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Conocybe — Fig. 1 PERSOONIA Volume 18, Part 2, 239-252 (2003) Notulae ad floram agaricinam neerlandicam — XLI. Conocybe and Pholiotina ■2 Eef Arnolds & Anton Hausknecht Four interesting species of Conocybe and onespecies ofPholiotina,recently recorded from western Europe, are described and illustrated. Conocybe merdaria, related to in C. pubescens, is described as a new coprophytic species with the type locality Westfalen, Germany. Another coprophytic species, C. magnispora, was found in the Netherlands and had not been reported from Europe before. The collections of c. farinacea in the Netherlands represent the first records of this species in continental Europe. It is demonstrated that the European records under the name C. fragilis, originally described from North America, in fact belong to a different species, viz. Galera incarnata. The new combination Conocybe incarnata is made. The species, known in Europe under the name of Conocybe plicatellaor Galerella plicalella, be different from the of from appears to original description Agaricus plicatellus North America and the Pholiotina. The new name Pholiotina to belong to genus sulcata is introduced. In volume 6 of Flora agaricina neerlandica the Bolbitiaceae will be treated, including the revision of fresh the genera Conocybe and Pholiotina(Arnolds, in prep.). During and driedcollectionsofthe Netherlandsby the first author a numberof taxonomicand nomenclaturalproblems were encountered that were studied and discussed in close cooperation with the second author, who is preparing a monographic treatment of Conocybe and Pholiotinain Europe. critical In this paper we present descriptions of five new or species, including one new species, Conocybe merdaria,, and two species that had not been recorded before from continentalEurope. A new name is proposed for Galerellaplicatella sensu auct. Eur., viz. Pholiotinasulcata. — 1 1. Conocybe merdaria Arnolds & Hauskn., spec. nov. Fig. aurantio-brun- Pileus 15-18 mm latus, 12-16 mm altus, conico-campanulatus, hygrophanus, neus, margine translucido-striatus, in sicco pallide aurantiacus, pubescens. Lamellae subconfertae, adnexae, pallide luteae demum ochraceo-brunneae vel aurantio-brunneae. Stipes 50-75 x 1-1.5 mm, cylindraceus, haud radicans, pallide ochraceus demum incarnato-brunneus,pruinosus-striatus, Odore indistincto. x pubescens. saporeque Sporae (11.0—)12.0—15.0(—17.0) (6.5-)7.5-9.5 pm, ellipsoideae-oblongae vel ovoideae-oblongae,aurantio-brunneae,crassitunicatae, poro germinativo 14-19 6.0-10.5 prae-ditus. Basidia 16-22 x 10-11 /im, bisporigera. Cheilocystidia x /im, lecy- 3.5-4.5 nulla. cellulis clavatis, thiformia, capitulo /<m. Pleurocystidia Pileipellis hymeniformis, 18-47 12-30 26-33 x 7.5-9.5 3.5-4.5 x ftm. Pileocystidia rara, lecythiformia, /itn, capitulo pm, vel 40 x 2.0-3.0 15-20 6.0-9.0 filiformia, pm. Caulocystidia pro parte lecythiformia, x fim, capitulo 2.5-4.5 vel 10-17 x 8-14 filiformia,30-130 /mi, pro parte subglobosa lageniformia, pim, pro parte x 2.0-4.0 Fibulae nullae. Ad fimam. //m. 1) Holthe 21, NL-9411 TN Beilen,The Netherlands. 2) Sonndorferstrasse 22, A-3712 Maissau, Austria. 240 PERSOONIA - Vol. 18, Part 2, 2003 Holotypus: Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Teutoburgerwald, Brochterbeck S. of Ibbenbiiren, 5.X.2001, E. Arnolds (Arnolds 01-147) (L). Pileus 15-18 mm broad, 12—16 mm high, conico-campanulate, hygrophanous, when moist and fresh orange-brown, on drying becoming pale orange (K. & W. 5B5) at centre, ochraceous orange (5B4) towards the margin, pubescent under a hand-lens. = = ventricose, Lamellae, L 20-22,1 3, crowded, adnexed, up to 4 mm broad, rusty when with white 50-75 brown mature, flocculose edge. Stipe x 1-1.5 mm, cylindrical, slightly thickened towards base, not rooting, pale ochre yellow at first, then becoming flesh-coloured brown in lower half from base upwards, entirely pruinose-striate and pubescent. Context fragile, concolorous with surface. Smelland taste weak, not distinc- tive. Spore-print not recorded. 8.1-8.4 Spores (11.0—)12.0—15.0(—17.0) x (6.5-)7.5-9.5 //m, av. 13.7—14.1(-15.3) x = fim,Q 1.5-2.0, Q av. = 1.6-1.85, not or slightly flattened, ellipsoid-oblong to ovoid- oblong, orange-brown in ammonia, moderately thick-walled (0.5-1.0 //m) with apical germpore,2.0-2.5 pim wide. Basidia 16-22 x 10-11 m, 2-spored, in two collections few basidia than 4 Lamella sterile. very 4-spored present (less %). edge Cheilocystidia 14-19 x 6.0-10.5 /<m, lecythiform with ellipsoid to clavate basal part, short neck (1.0-3.0 x 1.0-2.0 /<m) and small capitulum, 3.0-5.0 broad, hyaline; pleurocystidia 1. merdaria. A. B. C. Fig. Conocybe Basidiocarps (x 1); spores (x 1500); basidia; D. cheilocystidia; E. caulocystidia; F. pileocystidia (all x 1000). (A-F from E. Arnolds 01-147, holotype.) Arnolds & Hausknecht: Notulae F.A.N. XLI - Conocybe and Pholiotina 241 absent. Hymenophoral trama made up ofcylindrical and inflated elements, 4.0-18 pim broad. Pileipellis an epithelioid hymeniderm, made up of spheropedunculate and cla- vate elements, 18-47x 12-30/<m, often with yellowish pedicel. Pileocystidia scarce, lecythiform like cheilocystidia but larger, 26-33 x 7.5-9.5 pm with neck 4.5-7.5 x and 3.5-4.5 broad, in addition some hairs to 1.0-2.0 pm capitulum pm cylindrical up 40 x 2.0-3.0 pm. Stipitipellis a cutis, made up of repent hyphae, 2.0-6.0 pm broad. Caulocystidia a mixtureof (1) numerous lecythiform cystidia, 15-20 x6.0-9.0 /on with neck 1.5-4.0 x 1.0-2.0 pm and capitulum 2.5-4.5 pm broad, (2) numerous globose and ellipsoid to lageniform elements, 10-17 x 8-14 pm, (3) cylindrical hairs, 30-130 with Chemical x 2.0-4.0/on, often brown content. Clamp-connections not seen. reac- tions: no needle-like crystals on fragments of lamellae in ammonia. Habitat & distribution — Saprotrophic, solitary or in small groups on old dung of horse, cattle or deer or on a mixture of dung and litter in semi-natural grasslands and forests. from Netherlands. collection made in May-Oct. Not yet recorded the Type Germany, Teutoburgerwald, close to the eastern borderofthe Netherlands.Also known from various other localities in Austria, Germany and Spain. Collections examined. AUSTRIA: Niederosterreich, Hainfield, Michelbach (MTB 7960/2), 26 May 1984, W. Klofac (WU 3363); Niederosterreich, Hohenberg, Lahnsattel (MTB 8259/1), 1 July 2001, T. Bardorf(Herbarium Hausknecht S3347)\ same loc., 22 July 2001, T. Bardorf( WU 21278). — GERMANY: Nordrhein-Westfalen,Teutoburgerwald, Brochterbeck S. of Ibbenbiiren, 5 Oct. 2001, E. Arnolds (Arnolds 01-147) (L, holotype); Bavaria, Tutzing, Hartschimmel-Gelande (MTB 8033/3), 5 Sept. 2001, P. Karasch (WU 21902). — SPAIN: Madrid,Canencia, Puerto de Canencia, 5 Oct. 1990, M. Blanco et al. (AH 28399). The Latin ofC. merdaria is based the collection.The diagnosis exclusively on type English description includes also data of other collections ofthis species, made by the second author. Conocybe merdariais close to C. pubescens (Gillet) Kiihner in its coprophytic habitat, and of and hairs, charac- macroscopical appearance stipe covering lecythiform cystidia teristic ofsection Mixtae (Watling, 1982; Arnolds, in prep.). It differs from that species mainly in the predominantly 2-spored basidia. In addition the spores are smaller than in the 4-spored C. pubescens (in collections from the Netherlands (13.0-)14.0-18.5(-20.0) x (7.0-)7.5-10.0 /im, on average (14.6-) 15.8-17.0 x 8.2-9.2 Therefore we think that C. merdariais not merely a 2-spored form of C. pubescens. In that case one would expect that the spores in 2-spored basidiocarps are larger than in 4-spored basidiocarps. Moreover, it seems that in the genus Conocybe 2-spored and 4-spored populations usu- ally belong to differentspecies, as is the case in Coprinus. Within sect. Mixtae, Conocybe ambigua Watling is another 2-spored species with spores in the same size range. However, that species differs from C. merdaria in the terrestrial habitat and collections from the Netherlands narrower spores (in (10.0-) which 10.5—15.5(—16.5) x 5.5-7.5(-8.5) //m, on average 12.5-14.0 x 6.3-7.0 pim) are moreover subamygdaliform in side-view. The related C. rubiginosa Watling has considerably longer spores and also grows on soil. 2. Conocybe magnispora (Murrill) Singer — Fig. 2 Galerula magnisporaMurrill, Mycologia 35 (1943) 530; Conocybe magnisporar (Murrill)Singer, Sydowia4 (1950) 135. 242 PERSOONIA - Vol. 18, Part 2, 2003 Fig. 2. Conocybe magnispora. A. Basidiocarps (x 1); B, F. spores (x 1500); C. basidia; D, G. cheilo- cystidia; E, H. caulocystidia (all x 1000). (A-E from E. Arnolds 01-58; F-H from W.A. Murrill, 8 March 1942, holotype.) Pileus 5-12 mm broad, 4-8 mm high, conico-campanulate to hemispherical, only slightly expanding, hygrophanous, when moistand fresh at centre greyish ochre-brown to orangey brown (K. & W. 5D5,5E6,6E7), only slightly paler towards margin, trans- lucently striate up to 3/4 of the radius, on drying pale ochraceous, pubescent at first, then glabrous. Lamellae,L= 14-17,1 = 3, fairly crowded, adnexed, slightly ventricose, ochraceous then with concolorous fimbriate 18-30 at first, rusty brown, edge. Stipe x 0.8-1.5 mm, cylindrical, at base not bulbous, not rooting, whitish at first, then pale straw-yellow to ochraceous, pubescent at least at apex. Context concolorous with sur- face. Smell and taste weak, not distinctive. Spore print not recorded. Spores 13.5-20.5 x 7.5-10.5(-l 1.0) pm, av. 14.5-17.0 x 8.3-9.6pm, Q = (1.5—)1.6— 2.0, Q av.
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