation and development of advancement within the Somaliland infrastructure sector by 20% communication technology by 15% telecom and ICT sector

Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ Telecommunications and ICT TVETs and Universities increase National e-government strategy Somaliland Telecom and health standards improved telecommunication and IT developed and implemented ICT regulatory Authority and implemented engineering graduations established

Output INF_ National postal infrastucture Output INF_ Output INF_ Output INF_ established Postal services expansion Telecommunications and IT Regulations established survey completed professional associations established for management of: TELECOM SPECTRUM Output INF_ POSTAL SERVICES Government information sharing ICT Output INF_ Output INF_ and knowledge management DATA MANAGEMENT National policy for licensing and National datacentre protocols operationalised established regulating ITC professionals developed Output INF_ ITC literacy of and use of digital Output INF_ technology by the population Interoperability of Somaliland improved telecom operators in place

Outcome INF_09.05 Outcome INF_09.06 Outcome INF_09.08 Outcome INF_?? RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / RELEVANT OUTPUT CATEGORIES / ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME ENABLERS FOR THIS OUTCOME Regulatory instruments X Regulatory instruments X Regulatory instruments X Regulatory instruments X System development X System development System development X System development Human capacity building X Human capacity building X Human capacity building X Human capacity building X Equipment and materials X Equipment and materials Equipment and materials Equipment and materials Infrastructure developm. X Infrastructure developm. Infrastructure developm. X Infrastructure developm. Research & Knowledge Research & Knowledge Research & Knowledge Research & Knowledge Awareness building Awareness building Awareness building Awareness building

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CURRENT PROJECTS MAPPED

Projects currently mapped in November 2018. This section is live and will be updated regularly. This does not include the significant contribution by the private sector.

PROJECT TITLE DESCRIPTION LOCATION FUNDERS IMPLEMENTERS STATUS

Sustainable Road Improving the capacity of road authorities, Maintenance Hargeisa EU , German Federal SL – Ministry Transport Ongoing Maintenance Project and rehabilitation of up to 140 km paved road network Ministry for Economic Roads Development (SRMP) Cooperation, ,Roads Development

Development (BMZ) Agency Environment

Somaliland/Somalia The development objective of the Urban Investment Hargeisa MPF Donors: EU, UK, Ministry of Planning and Ongoing Urban Investment Planning Project for Somali is to provide: (i) an Berbera? Germany, Sweden, National Development, Planning Project Norway, Denmark, Hargeisa; Hargeisa Water (SUIPP) assessment of the feasibility of, and preliminary plans Switzerland, SPF, Agency for, selected urban investment, and institutional Finland, USA, Italy strengthening activities in Somaliland and elsewhere,(ii) enhanced project preparation and implementation capacity of participating agencies.

Sustainable Road Technical assistance to the Somali Road Authorities Hargeisa German Development GIZ Ongoing Maintenance Project Cooperation

Somaliland Rehabilitation of a 21.1 km section of the main Hargeisa Dilla-Kalabaydh UK-DFID Mott MacDonald Completed Development Fund: Borama road, between Kalabaydh and Dila. DANIDA Dilla-Kalabaydh Road Norway Approximately 195,100 of the Somaliland population The Netherlands benefit directly from the rehabilitated road.

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PROJECT TITLE DESCRIPTION LOCATION FUNDERS IMPLEMENTERS STATUS

Lafaruug - Berbera - Improved road conditions from Hamaas to Berbera Sheikh – Berbera – UK-DFID Mott MacDonald Completed Sheikh Rehabilitation security check point (38.3 km), from Hamaas to Hamaas – towards DANIDA Project Hargeisa Norway Hargeisa (approximately 35.5 km) and from Berbera The Netherlands security check point to Sheikh (61 km) and rehabilitation of Hudisa bridge; benefit approx. 700,000 people

Total length of rehabilitated road – 155.9 km

Capacity development of the Road Development Agency with training and purchase of laboratory and road maintenance equipment

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NEXT STEPS

The sector booklets are a point of departure for sectors intensifying the dialogue with financers and implementation partners regarding the formulation of actual investments and projects, while ensuring alignment with NDP II priorities. After their endorsement by the National Planning Commission, each sector is expected to take the following steps:

SECTOR DIALOGUE WITH DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS The chair and co-chair of the relevant Sector Coordination Forum (SCF) prepare a meeting with the following agenda:

