ANNUAL REPORT

of the

SOUTH CAROLINA

EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION .

COMMISSION

For The Fiscal Year From July 1, 1977 to June 30, 1978 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE I. HISTORY ...... 5 II. UTILIZATION AND SERVICES PROVIDED ...... 14 A. Summary of ETV's Purposes and Services ...... 14 B. Public School Utilization ...... 15 1. Instructional Television ...... 15 2. Instructional Radio ...... 15 3. lTV Course Enrollment Chart ...... 16 4. lTV Student Enrollment Chart ...... 17 C. Course Enrollment Summary ...... 18 1. Instructional Television ...... 18 2. Instructional Radio ...... 18 D. Utilization of Individual Courses ...... 18 1. Instructional Television ...... 18 2. Instructional Radio ...... 22 E. Courses by Grade Level ...... 23 1. Instructional Television ...... 23 2. Instructional Radio ...... 25 F. Staff Development Education for Teachers ...... 26 1. Certification Credit ...... 27 2. Adult Education ...... 27 3. Curriculum Areas ...... 28 4. Custodial Training ...... 29 5. Early Childhood Education ...... 29 6. Educational Products Center ...... 29 7. Guidance ...... 29 8. Handicapped ...... 30 9. Individually Guided Education ...... 30 10. lTV Utilization ...... 31 11. Paraprofessionals ...... 32 12. School Bus Safety ...... 32 13. School Management ...... 32 14. Series Utilization ...... 32 15. Talkback Conference ...... 33 G. Higher Education ...... 33 1. Summary ...... 33 2. College Credit at Home ...... 33 3. Closed Circuit College Credit ...... 34 4. Additional Higher Education Involvement ...... 36 H. Medical Education Activities ...... 37 I. Technical Education Activities ...... 37 J. State Agencies Served ...... 38 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

K. Service to Business and Industry ...... 38 L. Law Enforcement Training ...... 39 M . Adult and Continuing Professional Education ...... 40 N. Regional Production Facilities ...... 41 Ill. SOUTH CAROLINA'S EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ...... 44 A. The Closed Circuit Network ...... 44 1. Summary ...... 44 2. ETV Closed Circuit Outlets ...... 46 3. The Impact of Equipment on Utilization ...... 52 B. Broadcast Television Stations ...... 52 C. Public Television Programming ...... 53 D. Television Programming Summary ...... 56 E. Educational Radio ...... 57 1. Summary ...... 5'7 2. Instructional Radio for the Public Schools ...... 59 3. Educational Radio for the Blind ...... 60 F. Satellite Communications ...... 61 G. Statewide Weather Service ...... 63 H. ETV Commission Objectives ...... 63 IV. EVALUATIONS OF ETV ...... 65 A. South Carolina System Praised ...... 65 B. Studies Commend South Carolina Achievement .... 65 1. Carnegie Commission Study ...... 65 2. Cresap, McCormick & Padget Report ...... 66 3. Joint Legislative Study Committee's Report . . . . . 66 4. Moody Report ...... 66 5. S. C. Education Association Survey ...... 66 6. Teacher Attitude Survey ...... 66 7. Medical College of South Carolina Survey ...... 67 8. Law Enforcement Survey ...... 67 9. ETV Audience Surveys ...... 67 10. The Governor's Management Review Commission Report ...... 67 11. The New York Times ...... 68 12. State PTA Resolution ...... 68 13 . Governor's Proclamation ...... 69 C. Reports by ETV to the Public ...... 69 V. ETV AWARDS ...... 71 VI. ETV ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ...... 74 A. Administrative Support ...... 74

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

B. Division of Administrative Services ...... 74 C. Division of Continuing Education ...... 74 D. Division of Engineering ...... 74 E. Division of Programming Operations ...... 75 F. Division of Production ...... 75 G. Division of Radio ...... 75 H. Division of Special Services ...... 75 I. Organizational Chart ...... 77 J. ETV Staff ...... 78 K. ETV Commission Members ...... 78 VII. SOUTH CAROLINA ETV COMMISSION BUDGET ...... 79 VIII. NETWORK MAPS ...... 81 IX. SUMMARY, 1977-78 ...... 83

4 I. HISTORY

The following brief outline of the development and ac­ complishments of South Carolina's educational television system is included for reference purposes and as a basis of comparison for future developments. 1. 1957-58: The General Assembly passed a concurrent resolu­ tion which called for a study of the use of television in the public schools. R. M. Jefferies Jr. was chairman of the sub­ committee that carried out that study. On March 11, 1958, the committee recommended that a pilot project be set up in one Columbia school. 2. 1958-59: In the summer of 1958, a studio was built at Dreher High School and equipment installed under the direction of Henry J. Cauthen, technical director. During the school year, French and geometry were offered and the project was evaluated by R. Lynn Kalmbach of the Columbia City Schools. Public school ETV course enrollment: 300. 3. 1959-60: Educational television services were extended to five Columbia area schools and algebra was added to the programming originating from Dreher. Public school ETV course enrollment: 1,561. 4. 1960-61: The General Assembly created the South Carolina Educational Television Commission with R. M. Jefferies Jr. serving as chairman. The Commission selected R. Lynn Kalmbach as general manager. Four courses were offered on video tape to 31 schools in 11 counties. To provide for this closed circuit expansion, the first reduced tariff rate for educational television in the nation was negotiated. Public school ETV course enrollment: 3,297. 5. 1961-62: ETV course offerings were increased to seven. State agencies began utilizing ETV for continuing professional education with a pioneering program in post-graduate med­ ical education. For the first time, continuing professional education for South Carolina teachers was available through the ETV system. The closed circuit network was extended to include 50 schools in 26 counties. Public school ETV course enrollment: 14,397. 6. 1962-63: ETV course offerings increased to eleven. The closed circuit network was extended to all counties, reach­ ing 155 public high schools, 36 elementary schools, most state colleges, all university extension centers, five private colleges, two private high schools and ten hospitals. Public school ETV course enrollment: 18,463. 5 7. 1963-64: In September, the ETV Network signed on its first open circuit station, WNTV in Greenville, with WITV in Charleston signing on a few months later. ETV course offer­ ings continued to expand. Public school ETV course enroll­ ment: 47,203. 8. 1964-65: With the state in the midst of a dramatic business and industrial expansion, specialized training for personnel in these fields was offered. The closed circuit network con­ tinued to expand and funds were appropriated for the third open circuit station to be located in Columbia. In june, General Manager R. Lynn Kalmbach passed away. Public school ETV course enrollment: 88,704. 9. 1965-66: Henry J. Cauthen was named Executive Director of the ETV Network. ETV services expanded and diversified, offering elementary school series, programs for the general public, and increased series for continuing professional education with special emphasis on teacher education. The nation's first statewide program for training of law enforce­ ment officers was begun. Public school ETV course enroll­ ment: 90 ,308. 10. 1966-67: The Columbia open circuit station, WRLK-TV, signed on and was named in honor of the late R. Lynn Kalmbach. Extensive programming for elementary schools was offered for the first time through the three broadcast stations. ETV offerings for the public schools reached a total of 32 courses. Construction was begun on the next two stations of the state's open circuit network. Public school ETV course enrollment: 172,858. 11. 1967-68: WJPM-TV, Florence, signed on September 3 and was named for the Honorable James Pierce Mozingo Ill of Darlington. On September 5, WEBA-TV, Barnwell, signedon and was named for the Honorable Edgar Allen Brown of Barnwell. A demonstration project of multi-channel closed circuit transmission was initiated in 46 secondary schools in Greenville, Florence and Darlington counties. Public school ETV course course enrollment: 294,696. 12. 1968-69: On the basis of highly successful initial results, two additional channels were added to the Florence and Green­ ville multi-channel projects. In January, coverage for the Rock Hill area was added through the utilization of a trans­ lator. The Southern Educational Communications Associa­ tion (SECA), a non-profit organization consisting of nearly half of the ETV stations in the nation (serving states from Maryland to Texas) was organized and headquartered in 6 Columbia. At this time, the national public broadcasting network was established, interconnecting all ETV stations in the country, and the South Carolina ETV Network became the feeder point for all ETV stations in the Southern section of the country. Public school ETV course enrollment: 327,420. 13. 1969-70: Two additional channels and three schools were added to the closed circuit multi-channel network in the Spartanburg area. The nation's first live domestic satellite transmission was organized in Columbia by the S. C. ETV Commission. This historic program was transmitted from Columbia for live broadcast in Los Angeles, California. Pub­ lic school ETV course enrollment: 472,362. 14. 1970-71: The University of South Carolina, in cooperation with the ETV Commission, began a program of graduate study for South Carolina businessmen who wished to work toward an advanced degree in Business Administration. Classes were transmitted "live" over the ETV Network to 13 receiving classrooms throughout South Carolina. Each re­ ceiving classroom had "talkback" facilities so that all stu­ dents could have direct audio contact with the professor and/or other students. Students who qualified for admission to the program could complete all degree requirements in three calendar years while continuing regular employment. Similar talk-back programs were being conducted for teachers and nurses, and other programs were scheduled to begin with various agencies and educational institutions. Color mobile facilities were placed in operation, permitting the production of programs in every community in the state. Public school ETV course enrollment: 409,962. 15. 1971-72: System expansion was accomplished through the wiring of 1,042 classrooms in elementary schools to receive the broadcast stations and through the extended use of portable video tape recording equipment throughout the state. The system's impact on the national educational broadcasting scene was increased through the production of programs for national broadcast, through the election of President and General Manager Henry Cauthen to the Board of Directors of the Public Broadcasting Service, through Network participation in the planning of an Adult Learning Program Service, and through additional national and re­ gional programming awards. A color studio facility was put into operation and local instructional programs were first produced in color. The Network was again studied inten- 7 sively; it was again unanimously lauded by its appraisers. The Governor's Management Review Study Commission not only proclaimed that the Network was "accomplishing its mission" but also, among other favorable recommenda­ tions, recognized that the transmission system should be extended to every school and teacher in the state for both economic and educational reasons. The Commission fur­ ther recommended that new production and transmission headquarters were required for efficient operation. Support of ETV was further evidenced with the passage by the Gen­ eral Assembly of $3 .6 million in bonds to extend open circuit coverage in the state. Public school ETV course enrollment: 510,914. 16. 1972-73: The Network began operation of its FM educational radio network with the sign-on of WEPR in Greenville. This made possible the beginning of numerous services for blind and other handicapped South Carolinians. The closed cir­ cuit network was being expanded to 31 additional schools, higher education and other locations, and 97 schools re­ ceived increased multi-channel service. Local origination facilities, including studio and network programming capabilities, were created for the Columbia schools. Higher education institutions began receiving a second channel of service in 161ocations to make possible multi-channel origi­ nation for the innovative MBA and parallel programs. Further increases in services to the public schools, to higher education, to adult education, and to children's program­ ming occurred. Public school ETV course enrollment: 608,991. 17. 1973-74: The S. C. Educational Radio Network increased its services to the state with the sign-on of WSCI in Charleston, the second of five projected stations in the radio network. Federal funds were also granted to construct another educa­ tional radio station in Sumter, and the General Assembly authorized $2 .2 million in bonds to further extend open circuit coverage. Henry Cauthen received a Presidential ap­ pointment to the National Council on the Arts. ETV services to higher education increased dramatically, with 58 courses offered for college credit. The General Assembly authorized bonds to permit the construction of a permanent ETV head­ quarters and studio facility. The closed circuit network ex­ panded multi-channel service to 139 additional schools. In­ stallation was completed of an Instructional Television Fixed Service in Florence County to serve 17 schools, 11 of which, 8 prior to installation, received no closed circuit program­ ming. This new concept in transmission and reception of instructional television allowed many schools to receive in­ structional programming at a substantial savings. An ex­ panded system of television reception and special schedul­ ing was provided to support the highly innovative quinmes­ ter program in the Rock Hill area. Public School ETV course enrollment: 783,938. 18. 1974-75: The ETV Network began construction of long­ planned transmitting stations for Beaufort and Sumter; simultaneously, those two communities began construction of production facilities for those stations and the regional distribution centers of the closed circuit network in their respective areas. The local tape and delay center for re­ broadcasting instructional programs to the Spartanburg schools began operation. A teaching studio was created by the Lake City schools for feeding the 2500MHz system con­ structed last year and for teaching electronic maintenance and production to high school students. Closed circuit ser­ vice was improved by installing a second channel of service in 44 schools; a third channel in 116; second and third channels in 5; a fifth channel in 1; fourth, fifth and sixth channels were added to 5 schools; and 21 schools were connected to the network which had never previously re­ ceived any closed circuit service. In summary, closed circuit service was upgraded in 192 schools throughout the state. The most dramatic increases in ETV services were in the field of higher education. Five open circuit courses were offered for college credit at home, and more than 50 full credit courses were offered on closed circuit. Improved and in­ creased service to state agencies resulted in well over a million dollars in savings to the state, through statewide conferences held over the closed circuit which eliminated the travel and expenses normally associated with such meet­ ings. One out of every eight South Carolinians (318, 167) was enrolled in formal course credit over ETV. Public school course enrollment alone increased by 23.5% over the previ­ ous year. Public school ETV course enrollment: 968,411. 19. 1975-76: WRJA-TV, Channel 27 in Sumter and WJWJ-TV, Channel16 in Beaufort signed on in early September as the first of a series of additional S. C. ETV program outlets with local production studios provided by local communities. In addition, local funding was approved for studio facilities in Rock Hill, Spartanburg, Conway and Aiken, with construe- 9 tion complete at York TEC in Rock Hill. In the field of higher education, 5,205 were enrolled in one of over 60 college credit courses offered over the ETV closed circuit or broad­ cast facilities. Educational radio services expanded dramati­ cally with 20 Instructional Radio courses offered for the first time beginning in February. Over 10,000 students were en­ rolled in these classroom courses. Radio service was also expanded to include transmitting stations WMPR-FM from Sumter, and WLTR-FM from Columbia. A total of 178 prod­ ucts were produced for 34 state agencies and seven state associations at notable out-of-pocket savings to the state. Programming for the medical profession rose to 10 hours per week. STUDIO SEE , aS. C. ETV-produced program series for adolescents, was selected as one of the 28 programs to be presented nationally in the 1976-77 season by the Public Broadcasting Service. Eighty Instructional Television courses were offered for the public schools with an enroll­ ment of 1 ,097,032. 20. 1976-77: Federal Communications Commission approval was received for the Rock Hill television and radio stations to operate on UHF Channel 30 and FM 88.9 megahertz; with a Federal grant from HEW, the Network was able to begin planning equipment purchases. Construction of a transmit­ ting tower for Rock Hill was scheduled to begin in the sum­ mer of 1977, with a projected sign-on of January 1978. In December 1976, South Carolina became the second state in the nation to have a statewide weather information system, operated by the National Weather Service in conjunction with ETV. Transmitted from six ETV stations, the service provides round-the-clock broadcasts and emergency warn­ ings on current weather conditions. ETV began participation in an experiment with the Southern Educational Communi­ cations Association (SECA) to explore the use of satellite transmission for educational communications. Using a NASA Communications Technology Satellite (CTS), ETV programs will be transmitted from Columbia to 'stations in 15 states. In January 1977, the S. C. ETV series STUDIO SEE began broadcasts nationwide on over 200 member stations of the Public Broadcasting Service. Designed for youngsters aged 10-15, the series received an endorsement from the National Education Association as "recommended viewing" and was selected for a second season of broadcast on PBS (beginning in 1978). LOWELL THOMAS REMEMBERS II, pro­ duced by SECA through the facilities of S. C. ETV, also began 10 airing nationwide. AMERICAN POPULAR SONG WITH ALEC WILDER & FRIENDS, a series produced by the S. C. Educa­ tional Radio Network through a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and aired nationwide on National Public Radio, was the recipient of a coveted George Foster Peabody Broadcasting Award, the only public radio produc­ tion to be so honored during the year. S. C. ETV participa­ tion became an integral part of the first American Spoleto Festival, held in Charleston in May-June 1977. In addition to providing South Carolinians with nightly coverage of this milestone cultural event, ETV produced a preview of the festival for nationwide broadcast and videotaped Gian Carlo Menotti's opera, The Consul, which was scheduled for nationwide broadcast in 1978 as a GREAT PERFORMANCE SPECIAL. Twenty instructional radio courses were offered during the 1976-77 school year. The growing enthusiasm of teachers for this relatively new learning resource was evi­ denced by a dramatic increase in utilization: Over one­ fourth of all schools in the coverage area reported active use of instructional radio, and over 20,000 students were en­ rolled in radio courses -almost double the utilization figure for 1975-76. In the field of higher education, ETV broadcast 64 college credit courses, enrolling 4,063 students. Station WRJA in Sumter produced two courses for Winthrop Col­ lege, bringing its total to five such courses, which are broad­ cast over CATV in Rock Hill. Approximately 720 medical programs were distributed over ETV to teaching hospitals; 34 programs were produced with TEC. The number of state agencies being served by ETV almost doubled, with projects produced for 61 percent of all agencies. Ninety-four instruc­ tional television courses were offered for the public schools, with an enrollment of 1 ,316,623. 21. 1977-78: ETV continued its pioneering exploration of satel­ lite technology in a variety of programming areas. Novem­ ber 1977 marked the Network's first use of a satellite for continuing medical education, with the broadcast of a semi­ nar originating from the Disease Control Center in Atlanta and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Md. In November, S. C. ETV jointly broadcast the first simultane­ ous radio and television satellite transmission in history, live from Trinity Cathedral in Columbia; the program was transmitted to stations in the 15-state SECA coverage area. In December, S. C. ETV produced the U.S. segment of CHRISTMAS AROUND THE WORLD, a live satellite broad- 11 cast originating simultaneously from seven countries. In january 1978, ETV produced 21 hours of continuing medical education, a cooperative venture with the Medical Univer­ sity of South Carolina, the University of South Carolina, Spartanburg General Hospital and Richland Memorial Hos­ pital. Transmitted via satellite to closed circuit locations throughout the Southeast and to 30 hospitals in Ohio, the program also involved a two-way viewing system in some in-state locations. In May, ETV joined the PBS satellite sys­ tem, scheduled to link public television stations in all 50 states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands- the most exten­ sive facility of its kind in the world. ETV programming for nationwide audiences continued to include STUDIO SEE and LOWELL THOMAS REMEMBERS. Other public televi­ sion productions included a live debate between William F. Buckley jr. and Ronald Reagan on the Panama Canal Treaties; Gian Carlo Menotti's opera The Consul, taped at the previous year's Spoleto Festival in Charleston; and SPOLETO USA: A FESTIVAL DISCOVERS AMERICA, a view of the previous year's festivals in both Charleston and Spoleto, Italy. At the second Spoleto U.S.A. in May-June 1978, the Network again provided viewers statewide with nightly coverage of the festival, in addition to videotaping Samuel Barber's opera Vanessa, which was scheduled for PBS airing in 1979. STUDIO SEE received a National Achievement Award from Action for Children's Television (ACT); the series was also added to PBS' instructional broadcast schedule nationwide. AMERICAN POPULAR SONG WITH ALEC WILDER & FRIENDS, aS. C. ERN production for NPR, won an Ohio State Award, the oldest program competition in broadcasting. In january 1978, WNSC-TV, Channel30, and WPRV-FM 88.9 in Rock Hill signed on with a limited broad­ cast schedule. Both stations were scheduled to initiate full broadcasting in july. ETV President and General Manager Henry Cauthen was named to the Carnegie Commission, charged with conducting a study of the future of public broadcasting. Cauthen was also elected Chairman ProTem of the Board of PBS, the first time a station manager had been elected to such a position. Twenty-nine instructional radio courses were offered during the school year, with a 55 percent increase in series enrollment. ETV broadcast 60 closed circuit and five open circuit college credit courses; the latter included a new series, CINEMATIC EYE, a study of classic European films. One hundred and five instructional 12 television courses were offered for the public schools with an enrollment of 1,545,319. The South Carolina Educational Television Commission was created to provide a comprehensive educational opportunity for all citizens of the state. From its inception, the educational televi­ sion system has been committed to the ambitious task of uplifting, broadening and diversifying educational opportunities for all South Carolinians, irregardless of age , educational level or loca­ tion. The Commission and its Network have received acclaim from around the world for its carefully designed, comprehensive trans­ mission system and for its innovative programming and award­ winning production accomplishments. The Commission's statutory authority is contained in Section 21-60 of the Code of Laws of the State.

