Social Structure and Conflict
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Changes and Continuity in Age Grade Practices in Nigeria: a Study of the Igbo Traditional and Modern Administrative System
Journal of Policy and Development Studies Vol. 9, No. 3, May 2015 ISSN: 157-9385 Website: www.arabianjbmr.com/JPDS_index.php CHANGES AND CONTINUITY IN AGE GRADE PRACTICES IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF THE IGBO TRADITIONAL AND MODERN ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM Dr. (Mrs.) Ndukwe, C. Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki Email: [email protected] Abstract This study “changes and continuity in age grade practices in Nigeria: A study of the Igbo traditional society and administrative practices was an attempt to find out how social dynamics in age grade system as a result of modernization has resulted in an improved societal transformation especially in Igbo land. This is because, the Igbo accord great recognition and respect to the age grade practices as a vibrant part of the mainstream of the traditional and modern political and administrative institutions. This paper therefore, took an impact assessment of the activities of the age grade in Igbo land and how far it has changed and continued till date. In doing this, the study employed both historical and descriptive analytic methods, wherein data collected through secondary sources were descriptively analyzed. Modernization theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. The study discovered that age grades in Igbo land before now, operated under unwritten constitution, that changes and continuity in the activities of age grades have resulted in positive transformation and civilization in Igbo society and that many age grades still operate primitively without access to appropriate technologies. the study recommended among others, that government should as a matter of necessity ensure that the modus operandi of all age grades or clubs, are constitutionally defined to avoid some primitive, barbaric and harmful practices. -
The Traditional Age Grades in Discourse
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 3 (2015 8) 366-376 ~ ~ ~ УДК 314.114 Transcending the Eurocentric Development Paradigms in Nigeria: The Traditional Age Grades in Discourse Ernest Osas Ugiagbe* and Ijeoma Ugiagbe University of Benin Benin-City, Nigeria Received 24.12.2014, received in revised form 10.02.2015, accepted 22.02.2015 The quest for sustainable grassroots’ development by Nigerian government calls for the need to look inwards and re-examine and evaluates our indigenous cultural practices in an attempts to attain the desired development goal. This paper evaluates the indigenous age grade systems in Nigerian societies, and how the traits of the age grades can be harnessed for the attainment of the much desired sustainable development in Nigeria. It argues that the cultural bond and unity of purpose between the members of the age grades a priori make them a veritable tool for transformation of the rural areas. This is because the age grades know their communities more than out-siders and the so-called developers, hence what needs to be done is to empower the various age grades and give them the necessary tools and technical know-how. The development of the rural areas will gradually but surely become a reality in the near future. Keywords: Grassroots development, cultural heritage, age grade, community, empowerment. Research area: sociology. Introduction 1982, UNESCO produced a generally accepted Every human society aspires for a better definition of development: wellbeing and this accounts for the constant Development is a complex, holistic and renewal of its livelihood tools and methods. -
Modeling Memes: a Memetic View of Affordance Learning
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations Spring 2011 Modeling Memes: A Memetic View of Affordance Learning Benjamin D. Nye University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Commons, Cognition and Perception Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Other Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering Commons, Social Psychology Commons, and the Statistical Models Commons Recommended Citation Nye, Benjamin D., "Modeling Memes: A Memetic View of Affordance Learning" (2011). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 336. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/336 With all thanks to my esteemed committee, Dr. Silverman, Dr. Smith, Dr. Carley, and Dr. Bordogna. Also, great thanks to the University of Pennsylvania for all the opportunities to perform research at such a revered institution. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/336 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modeling Memes: A Memetic View of Affordance Learning Abstract This research employed systems social science inquiry to build a synthesis model that would be useful for modeling meme evolution. First, a formal definition of memes was proposed that balanced both ontological adequacy and empirical observability. Based on this definition, a systems model for meme evolution was synthesized from Shannon Information Theory and elements of Bandura's Social Cognitive Learning Theory. Research in perception, social psychology, learning, and communication were incorporated to explain the cognitive and environmental processes guiding meme evolution. By extending the PMFServ cognitive architecture, socio-cognitive agents were created who could simulate social learning of Gibson affordances. -