1. A presentation of the NDP II priority outcomes and Program sketches by the Sector Technical Team. 2. A discussion between SCF members about the following: o What are important gaps that need to be addressed in relation to each program sketch? How to address them? o What are potential quick wins, i.e. activities that quickly lead to tangible results (outputs). What type of assistance is needed to achieve these quick wins (technical assistance, funding,infrastructure etc)? o What kind of outputs can Government achieve itself with only minimal assistance of development partners? What would be the time-frame to achieve them? DRAFT o How do on-going projects and negotiations for new projects align with the sector program sketches? Are adjustments needed? 3. Brainstorming on possible projects that will be crucial for program implementation, taking into consideration on- going projects and negotiations, as well as the identified gaps. 4. How to move forward regarding resource mobilization and project design? This should lead to an Action Plan with targets, deadlines and responsibilities, based on a clear division of labour in the sector. RESOURCE MOBILISATION MoPND suggests the following to facilitate the implementation of the formulated Action Plan in each sector:

1. The SCF identifies a “sector champion”, i.e. the development partner(s) best placed to assist the sector chair institution in the implementation of the Action Plan. 2. A strategic conversation is started with donors and the private sector to organise a multi-sector investment forum. For example: o Energy, Economy and Infrastructure o Production, WASH and Environment o Education, Health and Cross-cutting o Governance 3. This forum should showcase tangible examples of investments in Somaliland and the region, bring together a community of practice, identification of what is needed in the Somaliland context to push the sector forward, commitments from government, private sector and partners to jointly engage in the design of these projects. PROJECT DESIGN Once identified partnerships to engage in project design the following steps are suggested for each project:

o Drafting a Project Concept Note (which should identify existing assessments and potential data sources) o Consolidation of potential financing sources and securing funds for detailed project design o Detailed project design based on the approved Concept Note o Conclusion of financing and implementation agreements with participating financers and implementation partners.

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ANNEX 1. SUMMARY OF ALL OUTCOMES FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE

INF Outcome Priorities

INF9 - 1 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will increase 2% of rural population living within 2 KM to motorable roads for all seasons (1km Road/ population) ✓ INF9 - 2 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will decrease the traffic volume in the urban areas 25% by developing urban road networks INF9 - 3 By 2021, Somaliland will expand Ports and increase jetties capacity by 33% ✓ INF9 - 4 By 2021, Somaliland will increase the capacity of national air flight transportation services by 50% ✓ INF9 - 5 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will increase funding into scientific research on technological advancement within the Somaliland context by 10% ✓ INF9 - 6 By 2021, increasing the number of engineers and skilled technical specialists working in the Infrastructure Sector by 20% By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will increase the share of national budget and stakeholders funding allocated to the development of infrastructure by INF9 - 7 10% INF9 - 8 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will increase universal and affordable access to relevant information and communications technology by 15% INF11 - 1 By 2021, increase access for all residence to adequate, safe and affordable housing by 20% ✓ INF11 - 2 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will decrease the proportion of population living in slums by 30% By 2021, improve access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable terrestrial transport systems by 20%, with special attention to the needs of those in ✓ INF11 - 3 vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons By 2021, the government of Somaliland will ensure that at least 30% of the cities that has inclusive and sustainable urban planning and management in 23 ✓ INF11 - 4 main (electoral) districts By 2021, 30% of the urban population will have universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and INF11 - 5 children, elderly and persons with disabilities INF11 - 6 By 2021, 20% of construction sites will be monitored using quality control mechanisms

NDPII Sector Priorities 23

ANNEX 2. PRIORITISED OUTCOMES BY SECTOR TEAMS

Annex 2 presents the inputs received from the Sector Technical Teams. These are draft inputs from the Sector Technical Trams and are there to inform design of programs and projects.

TABLE 4.1 PRIORITIZED OUTCOME, OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

Priority Outcome Indicators Baseline (2016) Final Target (2021) Priority interventions

INF9-4 By 2021 Somaliland will increase the capacity Number of functioning airports 1. Construction New Terminal in Hargeisa of national air flight transportation services by 50%. Number of passengers. Airport. Total Cargo in tonnes 2. Construction New Runway & New Terminal of Number of air carrier companies working in Berbera Airport. Somaliland 3. Construction of Runway & Terminal of Borama Airport. 4. Construction of Runway & Terminal of Erigavo Airport. 5. Construction of Runway & Terminal of Burao Airport. 6. Establishment of Aviation Academy. 7. Establishment of Civil Aviation Authority.