13 II. UTILIZATION AND SERVICES PROVIDED Summary of ETV's Purposes and Services The ETV Commission was created to provide comprehensive educational opportunities to all citizens of South Carolina. Television provides the state with the means to distribute the highest quality educational materials in the most economical man­ ner. It can be applied to all aspects ofthe state's educational system and can reach all geographic areas. In this way, the best possible educational opportunities are distributed to the widest possible population. In addition, the ETV Commission is charged with applying other telecommunications systems to the state's educational objectives. Among the major areas of service of the Commission are the following: Preschool Education Instructional Television and Radio for the Public Schools Teacher Staff Development Education Medical Education Law Enforcement Education Other Continuing Professional Education Business and Industrial Training Higher Education Education of Children at Home Informational, Cultural and Public Affairs Programming Special Educational Programming for the Handicapped

In 1977-78, ETV provided services as follows: Public Schools (322,598 Individuals in 105 TV Courses) Total Course Enrollment ...... 1,545,319 Public Schools (33,639 Individuals in 29 Radio Courses) Total Course Enrollment ...... 76,685 Staff Development Education for Teachers...... 9,382 College Credit Enrollment ...... 3,206 Medical Professionals ...... 16,980 Law Enforcement Officers (monthly) ...... 3,500 Basic Adult Education ...... 500 Business and Industrial Training ...... 48,000 All for 1.25 percent of the state's educational budget.

14 Public School Utilization Instructional Television Total Course Enrollment* 1973-1974 ...... 783,938 1974-1975 ...... 968,411 1975-1976 ...... 1,097,032 1976-1977 ...... 1,316,623 1977-1978 1,545,319 Individual Student Enrollment** 1973-1974 ...... 234,513 1974-1975 253,029 1975-1976 272,171 1976-1977 295,312 1977-1978 322,598 Total Schools Using 1973-1974 ...... 809 1974-1975 ...... 843 1975-1976 844 1976-1977 886 1977-1978 898

Instructional Radio Total Course Enrollment* 1975-1976 ...... 23,938 1976-1977 ...... 49,401 1977-1978 ...... 76,685 Individual Student Enrollment** 1975-1976 ...... 10,502 1976-1977 ...... 20,277 1977-1978 ...... 33,639 Total Schools Using 1975-1976 ...... 92 1976-1977 ...... 232 1977-1978 ...... 326 *This enrollment figure represents the total number of course exposures to stu­ dents; thus a student who takes two courses is counted two times. **This figure counts the student only one time, regardless of how many courses he or she may view.

15 COURSE ENROLLMENT 71·72 72·73 73·74 74·75 75q6 76·77 77·78 1600

1,500 1,545,319 1/• 1;400 I en 1,316,623 0 1~00 I z I < 1200 ' en 1)00 1,097,032 :J ' 0 1,000 968,411 ::1: t- 900 800 v783,938 700 600 vlaas,991 ~ I I 500 515,949

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1N3ft110liN31M~QRlS l~OQ\/\10 Nl Television Course Enrollment Summary Grades K-12 No. of Total Course Subject Area Courses Enrollment

Language Arts (Reading, Writing, Literature, Foreign Languages) .. . 28 504,869 Mathematics ...... 10 114,073 Science ...... 17 198,764 Social Studies ...... 23 385,154 Art ...... · · · · 5 34,724 Music ...... 8 113,416 Physical Education and Health ...... 5 122,858 Career Education ...... 4 38,360 Additional Resources ...... 5 33,101 105 1,545,319

Radio Course Enrollment Summary Grades K-12 No. of Total Course Subject Area Courses Enrollment

Language Arts ...... 13 50,355 Social Studies ...... 5 6,627 Health /Affective Education ...... 5 11,531 Science ...... 1 970 Mathematics ...... 1 965 Consumer Education ...... 1 1,181 Career Education ...... 1 521 Music ...... 2 4,535 29 76,685

Utilization of Individual Television Courses LANGUAGE ARTS: 28 COURSES Total Enrollment 504,869 (Reading, Writing, Literature and Foreign Languages) About Books: Intermediate ...... 20,386 About Books: Primary ...... 44,177 Bill Martin ...... 8,092 Contemporary Poetry ...... 3,254 Cover to Cover I ...... 37,180

18 Cover to Cover II 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,416

Creative Dramatics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,167

The Electric Company 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,469

En Franc;:ais 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,112

Franklin to Frost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,514

Getting the Word 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,924

Guten Tag 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 589

Guten Tag, Wie Geht's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 304

How Can I Tell You 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160

Humanities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,842

Letter People o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,694

Matter of Fact o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,437

Matter of Fiction 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,033

Our Living Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 ,097

Secondary Grammar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,958

Short Story Showcase 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,703

Survey of English Literature 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,391

Words Are for Reading 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,776

Wordshop o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,081

The Wordsmith o 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 ,133

Writing for a Reason 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,192

Writing Time 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 ,588

Zebra Wings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,200

MATHEMATICS: 10 COURSES Total Enrollment 114,073

Advanced Mathematics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 478

Adventures in Mathematics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,120

Geometry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,546

Math Matters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,756

Mathematical Relationships 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,546

MeasureMetric 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,314

Metric System 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 ,776

Modern Math 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,357

Number Train 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,935

Potpourri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,789

SCIENCE: 17 COURSES Total Enrollment 198,764

All About You 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,075

Animals & Such 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,603

Biology and Ecology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,573

Chemistry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,792 19 Earth Science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,035

Hands On- Level I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,874

Hands On - Level II 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,493

Hands On- Level Ill 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,307

Hands On - Level IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,447

Hands On - Level V 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,209

Life Science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,611

Natural Science Specials 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,747

Physical Science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,524

Search for Science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,756

The Universe & I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,603

Weather Matrix 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,374

What On Earth? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,741

SOCIAL STUDIES: 23 COURSES Total Enrollment 385,154

America oo o 0 o0 0 0 o0 0 0 0 oo 0 o0 oo 0 o0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,607

America Counts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,243

Bill of Rights 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,328

Celebration Holiday Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,503

Clyde Frog Show 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,909

Common Cents 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,289

Equal Justice Under Law 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,555

Government-Politics-Citizenship 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,442

Let's See America 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 ,806

Lowell Thomas Remembers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,397

Lowell Thomas Remembers, Bioo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,525

News 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,329

Odyssey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,525

Old World Background 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,418

Ourstory oo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,920

Ripples 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,194

Sandlapper's Corner 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,270

South Carolina History 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,163

Truly American 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,844

Understanding Our World 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,052

Under the Blue Umbrella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,981

United States History 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,375

Why oo o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o0 oo o o oo 0 0 o0 o0 oo o oo o o o 0 0 0 o0 o0 0 0 0 0 0 6,235

20 ART: 5 COURSES Total Enrollment 34,724 Art America ...... 1,81 7 Art and You ...... 14,916 For the Love of Art...... 3,287 Images and Things ...... 10,282 Meet the Arts...... 4,422

MUSIC: 8 COURSES Total Enrollment 113,416 Christmas Specials ...... 46,453 Experiences in Music...... 8,219 Music ...... 4,930 Time for Sounds 1 ...... , . 20,589 Time for Sounds 2 ...... 12,743 Time for Sounds 3 ...... 9,259 Time for Sounds 4 ...... 5,975 Time for Sounds 5 ...... 5,248

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH: 5 COURSES Total Enrollment 122,858 Conrad ...... 17,484 Inside/Out ...... 44,552 Mulligan Stew ...... 27,435 Ready? Set . . . Go! ...... 11,960 Self Incorporated ...... 21,427

CAREER EDUCATION: 4 COURSES Total Enrollment 38,360 Bread & Butterflies ...... 18,102 Careers ...... 11 ,447 Consumer Survival Kit...... 6,088 Workshop Hints ...... 2,723

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES: 5 COURSES Total Enrollment 33,101 Psychology 101 ...... 886 School Bus Safety ...... 12,128 Sportsmanlike Driving...... 1,569 Studio See ...... 3,771 Vegetable Soup ...... 14,747 21 Utilization of Individual Radio Courses LANGUAGE ARTS: 13 COURSES Total Enrollment 50,355 Act It Out ...... 1,240 American Folk Tales ...... 7,251 The Better to Listen With ...... 1,932 Conversations With Will Shakespeare and Certain of His Friends ...... 255 Learn to Listen ...... 6,894 listening/4 ...... 5,129 Meet Barney Bookworn ...... 5,587 Read Me the Comics ...... 2,747 Spell Down ...... 2,634 The Spider's Web ...... 10,762 Turn On Your Ears ...... 1,579 We' re All Ears ...... 3,404 The Wild, Wacky, Wonderful Whizbang Word Emporium ...... 941

SOCIAL STUDIES: 5 COURSES Total Enrollment 6,627 Inquiry: The justice Thing ...... 976 Makers of the American Revolution ...... 1,896 Our American Leaders ...... 1,647 Twentieth Century Presidents ...... 509 Who Are the Americans? ...... 1,599

HEALTH /AFFECTIVE EDUCATION: 5 COURSES Total Enrollment 11 ,531 Healthy, Happy and Wise ...... 3,561 Healthy, Well-Fed and Wise ...... 2,813 Listening to My Feelings ...... 2,155 Tools ...... 1,272 Who Cares? ...... 1,730

SCIENCE: 1 COURSE Total Enrollment 970 Twentieth Century Science 970 22 MATHEMATICS: 1 COURSE Total Enrollment 965 Mathematics Plus 965

CONSUMER EDUCATION: 1 COURSE Total Enrollment 1,181

Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,181

CAREER EDUCATION: 1 COURSE Total Enrollment 521 Peopleworks 521

MUSIC: 2 COURSES Total Enrollment 4,535

Catch a Sound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,672 UptoYourEarsoooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooo oo oo oo ooo 1,863

Instructional Television Courses by Grade Levels PRESCHOOL How Can I Tell You? Ready? Set o o o Go! Ripples The Electric Company Hands On II Celebration Holiday Adventures in Math The Wordshop Special Writing Time Christmas Specials Christmas Specials All About You School Bus Safety School Bus Safety Celebration Holiday Special GRADE 4 GRADEl Ripples How Can I Tell You? The letter People Common Cents The Electric Company Words Are for Reading Art & You Cover to Cover I About Books : Primary Time for Sounds 2 Bill Martin

How Can I Tell You? Ready? Set 0 o o Go! About Books : Number Train Hands On II Intermediate Celebration Holiday The Wordshop Math Relationships Special Christmas Specials Animals & Such Ripples School Bus Safety Search for Science Common Cents America Counts Art & You GRADE3 Understanding Our World Time for Sounds 1 Words Are for Reading For the Love of Art

Ready? Set 0 0 0 Go! About Books : Primary Images & Things Hands On I How Can I Tell You? Time for Sounds 4 Under the Blue Umbrella The Electric Company Music Clyde Frog Show Writing Time Mulligan Stew Christmas Specials Adventures in Math Inside/Out School Bus Safety All About You Bread & Butterflies An imals & Such Our Living Language GRADE2 Sandlapper's Corner Measuremetric Words Are for Reading Art & You Odyssey About Books: Primary Time for Sounds 3 Truly American 23 Hands On IV Search for Science GRADE 8 Christmas Specials Process and Proof Zebra Wings Studio See America Counts The Wordsmith School Bus Safety Understanding Our World A Matter of Fiction Let's See America Getting the Word GRADES For the Love of Art A Matter of Fact How Can I Tell You? Images & Things Contemporary Poetry Cover to Cover I Time for Sounds 5 Potpourri Cover to Cover II Music Modern Math Bill Martin Mulligan Stew Math Matters About Books: Inside/Out The Metric System Intermediate Self Incorporated Earth Science Creative Dramatics Bread & Butterflies What on Earth? Zebra Wings Our Living Language Natural Science Specials The Wordsmith Measu remetric Weather Matrix Math Relationships Odyssey Let's See America Potpourri Truly American Old World Background Modern Math Ourstory News Math Matters Conrad South Carolina History The Metric System Why /1978 America Counts Search for Science Christmas Specials Meet the Arts America Counts Vegetable Soup Experiences in Music Understanding Our World Studio See Self Incorporated Let's See America School Bus Safety Workshop Hints For the Love of Art Careers Images & Things Truly American Time for Sounds 4 GRADE 7 Ourstory Time for Sounds 5 Zebra Wings Conrad Music The Wordsmith The Universe & I Mulligan Stew A Matter of Fiction Why/1978 Inside/Out Getting the Word Christmas Specials Self Incorporated A Matter of Fact Vegetable Soup Bread & Butterflies Contemporary Poetry Studio See Our Living Language Potpourri School Bus Safety Measuremetric Modern Math Odyssey Math Matters GRADE9 Truly American Creative Dramatics Getting the Word Hands On V The Metric System A Matter of Fact Christmas Specials Life Science Contemporary Poetry Vegetable Soup Weather Matrix Humanities Studio See America Counts En Francais School Bus Safety Let's See America America Counts News Old World Background GRADE 6 Old World Background Government-Politics- How Can I Tell You? Images & Things Citizenship Cover to Cover II Experiences in Music America Bill Martin Mulligan Stew News About Books: Inside/Out America Counts Intermediate Self Incorporated Meet the Arts Creative Dramatics Bread & Butterflies Experiences in Music Zebra Wings Truly American Workshop Hints The Wordsmith Ourstory Careers Getting the Word Conrad Sportsmanlike Driving Math Relationships Why/1978 Ourstory Potpourri Christmas Specials Conrad Modern Math Vegetable Soup Bill of Rights Math Matters Studio See Art America The Metric System School Bus Safety Secondary Grammar

24 Physical Science Physical Science Christmas Specials United States History Christmas Specials School Bus Safety Studio See School Bus Safety School Bus Safety GRADE12 Getting the Word GRADE 11 Contemporary Poetry GRADE10 Getting the Word Humanities Getting the Word Contemporary Poetry Advanced Mathematics A Matter of Fact Humanities Chemistry Contemporary Poetry Franklin to Frost America Counts Humanities Guten Tag Equal Justice Under Law Franklin to Frost Geometry Old World Background Guten Tag Chemistry Government-Politics- En Francais America Counts Citizenship Geometry Equal Justice Under Law News Biology and Ecology Old World Background Unite States History Chemistry Government-Politics- Meet the Arts America Counts Citizenship America Equal justice Under Law America Experiences in Music News United States History Workshop Hints Old World Background Meet the Arts Careers Government-Politics- Experiences in Music Sportsmanlike Driving Citizenship Workshop Hints Psychology 101 America Careers Secondary Grammar United States History Sportsmanlike Driving Ours tory Meet the Arts Psychology 101 Bill of Rights Experiences in Music Secondary Grammar Consumer Survival Kit Workshop Hints Ourstory Lowell Thomas Careers Bill of Rights Remembers Sportsmanlike Driving Consumer Survival Kit Lowell Thomas Ourstory Lowell Thomas Remembers, Bio. Bill of Rights Remembers Art America Consumer Survival Kit Lowell Thomas Guten Tag, Wie Geht's Lowell Thomas Remembers, Bio. Survey of English Remembers Art America Literature Lowell Thomas Guten Tag, Wie Geht's Short Story Showcase Remembers, Bio. Survey of English Writing for a Reason Art America Literature Christmas Specials Guten Tag, Wie Geht's Short Story Showcase School Bus Safety