Re:Imagining Change
WHERE IMAGINATION BUILDS POWER RE:IMAGINING CHANGE How to use story-based strategy to win campaigns, build movements, and change the world by Patrick Reinsborough & Doyle Canning 1ST EDITION Advance Praise for Re:Imagining Change “Re:Imagining Change is a one-of-a-kind essential resource for everyone who is thinking big, challenging the powers-that-be and working hard to make a better world from the ground up. is innovative book provides the tools, analysis, and inspiration to help activists everywhere be more effective, creative and strategic. is handbook is like rocket fuel for your social change imagination.” ~Antonia Juhasz, author of e Tyranny of Oil: e World’s Most Powerful Industry and What We Must Do To Stop It and e Bush Agenda: Invading the World, One Economy at a Time “We are surrounded and shaped by stories every day—sometimes for bet- ter, sometimes for worse. But what Doyle Canning and Patrick Reinsbor- ough point out is a beautiful and powerful truth: that we are all storytellers too. Armed with the right narrative tools, activists can not only open the world’s eyes to injustice, but feed the desire for a better world. Re:Imagining Change is a powerful weapon for a more democratic, creative and hopeful future.” ~Raj Patel, author of Stuffed & Starved and e Value of Nothing: How to Reshape Market Society and Redefine Democracy “Yo Organizers! Stop what you are doing for a couple hours and soak up this book! We know the importance of smart “issue framing.” But Re:Imagining Change will move our organizing further as we connect to the powerful narrative stories and memes of our culture.” ~ Chuck Collins, Institute for Policy Studies, author of e Economic Meltdown Funnies and other books on economic inequality “Politics is as much about who controls meanings as it is about who holds public office and sits in office suites. -
Transitions Over the Life Course: Lessons from Age-Set Societies Author(S): Anne Foner and David Kertzer Source: American Journal of Sociology, Vol
Transitions Over the Life Course: Lessons from Age-Set Societies Author(s): Anne Foner and David Kertzer Source: American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 83, No. 5 (Mar., 1978), pp. 1081-1104 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2778187 . Accessed: 22/08/2013 18:04 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 199.17.89.23 on Thu, 22 Aug 2013 18:04:13 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Transitions over the Life Course: Lessons from Age-Set Societies1 Anne Foner Rutgers University David Kertzer Bowdoin College This study examines processes of life-course transitions in 21 African age-set societies, a group of preliterate societies where age is a major organizing principle, and compares processes of transition there with those in the United States today. The analysis challenges some long- held views about the putative smooth course of passage through the life course in "simple"societies and troubled transitions in the United States. -
Ethnography, Cultural and Social Anthropology
UC Berkeley Anthropology Faculty Publications Title Ethnography, Cultural and Social Anthropology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t13v9kz Journal American Anthropologist, 55(4) Author Lowie, Robert H. Publication Date 1953-10-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ETHNOGRAPHY, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY By ROBERT H. LOWIE HE discussion by Professors Murdock and Firth, Professor Fortes's T contribution to the debate, Professor Radcliffe-Brown's illuminating letter in a recent issue of this journal, and a number of other statements by American and British colleagues (Murdock 1951; Firth 1951; Radcliffe-Brown 1952; Fortes 1953; Evans-Pritchard 1951) stimulate reflections on cultural and social anthropology. In the present, wholly uncontroversial article I shall first define the aims of cultural anthropology as I understand them and shall then inquire intQ the relations of that discipline with social anthropology as defined by British scholars. I Whatever differences may divide cultural from social anthropologists, they are hardly greater than those which divide self-styled cultural anthropologists. IndeedJ I should say that many of us feel incomparably closer to the English anthropologists referred to above than, say, to Goldenweiser in his later phases. A concrete example will illustrate the issue. In one of his books (Golden weiser 1922) this writer devotes a chapter to the Baganda, relying as he was bound to do on Roscoe's well-known work. He tells us that "maize is perhaps the principal staple food, but plantain trees are also cultivated on a large scale." Now the primary source (Roscoe 1911: 5, 432) states in unmistakable terms that plantains "furnish their staple food," whereas maize "was never grown in any quantity .. -