Lead MDA Knowledge Laws/Policies Systems Human Capacity Materials Infrastructure Awareness Output Type: Civil Aviation Authority ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

OUTPUT KEY ACTIVITIES: Lead MDA 2018 2019 2020 2021 1. Hargeisa Airport will be upgraded and 1.1 Upgrading of Hargeisa airport by equipping with luggage and cargo handling facilities. Civil Aviation & Airports ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ equipped with cargo and luggage 1.2 Equipping Hargeisa airport with more sophisticated security equipment. Authority handling facilities. 1.3 Installing Hargeisa airport with lighting facilities for night flights.

2. Develop and upgrade 6 local airports 2.1 Upgrade 6 regional airports from gravel to asphalt runway levels with new terminals. into international levels. 2.2 Fencing all the 6 regional airports with security barriers. 3. Establish policies and motivate 2.3 Stimulating local investment for domestic flights to and from all the 6 regions of Somaliland domestic flights

NDPII Sector Priorities 24

TABLE 4.1 PRIORITIZED OUTCOME, OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

Priority Outcome Indicators Baseline (2016) Final Target Priority interventions INF9-3 By 2021, Somaliland will expand ports 3.1 Number of TEUS per year (2021) and increase jetties capacities by 33% 3.2 Number of functioning jetties. 1.1 1.1 3.1 expand and improvement of Berbera Port 3% 5% 3.3 Construction of strategic jetties 3.3 Provision of ships and boats.

Lead MDA Knowledge Laws/Policies Systems Human Capacity Materials Infrastructure Awareness Output Type: Somaliland Ports Authority ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

OUTPUT KEY ACTIVITIES: 2018 2019 2020 2021

1. Expansion and improvement of Berbera 1.1 Building and equipped 400M New Container ✓ port building and equipped 400M New 1.2 The current multi-purpose terminal to be renovated and equipped Container 1.3 Purchasing new Navigation aids 1.4 Supplying ISPS/Port state control system 1.5 Building Dry dock in Berbera port to provide repairing and maintaining vessels/ships required emergency. 1.6 Build new passenger jetty in Berbera for utilizing local and international passengers 2. Construction of strategic 4 jetties in 2.1 construction and rehabilitation mechanisms for 4 strategic Jetties in Saylac, Eildaraad, Maydh and Laasqoray to enhance ports capacities ✓ Somaliland for handling and logistics for general Cargos allocated both locally and cross border. 3. Supplying 1 tug boat, one tug pilot, and 3.1 n Purchasing 1 Tug boat, 1 pilot boat and 3 small boats to increase berthing capacities in the Berbera Port three small boats 3.2 purchasing 2 commercial ships and 4 boats to enhance marine transports in Somaliland. 4. Enhance knowledge and experience 4.1 Providing work related training for 100 marine department staffs to enhance their skills. 100 staff for Marine Department in 2022 4.2 Providing internship and skills training for 50 young graduates and unemployed youth both urban and rural areas in the fields piloting and marine services, engineering, ports management, truck and forklift driving, and crane operators. 4.3 Providing full training for 5 young pilots to cover demanding new pilots following port expansion. 5. Develop health and safety department 5.1 Establish health and safety department in the SPA and recruit 5 staffs. in Marine Department in Berbera port and 5.2 Providing health and safety training for 50 marine staffs to prevent and maintain incidents and emergency providing the required equipment in 2019 5.3 Providing one firefighting boat and two firefighting trucks to prevent and manage the fire 5.4 To purchase number of firefighting equipment to prevent fires and dealing with emergencies 5.5 Supplying 70 Mar staffs life Jacket, safety materials (PPE), and uniforms to the Marine Department staffs.

NDPII Sector Priorities 25

TABLE 4.1 PRIORITIZED OUTCOME, OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

Priority Outcome Indicators Baseline Final Target (2021) Priority interventions INF9-1. By 2021, the Government of Somaliland Percent of the rural population (2016) 1.1 Full rehabilitation and Construction (Ongoing roads) will increase 2% of rural population living within who live within 2 Km of an all- 1. Berbera – Burao- Las Anod -Ganbadha Road 2km to motorable roads for all seasons (1km season road. 1.1 5% 2. Berbera Corridor (Berbera – Wajaale Road) Road/ population) • 3. Hargeisa - Baligubadle Road 3% 4. Hargeisa - Salahley-Ina Guhha 5. Ina Afmadobe – Erigavo Road