Instructional Radio Courses by Grade Level PRESCHOOL GRADE 2 Read Me the Comics The Better to Listen With The Better to Listen With Spell Down Healthy, Well-Fed & Wise Read Me the Comics Healthy, Well-Fed & Wise We're All Ears Healthy, Well-Fed & Wise Healthy, Happy & Wise Healthy, Happy & Wise The Spider's Web GRADE 1 We' re All Ears We're All Ears The Better to Listen With Listening to My Feelings Listening to My Feelings Read Me the Comics Mathematics Plus Who Cares? Healthy, Well-Fed & Wise Tools Mathematics Plus Healthy, Happy & Wise Catch a Sound Tools We're All Ears Catch a Sound Listening to My Feelings Tools GRADE 3 GRADE 4 Catch a Sound The Better to Listen With Act It Out 25 American Folk Tales Makers of the American GRADE 9 Learn to Listen Revolution Conversations with Will Listening/4 Who Are the Americans? Shakespeare and Meet Barney Bookworm Twentieth Century Certain of His Friends Spell Down Science Inquiry: The Justice Thing The Spider's Web Whatcha See Is Whatcha Twentieth Century Turn on Your Ears Get Presidents Who Cares? Peopleworks Peopleworks Makers of the American Revolution Our American Leaders GRADE? Who Are the Americans? Spell Down GRADE 10 The Spider's Web Conversations With Will GRADE 5 The Wild, Wacky Act It Out Wonderful Whizbang Shakespeare and American Folk Tales Word Emporium Certain of His Friends Learn to Listen Makers of the American Inquiry: The Justice Thing Listening/4 Revolution Twentieth Century Presidents Meet Barney Bookworm Who Are the Americans? Spell Down Twentieth Century The Spider's Web Science Turn on Your Ears Whatcha See Is Whatcha Who Cares? Get GRADE 11 Who Are the Americans? Peopleworks Conversations With Will Up to Your Ears Shakespeare and Certain of His Friends GRADE6 GRADE 8 Inquiry: The Justice Thing Act It Out Spell Down Twentieth Century American Folk Tales The Wild, Wacky, Presidents Learn to Listen Wonderful Whizbang Listening/4 Word Emporium Meet Barney Bookworm Makers of the American Spell Down Revolution GRADE12 The Spider's Web Who Are the Americans? Conversations With Will Turn on Your Ears Twentieth Century Shakespeare and The Wild, Wacky, Science Certain of His Friends Wonderful Whizbang Whatcha See Is Whatcha Inquiry: The Justice Thing Word Emporium Get Twentieth Century Up to Your Ears Peopleworks Presidents

Staff Development Education for Teachers A major facet of ETV's efforts in the field of continuing profes­ sional education are Staff Development programs for teachers, which provide a wide range of in-service educational oppor­ tunities. Teachers can avail themselves of these programs in their schools or homes; some courses are also available for certification or college credit. An independently-conducted teacher attitude survey showed conclusively that South Carolina teachers have a very positive attitude toward using ETV, and this attitude is reflected in the increasing number of teachers who have utilized Staff Develop­ ment courses to improve their teaching skills. In 1977-78, 9,382 teachers took continuing professional education courses on ETV. 26 Staff Development programs are scheduled each school day from 3:00-4:30 p.m. on ETV, with additional resources broadcast on Educational Radio. In 1977-78, there were 21 lTV and Radio Staff Development series and 56 program specials, for a total of 395 individual programs. In addition to teachers, programs were avail­ able for use by administrators, aides, custodians and school district staff members in a number of major areas, as listed below. Several offices of the Department of Education used television and telephone talkback facilities for training of specific personnel. Other assistance to the Department of Education included on-site playing of programs by VTR machine at conferences and other special programming designed to meet individual teacher educa­ tion needs. lTV begins its telecast school year with lTV Preview Weeks, which include previews of all courses as well as staff development programs. Each month' s daily Staff Development telecast schedules are mailed to schools in advance. For the 1977-78 school year, a Staff Development Resources and Schedule Booklet was also developed and distributed atthe beginning of the school year. Staff Development resources for 1977-78 includes:

Certification Credit THE TEACHING OF ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS. Developed by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Lays the foundation for classroom success through teacher-to-teacher talks, variously illustrated, and through classroom demonstra­ tions. EARTH SCIENCE. For educators who are preparing to teach earth science. Improves their ability to lead students to a greater understanding of the planet, in terms of its resources, forma­ tive and destructive processes, history and probable future. Teachers who participate in an organized class receive three hours certification renewal credit. BASIC EDUCATION: TEACHING THE ADULT. Designed to qualify each participant for three hours certification credit. Lessons cover such diverse areas as curriculum planning, teaching techniques, diagnostic methods, evaluation techniques, available resources, student role playing and counseling.

Adult Education NEWSPAPER LAB. Series demonstrates how beginning reading skills can be taught through the use of local newspapers and other community resources. Thirty-one 10-minute programs. 27 WRAP (Writing, Reading, Adult, Progress). With emphasis on communication skills, provides techniques in management for mini-labs and learning labs . Team teachers are shown in demonstration lessons with their adult students, but series emphasizes the teaching of reading at all levels.

Curriculum Areas ALTERNATIVES IN EDUCATION. Helps teachers and adminis­ trators appraise basic arguments in educational alternatives and optional approaches to schooling. Fifteen 30-minute programs. ART SPECTRUM. Practical helps and hints for art teachers. Eight 30-minute programs. CLASSROOM CLIMATE (Science). See description under "Guid- ance." THE EDUCATOR AND THE SEA (Science). Group discussion of marine awareness and the infusion of marine-related concepts in all subject areas. 30 minutes. EVALUATION: A CONTINUOUS PROCESS (Home Economics). Two 30-minute programs: Part I concerns performance-based objectives for home economics instruction; Part II concerns continuous evaluation of student performance. FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS. For teachers of grades K-3, helps focus on the ways children learn mathematical con­ cepts. 17 minutes. FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE. Focuses on the development of science concepts in children in grades K-3. 17 minutes. HAP PI NESS IS LITERACY (Library Science). For teachers at all grade levels dealing with functional illiteracy. 60 minutes, Dr. Daniel Fader. MAKING A DIFFERENCE. Guides teachers through a seven-step curriculum development/writing process for selected subject areas. Twelve 30-minute programs. MOTIVATION (Science). See description under "Guidance." ONE FOOT FORWARD: READING IN 1978. Focuses on specific reading skills for teachers in grades 1-12. Eight programs,45-60 minutes each. TEACHING AS THE FINE ART OF ASKING QUESTIONS (Science). See description under "Guidance." V-TECS (Vocational Education). Presents S. C. plan for implement­ ing competency-based instruction in vocational programs. 30 minutes.

28 VOCATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CLUBS OF AMERICA. Familiarizes trade and industrial education teachers with services and programs of VICA. 30 minutes.

Custodial Training SCHOOL BUILDING MAINTENANCE. Five 30-minute programs on maintenance techniques for school buildings.

Early Childhood Education CHILDREN ARE PEOPLE. Shows teaching and learning methods in a variety of English infant and junior schools. 43 minutes. FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS. See description under "Cur­ riculum Areas." FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE. See description under "Curriculum Areas." THEY ALL LEARN. Portrays the Open Education Continuous Prog­ ress Program, K-6, in Williamsburg, S. C. 28 minutes. WHAT IS TEACHING? WHAT IS LEARNING? Teachers discuss their enthusiasm and concern for new teaching techniques. 23 minutes.

Educational Products Center ALTERNATIVES FOR DECISION MAKERS. In-depth study of ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center). 30 minutes. UTILIZATION OF THE BEDS REPORTS. Describes the gathering, processing and disseminating of information from the Basic Education Data System. 30 minutes.

Guidance ABOUT BREAD AND BUTTERFLIES (1). See description under "Series Utilization." ABOUT INSIDE/OUT. See description under "Series Utilization." ADLERIAN COUNSELING THEORY. Principles and techniques of Adlerian psychology. 60 minutes, Dr. Frank Walton. CHILDREN LEARNING DISABILITIES. Stresses problems of iden­ tifying children with speech disorders and reading handicaps. 60 minutes, Sylvia Richardson. Cl PHER IN THE SNOW. Stresses concern for the needs of every child. 24 minutes. CLASSROOM CLIMATE. Techniques for improving class atmo­ sphere; developing teacher behavior to accomplish this. 30 minutes, Harry Wong and Leon Lessinger. 29 DISCUSSING CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES. Trains high school teachers and students in discussion skills and techniques. Four programs, 17-20 minutes each. ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING DISCIPLINE. Promotes dis­ cussion of disciplinary procedures in schools. 50 minutes, William Glasser. GUIDANCE IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS. Orients students and parents to guidance services. 30 minutes. HIGHWAYS TO GUIDANCE OBJECTIVES. Develops counseling techniques. Five 30-minute programs. MOTIVATION. Ideas on improving achievement motivation in students. 30 minutes, Harry Wong. SELF CONCEPT I. What self concept is, how it develops, its mean­ ing to the teacher. 30 minutes. SELF CONCEPT II. Centers on self concept in relationship to actual teaching practices. 20 minutes, Ira J. Gordon and William Purkey. TEACHING AS THE FINE ART OF ASKING QUESTIONS. Explores the role of questions in the teaching-learning process. 30 minutes, Harry Wong.

Handicapped CAN YOU HEAR THE SUNSHINE? Screening and diagnostic proce­ dures, case and classroom management techniques for hearing-handicapped pupils. 30 minutes. HEARING OFFICER TRAINING. 30 minutes. ORTHOPEDICALLY HANDICAPPED. Educational techniques for orthopedically handicapped pupils. 30 minutes. SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROGRAMS IN THE SCHOOLS. Depicts various aspects of these programs and their integral relation­ ship to the total educational program. 30 minutes. STAFFING FOR THE HANDICAPPED. Emphasizes criteria of pupil placement or dismissal in programs for the handicapped. 30 minutes.

Individually Guided Education THE BRITISH INFANT SCHOOL- SOUTHERN STYLE. View of an individualized K-3 program in a Lenoir, N. C. school, adapted from the British model. 30 minutes. CHARLIE AND THE GOLDEN HAMSTER. Guiding concepts for non-graded elementary schools. 5 minutes. DESIGNS FOR DIFFERENCES. Teacher training series on the indi­ vidualization of instruction. Six 30-minute programs. 30 LEARNING THROUGH INQUIRY. Demonstrates an inquiry technique for improving learning. 22 minutes. ON YOUR OWN- LEARNING CENTERS. Shows various learning activities in Charlotte, N. C. elementary school learning cen­ ters. 15 minutes. ONE AT A TIME TOGETHER. Overview of individually guided edu­ cation for staff and lay audiences. 25 minutes. OPEN EDUCATION. Concepts, alternatives and developments in open education. 60 minutes, John Bremer. PARTNERS IN PROGRESS. Documents a Title II project entitled " The Multi-Media Approach to Learning" in Greenville. 15 minutes. THE PRINCIPAL AND IGE. Provides in-service and prospective principals with the understanding, skills and attitudes to effec­ tively implement the IGE program. 21 minutes. SOMEBODY SPECIAL. Overview of Middle School IGE programs. 25 minutes. THE TEACHER AND IGE. Overview of IGE application to various subject areas. 17 minutes. THINK KIDS. View of two IGE schools, showing various learning activities in progress. 25 minutes. WHAT'S NEW AT SCHOOL. Comparison of the traditional teacher-directed elementary schoolroom and the "open class­ room" situation, where student-centered learning is encour­ aged. 45 minutes.

lTV Utilization EXCERPTS OF 1977-78 lTV SERIES. A view of new lTV series, with short program excerpts. 15 minutes. THE FOURTH NETWORK. Defines ETV and public broadcasting as mass communications tools. 30 minutes. lTV AND RADIO UTILIZATION SURVEY. Orientation for princi­ pals , building coordinators and teachers to this annual survey. 15 minutes. ROLE OF THE CLASSROOM TEACHER IN lTV. Ways teachers can use lTV more effectively. 23 minutes. · TV TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHERS. Activities for reinforcing the tele-lesson are emphasized. 25 minutes. WELCOME BACK TO SCHOOL. Dr. Cyril Busbee and Clyde Green welcome educators and students to the new school year, providing an overview of lTV / Radio resources. 15 minutes.

31 Paraprofessionals TEACHING: A NEW DIMENSION. Assists teachers and paraprofes­ sionals in making full use of their potential in the educational process. Three 15-minute programs.

School Bus Safety REASON ENOUGH. Increases driver awareness of situations which cause the majority of school bus accidents. 15 minutes.

School Management TIME OF YOUR LIFE. Shows the basic principles and practices of good time management. 30 minutes. HEARING OFFICER TRAINING. Demonstrates proper methods of conducting a hearing. 30 minutes.

Series Utilization ABOUT BREAD & BUTIERFLIES (1). Excerpts from the series, exam­ ples of children and teachers using the programs, comments from specialists. 15 minutes. ABOUT BREAD & BUTTERFLIES (II). The programs for students are followed by panel discussion on career education and how it relates to the series. Fifteen 30-minute programs. ABOUT IMAGES & THINGS. Introduces teachers to the series, gives examples of student responses to the programs. 30 min­ utes. ABOUT INSIDE/OUT. Emphasizes teacher's relationship to suc­ cessful utilization of the series. 30 minutes. ABOUT RIPPLES. Excerpts from nine programs illustrate the scope of the series. 30 minutes. ABOUT SELF INCORPORATED. Student programs are followed by panel discussion of their implications for student develop­ ment. Fifteen 30-minute programs. THE ELECTRIC COMPANY. Teacher awareness program for the series. 30 minutes. GETIING THE WORD. Two teacher orientation programs to pro­ mote the best use of the remedial reading series. 20 and 30 minutes. IMAGES & THINGS. Describes ways teachers can help children to learn and grow through aesthetic experiences. 30 minutes. INSIDE/OUT. Emphasizes teacher's role lin the series; dem­ onstrates activities for classroom interaction. 30 minutes. READY? SET ... GO! Orientation on the content, instructional procedures and preparation for the series. 20 minutes.

32 TEACHERS CONCERNS ABOUT USING INSIDE /OUT. Designed to assist teachers in using the series. 15 minutes. USING BREAD & BUTIERFLIES. Stresses attention to children's attitudes on career development, with ways to use the class­ room series. 20 minutes. USING IMAGES & THINGS. Gives examples of follow-up activities for the series. 30 minutes. USING RIPPLES: CHANGE AND AESTHETICS. Emphasizes the series' value in stimulating interest in these areas. 30 minutes. USING RIPPLES: VALUES AND KNOWLEDGE. Shows how ideas in the series relate to the early childhood curriculum. 30 min­ utes . ZEBRA WINGS. Suggests ways to use the series and to develop a creative classroom attitude. 20 minutes.

Talkback Conference HEALTH EDUCATION. Series' topics range from classroom ac­ tivities to child abuse. Six 60-minute programs.

