99 Feb. 11, 1881

Feb. 11, 1881. THE ENGINEER. 99 BREWING IN ENGLAND. and thus render it more amenable to the action of weak pages 102 and 106. We must premise that excellent as the acid. A charge of the broken or crushed granular mass is arrangement is, it is one which was in a small degree No. II. allowed to fall into the apparatus called the rambler—a subservient to the adaptation of an existing building. It At pages 102 and 106 we give illustrations of a small cylindrical vessel of wood, revolving on a central shaft. An is an eight quarter brewery, designed by Mr. Arthur modern brewery, which contains features of interest to ascertained proportion of sulphuric acid and water is added, Kinder, engineer, of 11, Queen Yictoria-street, E.C. many of our readers. Before describing this, however, we and the rambler is then closed, and set in motion for a certain Before entering on a description of the illustrations, it must, in continuation of our article on page 33 of the time, calculated to allow for the complete absorption of all should be stated that these buildings contain simply the present volume, make some further reference to the pro the liquid. When this point is reached, the rambler lid brewing plant, and consist of a tower, copper-house, boiler- posed use of raw instead of malted grain. Several well is opened, and the grain is discharged into a large hopper house, cooler room, and fermenting room. The buildings known chemists interested in the application of chemistry or on to a floor. Thence it flows or falls into the con required for stores, &e., are not shown in our illustrations to brewing have occupied their time with the object of verter, an egg-shaped or conical vessel, made of gun metal, as a previous existing brewery has been cleared of its plant successfully producing worts from raw grain, and among and so constructed that, when charged with the prepared and altered to suit this purpose. To make our illustra these Mr. S. EL Johnson, F.C.S., has achieved considerable grain, a jet of steam, entering at the bottom can, by follow tions complete the house containing the boiler should be success. His inventions in this direction have been taken ing the lines of the vessel, permeate with facility the extended and fitted with troughs and nozzles necessary up by the Johnson ’s Saccharum Company, of Carpenters- porous masses of grain contained therein. The conversion for scalding, steaming, and washing the casks, and the road, Stratford, and the necessary apparatus for carrying is effected by the action of the steam alone ; but as it is building containing the fermenting rounds should be out his process was exhibited in the Brewery Exhibition desirable, for the purpose of neutralising and filtering, to double the length shown, and excavated to form cellarage, at Islington last autumn. The process has for some time further liquefy the mass, a certain quantity of water is in the room beyond the round room being used for storage been employed on a small scale, but the new fiscal arrange jected into the converter from the water measure, a vessel of hops and malt. The engine was taken from the old ments make its wide employment possible on grounds of which is supplied with water under pressure direct from plant, and is shown on the ground floor. This, economy. The chief feature of the process is the forma the steam boiler. The practice in conversion is to turn on however, is contrary to Mr. Kinder’s usual practice, tion of saccharine substances by the action of dilute acids the steam to the converter one minute before injection of which is to use a wall engine fixed in the mash on the starchy matters in various kinds of grain, without water and three minutes after, the whole time occupied in tun room, where also the brewers’ room is situated, the preliminary separation of that starch, and without the the treatment of each charge being about eight minutes. and from which floor he can control the wort and liquor prolonged action of heat in the presence of the acids on The grain has then become a liquid mash, and in this form pumps, and have the whole of the machinery and vessels the albumenoid and oily matters contained in the grain with the starch. This Mr. Johnson effects by means of the apparatus which we shall presently describe, the con NEUTRALIZING version of the starchy matter of the grain into saccharine VAT being very rapid. By the avoidance of the long-continued IQ action of heat empyreumatic matters previously produced