Expansion of national road network by constructing new roads 1. Hargeisa -Eil Sheikh- Lawyo Ado Road 2. Hargeisa – Odweyne-Burao Road 3. Borama - Zayla Road 4. Burao – Buhodle Road 5. Erigavo – Laas Qorey Road 6. Construction of Key Primary Roads, Secondary Roads, Feeders Roads 7. Promote Road Maintenance Programs in urban areas (both full maintenance and potholes maintenance 8. Construction and maintenance of bridges in key strategic areas 9. Feasibility Study for the extension of Berbera Corridor

Lead MDA Knowledge Laws/Policies Systems Human Capacity Materials Infrastructure Awareness Output Type: RDA ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

NDPII Sector Priorities 26

OUTPUT KEY ACTIVITIES: 2018 2019 2020 2021

1. Rehabilitating 400 kilometres of existing S/L 1.1. Reviewing/conducting baseline surveys in 400 Km of roads and 7 bridges to be rehabilitated or maintained, specifically Berbera- ✓ ✓ ✓ major roads and bridges. Burao Las-anod road. 1.2 prepare projects by costing major interventions 1.3 Develop maintenance, construction and rehabilitation mechanisms 1.4 implement and supervise works.

2. Construct 700 kilometres of new roads 2.1 constructing 700 kilometres of new roads in both asphalt and gravel level including Hargeisa -Eil Sheikh- Lawyo Ado Road, Hargeisa – Odweyne-Buroa Road and Borama - Zayla Road

3. Establish regulations, facility and road safety 3.1 Establishing and implement regulations for road safety measures such as introducing of speed cameras, road signs and speed measures such as road signs, road safety breakers for 1000 Kilometres of S/L major roads . cameras and speed breakers.

NDPII Sector Priorities 27

TABLE 4.1 PRIORITIZED OUTCOME, OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

Priority Outcome Indicators Baseline (2016) Final Target (2021) Priority interventions INF11-3. By 2021, improve access to 3.1. Number of cities with central public transport 3.1 3.1 • Improve road safety standards; prepare safe, affordable, accessible and terminals/stations competent public transport drivers test and sustainable terrestrial transport TBD examination guidelines. systems by 20%, with special 3.2. Number of bus lines Not Available • Expand bus-lines and establish central bus attention to the needs of those in 3.2 terminal in major cities. vulnerable situations, women, 3.3. Proportion of women, children 3.2 • Incorporate public transport with convenient children, persons with disabilities and TBD seats for disabled and elderly people older persons

Lead MDA Knowledge Laws/Policies Systems Human Capacity Materials Infrastructure Awareness Output Type: Ministry of Transport ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

OUTPUT KEY ACTIVITIES:

1. Establish driving and MOT test 1.1 reform driving license authority by establishing knowledgeable staff. centres in the major 6 cities of SL 1.2 create knowledge and standardise the driving test knowledge both theory and driving skills 1.3 rehabilitate centres for driving and MOT test in all major cities in SL 1.4 regulate and expand bus lanes in the urbanised areas of the major cities and employ road safety equipment such as cameras.

NDPII Sector Priorities 28

TABLE 4.1 PRIORITIZED OUTCOME, OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

Priority Outcome Indicators Baseline (2016) Final Target (2021) Priority interventions

IN11-4. By 2021, increase access for all 4.1 Number of cities with master plans Not available 30% Establish government employee housing schemes residence to adequate, safe and affordable Improve and enforce building codes and specifications for building constructions housing by 20% Develop and implement land policy for reducing land financial cost and violence including urban regulatory framework

Lead MDA Knowledge Laws/Policies Systems Human Capacity Materials Infrastructure Awareness Output Type: Ministry of Public Works ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

OUTPUT KEY ACTIVITIES: Lead MDA 201 2019 202 2021 Public Works 8 0

1.Comprehensive master plans to 1.1 National land policy to be finalised and employed ✓ ✓ ✓ be developed for all the 6 grade A 1.2 Urban regulatory Framework to be implemented districts in Somaliland 1.3 Drafting and passing Somaliland land act 1.4 Conducting surveys and producing detailed designs for urban planning for the 6 major cities in Somaliland. 2. Inter connect cities by creating 2.1 Undertake detailed spatial planning and design. detailed design. 2.2 Classifying urbanised areas for example into social, commercial, and residential areas.

3. Structures of the main cities to 3.1 Designing and constructing proper drainage systems in the major cities of Somaliland. be identified. 3.2 Greening of major urban areas by planting more trees and green areas 3.3 Constructing fountains and picnic parks for all major cities.