Higher Education Summary During 1977-78, the South Carolina ETV Network broadcast a total of 65 college credit courses via its open and closed circuit systems. Five of these courses were broadcast statewide for at­ home study; 60 courses, including offerings in Master's degree programs in Business Administration and Engineering, were dis­ tributed over the closed circuit system for the University of South Carolina. Teachers, students and the public in general were able to receive up to 15 hours of college credit through the at-home study programs. Institutions which sponsored the courses were the Uni­ versity of South Carolina, South Carolina State College and The Citadel. A total of 3,206 students were enrolled in both the open and closed circuit courses. The following information gives a break­ down of courses and enrollments:

College Credit At Home (Open Circuit) No. of 5 courses - 3 credit hours each Lessons Teacher as Manager (Education) ...... 25 Reading: The Road to Understanding (Education) ...... 26

33 Cinematic Eye (English /Theatre/Education)...... 14 And Then There Were 13 ...... 20 Saints and Legions (History) ...... 26 Total Enrollment: 658

Closed Circuit College Credit MASTER'S DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 16 courses- 3 credit hours each, unless Course otherwise indicated. Hours Fundamental Business Skills ...... 30 Quantitative Methods I ...... 30 European Economic Development ...... 30 Real Estate Finance ...... 30 Production Management ...... 30 Organizational Behavior ...... 30 The Business Enterprise & the Economy (5 cr. hrs.) .... . 30 Quantitative Methods II ...... 30 Financial & Managerial Accounting (5 cr. hrs.) ...... 30 Rish Management in Business ...... 30 Product Strategy and Policies ...... 30 Financial Policies ...... 30 Production, Forecasting, Planning & Control ...... 30 Business Policy ...... 30 Business Research / Reports (2 cr. hrs.) ...... 30 Total Enrollment: 1,259

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL PROGRAMS Course 5 courses- 3 credit hours each Hours Business Insurance ...... 30 Perspectives in Teaching Bookkeeping/Accounting & Basic Business ...... 30 Essentials of Economics ...... 30 Investment & Family Financial Management ...... 30 Perspectives in Teaching ...... 30 Total Enrollment: 264

COMPUTER SCIENCE PROGRAMS Course 2 courses Hours Introduction to Computer Science (2 cr. hrs.) ...... 30 Introduction to Algotithmic Processes (4 cr. hrs.) ...... 30 Total Enrollment: 64 34 EDUCATION PROGRAMS Course 4 courses - 3 credit hours each Hours Teaching Reading in the Elementary School ...... 30 Methods and Materials of Educational Research ...... 30 Principles of Curriculum Construction ...... 30 Human Growth and Development ...... 30 Total Enrollment: 545

MASTER'S DEGREE IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE (APOGEE - A Program of Graduate Engineering Education) Course 33 courses, 3 credit hours each Hours Engineering Analysis I ...... 45 Theory of Automatic Controls ...... 45 Advanced Mechanics of Materials ...... 45 Substructure Analysis & Design ...... 45 Advanced Heat Transfer ...... 45 Viscous & Turbulent Flow ...... 45 Continuum Mechanics ...... 45 Thermodynamics II ...... 45 Wastewater Treatment ...... 45 Chemical Process Analysis ...... 45 Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control ...... 45 Pavement Design ...... 45 Theoretical Soil Mechanics ...... 45 Modern Control Theory I ...... 45 Analog Communication System ...... 45 Principles & Applications of Solid State Devices ...... 45 Engineering Analysis II ...... 45 Plastic Analysis and Design ...... 45 Thermodynamics ...... 45 Numerical Methods for Computers ...... 45 Structural Analysis II ...... 45 Hydrology ...... 45 Introduction to Communications Systems ...... 45 Water & Wastewater Treatment Theory I ...... 45 Diffusional Operations ...... 45 Chemical Reactor Design ...... 45 Theory and Design of Plates ...... 45 Advanced Soil Mechanics and Foundations II ...... 45 Advanced Mechanical Design ...... 45 Soil Behavior (TAPE ONLY) ...... 45 Advanced Dynamics of Machinery ...... 45 35 Electromagnetic Theory ...... 45 Stochastic Control Theory ...... 45 Total Enrollment: 416 TOTAL COURSES: 65 TOTAL ENROLLMENT: 2,548

Additional Higher Education Involvement Cl NEMATIC EYE, a television series on the history of film and film technique produced cooperatively by S. C. ETV, the University of South Carolina and Janus Films, Inc., was offered for college credit on ETV's open circuit channels beginning in September 1977. Writ­ ten and produced by USC Professor Benjamin Dunlap, the series was then offered to colleges and universities throughout the na­ tion via PBS broadcast nationwide, scheduled to begin in Sep­ tember 1978. ETV received an NEH grant for a proposed television series on the history of the old South, tentatively entitled LOOK AWAY. Funds from the grant were used to hire a nationally knownwriterto prepare a script for the first program in the proposed series, which was conceived by Dr. John G. Sproat, head of the University of South Carolina's History Department. During 1977-78, ETV served as advisers to the Independent Col­ lege Consortium, made up of approximately 12 of the 20 indepen­ dent colleges in South Carolina. The University of South Carolina has joined w(th the Consortium, providing personnel and audio­ visual resources in the group's effort to share instructional re­ sources. The Consortium's present effort is to adapt the television series MAN AND ENVIRONMENT, a course in geography, to their combined need. ETV joined Winthrop College in an effort to create a Humanities Institute for scholars and television professionals, aiming to further the development of high quality television programs in the humanities disciplines. Publication and distribution of the newsletter Forecast: Higher Education continued, with distribution including the facu Ities of 59 post-secondary schools in South Carolina, as well as other in­ terested agencies and individuals. Forecast reports on media ac­ tivities of schools in the state and offers media-related items of information from the nation in such areas as video programs and resources, grants and consortia, publications and news items. The newsletter is published three times a year (in September, January and April); approximate readership is 2,000. THE CITIZEN AND THE LAW, a 30-minute television program on jury duty, was completed and broadcast. Funded by a grant from 36 the S. C. Committee for the Humanities with in-kind services con­ tributed by S. C. ETV, the program was a cooperative production of ETV and the S. C. Bar.

Medical Education Activities In 1977-78, approximately 800 medical programs of varying lengths were coordinated and distributed over ETV's closed circuit lines to 34 teaching hospitals statewide, as well as to 15 viewing sites belonging to the Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC), a new member of the medical network. Vid­ eotape and duplicating services, as well as consulting services on planning, design and production, were provided. During the fiscal year, production of 40 half-hour programs in Emergency Medical Training for DHEC was completed; this course is now being used throughout the state and is a requirement for EMT certification in South Carolina. 1977-78 was a year of innovations in the field of medical educa­ tion. In January, ETV and the Medical network held South Caroli­ na's first live satellite medical seminar, utilizing the CTS satellite. This regional project involved medical professionals in 13 South­ eastern states and as far away as Ohio. A two-way viewing system and live interaction between participants was effected, another first in ETV's medical education efforts. The seminar consisted of14 hours of programming, transmitted over a 10-day period. ETV produced and coordinated this production. In addition, ETV continued its weekly broadcasts of medical and health-oriented programming on its open circuit channels. This programming included HEALTH SCIENCES, a weekly health educa­ tion series for the lay public of South Carolina; and DENTAL SYM­ POSIUM, a monthly continuing education series for dentists. Other medical programming included broadcasts of A HOSPITAL ADVENTURE, a program designed to alleviate the fears of children who are about to undergo surgery; and DANIEL FOSTER, M.D., a weekly PBS series providing medical information for the general public. In addition, the S. C. Educational Radio Network con­ tinued weekly broadcasts of AN APPLE A DAY, a series similar in concept to HEALTH SCIENCES. Health professionals who viewed closed circuit broadcasts and videotapes from ETV in 1977-78 totaled 16,980.

Technical Education Activities In 1977-78, the S. C. ETV Network produced and distributed 13 new programs in conjunction with the State Board for Technical 37 and Comprehensive Education. All of these programs were live, 3-hour productions with audio talkback; they included 12 hours on microprocessing, 9 hours on management, and 15 hours on mechanical seals. Videotape and duplication services were also provided, as well as consulting services in all areas of television planning, design and production. S. C. ETV and TEC have been involved in an intensive evaluation of past educational television activities and planning for the de­ velopment of future programs which will enlarge even further the in-depth use of their combined resources. As expected, many new areas of programming were opened up this year, including closed circuit instruction for bankers, pilots, industrial engineers and mid-level managers.

State Agencies Served ETV provides a valuable service to other agencies and depart­ ments of state government by assisting with their internal training, information and audio visual requirements. In 1977-78, ETV pro­ duced 345 media-related products for state agencies and associa­ tions. These included: 25 open circuit television programs; 24 public service announcements for television; 81 public service announcements for radio; 12 slide-tape multi-image programs; 33 videotapes; 13 film products; 18 printed products; and 139 prod­ ucts duplicated on film or videotape. Another vital part of ETV's interaction with other state agencies is in the utilization of the closed circuit system to hold meetings and workshops via electronic communications. Such meetings are di­ rected by agency officials from ETV headquarters in Columbia, while participants simply go to one of 32 centers in the state equipped with television talkback. Comments and questions from participants can be heard both in the Columbia studio and on the air at the regional centers. By eliminating travel time, per diem and energy costs for these meetings, it is estimated that ETV saves the state hundreds of thousands of dollars each year.

Service to Business and Industry S. C. ETV's mandate to serve business and industry is fulfilled through a partnership with the Educational Resources Foundation (ERF), a non-profit producer of industrial and business training programs. 38 ERF distributes 58 programs designed to maximize the human resources of business and industry in a wide variety of areas, ranging from construction supervision to law enforcement to tex­ tiles. These programs were produced by S. C. ETV and, while designed specifically to serve South Carolina, are also widely utilized across the nation and in many foreign countries. Through a network of distributors located in such places as Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Atlanta, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Des Moines, Iowa and Raleigh, N. C., ERF generates funds with which additional programs are produced. Additionally, ERF obtains distribution rights from other national producers to programs they believe will be useful locally. ERF's board of directors is made up primarily of prominent members of the business and industrial community of South Carolina, representing such areas as textiles, metal-working, pub­ lic utilities, the educational community and, of course, S. C. ETV. This board oversees the projects undertaken by the Foundation and its efforts to distribute those projects after completion. From time to time ERF identifies a project already undertaken by S. C. ETV which may have unusual potential for national distribu­ tion and requests distribution rights. Most recently CRIME TO COURT, a joint production of ETV and the S. C. Criminal Justice Academy, was placed on the national market as a result of such close cooperation; this pioneering series will now benefit law enforcement officers across the country. ERF's most recent development is in the area of industrial safety. Noting the lack of availability of first-quality media-based instruc­ tional material on the national market, the Foundation produced NOT BY CHANCE, a safety film for the textile industry done in cooperation with the American Textile Manufacturers Institute. To date NOT BY CHANCE has sold over 120 copies; it has also been produced in Spanish for Latin-American distribution. In cooperation with the S. C. Chamber of Commerce safety and health committee, ERF produced THE OTHER HALF OF THE SAFETY TEAM, an orientation film for general industry, and THE CONTROL FACTOR, a film on safe operation of overhead hoists and cranes. The former has sold over 30 copies, the latter almost 70 copies to date.

Law Enforcement Training Through a unique service provided by ETV, South Carolina's law enforcement officers receive regular training to help them meet the challenge of increasingly complex law enforcement problems. 39 FROM CRIME TO COURT, a monthly closed circuit series on ETV, keeps officers abreast of the latest developments in their field . Each month's program is broadcast three times in the month to TEC centers, schools and law enforcement offices across the state; police officers, magistrates and other law enforcement profes­ sionals gather at these locations to view the program with an instructor. A discussion period follows, with outstanding officers selected as discussion leaders and trained in effective methods of leading their groups. In support of each month's program, a booklet is prepared, restating the legal information conveyed on the air. These booklets are mailed to magistrates, police officers and members of the judiciary at a rate of approximately 7,800 per month; for the recip­ ients they become a ready-reference tool, kept on file and used frequently. FROM CRIME TO COURT reaches approximately 3,500 individu­ als a month, offering a convenient and inexpensive method of continuing professional education for officers living throughout the state. 1977-78 marked ETV's 13th year of service to law en­ forcement personnel, with 152 programs completed to date. Legal decisions, techniques of enforcement and other current training information are part of the constantly updated arsenal of abilities used by South Carolina officers to provide modern law enforcement protection to all of the state's citizens. ETV's law enforcement training program is helping South Carolina to de­ velop the best-trained and best-informed officers in the country. In the process, this service has also been credited with guiding many small towns toward the establishment of a model police force and avoiding possible court suits. An added bonus of the project is that many of the discussion leaders have developed into articulate spokesmen for the promotion of good law enforcement at the community level.

Adult and Continuing Professional Education ETV offerings have included series for doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, paramedical personnel, lawyers, law enforcement officers, business and industrial personnel, food handlers, bank­ ers, prison guards, and many other groups. Several hundred thousand adults have been involved in organized classes using these basic and continuing professional education series. Many of these programs have drawn interest from throughout the world. South Carolina was the first state to develop statewide ETV training programs for most of these groups. 40 Through the State Department of Education, ETV also broadcasts courses for adults on the essential skills needed to work effectively in our society. Some of these courses were used in organized groups for high school equivalency purposes; others were for more general audiences with specific learning needs.

Regional Production Facilities S. C. ETV now has three stations with local production capabilities: WRJA-TV, Channel 27 in Sumter; WJWJ-TV, Channel 16 in Beaufort; and WNSC-TV, Channel30 in Rock Hill. The primary function of these stations is to extend the broadcast signal to schools in areas too remote to receive adequate reception from other ETV stations. The Beaufort station has eliminated what was previously one of the worst areas of reception in South Carolina. The Sumter station's service pattern is providing excellent recep­ tion in what was previously a fringe reception area. And although the Rock Hill area had made extensive use of ETV's closed circuit system for instructional programming, adequate open circuit re­ ception was not available in this area before WNSC-TV began broadcasting. In addition to extending all aspects of ETV's services to area residents, these stations have the capability to produce and dis­ tribute programming which meets the exact needs of local schools, communities and educational institutions. The closed circuit "tape and delay" centers at each station provide a great deal of flexibility in scheduling for teachers, who can request lTV programs for closed circuit broadcast on the exact day and time which best suits their classroom needs. Tape and delay centers have greatly multi­ plied utilization of courses in local schools. The regional stations were planned in cooperation with and are supported by their local communities, with the hosting community providing housing for each station's production studios. Local production capabilities enable these stations to respond to the specific needs of their area, in addition to providing residents with the finest state, regional and national programming available. Because of their local production capabilities, each station is eligible for an independent Community Service Grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. In 1977-78, South Carolina received $303,232 in CSG funds for support of these facilities. This funding is utilized to provide local services, thus relieving the state of this expense and reducing the burden of production by remote units from Columbia.

41 Since its inception in 1975, WRJA has created nine local programs designed to serve community interests. 27 TONIGHT, a news and public affairs program, airs every weekday evening, bringing topi­ cal issues to the six-county viewing area. This series offers viewers a broad range of involvement and interest for national and local awareness. The main focus of A DEFINITE LOOK is minority groups: blacks, the handicapped, the elderly and women. Each week guests on the program discuss the goals, achievements and obstacles facing minority groups today. Featured monthly on Channel 27 are a variety of programs de­ signed to inform and entertain. These include ART SMARTS, a craft show; YOU CANFIXIT, demonstrating economical home repairs; and AGRICULTURE TODAY, designed to give first-hand informa­ tion to local farmers. Organized by the students at Sumter TEC, TEC-NIQUE informs the community of events and activities at that institution. GOOD 'N' EASY demonstrates culinary skills, while USC-SUMTER FORUM features USC faculty in discussions of theories and ideas. RAP-UP brings high school students from the six-county area together to discuss problems and situations of teens today. RAP-UP host Thomas Dabbs is also responsible for SOUTH CAROLINA NEWS AND CURRENT EVENTS; offered via closed circuit television to area schools, this series informs stu­ dents on local and national news and events. Local programming at WJWJ-TV in Beaufort has been expanded to include a news and public affairs program broadcast each week­ night; a minority-oriented series; a weekly half-hour co-produced by and featuring area high school students; programming for both active and retired military personnel in the area; and continuing programs for the agricultural community. In October 1977, groundbreaking ceremonies were held for a new facility which will house a studio, production area and ad­ ministrative offices of WJWJ; completion was expected by late fall, 1978. This building is part of a capital improvement project of Beaufort TEC, where WJWJ is currently housed in temporary quar­ ters. In order to provide better service to residents of its four-county coverage area, WJWJ has supplemented its staff with nine CETA employees. After classroom and on-the-job training, these staff members have served in a number of areas, including liaison with community leaders and work on the station's nightly public affairs program, 16 REPORT. This additional manpower has enabled WJWJ to expand its services and broaden the scope of 16 REPORT. It has also enabled the station to cover more local government meetings, 42 such as town, city and county council meetings, thereby providing more information to the general public. Two CETA staff members are working with area day-care providers in producing video train­ ing tapes for public service announcements and programs aimed at preschoolers and/or their parents. WJWJ has also worked closely with the Beaufort TEC staff in videotaping various orientation programs and producing promo­ tional spots to promote courses offered by that institution. WNSC-TV, Channel30, and WPRV-FM 88.9 in Rock Hill signed on in january 1978 with limited broadcast schedules (weekdays from 8:30a.m. to 6:30 p.m.) On july 16, 1978, both stations extended their broadcast operations to a full-day, seven-days-a-week schedule. The interim six months were spent in preparation for full-time broadcast operation. After extensive work in the summer and fall of 1977, WNSC's transmitter was activated on january 3, 1978. Early in 1978, the satellite dish and microwave tower for the station were installed. While broadcast equipment was being installed, staff members visited city, county and state officials and made civic club presenta­ tions to inform the public and in preparation for a future documen­ tary on the area. During this same period, additional staff were being hired and programming to meet local needs was being planned. WNSC's first local production effort was USTATE EDI­ TION, a live half-hour to be broadcast each weekday evening beginning in july. In the midst of these preparations, WNSC-TV staff members also joined forces with staffers from the ETV Center in Columbia and other regional stations to produce the Network's nightly coverage of Spoleto U.S.A. in May and june.

43 Ill. SOUTH CAROLINA'S EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

The Closed Circuit Network To cover the entire state, South Carolina ETV's closed circuit network utilizes telephone company microwave and cable facili­ ties to transmit programs from the ETV Center in Columbia exclu­ sively to tlie approximately 390 schools, hospitals, police depart­ ments, TEC centers, USC regional campuses and other institutions connected to the cable system. This combination of microwave and coaxial cable, which reaches every county in the State, has the potential of telecasting six differ­ ent programs simultaneously and can be in operation twenty-four hours a day. Since secondary schools have a curriculum of from 40-66 courses with a variety of class schedules, their need for a flexible ETV schedule is obvious. Multi-channel transmission provides that flex­ ibility. Multi-channel means that more than one signal can be carried simultaneously in the same cable. All TV sets connected to the closed circuit can receive any of the programs that are being transmitted at any given time - by simply turning the channel selector. During school hours, ETV reserves its closed-circuit, multi­ channel system for transmitting in-school series for secondary schools. ETV can offer an umber of repeats and a wide selection of courses, at times broadcasting up to eleven programs simultane­ ously. The availability of a televised resource at a time when it can be used by the classroom teacher is of the utmost importance. Multi-channel telecasting capability offers school officials the op­ portunity to build a schedule that more closely meets students' needs. With the variety of courses that are offered, students in different ~lasses and on different grade levels can study throughETV simul­ taneously. The flexibility which multi-channel provides is also es­ sential in offering repeats of each course. In the South Carolina system, closed circuit is programmed only for the secondary schools and adult education in such areas as business, teacher in-service, medicine, law enforcement, or Mas­ ter's degree study. As can be seen, multi-channel is essential even during the evening hours because of the large amounts. of channel time taken up by some of these efforts. Medical education alone

44 could easily take a full-time exclusive channel; and post-graduate degree courses require so much channel time that more than one channel is essential now that different degree programs are of­ fered. Demonstration projects conducted in Greenville, Florence and Darlington counties proved conclusively that multi-channel transmission is essential for effective utilization of ETV by second­ ary schools. When service in these areas was expanded to four channels, enrollment increased significantly.