KIBBLER j are not made. The material can, it seems, be produced in such a form M as closely to correspond, in its characteristics, with the RUMBLER wort produced by malting and mashing. The starchy ill matters are converted not wholly into glucose, but into a : I material composed of glucose, dextrine, and maltose. This M=gBBgE «n1Tn711FlTrn~-^liR ^ ^ process thus not only produces the right kind of material for beer wort ; but it produces it directly from the whole S grain, and is thus the simplest and cheapest process that hjl can be devised. It may also be mentioned that in con HOPPER r ducting the process the production of starch paste is CONTAINING .ACIDULATED avoided by effecting the initial stages of the conversion in the absence of free liquid. The mass of grain is thus GRAIN £ VAT maintained, during the early stages of the process, in a s porous condition permeable to steam. Under these cir £ A cumstances, the change from starch to the soluble dextrine, FROM £ COMPRESSOR in the presence of steam and acid, is very rapid. Starch IS TO paste being avoided, the requisite water for further con (J HOSE version can afterwards be introduced with impunity. The s mash thus produced is neutralised and filtered, and a wort a: run off in the condition for brewing. The rapidity of the a process enables a large quantity of work to be accomplished a within a small compass. The process is said to be applicable to all kinds of grain, so that the brewer who successfully STEAM PIPE employs it, is not only independent of the costly and more FROM BOILER delicate process of malting, but he is practically able to -SUL command the cheapest market for his raw material. Many lllijllMfl varieties of grain have been successfully converted by this WATER MEASURE process, and in view of the choice of materials that the s..*^ II SHOOTTO COPPER new law confers on brewers, the following particulars of ^Sthatfo RP experiments, as given by Mr. Johnson, are of interest:— CONVERTER COMBINED ENGINE AND AIR ACCUMULATOR FILTER PRESS JOHNSON’S BREWING APPARATUS. of o f b rl. for of p er p er Weight Description of under his command. In the arrangement of plant shown P'S- per Gr. is ejected by the pressure in the converter, and conveyed p er lb . grain. quarter. barrel. by our illustrations the wort is pumped once only, this Cost e x tr a c t by a pipe to the neutraliser. In the neutraliser a known C u rren t ex tra ct. q u arter. p rice lb . Sp. in w a ter ru m b lin g . W eig h t 1 small quantity of reagent, such as limestone or carbonate being necessary in passing from the hop-back to the cooler. The boiler-house adjoining the tower contains an lb. lb. lb. oz. s. d. d. of lime is added to neutralise the acid, and the neutralised Maize 4S0 192 14 7 133-77 24 0 2-15 mash is then allowed to flow into the apparatus called the ordinary Cornish boiler, carrying a working pressure of air-accumulators, which consists of a pair of receivers, com 45 lb. per square inch. Steam services from this are Malt 324 324 9 12 95-29 '54 0 6'80 bined with an air-compressing engine. The receivers, carried to the direct-acting well pump, the engine, the Wheat 476 250 14 6 148-32 48 0 3'88 being alternately charged with the mash, are connected boiler copper, and the copper coil placed in the hot liquor (English) back. The water of condensation from these vessels is brought Wheat 462 240 13 14 144-43 45 0 3‘74 with the air-compressing engine, and the accumulated pres (American) sure forces the contents into the apparatus called the filter to a water tank, and the whole of this water is returned Barley 394 250 11 14 117-2 45 0 4'60 press. The filter press is of the well-known form of filter as feed-water to the boiler. The malt is raised in sacks (English) Barley 363 250 10 15 95-06 26 0 3’2S press composed of a number of metal plates, corrugated and to the top floor of the tower by means of a hoisting tackle, (Danubian) slotted on each side, and covered with suitable filtering and thrown into the mill hopper on this floor. It is then Oats .. 326 200 9 13 90-86 28 0 3'69 screened of stones and dust while falling from this hopper to (English) cloth. The plates are so arranged that, when brought Oats 3091 220 9 5 74-59 20 6 3-31 together by means of a strong screw, they fit closely, and the crushing rolls, which are so placed as to deliver direct (Archangel) prevent the escape of any liquor, except through the filter into the grist hopper.

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