NDPII Sector Priorities 29

TABLE 4.1 PRIORITIZED OUTCOME, OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES Priority Outcome Indicators Baseline (2016) Final Target (2021) Priority interventions

INF9-5.by 2021, the government of 5.1 research and development expenditure Somaliland will have increased funding into as a proportion of official budget 5.1 5.1 -increase national budget for research and development Not available 10% scientific researches on technological -develop national research for strategy advancement within the Somaliland context by 10% -develop national data management - increase funding for improvements ICT and telecommunication health standards

Lead MDA Knowledge Laws/Policies Systems Human Capacity Materials Infrastructure Awareness Output Type: Ministry of PW ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

OUTPUT KEY ACTIVITIES: 2018 2019 2020 2021

1. ICT health standards developed and 1.1 Develop ICT and telecommunication health standards ✓ implemented 1.2 Carry out national research for Towers inspection for better telecommunication health standards ✓ ✓ ✓ 2. Postal services in Somaliland 2.1 Carry out baseline survey for expansion of postal services in all Somaliland regions ✓ ✓ ✓ expanded 3. National Data Centre established 3.1 Establishment of National Data Centre for better access and management of data ✓ ✓ ✓

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ANNEX 3. SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES Outcome Prioritised EMPLPOYMENT AND LABOUR LAB1 -1 By 2021, reduce the proportion of the population of Somaliland in extreme poverty by 20% (Employment and Labour) LAB4 -1 By 2021, increase the number of individuals who have relevant education and skills, including technical and vocational skills for employment by 20% LAB8 -1 By 2021, increase the proportion of men, women and youth including persons with disabilities in employment by 20%, 20% and 20%, respectively ✓ LAB8 -2 By 2021, reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training to 25% for males and 17% for females SOCIAL PROTECTION SOC 1 - 1 By 2021, reduce the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in extreme poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions by 20% ✓ SOC 1 - 2 By 2021, 30% of vulnerable population will have access to social protection systems SOC 1 - 3 By 2021, increase proportion of vulnerable people will have access to basic services from by 5% SOC 2 - 1 By 2021, alleviate the prevalence of undernourishment of rural and urban population by 12% SOC 2 - 2 By 2021, reduce the prevalence of food insecurity amongst rural and urban population by 10% SOC 3 - 1 By 2021, reduce HIV/AIDS new infections by 10%, and ensure access to information for all. By 2021, implement legal framework that will reduce all forms of discrimination against all marginalized groups (women, children, minority, people with SOC 5 - 1 disability and youth) everywhere SOC 5 - 2 By 2021, reduce the incidence of domestic violence against women by 16 % SOC 5 - 3 By 2021 reduce the incidences of rape and other forms of sexual violence by 50% SOC 5 - 4 By 2021, reduce the new incidences of FGM amongst young girls to 8% SOC 5 - 5 By 2021, reduce the new incidence of early and forced marriage by 5% By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will allocate 2% annual budget for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at SOC 5 - 6 all levels SOC 10 - 1 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will enact and adapt non-discriminatory policies and legislations YOUTH YOU 1 - 1 By 2021, will reduce the number of youth aged 15-35 living in poverty based on Somaliland definitions by 15% ✓ YOU 1 - 2 By 2021, 2% of youth aged 15-35 will be able to access financial services and micro-financing ✓ YOU 1 - 3 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland with international partners to establish a cross-ministry Youth and Sports Development Fund ✓ YOU 1 - 4 By 2018, the Government of Somaliland will have a pro-poor and gender sensitive Youth Policy By 2021, 50% of Somaliland Youth aged 15-35 will be aware of preventative measures to avoid contracting AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical YOU 3 - 1 diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases YOU 3 - 2 By 2021, 50% of Somaliland Youth aged 15-35 will be aware of the negative effects of Khat and other narcotic drugs including opportunities for treatment YOU 3 - 3 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will seek to reduce the number of traffic related deaths amongst Youth aged 15-35 by 25% YOU 3 - 4 By 2021, 60% of Somaliland youth will engage in sport, physical exercise and productive leisure activities ✓