45 ETV Closed Circuit Outlets

County, City & County, City & Receiving Closed Circuit Receiving Closed Circuit location Channels* Location Channels*

ABBEVILLE BAMBERG Abbeville Bamberg Abbeville High A-5, B-3, C-2 Bamberg-Ehrhardt High A-5, B-4 , C-2, L-7 , L-9 , Wright Middle A-5, B-3, C-2 L-11, V-8 Abbeville Hospital B-3, D-9 Bamberg Hospital B-4, D-3 Richard Carroll Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, l-9, AIKEN L-11, V-8 Aiken Aiken High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Denmark Aiken Dist. Office A-5, B-4, C-2 Demark jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9 , Aiken Hospital B-4, D-3 L-11, V-8 Aiken lTV A-5, B-4, C-2 Denmark TEC A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Aiken jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Denmark-Olar High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, Aiken TEC A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 L-11, V-8 Kennedy jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Voorhees College A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Schofield High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 USC-Aiken A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 BARNWEll Barnwell Bath Barnwell High No. A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9, jefferson jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 L-11 , V-8 LBC High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Butler-Guinyard Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, L-11, V-8 Graniteville Hagood Ave. Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, Freedman Voc. A-5, B-4, C-2 L-11 Leavelle-McCampbell High A-5, B-4, C-2 Blackville Blackville High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9 , jackson L-11 , V-8 Ja ckson High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Blackville Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, l-7, l-9, L-11 North Augusta Blackville Taping Ctr. A-5, B-4, C-2, 0-3, L-7, N. Augusta Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 L-9, l-11 N. Augusta High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Paul Knox Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Williston Kelly-Edwards Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9 Salley L-11 , V-8 Cresent City Voc. A-5, B-4, C-2 Williston-Eiko High A-5, B-4 , C-2, L-7, L-9 , L-11, V-8 Wagener A. l. Corbett Mdl. A-5, B-4, C-2 BEAUFORT Wagener-Salley High A-5, B-4, C-2 Beaufort Battery Creek High A-6, B-4, C-2, L-8, L-10 , ALLENDALE L-12 , V-3, V-7 Allendale Beaufort Media All endale jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2 Resource Ctr. A-6, B-4 , C-2, l-8, L-10, All endale-Fairfax High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7, V-10 L-12 Salkehatchie Ctr. (USC) A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Beaufort High A-6, B-4, C-2, L-8, L-10, L-12, V-3 Fairfax Beaufort Hospital B-4, D-5 Fairfax Middle A-5, B-4, C-2 Beaufort jr. High A-6, B-4, C-2, L-8, L-10, l-12, V-3 ANDERSON Beaufort TEC A-6, B-4, C-2, D-5 Anderson Robert Smalls Jr. High A-6, B-4 , C-2, L-8, L-10, Anderson College A-5, B-3, C-2, D-6 L-12 , V-3 Anderson Family USC-Beaufort A-6, B-4, C-2, D-5 Practice Ctr. B-3, D-6 WJWJ Tapin g Ctr. A-6, B-4, C-2, D-5, L-8, Anderson Hospital B-3, D-6 L-10, L-12 Anderson Police A-5 Lakeside Jr . Hi gh A-5, B-3, C-2, V-13 BERKELEY WAIM-TV A-5 Moncks Corner Westside High A-5, B-3 , C-2 Berkeley High A-6, B-2 , C-8 Berkeley Middle A-6, B-2 , C-8 Pendleton Tri-County TEC A-5, B-3, C-2, D-6 St. Stephens St. Stephens Middle A-6, B-3, C-8, V-13, V-4 St. Stephens Hi gh A-6, B-3, C-8, V-4, V-5

46 County, City & County, City & Receiving Closed Circuit Receiving Closed Circuit Location Channels * Location Channels*

CALHOUN COLLETON Cameron Walterboro St. Johns High & Elem. A-5, B-4, C-2 Colleton Dist. Office A-6, B-3 , C-8 Colleton High A-6, B-3 , C-8, V-4 St. Matthews Colleton Hospital B-3 , D-10 John Ford Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2 Colleton-Walterboro St. Matthews High A-5, B-4, C-2 High A-6, B-3 , C-8 St. Matthews Police A-5 Walterboro High A-6, B-3 , C-8 Walterboro Police A-6 CHEROKEE Gaffney Ruffin Gaffney Police A-5 Ruffin High A-6, B-3, C-8, V-4 West Jr. High A-5, B-2, C-6 DILLON CHESTER Dillon Chester Dillon High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Chester High A-5, B-4, C-2 J. V. Martin Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Chester Hospital B-4, D-6 Chester Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 latta Chester Materials Ctr. A-5, B-4 , C-2 Latta High A-5, B-4 , C-2 Latimer Elementary A-5, B-4 , C-2 Great Falls Great Falls High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Lake View Great Falls Middle A-5, B-4, C-2 Lake View High A-5, B-4 , C-2 lake View Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, V-11 CHARLESTON Charleston DORCHESTER No. 3 Chisolm St. A-6, B-8, C-3 St. George C. A. Brown High A-6, B-8, C-3, V-11, St. George High A-6, B-3, C-8, V-4 V-13 Charleston Pol ice A-6 Summerville College of Charleston A-6, B-8, C-3 , D-10 Alston-Summerville Old Castle Pinckney A-6, B-8, C-3, V-10 Jr. High A-6, B-8, C-3, V-12, MUSC B-8, D-10 V-13 Palmer College A-6, B-8, C-3, D-10 Summerville High A-6, B-8, C-3, V-12, Rivers High A-6, B-8, C-3, V-10, V-13 V-11, V-13 Summerville lntermed. A-6, B-8, C-3, V-12, St. Francis Xavier V-13 Hospital B-8, D-10 Baptist College A-6, B-8, C-3, D-10 DARLINGTON The Citadel A-6, B-8, C-3, D-10 Darlington Trident TEC A-6, B-8, C-3, D-10 Brunson-Dargan Jr. High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3 , L-4 CHESTERFIELD Darlington Career Ctr. A-5, B-7 , C-11, L-2, L-3, Cheraw L-4 Chesterfield-Marlboro G. C. Mangum's Office A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3, TEC A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 L-4 Chesterfield Cty. Mayo High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3, Hospital B-4, D-3 L-4 Long Jr. High A-5, B-4 , C-2 Pine Middle A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3, L-4, V-6 Chesterfield St. John's High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2 , L-3 , Chesterfield High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-3 L-4 Chesterfield Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-3

McBee Hartsville McBee High A-5, B-4, C-2 Butler High A-5, B-4 , C-2, V-7 Hartsv ille Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 CLARENDON Hartsville High A-5, B-4 , C-2, V-7 New Zion Byerly Hospital B-4, D-3 East Clarendon Middle A-7, B-9, C-11, L-13 , V-4 lamar Lamar High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3, Summerton L-4 Scotts Branch A-5, B-4, C-2 Spaulding High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3, L-4 Turbeville East Clarendon High A-7, B-9 , C-11, L-13, EDGEFIELD V-4, V-6 Edgefield W. E. Parker Jr. High A-5, B-4 , C-2, V-3

47 County, City & County, City & Receiving Closed Circu it Rece iving Closed Circuit Location Channels• Location Channels*

Johnston Greenville Strom Thurmond High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-3 Beck Middle A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, L-12 FAIRFIELD Berea High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8 ,. L-10, Winnsboro L-12 Fairfield Dist. Office A-5, B-4, C-2 Berea Middle A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, Winnsboro High A-5, B-4, C-2 L-12, V-9 Carolina High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10 FLORENCE L-12 Coward Eastside High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, ). C. Lynch A-7, B-9, C-11, L-13 , L-12 V-4 Greenville Adm. Bldg. A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, L-12 Florence Greenville Fine Arts A-5, B-3 , C-2, D-6 , L-8, Florence-Darlington L-10, L-12 TEC A-5, B-7, C-11, D-9 Greenvi ll e Hospi tal B-3, D-6 Florence lTV A-5, B-7, C-11, D-9, Greenville lTV A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, L-2, L-3, L-4 L-12 Florence Police A-5 Greenville Middle A-5 , B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, McClenaghan High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2 , L-3, L-12, V-13 L-4 Greenville Sr. High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, Mcleod Infirmary D-9 L-12 Annex Greenville TEC A-5, B-3 , C-2, D-6 Mcleod Memorial Hollis Middle A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, Hospital B-7, D-9 L-12 Moore Jr. High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3, Hughes Middle A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8 , L-10, L-4 L-12 , V-7, V-11 Adult Lea rning Ctr. A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2 , L-3, ). L. Mann High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, L-4 L-12 , V-6 So. Florence High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3, Lakeview Middle A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, L-4 L-12 Southside Jr. High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2 , L-3, League Middle A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, L-4 L-12 W. Florence High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2 , L-3 , Monaview Middle A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, L-4 L-12 Williams Jr. High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2 , L-3, Northwest Middle A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, L-4 L-12 Wilson High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2, L-3, Parker High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, L-4, V-6 L-12, V-11 Riverside High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, johnsonville L-12 Johnsonville High A-7, B-9, V-3 Sevier Middle A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10 , Johnsonville Middle A-7, B-9, V-5 L-12 , V-13 Southside High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, lake City L-12 Lake City Career Ctr. A-7, B-9, C-11, L-13 Tanglewood Middle A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, Lake City High A-7, B-9, C-11, L-13, L-12 V-4 Wade Hampton High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, Lake City Jr. High A-7, B-9, C-11, L-13 L-12 Tri-County ETV A-V, B-V, C-V, D-V WNTV-TV C-V, D-V Greenvi ll e Po lice A-5 Olanta Olanta High & Elem. A-7, B-9, C-11, L-13, Greer V-4, V-5 Blue Ridge High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, L-12 Pamplico Greer High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, Hannah-Pamplico High A-7, B·9, C-11, L-13, L-12 V-4 Greer Middle A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8 , L-10, Hannah-Pamplico MiddleA-7, B-9, C-11, L-13 , L-12 V-4 Mauldin Timmonsv ille Mauldin High A-5 , B-3 , C-2, L-8 , L-10, Johnson Jr. High A-5, B-7, C-11, L-2 , L-3, L-12 , V-40 L-4 Timmonsvill e High A-5, B-7, C-11, l-2, L-3, Piedmont L-4 Woodmont High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8, L-10, L-12 GREENVIllE Fountain Inn Si mpsonville Bryson Middle A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8 , L-10, Hillcrest High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10, L-12 L-12 48 County,.City & County, City & Rece iving Closed Circuit Receiving Closed Circuit location Channels* location Channels•

Hillcrest Jr. High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8 , L-10 , JASPER L-12 Ridgeland Ridgeland Hi gh A-6, B-4, C-2, V-3 Taylors Northwood Middle A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-8 , L-10 , KERSHAW L-12, V-11 Bethune Bethune High & Elem. A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Travelers Rest Travelers Rest High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-8, L-10 , Camden L-12 , V-11 Camden Higher Ed. A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Kershaw Hospital B-4, D-3 GREENWOOD Camden Police A-5 Greenwood Emerald Jr. High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-11, LANCASTER L-12 , L-13 , V-7 Heath Springs Greenwood High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-11 , Heath Springs Middle A-5 , B-4, C-2 L-12, L-13 , V-7 Greenwood Police A-5 Kershaw Greenwood Taping Ctr. A-5, B-3, C-2, D-9, Andrew jackson High A-5, B-4, C-2 L-11, L-12, L-13, V-7 Flat Creek Middle A-5, B-4, C-2 Greenwood Voc. Ctr. A-5, B-3, C-2, L-11 L-12 , L-13 Lancaster Lander College A-5, B-3 , C-2, D-9 Elliott-White Springs Northside Jr. High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-1 1, Hospital B-4, D-6 L-12 , L-13 , V-7 Lancaster High No. A-5, B-4, C-2 Piedmont TEC A-5, B-3, C-2, D-9 Lancaster High No. A-5, B-4, C-2 Self Mem. Hospital B-3, D-9 Lancaster Police A-5 Southside Jr. High A-5, B-3, C-2, L-11, Lan caster Sheriff A-5 L-12, L-13, V-7 USC-Lancaster A-5, B-4, C-2, D-6

Ninety-Six LAURENS Ninety-Six High A-5, B-3 , C-2, L-11 , Clinton L-12, L-13, V-7 Bell St. )r. High A-5, B-3 , C-2 Ninety-Six Middle A-5, B-3, C-2, L-11 , Clinton High A-5, B-3, C-2 L-12, L-13, V-7 Martha Dendy Jr. High A-5, B-3 , C-2

Ware Shoals LEE Ware Shoals Hi gh A-5, B-4, C-2 Bishopville Bishopville High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-3 GEORGETOWN Bishopville Middle A-5, B-4, C-2 Georgetown lee County Voc. A-5, B-4, C-2 Georgetown Higher Bishopville Police A-5 Ed. Ctr. A-6, B-3 , C-8, D-10 Georgetown Hospital B-3, D-10 LEXINGTON Georgetown Police A-6 Ballentine Lexington Dist. 5 Office A-7, B-9, C-11, L-2, L-5 HAMPTON Estill Cayce Estill High A-5, B-4, C-2 Brookland-Cayce High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-9 , L-11 , Esti ll Middle A-5, B-4, C-2 V-6, V-12 Estill Police A-5 Lexington Dist. 2 Admin. A-5, B-4, C-2, L-9 , L-11

Hampton Chapin Hampton Elementary A-5, B-4, C-2 Chapin High A-7, B-9 , C-11, L-2 , L-5 , Wade Hampton High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 V-4

Varnville lrmo Hampton Gen. Hospital B-4, D-3 lrmo Career Center A-7, B-9, C-11, L-2 , L-5 North District Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 lrmo High A-7, B-9, C-11, L-2 , L-5, V-4 HORRY lrmo Middle A-7, B-9, C-11, L-2 , L-5 , Aynor V-4, V-6 Aynor High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-3, lrmo Taping Center A-5, B-4, C-2 V-11, V-13 Swansea Conway Swansea High A-5, B-4, C-2 Coastal Carolina A-5, B-4, C-2, D-8 Swansea Middle A-5, B-4, C-2 Conway Hospital B-4, D-8 Conway Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-6 West Columbia Conway Sr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-13 Busbee Middle A-5 , B-4 , C-2, L-9, L-11 , Horry-Georgetown TEC A-5, B-4 , C-2, D-8 V-30 49 County, City & County, City & Receiving Closed Circuit Receiving Closed Circuit Location Channels• location Channels•

Fulmer Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-9, L-11 PICKENS Lexington Cty. Hospital B-4, D-3 Easley Northside Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-9, L-11 Easley Jr. High A-6, B-3, C-2, V-9 S. C. Opportunity Schl. A-S, B-4, C-2, V-3, V-12 Easley Sr. High A-6, B-3, C-2, V-9 Midlands (Airport) TEC A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Pickens Airport High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-11 Pickens District Office A-6, B-3, C-2 V-6, V-12, V-8 Pickens Jr. High A-6, B-3, C-2, V-7, V-9

MARION RICHLAND Marion Blythewood Johnakin High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7 Hanberry Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2 Marion High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-7, V-11 Marion Memorial Columbia Hospital B-4, D-8 A. C. Flora High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9 Marion-Mullins Voc. A-5, B-4, C-2 L-11 Alcorn Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, MARLBORO L-11, V-6 Bennettsville Allen University A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Bennettsville High A-5, B-4, C-2 Midlands TEC A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Bennettsville Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2 Benedid College A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Marlboro Voc. A-5, B-4, C-2 C. A. Johnson High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9 , L-11, V-13 McCORMICK Caughman Road Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, McCormick L-11, V-30 McCormick High A-5, B-3, C-2, V-7 Columbia College A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 McCormick Middle A-5, B-3, C-2 Columbia High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9 , L-11 NEWBERRY Columbia Police A-5 Newberry Crayton Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9 , Gallman Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-3 L-11 Newberry Sr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, D-8 Dent Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9 , Newberry Hospital B-4, D-8 L-11 , V-6 Dreher High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9, ORANGEBURG L-11 , V-13 Branchville Eau Claire High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, Branchville High A-5, B-4, C-2 L-11 , V-fJ, V-12 ETV Commission A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3, L-7, North L-9, L-11 North High A-5, B-4, C-2 ETV-FTS A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3, L-7, L-9 , L-11 Norway FaiJWold Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, Hunter-Kinard A-5, B-4, C-2 L-11, V-6 NoJWay Middle A-5, B-4, C-2 Gibbes Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9, L-11 Orangeburg Hand Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9 , Belleville Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2 L-11 , V-6 Orangeburg High A-5, B-4, C-2, V-6, V-10 Hopkins Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9, Orangeburg Hospital B-4, D-3 L-11 , V-30 Orangeburg Police A-S Keenan High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, Orangeburg Resource L-11 , V-6 Ctr. A-5, B-4, C-2 Law Center-USC A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Orangeburg-Calhoun Lower Richland High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9 , TEC A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 L-11, V-30 S. C. State College A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Olympia Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9, Willington Academy A-S, B-4, C-2 L-11 Perry Middle A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9 , OCONEE L-11 , V-6 Clemson Providence Hospital B-4, B-3 Clemson House A-5, B-3, C-2, D-6 Richland Dist. 1 A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, Physics Bldg. A-5, B-3, C-2, D-6 L-11 Sirrine Hall A-5, B-3, C-2, D-6 Richland Dist. A-5 , B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9 , President's Home A-5, B-3, C-2, D-6 L-11 Richland Mem. Hospital B-4, D-3 Seneca Rutledge Bldg. A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9 , Seneca Police A-5 L-11 Seneca High A-5, B-3, C-2 Baptist Hospital B-4, D-3 Dept. of Corrections A-5, B-4, C-2, D-3 Spring Valley High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-7, L-9, L-11, V-3, V-6, V-12 so County, City & County, City & Receiving Closed Circuit Receiving Closed Circuit location Channels• location Channels"