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Outcome Prioritised YOU 4 - 1 By 2021, 30% of Somaliland Youth aged 15-35 will have access to an accredited vocational or higher education training course YOU 4 - 2 By 2021, 30% of Somaliland Youth aged 15-35 will have basic ICT skills and literacy YOU 4 - 3 By 2021, reduce proportion of youth in the vocational training and tertiary education access disparities between male and female Youth by 20% YOU 4 - 4 By 2021, reduce proportion of youth in the vocational training and tertiary education access disparities between rural and urban Youth by 15% By 2021, reduce proportion of youth in the vocational training and tertiary education access disparities between those Youth with and without disability by YOU 4 - 5 10% YOU 4 - 6 By 2021, 62% male Youth aged between 15-35 will be literate YOU 4 - 7 By 2021, 57% female Youth aged between 15-35 will be literate YOU 8 - 1 By 2019, Somaliland will have a functioning Youth Job Creation and Entrepreneurship Policy YOU 8 - 2 By 2021, 75% of Somaliland youth aged 15-35 will be in some form of employment, education or training ✓ YOU 8 - 3 By 2021, Somaliland Government will have an effective and practical policy prohibiting human trafficking YOU 16 - 1 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will have reduced individual participation in youth violence by 25% YOU 16 - 2 By 2021, reduce female youth exploitation and rape by 50% YOU 16 - 3 By 2021, will seek to have 30% of Somaliland political decision-making positions (Local Government/Parliament/MDAs) being youth aged 15-35 YOU 17 - 1 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will hold 5 National Youth Development Coordination and Monitoring Conferences

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ANNEX 4. CROSS-SECTOR DEPENDENCIES AND IMPACTS OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR

ECONOMY ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES PRODUCTION GOVERNANCE EDUCATION HEALTH WASH ENVIRONMENT ECO1 – 1. By 2021, reduce the EEX 4-1. By 2021, 70% of PRO 2 – 1. By 2021, 65% in GOV1 – 1: By 2021, the EDU3 – 3. By 2021, 5% HEA2 – 1. By 2021, WSH3 – 1. By 2021, ENV12 – 1. By 2021, proportion of the population students studying earth urban and 60% in rural of the Government of of students in higher reduce the number reduce water-borne, develop and apply legal of Somaliland in extreme sciences will meet minimum Somaliland population will have Somaliland will ensure education courses will of children who are water washed, and framework to achieve poverty by 20% (Economy) competency standards as access to and be able to afford that all men and women be enrolled in medicine, stunted by 15% and water related environmentally sound required by the Sector their daily basic food in particular, the poor health and medical reduce child wasting diseases by 10% management of chemicals requirement and the vulnerable, science courses. to less than 10% and all wastes have equal rights to economic resources ECO8 – 3. By 2021, EEX 4-2. By 2021, 70% of PRO2 – 2. By 2021, agricultural GOV5 – 1: By 2021, EDU4 – 1. By 2021, HEA 3 – 1. By 2021, WSH6 – 1. By 2021, ENV12 – 2. By 2021 Somaliland will devise students studying energy- production yield per hectare will reduce all forms of female gross enrolment reduce the maternal increase access to decrease the release of development and based courses will meet increase by 20% discrimination against rate in primary mortality ratio to safe and affordable point-source pollution entrepreneurship-oriented minimum competency all women education will increase less than 400 per drinking water for particularly to air and policy framework standards as required by the to 52% 100,000 live birth domestic use by 20% ground water by 20% Sector ECO 8 – 4: By 2021, formalize EEX 4-3. By 2021, the number PRO2 – 3. By 2021, the area of GOV5 – 2: By 2021, EDU4 – 2. By 2021, HEA 3 – 2. By 2021, WSH6 – 2. By 2021, ENV12 – 4. By 2021, existing Micro, Small, of students studying energy land under agricultural increase and promote female gross enrolment reduce under-5 increase access to reduce charcoal Medium Enterprises based TVET courses will cultivation will increase by 30% the number of female rate in secondary mortality to at least adequate and consumption from activities by 50% increase by 70% over 2016 workers in leadership education will increase 100 per 1,000 live equitable sanitation indigenous species by 35% levels positions in the public to 28% births, infant and hygiene by 10% in urban areas through use sector to 20% mortality to at least and reduce open of alternative energy 70/1000 and defecation by 4%, sources neonatal mortality paying special to at least 35 per attention to the 1,000 live births needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations ECO 8 – 6. By 2021, increase EEX 4-4. By 2021, 70% of PRO2 – 4. By 2021, the tonnage GOV10 – 1: By 2021, EDU4 – 3. By 2021, male HEA 3 – 3. By 2021, WSH6 – 3. By 2021, ENV13 – 1. Integrate the contribution of tourism University and TVET Students of fish harvested from achieve equal rights for gross enrolment rate in reduce the improve water international climate activities into the GDP by participating in Energy and Somaliland waters will increase all regardless of clan primary education will epidemics of AIDS to quality by reducing change measures into 10% Extractive courses will have an to 20% affiliation increase to 56% 5/1000 tuberculosis, by 30% of national policies, understanding of sustainable to 250/100,000, consumption of strategies and planning development principles for the malaria to less than water contaminated and strengthen resilience sector 0.9/1000 and with hazardous and adaptive capacity to hepatitis B dissolved chemicals climate-related hazards 130/100,000 and salinity and natural disaster ECO 8 – 7. By 2021, EEX 4-4. By 2021, USD 5 PRO2 – 5. By 2021, the weight in GOV10 – 2: By 2021, the EDU4 – 4. By 2021, male HEA 3 – 4. By 2021 WSH6 – 4. By 2021, ENV15 – 1. By 2021, strengthen the capacity of million will be secured and kgs per average animal head will Government of gross enrolment rate in develop competent increase allocate 10% of the domestic financial institutions utilized to provide for local increase by 25% Somaliland will ensure secondary education human resources management of country's land as to encourage and expand and international scholarships, orderly, safe, regular will increase to 34% and increase health household liquid and protected areas access to banking, insurance in higher education or TVET and responsible worker density to solid waste in major (watershed area and and financial services for all energy and extractive based migration and mobility 50% towns by 5% biodiversity hotspots) the businesses. courses of people for both inflows and outflows