St. Andrews Jr. High A-5 , B-4, C-2 , L-71 L-9 , Sumter High L-11, V-30 (Council· St.) A-5 , B-4, C-2 , L-8 , L-9, State House A-5 , B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9, L-11 , V-6 L-11 Sumter High A-5 , B-4, C-2 , L-8 , L-9 , USC-Bus. Admin. A-5 , B-4 , C-2 , 0-3 (Haynesworth) L-11 , V-6 VA Hospital A-5 , B-4, C-2, 0-3 Mclaurin Jr. High A-5 , B-4 , C-2 , L-8 , L-9 , Webber Middle A-5 , B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9 , L-11 , V-6 L-11 , V-6 , V-30 Sumter Police A-5 Wilson Voc. A-5 , B-4, C-2, L-7 , L-9 , Sumter TEC A-5 , B-4, C-2, 0-7 L-11, V-3 , V-6 , V-12 Tuomey Hospital B-4, 0-7 USC-Sumter A-5 , B-4, 0-2, 0-7 SPARTANBURG WRJA Taping Center A-5 , B-4, C-2, 0-7, L-8, Campobello L-9 , L-11 Spartanburg Dist. 1 A-5, B-2, C-6 UNION Fairforest Union Fairforest Jr . High A-5 , B-2, C-6 Sims Jr. High A-5 , B-2 , C-6, V-4 , V-7 Lincoln Middle A-5 , B-2, C-6 Union High A-5, B-2, C-6 USC-Union A-5 , B-2 , C-6, 0-8 Inman Wallace Thompson Chapman High A-5 , B-2, C-6 Hospital B-2 , 0-8 Mabry Jr. High A-5 , B-2 , C-6 Union Police A-5

Landrum WILLIAMSBURG Landrum High A-5 , B-2, C-6 Kingstree Kingstree Sr. High A-7 , B-9 , C-11 , L-13 , V-3, Roebuck V-4 Roebuck Jr . High A-5 , B-2 , C-6 Williamsburg TEC A-7 , B-9, C-11 , 0-13

Spartanburg YORK Carver Jr. High A-S , B-2 , C-6, L-8, L-10, Clover L-11 , V-3 , V-9 Clover High A-5 , B-2, C-6, V-4 Cleveland Jr . High A-5, B-2 , C-6, L-8, L-10, Clover Jr. High A-5 , B-2 , C-6, V-4 L-11 , V-3 , V-9 Clover Middle A-5 , B-2, C-6 , V-4 Dorman High A-5 , B-2 , C-6, V-4 Evans Jr. High A-S , B-2, C-6, L-8 , L-10, Fort Mill L-11 , V-3 , V-9 Fort Mill High A-5 , B-4, C-2 lndiv. learning Ctr. A-5 Fort Mill Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2 Spartanburg Dist. 7 A-S , B-2, C-6, L-8, L-10 , L-11 Rock Hill Spartanburg Hospital B-4, 0-12 Castle Heights Jr. High A-5 , B-4, C-2 , L-7 , L-8 , Spartanburg High A-5 , B-2 , C-6, 0-12, L-8 , L-10 , L-11 , V-3, V-12 L-10 , L-11 , V-3 , V-9 Northwestern High A-5 , B-4 , C-2, L-7 , L-8 , Spartanburg Police A-5 , B-2, C-6 L-10, L-11, V-3 , V-12 Spartanburg TEC A-5 , B-2, C-6, 0-12 Rock Hill Oist. Office A-S , B-4 , C-2, L-7, L-8, Spartanburg Oist. 6 A-5, B-2 , C-6 L-10 , L-11 · USC-Spartanburg A-5 , B-2, C-6, 0-12 Rawlingson Rd. Jr. High A-5 , B-4, C-2 , L-7 , L-8, L-10, L-11 , V-3 , V-12 SALUDA Rock Hill Career Ctr. A-5 , B-4, C-2 , 0-6, L-7 , Saluda L-8 , L-10 , L-11 , V-3 Riverside Middle A-S , B-3 , C-2 Rock Hill High A-5 , B-4, C-2 , L-7, L-8 , Saluda High A-5, B-3 , C-2 L-10, L-11 , V-3 , V-12 Rock Hill lTV Office A-5 , B-4, C-2 , L-7, L-8, SUMTER L-10 , L-11 Sumter Sullivan Jr. High A-5 , B-4, C-2 , L-7 , L-8 , Alice Drive Jr. High A-5 , B-4, C-2, L-8 , L-9 , L-10 , L-11 , V-3 , V-12 L-11 , V-6 Winthrop College A-5 , B-4, C-2 , 0-6 Bates Jr. High A-5, B-4, C-2, L-8 , L-9 , York Gen. Hospital B-4, 0-6 L-11 , V-6 York TEC A-5 , B-4, C-2, 0-6

•A, B, C, 0 = Network closed circuit channels L = Local channels V = Videotaper recorder

51 The Impact of Equipment on Utilization Utilization studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between utilization of television and reception capabilities in the schools. In a recent survey, schools which had access to building distribution systems and /or district taping centers showed a dramatic increase in utilization, as did schools within the coverage areas of two new ETV stations. Building distribution systems within a school allow for distribu­ tion and /or taping of specific programs at specific times, in re­ sponse to teacher requests. Tape and delay centers serve the same function, with the programs being taped at ETV stations or school district offices and transmitted via local closed circuit channels to area schools. Both use relatively inexpensive cassette videotape recorders. In this way, the "scheduling problem" which once limited some teachers' utilization of ETV is eliminated, since les­ sons can be ordered to suit each educator's own curriculum plan. In 1977-78, a total of 52 new building distribution systems were installed in South Carolina schools. Building coordinators- lTV representatives who schedule teacher program requests in each school -had 64 additional videotape recorders at their disposal during this time period, an additional factor in improved schedul­ ing and increased utilization of programs. A total of 596 videotaper recorders in 424 schools were being utilized during the year. Plans for 1978-79 called for ETV's Field Technical Services staff to concentrate on installation of building distribution systems in 19 schools in the four-county area served by the new Rock Hill station, as part of the Network's continuing closed circuit expansion.

Broadcast Television Stations South Carolina ETV's broadcast television stations now number eight: WITV, Channel 7, Charleston WEBA-TV, Channel 14, Allendale-Barnweil WNTV, Channel 29, Greenville WJPM-TV, Channel 33, Florence WRLK-TV, Channel 35, Columbia and WJWJ-TV, Channel 16, Beaufort WRJA-TV, Channel 27, Sumter WNSC-TV, Channel 30, Rock Hill All of the channels are devoted to elementary school instruc­ tional programming during the school day. Although only one

52 program may be telecast over each channel at any given time, broadcast television stations can be received within a wide range . without the need for special cables. Thus over 800 elementary schools are served by these stations. The first group of stations above (channels 7-35) carry one broadcast schedule; the other three stations another. This scheduling allows those schools and individuals in areas receiving more than one ETV station a choice of times for their favorite course or program. Following the school day, these stations broadcast programs especially designed for the state's teachers. They can remain at school, or watch at home, courses in special interest areas or even complete certification or college credit courses. Broadcast television also offers unlimited opportunities for pro­ viding services to the general public. Interested citizens can stay at home or gather in groups for training or in-service programs for business, industrial or professional personnel; teachers can meet their continuing education requirements; and the home viewer can receive informative and interesting cultural and public affairs programming. Adult education courses designed to prepare adults for the High School Equivalency Examination (GED), can enable thousands of South Carolinians to further their education. College credit courses are also available for at-home viewing, and thousands of South Carolinians annually earn higher education credits without traveling to university campuses or disrupting their professional and personal lives in order to continue their graduate or undergraduate college education.

Public Television Programming Public television provides South Carolinians with an extensive array of television programs serving the informational, educative and cultural needs of all citizens of the state. Public television on S.C. ETV is funded in part by an annual Federal appropriation administered by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). Strong emphasis is given to informing and educating all citizens of the state with locally-produced programs specifically designed to meet key informational needs relating to health, education and welfare. In 1977-78, SEVEN30 offered 260 half-hour programs giving viewers vital information on consumer problems, education and health and brought close attention to the services offered by 24 state agencies. This series, broadcast five nights a week, gives viewers an opportunity to take part in the programs by calling in their questions toll-free from anywhere in the state.

53 Special emphasis was given to the candidates for statewide pub­ lic offices leading up to the Republican and Democratic primaries in June 1978. Other specials were presented dealing with key legislative issues of the past session of the General Assembly and coverage of President Jimmy Carter's visit to Charleston. From PBS a new daily public affairs series, THE MacNEIL/LEHRER REPORT, gave viewers an in-depth treatment of top national news stories and issues of concern. THE CAPTIONED NEWS, NOVA and numerous other captioned programs provided daily information for hearing-impaired South Carolinians. Many other captioned programs, including a locally-produced calendar of events, gave this segment of society added enrichment to their lives with chil­ dren's series and cultur~l series. CONSUMER SURVIVAL KIT as­ sisted all consumers with daily concerns ranging from car repair problems to getting the most for their food dollar. Special events programming included the Governor's "State of the State" address and other special legislative events coverage. ETValso provided complete coverage of President Carter's address to the Council of State Governments meeting in July 1977. In addition, live televised debates between the candidates for Gover­ nor were produced with cooperation of the State Republican and Democratic parties. S. C. ETV has in the past and will continue to respond quickly in times of crisis, unforeseen calamities caused by violent weather or other natural disasters. The Associated Press Newswire and the National Weather Service enable the network to impart informa­ tion to viewers whenever necessary in the public interest and welfare. ETV's minority programming includes JOB MAN CARAVAN, a job-oriented program with young people as its target audience. National entertainment is used as an incentive and is dispersed with job profiles, success stories, inspirational tips, consumer in­ formation, historical profiles and advice to young people from national and local figures. FOR THE PEOPLE is a magazine show, consisting of segments ranging from interviews with noted black Americans to profiles of community people, as well as short fea­ tures on a wide range of subjects- including hypertension, pov­ erty among blacks, the status of black business and the black senior citizen. TURNABOUT, OVER EASY; BLACK PERSPECTIVE ON THE NEWS, VILLA ALEGRE, and REBOP are among the nationally-produced series for minorities carried by S. C. ETV. The number of public school dropouts last year totaled more than 8,090, and recent national figures indicate that a little more 54 than half (51.9 percent) of the people in the United States 25 years old or older are high school graduates. South Carolina has the lowest percentage in the U. S. forfemale graduates, (37.6 percent) and the third lowest for males (38.0 percent). ETV presents week­ day telecasts of YOUR FUTURE IS NOW to thousands of young school drop-outs and under-educated adults, enabling them to receive high school equivalency certification, resulting in new career opportunities and affecting the totai dimension of human experiences. College credit courses for home viewers are offered on a con­ tinuing basis by ETV with public television classroom series such as AND THEN THERE WERE THIRTEEN, READING: THE ROAD TO UNDERSTANDING, TEACHER AS MANAGER, CINEMATIC EYE and SAINTS AND LEGIONS. Certification credit is also offered by the University of South Carolina and other state universities and colleges for certain pro­ grams. Through these programs, thousands of elementary and secondary teachers were afforded a unique opportunity to up­ grade their certification credits and pursue advanced studies by television. In May and June SPOLETO U.S.A. '78 brought South Carolinians comprehensive coverage of the world-famous arts and music festi­ val held for the second year in the United States at Charleston, South Carolina. S. C. ETV provided the state's citizens with a first­ hand look at national and international figures in the arts through 13 half-hour shows broadcast from the festival at Charleston. Also from Spoleto, Samuel Barber's opera Vanessa became a major national television production from S. C. ETV. Gian Carlo Menot­ ti's The Consul, produced during the premiere Festival in 1977, was nationally televised by PBS in March 1978. Among the many popular cultural series brought to the state via S. C. ETV and PBS are THEATRE IN AMERICA, EVENING AT SYM­ PHONY, MASTERPIECE THEATRE and GREAT PERFORMANCES. On a more local note, the Columbia City Ballet's presentation of A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM was produced for television. S. C. ETV's commitment to bring high-quality, responsible tele­ vision to the children of the state is most highly visible in the many morning and afternoon hours devoted to SESAME STREET and THE ELECTRIC COMPANY. STUDIO SEE, now in its third year of pro­ duction and produced for PBS by S. C. ETV, is a fast-paced, total video "magazine" for kids and their families. South Carolinians have improved their skills in art, music, cook­ ing, gardening, tennis, photography, yoga and other leisure ac­ tivities via ETV programs. For the past three years, ETV's THE GAR- 55 DEN SPOT with Willie Freeland has been top-rated among these specialized programs. S. C. ETV is the public television headquarters for the largest regional television network in the United States, the Southern Educational Communications Association (SECA). SECA is com­ prised of 104 television stations in 16 Southern states. S. C. ETV's programming staff assists SECA with a live interconnection each Saturday from 1 :00 P.M. to 7:30P.M. SECA also provides a library exchange service of resources produced by its member stations. S. C. ETV continues to broadcast programs via satellite to the Southeastern region. In cooperation with NASA, this project transmits some ten hours of program resources each week to remote regions of the South.

Television Programming Summary ETV telecasts an average of 183 programs or 86:40 hours per day on its open and closed circuit systems. At any hour ofthe day, multiple programming is originating from ETV's Master Control area. During the school day, for instance, CHEMISTRY may be on one circuit while GETIING THE WORD, ADVENTURES IN MATH, EXPERIENCES IN MUSIC, CREATIVE WRITING and BIOLOGY are being transmitted on other circuits to the schools at the same time. To generate efficiency and flexibility in programming and program delivery to schools, ETV's Traffic Department utilizes modern computer technology. Computers prepare yearly lesson schedules, daily operating schedules, infor­ mation for daily playback equipment usage. Computer data cards actually start videotape equipment and switch the correct lesson to the appropriate circuit at the precise time it is needed. This sophisticated technology facilitates the presentation of all ETV programming to meet the needs of South Carolina and its citizens. The depth, diversity and direct application of outstanding television programming to these needs makes S. C. ETV the un­ rivalled leader in its field. No other ETV system in the world can match ETV's multiple programming delivery.

ETV PROGRAMMING FOR A TYPICAL DAY

Hours Percentage of Type of Programming Per Day Broadcast Day Public School ...... 47:55 55.3% Teacher Staff Development ...... 1:55 2.3% General Education ...... 1:00 1.2%

56 Children's Programs ...... 3:30 4.0% Professional Education ...... 15:20 17.6% Public Affairs ...... 4:60 5.6% Cultural ...... 4:00 4.6% Other ...... 8:00 9.4% TOTAL ...... 86:40 100.0% TOTAL NUMBER OF PROGRAMS: 183

There can no longer be any doubt that educational television is a powerful and positive instrument for the upgrading of education at all levels. At this particular time in the development of education in South Carolina, educational television can play a major role. As subject matter is rapidly changing and becoming more complex, ETV is capable of providing vast resources to the state's teachers, thus helping them immeasurably in their efforts to provide uni­ formly excellent educational opportunities to all students. ETV can undergird education at all levels and insure the availability of uniform learning resources and standards, something that cannot be guaranteed in any other way. The era of satellite television programming has increased the total capability of the S. C. ETV system, with multiple channels to and from PBS Westar, NASA's CTS, and Appalachian ATS satellites. The satellite circuits interconnect with ETV's Master Control Sys­ tem to form one of the most complex programming systems in the world. Daily uplink programs for the SECA Network originate from S. C. ETV to PBS Westar; Medical and lTV programming use CTS and ATS for multi-state transmissions.

Educational Radio Summary In September 1972, the first of a planned statewide network of FM radio stations signed on in Greenville. By 1977-78, four stations were in full broadcast operation: WEPR-FM 90.1 in Greenville; WSCI-FM 89.3 in Charleston; WMPR-FM 88.1 in Sumter; and WLTR-FM 91.3 in Columbia. WPRV-FM 88.9 in Rock Hill signed on in January 1978 with a daytime-only broadcast schedule; this sta­ tion was scheduled to go on a full-time broadcast schedule in July. A sixth station, WERV-FM in Beaufort, was in the planning stages. All stations are 100,000 watts in power. Despite the enormous capabilities of ETV's statewide open ci r­ cuit and multi-channel closed circuit television systems, requests for service from groups throughout the state are rapidly expand-

57 ing. Educational radio provides an additional means of satisfying these needs. Thoughful selection of services and uses for radio can enhance the medium's unique capabilities, and its possible limitations as a communications device are balanced by radio's ease, flexibility and low production costs. Some instructional courses, such as music and literature, are ideally suited for radio. S. C. Educational Radio is continually being improved and upgraded, and the multi­ channel approach can be carried over from television to allow special "closed circuit" radio programming. In South Carolina, the use of a radio sub-channel to provide programming for the visually handicapped (as described in following paragraphs) offers a unique service to the state. Main channel programming provides instructional broadcasts each weekday from 8:30a.m. to 3:00p.m. Teacher staff develop­ ment programming is also offered. Early morning, late afternoon and evening broadcasts bring informational, educational and cul­ tural materials to the general public. In 1977-78, the S. C. Educational Radio Network produced a second season of AMERICAN POPULAR SONG WITH ALEC WIL­ DER & FRIENDS for broadcast on over 200 stations via National Public Radio (NPR) . The critically-acclaimed series, which won a Peabody Award in 1976 for its first season on NPR, was the recipient of an Ohio State Award in February 1978. S. C. ERN also presented TOSCANINI-THE MAN BEHIND THE LEGEND for rebroadcast on NPR. This 52-week series, produced and written by the late Don Gillis, provided viewers nationwide with a retrospective on the career of conductor Arturo Toscanini. In November 1977, S. C. ERN joined forces with S. C. ETV to present the first live simultaneous radio and television satellite transmission in history. This historic program, a performance of Scarlatti's MASS TO ST. CECILIA, was transmitted via the CTS satellite to the 15-state coverage area of the Southern Educational Communications Associations. Other stereo simulcasts included opera and concerts from such national cultural centers as the Metropolitan Opera and Lincoln Center. By combining the visual qualities of television with the stereo sound capabilities of FM radio, these simulcasts provide South Carolina audiences with an enriched listening/viewing experience never before possible. In addition to producing programs for NPR, S. C. ERN provided a variety of programs for local and statewide audiences through the production facilities of each station. These programs ranged from daily news and weather updates to symphony performances to consumer reports and public affairs specials. WSCI in Charleston

58 received a Distinguished Volunteer Award from the Charl-eston County Public Schools for its contribution to area education through local programming.

Instructional Radio for the Public Schools In February 1976, instructional radio for grades K-12 began a full school day broadcast schedule, with 20 courses being offered over S. C. ERN through the State Department of Education's Office of Instructional Television and Radio. Although a relative newcomer to South Carolina, instructional radio has been a part of the educational communications industry for some time. The first such station, WHA, was established in Madison, Wisconsin in 1919. Internationally, radio is used as an instructional tool in Canada, Great Britain, India, Japan, Sweden, Africa, Korea and Australia. Through the uniqueness of the medium, radio has been used successfully to teach subjects ranging from mathematics and mechanical drawing to dental hygiene and music appreciation. Indeed, radio makes several special contributions to the learning experience. It involves the student by stimulating his imagination, helps to teach listening skills, brings immediacy into the class­ room, implements the newest curriculum approaches, and per­ mits a variety of formats. Instructional radio is designed to be a flexible medium to fit in with the varied types of classroom arrangements, approaches, and schedules that exist across the state. Radio can be used with a group of students with common needs. Grade levels for series are never announced on the air, so the teacher is encouraged to select advanced series for the gifted and appropriate programs from lower levels for students with learning deficiencies. Radio brings a pleasant experience to those students who have learning dis­ abilities. There is no pressure to read and write during a radio broadcast. As long as a child has adequate hearing, radio can bring a successful experience into his/her life. "Radio Time" often pro­ vides a mutual experience for students on all levels. One of the most popular aids in the utilization of instructional radio is the listening station with headphones. Many radios have an audio output jack which enables a group of students to listen to a program while the teacher works with another group. Jacks can be added to radios rather easily and inexpensively. If the teacher has taped a program during its broadcast, listening stations can be used with audio tape recorders.

59 Large-group listening is appropriate with many instructional radio programs, and teachers may find that the dramatic format of many programs sparks lively post-broadcast discussions. A total of 29 instructional radio series were offered overS. C. ERN during 1977-78, and 37 were scheduled for 1978-79. These series were acquired from other instructional radio producers and were evaluated by students, teachers, administrators and cur­ riculum consultants to ascertain their effectiveness and relevance for South Carolina. All offerings received the approval of the S. C. Board of Education. With the sign-on of WPRV-FM in Rock Hill in January 1978, instructional radio broadcasts were available to schools in the greater proportion of the state. Twenty-eight percent of the state's schools reported active utilization of instructional radio, and en­ thusiasm for this relatively new learning resource continues to increase dramatically, as evidenced by the following utilization figures :

INSTRUCTIONAL RADIO UTILIZATION Percent of 1976-77 1977-78 Increase Schools Using ...... 232 326 41 % Instructional Radio Students . 20,277 33,639 66% Series Enrollment ...... 49,401 76,685 55 % Instructional Radio Teachers. 599 940 57% Instructional Radio Classes . . 2,025 3,274 62 % Number of Radio Sets ...... 609 935 54% Local production is now underway for instructional radio. Pro­ gramming areas were outlined by the Regional and State Advisory Councils for lTV and Radio and supported by the State Department of Education's curriculum development section. South Carolina's instructional radio has received national rec­ ognition, most recently cited as a " model" in the Corporation for Public Broadcasting's Carlisle Report on instructional broadcast­ ing.

Educational Radio for the Blind The S. C. Educational Radio Network offers a unique service for blind and visually handicapped citizens of South Carolina. Known as Educational Radio for the Blind, this programming is broadcast over a special sub-channel of the five S. C. ERN stations. The

60 programming is heard through the use of specially tuned receivers which are issued to qualified individuals by the S. C. Commission for the Blind. Educational Radio for the Blind began when WEPR signed on in 1978; WPRV, the latest station to begin service, brings the present number of listeners to approximately 1,000. A joint effort of the S. C. ETV Commission and the Commission for the Blind, this special programming is designed to answer the special educational needs of its listeners. The service provides access to as much contemporary print matter as possible for indi­ viduals who do not have access to the printed word. Broadcasts include readings from five daily newspapers and other local, state and national publications, as well as chapter-by-chapter readings from selected books. Other programs provide career and employment information, consumer information, tips on house­ hold repairs, recipes, self-defense techniques, etc. Special pro­ grams for women, senior citizens and children are a regular part of the schedule, as are reports from the Medical University of South Carolina. A weekly COMMISSION FORUM is one of several pro­ grams dealing specifically with the problems and challenges of the blind. Educational Radio for the Blind is on the air each Monday-Friday from 9:00a.m. to 9:30 p.m.,and each Saturday from 9:00a.m. to 1:00 p.m., a total of 65 hours a week. Future plans call for expanded broadcasts on weekends, aiming toward 80 hours per week.

Satellite Communications As a result of installations completed this year, South Carolina ETV can now send and/or receive programs via three different communications satellites. Satellite transmissions provide a larger variety of program choices, a better quality sound and picture and a reduced cost in sending or receiving programming over long distances. Satellite telecommunications systems are made up of two parts: an "uplink" and a "downlink." In the uplink mode, television programs are beamed from special origination terminals, such as the one located at ETV headquarters in Columbia, to a satellite orbiting in space. In the downlink mode, these programs are then relayed instantaneously from the satellite to special receivers on the ground. ETV has been a pioneer in the use of satellite communications, making the first transcontinental satellite broadcast ever attempt­ ed in early 1970. This demonstration helped the National Aeronau-

61 tics and Space Administration determine to proceed with plans to make satellite time available to educational television stations on a trial basis. In cooperation with the Southern Educational Communications Association, ETV has been a test site for sending and receiving programs via NASA's Communications Technology Satellite (CTS) since December 6, 1976. Programs are sent from ETV to 10 stations in eight Southeastern states every other day via CTS. On alternate days, the satellite is used for experiments in Canada. Participating stations ship program material to ETV for distribution throughout the region. This has resulted in increased choices of programming material for both the classroom and home viewers in South Caroli­ na. In 1977, ETV also became a receiving site for the ATS-6, a satellite which gives access to the Appalachian Regional Council. This satel­ lite has been utilized for special regional meetings and for trans­ mission of special courses for teachers. ETV is working with the Appalachian Regional Council towards sharing its many program­ ming resources with states from New York to Alabama within the Appalachian region. In the spring of 1978, ETV completed installation of antennas in Columbia, Beaufort, Rock Hill and Sumter to receive programs from the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) via the Westar satellite. Provided with funds made possible by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the Kresge Foundation and the Ford Foundation, these antennas enable ETV to receive up to four different programs from PBS simultaneously. Quality of picture and sound is greatly improved, especially for the Beaufort, Rock Hill and Sumter sta­ tions, which formerly received signals via land lines from Columbia which had already traveled by ground ' lines from Washington, D. C. In addition to receiving programs from Westar, ETV is also one of eight public television entities across the nation capable of trans­ mitting programs to the satellite for transmission nationwide. ETV feeds this satellite with programs virtually every day for use in various parts of the country. ETV will continue to explore uses of satellite communications, thus assuring that South Carolinians will be among the first in the nation to enjoy the benefits of this communications advance, utilizing tomorrow's technology to improve education today.

62 Statewide Weather Service In December 1976, South Carolina became the second state in the nation to have a statewide weather information system. Oper­ ated by the National Weather Service (NWS) in conjunction with ETV, this service offers continuous weather information to South Carolinians as well as emergency weather warnings. The service is transmitted from six radio stations located at ETV stations around the state; these stations are part of a system being installed nationwide by the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), parent agency of NWS. The stations transmit on one of three different frequen­ cies; broadcasts can be received on inexpensive "weather band" receivers or on multiband AM/FM receivers that include the weather frequency. The NOAA round-the-clock broadcasts include the latest weather observations and forecasts, river and flood forecasts, spe­ cial weather reports for agriculture and, most importantly, im­ mediate warnings to the public of such hazardous conditions as tornadoes and hurricanes. "Warning alarm" receivers- an espe­ cially valuable device for schools, hospitals, nursing homes, public safety agencies and news media offices - are available which sound an audible alarm automatically (as activated by an internal signal from NWS) when threatening conditions exist. The NOAA Weather Radio System is the sole government­ operated radio system to provide warnings directly into citizens' homes of both natural disaster and enemy attack. In the event of such enemy attack, the NOAA system would supplement warnings by sirens and commercial radio and television.

ETV Commission Objectives The South Carolina ETV Commission has a number of major objectives and responsibilities to the people of South Carolina. Despite past success in meeting these responsibilities, the Com­ mission strives constantly to find more and better ways to fulfill its objectives. They include: 1. The Commission's primary responsibility is to provide in­ structional television lessons for use in all the schools of the state, whether elementary, secondary, institutions of higher learning, or technical training facilities. 2. A second responsibility is to provide comprehensive oppor­ tunities for the teachers of South Carolina to continue their professional education. 63 3. An additional responsibility is to provide continuing profes­ sional education for South Carolina citizens through the pro­ duction and transmission of post-graduate courses in such fields as medicine, law, dentistry, pharmacy, law enforce­ ment, correctional institution training, food service, and any others as the need arises or is recognized. 4. A responsibility closely tied to the economic progress of the state is to provide educational television materials for the continuing training and education of business and industrial personnel. 5. An additional responsibility is to cooperate with all state agencies by providing ETV courses for higher education stu­ dents, informational programming for the public, training for agency personnel, and inter-agency communications. 6. A final responsibility inherent in any institution of education - whether it be a school, college, museum or television station -is to provide general information reflecting knowl­ edge of an interest in the world.

64 IV. EVALUATIONS OF ETV

South Carolina System Praised Many leaders in education and broadcasting have commended the accomplishments ofthe South Carolina ETV system. In a recent visit to South Carolina, Alan Pifer, president of the Carnegie Cor­ poration, said, "Everywhere we go, we are told that South Carolina is the model for what educational technology should and can do in meeting educational needs of our changing society. What you are doing here, from satellite transmission to the broad use of elec­ tronic technology, makes you truly a pioneer in educational broadcasting." Chairman of a task force which is studying public broadcasting, Pifer visited the ETV Center in Columbia as part of a nationwide study to reassess the role of public broadcasting in answering the nation's informational and educational needs. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) President Lawrence K. Gross­ man said, "I am amazed at the amount of programming you are transmitting here in South Carolina through your open and closed-circuit networks. It's easy to see why you have been acknowledged the leader in educational broadcasting for so long. The rest of the country is just beginning to catch up." Dr. Alvin E. Eurich, then Director of the Fund for the Advance­ ment of Education, commented: "South Carolina has the basis and blueprint for what educational television needs to bring about a healthy revolution in the American education system." Dr. William L. Bowden of the Southern Regional Educational Board said, "You have overwhelmed me. A miracle has been performed in South Carol ina. My whole concept of the use of television will have to be substantially changed."

Studies Commend South Carolina Achievement

Carnegie Commission Study Virtually every study involving South Carolina ETV has come out with very positive reports and recommendations. The Carnegie Commission Study of ETV stated, "It is clear that there resides in television the power to make massive contributions to formal education." The report pointed to South Carolina as the outstand­ ing example of a statewide system. 65 Cresap, McCormick & Padget Report The Cresap, McCormick & Padget Report recommended, 'The State should seek a major expansion in the use of television facilities for instruction and teacher in-service training."

)oint legislative Study Committee's Report The joint Legislative Study Committee's Report stated, "The progress of South Carolina Educational Television during the past year is a worthy source of satisfaction to the people of the State. The evidence of cooperation between ETV and related agencies is firming the foundation for more complete and effective use of this relatively new medium. The Television Commission and leader­ ship responsible for its development are to be congratulated for continued persistence and flexibility in seeking to make this medium an effective tool for improvement of the state."

Moody Report The Moody Report recommended, "Greatly expanded school use of educational television, one of South Carolina's great re­ sources." The report put special emphasis on the use of ETV in the preschool and kindergarten programs.

South Carolina Education Association Survey A recent South Carolina Education Association Survey entitled "Profile of the South Carolina Public School Teacher" gave a high rating to ETV, revealing that: 82% of South Carolina teachers feel ETV is a good to excellent in-service educational medium. 79% of South Carolina teachers feel ETV is a good to excellent instructional medium for the teaching of math and science. 69% of South Carolina teachers feel ETV is a good to excellent medium for the teaching of social studies and literature. 90% of South Carolina teachers feel ETV is a good to excellent educational and cultural medium for the public.

Teacher Attitude Survey The Teacher Attitude Survey, conducted by Dr. Lark 0. Daniel, Ph.D., San Diego State College, backed up the SCEA Survey, stat­ ing, "The elementary and the secondary teachers of South Carolina have a very positive attitude toward televised instruction, hold the procedures and products of the South Carolina ETV Center in high regard, and consider instructional television to be an integral and important aspect of the education of the children in

66 this state. From such a solid base as this, it is to be expected that educational television will serve an increasingly important role in the educational institutions of the State of South Carolina."

Medical College of S. C. Survey The Medical College of South Carolina Survey reported, "South Carolina physicians overwhelmingly endorse the medical training program now in its eighth year on ETV. Eighty percent of doctors responding to a Medical College of South Carolina survey indicate they have seen more than half of the programs offered and con­ sider them to be very worthwhile."

Law Enforcement Survey The Law Enforcement Survey states: "The ETV program has been successful, in relation to the law enforcement officers of South Carolina, in a number of ways. First, using televised instruction as the teaching medium, it has achieved its primary mission of in­ creasing the competency of the law enforcement officers. Both their knowledge and their skills may be expected to have been improved as a result of participating in the program. Second, the attitude of the average officer toward the job of law enforcement has become more positive as a by-product of the ETV programs. It is reasonable to expect that with increased knowledge comes a greater sense of professionalism. There are many other positive results of the ETV training project which you will find discussed in the Report."

ETV Audience Surveys An ETV Audience Survey, conducted by the University of South Carolina's College of journalism in the spring of 1977, indicated that 62 percent of South Carolina families queried watch ETV. The survey was conducted in seven communities - Columbia, Charleston, Greenville, Florence, Sumter, Beaufort and Allen­ dale-Barnwell. In contrast, an earlier survey showed 50 percent of Columbia households watched ETV. Recent coincidental surveys and samplings for individual programs also indicate that ETV view­ ership is on an upward trend. A special statewide survey on the highly successful, award-winning JOB MAN CARAVAN indicated that 70 percent of the target audience watched the series.

The Governor's Management Review Commission Report The most intensive recent study of the South Carolina System has been undertaken by the Governor's Management Review 67 Commission. It endorses the work of ETV in the past and expresses extremely positive recommendations for improving ETV facilities and extending the economic advantages of ETV throughout the state through the extension of additional closed-circuit multi­ channel transmission capabilities.

The New York Times An article in The New York Times dated March 2, 1975 declared that: " It will come as a surprise to a great many northerners to learn that South Carolina enjoys probably the most outstanding educa­ tional television network in the entire country. Since its inception 17 years ago, South Carolina Educational Television (ETV) has been winning awards, pioneering new techniques and broadcasting so large a number of high quality instructional programs ... that it has been studied by representatives from all 49 other states and served as a model for similar systems in London and Glasgow."

State PTA Resolution In April 1977, the State PTA Convention passed a resolution favoring the use of ETV. This resolution was an outgrowth of the national and state TV violence monitoring project in which local PTA groups here heavily involved. According to Mrs. jane Cres­ well, State PTA Third Vice President, " ETV provides a good alterna­ tive to programming unfavorable to kids, and we wish to make everyone aware of this." The resolution reads as follows:

EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION Whereas, educational television is established in South Carolina and is rated among the best in the United States, and Whereas, many educational institutions are using the services of educational television in the classroom, and Whereas, educational television is used as enrichment instruction and increases educational opportunities, and Whereas, with increased violence and sex on commercial televi­ sion; therefore, be it, Resolved, that educational television offers an alternative viewing for South Carolina's children, and be it further Resolved, that South Carolina Parent Teacher Association encour­ age school districts throughout the state to participate in and 68 take advantage of educational television programs available, and be it further Resolved, that South Carolina Parent Teacher Association urge its units, councils, and districts to make parents, teachers, and students aware of the advantages of educational television programming.