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ECONOMY ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES PRODUCTION GOVERNANCE EDUCATION HEALTH WASH ENVIRONMENT ECO 9 – 2. By 2021, increase EEX 7-1. By 2021, 85% of PRO2 – 6. By 2021, livestock GOV16 – 1: By 2021, EDU4 – 8. By 2021, male HEA 3 – 5. By 2021 WSH6 – 5. By 2021, ENV15 – 2. By 2019, assess access to finance by Micro, Somaliland urban households export will increase by 25% each reduce 50% of all forms and female enrolment achieve universal substantially increase 45 potential major Small and Medium and industry will have access type of violence and related in all TVET course health coverage, water-use efficiency community-grazing Enterprises to 50% to electricity death rates everywhere programs will increase access to quality across all sectors and reserves and by 2021 to 10,000 students essential health-care ensure sustainable restore and conserve 15 of services to 60% by withdrawals (IWRM) them. extending EPHS to all districts ECO 9–3. By 2021, increase EEX 7-2. By 2021, 25% of PRO2 – 7. By 2021, the GOV16 – 2: By 2021, EDU4 – 9. By 2021, the HEA 3 – 6. By 2021, WSH6 – 6. By 2021, ENV15 – 3. By 2021, the number of research and Somaliland rural households percentage of GDP related to increase effectiveness number of University ensure universal reduce the number increase the number of development (R&D) of the and industry will have access livestock, agriculture and and efficiency of rule of course first year student access to sexual and of vulnerable people conserved and protected Somaliland population by to electricity fisheries of added value law at the national level enrolments will have reproductive health- suffering from water endangered flora and 10% and research spending production will reach to 2% and ensure equal access increased by 20% care services, scarcity in drought fauna species by 50% proportion of the GDP by to justice for all by 70% including family prone areas by 20% planning, 1.5% information and

education to increase CPR to 20%

ECO 17 – 4. Strengthen and EEX 7-3. By 2021, 10% of PRO2 – 9. By 2021, 30% of GOV16 – 3: By 2021, EDU4 – 11. By 2021, HEA 3 – 7. By 2021, WSH6 – 8. By 2021, promote effective public- national energy generation farmers and pastoralist will reduce the level of 70% of University reduce by 12% increase access for all private partnerships (PPP) will be provided by renewable apply drought resilient homicide and injuries graduates have mortality from non- residence to Programs energy sources agricultural practices emanating from illegal minimum IT literacy skill communicable adequate, safe and possession of small sets diseases through affordable housing by arms and light weapons prevention and 20% by 50% treatment and promote mental health and well- being EEX 7-5. By 2021, international PRO2 – 10. By 2021, 15% of local GOV16 – 4: By 2021, EDU4 – 12. By 2021, investment in renewable seeds landraces of food crops reduce all forms of 70% of TVET graduates energy technology, and fodder grasses will be organized crime by 50% have minimum IT infrastructure and research collected and purified through literacy skill sets will be increased to government and community USD30million accumulatively seed banks EEX 7-6. By 2021, reduce each PRO12 – 2. By 2018, an GOV16 – 5: By 2021, EDU4 – 13. By 2021, ESP system technical energy integrated and cross-sectorial Somaliland will have 60% of University losses through new watershed management policy maritime security graduates have gained infrastructure investment by will be developed; enabling policies, laws and employment in their 7.5% over 2016 levels sustainable agriculture and institutions in place and respective speciality 12 livestock production systems can assert control and months after sovereignty over its graduation and national maritime domain service