Governor's Proclamation In observance of South Carolina's pioneering leadership, Gov­ ernor james B. Edwards proclaimed September 12-16, 1977 as "TV and Radio for Learning Week." The proclamation noted that "the medium of instructional television and radio improves student skills, motivates and stimulates, illuminates and educates, and is an innovative tool for the classroom teacher"; that "South Carolina provides its citizens more instructional telecommunications re­ sources than any other state in the nation"; and that "student and teacher acceptance of instructional television and radio is proven and supported by increased utilization each year."

Reports by ETV to the Public ETV has in the past few years reported on its activities to the Budget and Control Board, the Governor, the General Assembly, and the people in many ways and publications. Among the most appropriate and current of these are the following: ETV Guide, a monthly publication of information on S. C. ETV and ERN programming. South Carolina Instructional Television Resources, 1977-78, a catalog of lTV programs and schedules, published annually. South Carolina Instructional Radio Resources, 1977-78, a catalog of Instructional Radio programs and schedules published annu­ ally. /TV Newsletter, published four times a year. Forecast: Higher Education, a newsletter published three times a year. Cultural Calendar, Monthly. /TV Staff Development Schedules, September-May. South Carolina ETV Annual Report. NOAA Weather Radio in South Carolina, a pamphlet on the Weather Radio service. WR}A- TV-27, Sumter, SC, a brochure. Introducing ... WNSC- TV, WPRV-FM, a brochure.

69 Reprints of articles about ETV, including: "State Public Television- A New Tool for the States," from State Government, Autumn 1971. "A State ETV Network: What's in It for Higher Education?" from Planning for Higher Education, February 1976. "Letter from South Carolina," from Public Telecommunications Review, September/October 1976. "South Carolina ETV ... One of the Most Sophisticated Networks in the Country," from The Greenville News-Piedmont, Feb­ ruary 8, 1976. "South Carolina's Educational TV Heads the Class," from The New York Times, March 2, 1975.

70 V. ETV AWARDS National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences 1969-1970 Sta­ tion Award National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences 1970-1971 Sta­ tion Award National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences 1974 Emmy for INSIDE / OUT (Instructional Television) National Conference of Christian and Jews Mass Media Brother- hood Award Ohio State Award for SPORTSMANLIKE DRIVING Ohio State Award for ELECTRONICS AT WORK Ohio State Award for CHEMISTRY Ohio State Award for SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORY Ohio State Award for IT'S A NEW SOUND Ohio State Award for THE GIFT OF THE MAGI Southern Educational Communications Association Award for Outstanding Instructional Television for THE GIFT OF THE MAGI Alfred P. Sloan Radio-TV Award for Distinguished Public Service in Highway Safety Southern Educational Communications Association Award for Ex­ cellence in Instructional Programming Southern Educational Communications Association Certificate of Merit for Public Television Programming American Express Police Science Award for the South Carolina ETV Law Enforcement Training Program U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Citation for Outstanding Contribution to Health Mobilization Program Corporation for Public Broadcasting Award for Excellence in Community Relations American Automobile Association Commendation for SPORTSMANLIKE DRIVING National Federation of Music Clubs Award of Merit, 1971 National Federation of Music Clubs Award of Merit, 1974 South Carolina Education Association School Bell Award American Society for Training and Development Public Service Award for EFFECTIVE SUPERVISION Ohio State Award for VANISHING TOWNS The Scripps-Howard Foundation Award, 1974 Southern Educational Communications Association Award for Creative Production for PLAY IT AGAIN, UNCLE SAM, 1974- 1975 Southern Educational Communications Association Award for Best

71 Public Television Program for PLAY IT AGAIN, UNCLE SAM, 1974-1975 Southern Educational Communications Association Award for Community Service for PLAY IT AGAIN, UNCLE SAM, 1974- 1975 Southern Educational Communications Association Certificate of Merit in Public Television Programs for VANISHING TOWNS March of Dimes Certificate of Appreciation The Public Television Library Certificate of Recognition for VAN­ ISHING TOWNS The Association for Educational Communications and Technology of South Carolina's Annual Outstanding Program Award for the Program CERTIFICATE RENEWAL AND GRADUATE CREDIT IN-SERVICE FOR TEACHERS International Paper Company Award for Excellence for Creative Accomplishments in the Field of Graphic Arts, for publication of ETV Guide and 1975-76 /TV Resources Book Columbia Communicating Arts Society, First Place, Documentary Film Division, in First Annual Show, for A FOREST IS WHERE YOU GROW IT South Carolina Commission for the Blind's Outstanding Benefac­ tor to the Blind Award South Carolina Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Award for Educational Programming for the Blind Eleventh Chicago International Film Festival's Silver Plaque Award for THE RENAISSANCE MAN Columbia Advertising Club Addy Award for THE NEW LIFE, 1976 Southern Educational Communications Association Award for Best Public Television Series for STUDIO SEE, 1975-1976 Southern Educational Communications Association Award for Best Creative Production in Instructional Television for THE JOUR­ NEY, 1975-1976 United States Industrial Film Festival's Certificate for Creative Ex­ cellence for REASON ENOUGH Freedom Foundation's Valley Forge Certificate of Honor for the nine-film series FREE ENTERPRISE ECONOMICS, 1975 American Society for Training and Development, Honorable Men­ tion for FREE ENTERPRISE ECONOMICS International Paper Company Certificate of Excellence for publica­ tion of A Garden for All Seasons Printing Industries of the Carolinas Association, Second Place Award for the poster, "Bike Back into the Revolution" Columbia Advertising Club Addy Award, First Place for the film Long Road Home, 1977 72 Columbia Advertising Club Addy Award, Citation of Merit for the poster, "The Booze Game," 1977 George Foster Peabody Broadcasting Award, 1976, for the radio series AMERICAN POPULAR SONGS WITH ALEC WILDER & FRIENDS American Advertising Federation's Third District Addy Award, First Place for Long Road Home, 1977 Southern Educational Communications Association Special Cer­ tificate of Merit for STUDIO SEE American Advertising Federation National Award, Citation of Ex­ cellence for Long Road Home, 1977 Charleston County Public Schools Distinguished Volunteer Award to WSCI-FM South Carolina Education Association, School Bell Award, to SEVEN30, 1977 South Carolina Broadcasters Association, Certificate of Apprecia­ tion to WJWJ-TV Printing Industry of the Carolinas, second place Award for Excel­ lence, for brochure entitled "Preview," 1977 Columbia Advertising Club, Bronze Addy Award, for brochure entitled "Preview," 1977 Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Local Programming Award for Best Cu It ural Documentary, to WSCI-FM for The Hucksters of Old Charleston. Ohio State Award for AMERICAN POPULAR SONG WITH ALEC WILDER & FRIENDS, 1978 Freedoms Foundation, George Washington Honor Medal Award for AMERICA COUNTS Action for Children's Television, National Achievement Award for STUDIO SEE

73 VI. ETV ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Administrative Support The South Carolina ETV Network is organized in eight divisions - Administrative Services, Continuing Education, Engineering, Programming Operations, Production, Radio, Special Services and Station Ope ration. Deputy Manager Thomas Stepp oversees division activities along with supervising the members of Administrative Support. Administrative Support is composed of Publications and Informa­ tion and other administration staff. Division of Administrative Services The Division of Administrative Services is composed of the fi­ nance and personnel sections. Finance assists the general manager in the fiscal management of the agency : budget formulation and execution, maintenance of all accounting records , cost reduction and cost control, equipment control, approval of expenditures of all funds, and purchasing of supplies, equipment and services. The personnel section is responsible for planning and imple­ menting personnel management procedures: recruitment, train­ ing, classification and compensation, employee relations, leave records, employee benefits, and preparation and distribution of payrolls. Division of Continuing Education The Division of Continuing Education provides developmental and planning services (workshops, consultations, specific project research and script writing) to higher education, medical and technical education institutions and state agencies in the area of professional education. The division's services are also available to state associations and business and industry within South Carolina. Continuing Education is responsible for distribution and market­ ing of ETV programs and the in-house training of network person­ nel. Division of Engineering The individuals responsible for the transmission of television and radio programs maintain and operate the TV and FM transmit­ ters around the state while those working in studio engineering handle the maintenance and technical operation of equipment at the ETV Center. 74 Division of Programming Operations The Division of Programming Operations is responsible for de­ velopment of local open circuit programs, scheduling of all public television programming, and log preparation for all circuits. It is also charged with development of national public television proj­ ects and their funding.

Division of Production The Division of Production is responsible for studio and field television production, the total graphic look and output of South Carolina ETV, and cinematography and still photo activities. Its staff members are responsible for a wide variety of products: television programs of all types, films, slide-tape presentations, animation, set design and construction, photos, design and illus­ tration of on-air and printed graphic materials, and production support of the other divisions within South Carolina ETV. They combine the technical and the artistic to produce a full range of programs and services for the public.

Division of Radio The Division of Radio consists presently of five educational FM radio stations: WEPR in Greenville, WSCI in Charleston, WMPR in Sumter, WLTR in Columbia, and WPRV in Rock Hill. The division is responsible for programming development and production, con­ tent and scheduling - of instructional radio programs for th~ state's public schools, staff development programs for teachers, and educational, cultural and public affairs programming for the general public. In addition, the Division of Radio provides special sub-channel transmission for visually-handicapped South Caro­ linians, in cooperation with the S. C. Commission for the Blind. Local production facilities at each station are responsible for meet­ ing the needs of their coverage areas and providing programming in response to these needs. The S. C. Educational Radio Network is the state's outlet for programs of National Public Radio, provided at no cost to the state.

Division of Special Services The Division of Special Services provides the essential mechani­ cal and supplemental services necessary to the effective work of the staff and manufactures the printed and other supplementary material and efforts necessary to coordinate the use of the ETV resources in the schools.

75 Division of Programming Operations The Division of Programming Operations is responsible for de­ velopment of local open circuit programs, scheduling of all public television programming, and log preparation for all circuits. It is also charged with development of national public television proj­ ects and their funding.

Division of Production The Division of Production is responsible for studio and field television production, the total graphic look and output of South Carolina ETV, and cinematography and still photo activities. Its staff members are responsible for a wide variety of products: television programs of all types, films, slide-tape presentations, animation, set design and construction, photos, design and illus­ tration of on-air and printed graphic materials, and production support of the other divisions within South Carolina ETV. They combine the technical and the artistic to produce a full range of programs and services for the public.

Division of Radio The Division of Radio consists presently of five educational FM radio stations: WEPR in Greenville, WSCI in Charleston, WMPR in Sumter, WLTR in Columbia, and WPRV in Rock Hill. The division is responsible for programming development and production, con­ tent and scheduling - of instructional radio programs for the state's public schools, staff development programs for teachers, and educational, cultural and public affairs programming for the general public. In addition, the Division of Radio provides special sub-channel transmission for visually-handicapped South Caro­ linians, in cooperation with the S. C. Commission for the Blind. Local production facilities at each station are responsible for meet­ ing the needs of their coverage areas and providing programming in response to these needs. The S. C. Educational Radio Network is the state's outlet for programs of National Public Radio, provided at no cost to the state. Division of Special Services The Division of Special Services provides the essential mechani­ cal and supplemental services necessary to the effective work of the staff and manufactures the printed and other supplementary material and efforts necessary to coordinate the use of the ETV resources in the schools.

75 Specific areas of responsibility include printing, shipping and receiving, building maintenance, planning and development, cus­ todial services, security, safety, inventory control, utilities, shop, office equipment and supplies, transportation, telephone com­ munications, and field technical services.

76 Organizational Chart

_,-" S.C. ETV Commission ,"" ..,"" President and ,-" ,"" General Manager _,-" ,-" _,"" Deputy Manager ,""

Administrative Support 1------t

Office of ITV/R

State Education Local Programming Services Pnnting Technical Education Scheduling Traffic Shipping & Sumter Higher Education Receiving Beaufort Professional Education Development National Program Maintenance Rock Hill ITV/R Liaison f1eld Technical Public Schools Devefopment Services Resource Development and Utilization ETV Staff 2712 Millwood Avenue P. 0. Drawer L Columbia, S. C. 29250 Henry J. Cauthen, President and General Manager: 758-7201 Thomas L. Stepp, Deputy Manager: 758-7210 Peter L. Anderson, Director, Production: 758-7342 Charlton W. Bowers, Director, Engineering: 758-7312 William D. Hay, Director, Educational Radio: 758-7318 George W. Hopkins Jr ., Director, Special Services: 758-7216 Joseph T. Karr, Director, Administrative Services: 758-7222 Charles S. Morris, Director, Programming Operations: 758-7208 Robert E. Wood, Director, Continuing Education: 758-7261 Patricia P. Dressier, Director, Publications and Information: 758-7284

WJWJ-TV P. 0. Box 1165 Beaufort, S. C. 29902 Ronald L. Schoenherr, Manager: 524-0888

WRJA-TV P. 0. Box 1836 Sumter, S. C. 29150 James L. Barnard, Manager: 773-5546

WNSC-TV P. 0. Box 11766 Rock Hill, S. C. 29730 Robert M. Frierson, Manager: 324-3187

FM Radio Stations: WLTR-FM, Columbia, Dick Phipps, Manager: 758-7318 WEPR-FM, Greenville, Lily Roland Hall, Manager: 656-3070 WSCI-FM, Charleston, John Dozier, Manager: 792-7457 WMPR-FM, Sumter, J. D. Hunt, Manager: 773-5546

ETV Commission Members Walter R. Pettis, Chairman James L. Guy Wallace F. Pate David G. Ellison John M. Rivers 78 Cordes G. Seabrook jr. Richard E. Tukey

Ex-Officio Members: Sen. Rembert C. Dennis Sen. james M. Waddell jr. Rep. Tom Mangum Rep. Hudson L. Barksdale Dr. Charlie j. Williams

VII. S.C. ETV COMMISSION BUDGET 1977-78 The following budget statistics reflect how - in conjunction with the Agency's budget and organizational structure- expendi­ tures were made to achieve the goals and program accomplish­ ments of the Agency and of the services provided to the state's citizens herein reported.

ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE Personal Service ...... $ 439,900 Other Operating Expenses ...... 312,614

CONTINUING EDUCATION DIVISION Personal Service ...... 598,924 Other Operating Expenses ...... 371,601

SPECIAL SERVICES DIVISION Personal Service ...... 503,322 Other Operating Expenses ...... 3,844,114

OPERATIONS DIVISION Personal Service ...... 1,488,932 Other Operating Expenses ...... 1,881,049

RADIO DIVISION Personal Service ...... 204,137 Other Operating Expenses ...... 135,429

STATION OPERATIONS- SUMTER Personal Service ...... 259,564 Other Operating Expenses ...... 187,698 79 STATION OPERATIONS- BEAUFORT Personal Service ...... 267,245 Other Operating Expenses ...... 179,829

STATION OPERATIONS- ROCK HILL Personal Service ...... 67,215 Other Operating Expenses ...... 23,088

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS State Retirement ...... 254,668 Social Security ...... 216,995 Workmen's Compensation ...... 7,038 Health Insurance ...... 100,967 Group Life Insurance ...... ___11'-'-,5:....:0:..::2 TOTAL EXPENDITURES ...... $11,355,831

80 < z m -1 co ~ --' 0 ;:1:::1 " >~ efv ~ South Carolina 'J) Educational Television Network

..,ZState -wide , Closed-Circuit Network e Existing Broadcast Stations e Planned Broadcast Stations co N

eAN South Carolina Educational Radio Network e Existing FM Broadcast Stations () Planned FM Broadcast Stations IX. SUMMARY, 1977-78 ETV is now an essential and integral part of the state's education system. Its acceptance and worth after 20 years of service have been proven. The use of ETV increases each year. The services it provides are ten times as great as other state ETV systems with equivalent budgets. The development and effective use of an effi­ cient, multi-channel distribution system has made it possible for ETV to achieve this cost effective impact on education in South Carolina. ETV costs only 1.2 percent of the state's education budget. The first objective of ETV is to serve school children. Television and radio instruction supplement classroom learning, stimulate chil­ dren to learn and help teachers do their job more effectively. The powerful ability of television to communicate information to chil­ dren is captured each school day by thousands of teachers teach­ ing hundreds of thousands of students. Public school utilization of educational television increased by 17 percent last year over the year before. In four years , school utilization has doubled. The exact data for 1977-78 is that 322,598 individual students used ETV in the classroom, generating a total ETV course enrollment of 1 ,545,319. Individual student enrollment increased 9.2 percent and total ETV course enrollment increased 17.4 percent. (Total enrollment counts each child once for each course he has taken by television.) The number of schools using ETV increased to 898. Public school utilization of educational radio continues to in­ crease rapidly. In 1977-78, total radio utilization was 76,685 result­ ing from an individual student enrollment of 33,639. This increase of 55 percent in total course enrollment and 66 percent in indi­ vidual enrollment show the growing awareness of the utility and economy of radio instruction. The number of schools using educa­ tional radio increased from 232 to 326 in the last year, an increase of over 40 percent. Not only is educational radio useful in schools as an instructional tool, but it also offers 12 hours per day of separate programming for blind South Carolinians. This service is broadcast by special subcarrier on ETV radio transmitters. It is designed especially for the visually handicapped who receive its signal on fixed-tuned radios supplied to them at no charge by the Federal government. It is one of the most significant of ETV services. One out of every six South Carolinians took part in at least one course through the ETV system last year. In addition to children in school, in 1977-78

83 9,432 teachers, 3,206 higher education students, 16,980 medical personnel, 3,500 law enforcement officers, 500 adults in basic education courses, and 48,000 business and industrial trainees studied in courses on ETV to extend their education or to improve their professional knowledge and skills. In addition to formal instruction, the Network offered the state's citizens a full evening and weekend schedule of how-to courses and entertaining and informative public television programs. Response to the Network's programs continues to increase each year as the above figures show. ETV plans to continue to expand its services as funds and technology permit.

84