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ECONOMY ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES PRODUCTION GOVERNANCE EDUCATION HEALTH WASH ENVIRONMENT EEX 7-7. By 2021, increase PRO12 – 3. By 2021, increase EDU4 – 14. By 2021, national electricity system grazing reserves to 6 and 60% TVET graduates generation capacity supply by holding grounds to 5 for have gained 30 megawatts sustainable livestock grazing employment in their respective specialty 12 months after graduation and national service EEX 8-1. By 2021, 10% of PRO14 – 3. By 2021, number of EDU4 – 20. By 2021, Somaliland's land-mass will Somaliland's protected coastline urban and rural parity in have been explored for oil and areas will increase to 10 areas relation to primary and gas secondary school education access will be 0.6 EEX 8-1. By 2021, 5% of EDU4 – 27. By 2021, Somaliland's land-mass will 10% of current primary have been explored for and secondary schools minerals and 100% of new buildings must meet minimum infrastructure requirements including safe water supply; disable access; green space; male/female latrines and secure walls. EEX 8-3. By 2021, commercial EDU4 – 28. By 2021, electricity consumption in USD 3million will be MWhs will have increased by secured and distributed 25% over 2016 levels into science, technology, engineering and mathematics international scholarships for postgraduate students EEX 8-4. By 2021, a national framework will have promoted electricity trader business transactions with an annual net worth by USD1million

EEX 9-2. By 2021, the number of licensed prospective small scale miners in Somaliland will increase by 50% EEX 9-3. By 2021, prospective small scale miners will have increased access to USD3million in micro-financing services

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ECONOMY ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES PRODUCTION GOVERNANCE EDUCATION HEALTH WASH ENVIRONMENT EEX 9-4. By 2021, 10% of industrial power supply will be sourced from renewable energy sources EEX 9-5. By 2021, 10% of industrial power supply will be sourced from renewable energy sources EEX 9-7. By 2021, increase the legal export of cut and polished Gems by 20% EEX 9-8. By 2021, increase preliminary Mineral refining (separation) capacity to an accumulative 200,000 metric tonnes EEX 13-1. By 2021, the National Energy Policy will be reviewed to promote the increase of wind generation, solar generation, geo-thermal exploration, and strategies for incorporating clean coal technology

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ANNEX 5. PRIORITIES IDENTIFIED BY THE REGIONS

Awdal Marodijeeh Sahil Togdheer Sool Sanaag

1. Rural tarmac roads construction 1. Rural tarmac roads project to 1. Rural Feeding Roads project for 1. Establish Roads (Burco to 1. Housing for the poor families in 1. Sanaag Road project (complete project to construct following new complete following under constructing of all season motorable warabeeye, Ceeldheer to Gabagabo, Lasanod city Sanaag to Burco road roads construction roads road between Laas-ciidle to Elsheikh and Nasiye to Dhoqoshay) o Borama-Lawyado road o Hargeisa-Sallahley-Inaguha o BoramaLughaya o Hargeisa-Baligubadle , and o Hargeisa-El heikh o Alaybadey- Arabsiyo

2. Urban Drainage project for the 2. Hargeisa city infrastructure status 2. Reconstruct Burco airport 2. Reconstruction of lasanod airport 2. construction of housing project construction of a drainage system in improvement project (building cheap houses for the poor the four district headquarters o Constructing new ring road people) around the city o Constructing 2 new bridges (One in the east and one in the west of the capital city) o Establishing 4 bus stations o Establishing 8 recreation parks o Establishing full drainages system o Setting street lighting system

3. Construction and upgrading 3. Establish rent-to-own housing Borama Airport project project for government employees.

4. Sport Infrastructure Improvement 4. Sport Infrastructure Improvement project for project for the construction of o Establish more play grounds in o Modern public sport the big towns playground in each of the 4 o Training sport arbitrators districts (Hargeisa, Gabiley, Sallahley, Baligubadle) o One youth center in each of the 8 sub-districts in Hargeisa city

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