Ateker Generation- Set Systems Revisited – Field Facts and Findings, and a Systematisation
MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY WORKING PAPERS WORKING PAPER NO. 183 HARALD MÜLLER-DEMPF ATEKER GENERATION- SET SYSTEMS REVISITED – FIELD FACTS AND FINDINgs, AND A SYSTEMATIsaTION Halle / Saale 2017 ISSN 1615-4568 Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, PO Box 110351, 06017 Halle / Saale, Phone: +49 (0)345 2927- 0, Fax: +49 (0)345 2927- 402, http://www.eth.mpg.de, e-mail: [email protected] Ateker Generation-Set Systems Revisited – field facts and findings, and a systematisation1 Harald Müller-Dempf2 Abstract Generation-set systems are seldom accepted as full-fledged socio-political systems,3 and the fact that they are often subsumed under the category of age only increases the likelihood that they are misunderstood. Another aspect that is often overlooked in this context is the role of generational alternations. This paper aims to explore Ateker generation-sets and show how they are socio- political systems sui generis. They reflect and at the same time organise people’s lives, and, while they share a common origin, they developed differently in various groups according to emerging needs. The study also provides an update to the basic ethnographic data on the Karimojong, Jie, and Dodoth generation-sets. For reasons of stringency, no reference is made here to related social categories like lineage, clan, stock ownership, etc. 1 Information for this article is based on fieldwork undertaken from 1982 onwards. Research conducted since 2005 was financially supported by the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. Special thanks go to Günther Schlee and Christoph Brumann, who reviewed the draft of this paper. -
Paul Spencer Youth and Experiences of Ageing Among Maa Models of Society Evoked by the Maasai, Samburu, and Chamus of Kenya
Paul Spencer Youth and Experiences of Ageing among Maa Models of Society Evoked by the Maasai, Samburu, and Chamus of Kenya Paul Spencer Youth and Experiences of Ageing among Maa Models of Society Evoked by the Maasai, Samburu, and Chamus of Kenya Managing Editor: Kathryn Lichti-Harriman Language Editor: Steve Moog Published by De Gruyter Open Ltd, Warsaw/Berlin This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 license, which means that the text may be used for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. Copyright © 2014 Paul Spencer ISBN: 978-3-11-037232-8 e-ISBN: 978-3-11-037233-5 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Managing Editor: Kathryn Lichti-Harriman Language Editor: Steve Moog www.degruyteropen.com Cover illustration: © Paul Spencer Contents Introduction 1 Outline of Chapters 5 1 Reminiscence and the Manipulation of Experience 8 1.1 The Maasai Who Would Not Grow Old 8 1.2 The Apparition in the Bush 11 1.3 Adolescence and the Bottomless Pit 14 1.4 Conclusion: The Confusion of Historical Time and the Experience of Ageing 18 Part I: The Maasai Age System (1976-77) 2 The Natural Substructure of Age-set Systems and the Social Construction of Ageing among Maasai 22 2.1 Primate Behaviour and the Male Arena -
Reflexivity and Social Change in Applied Linguistics
introduction Reflexivity and social change in applied linguistics Miguel Pérez-Milans UCL Institute of Education, University College London Reflexivity, applied linguistics and social theory Recently, attempts have been made to revise foundational categories in Applied Linguistics (AL, hereafter). Following up on Brumfit’s (1995) definition of the field as the theoretical and empirical investigation of real-world problems in which language is a central issue, Lillis (2015) invites us to re-theorize the dominant ap- proaches to the very concepts of language and communication. A similar endeavor can also be noted in Block’s call for more explicit theoretical attention to social class as a construct in applied linguistics (2014). This interest in theoretical revis- iting echoes earlier statements by Sarangi and Candlin (2003) in their editorial in the inaugural issue of Journal of Applied Linguistics: Although applied linguistics has a commitment to its necessary collaborators, it has, also, an equal commitment and obligation to itself. As a scholarly endeavour, it cannot be sustained only by its service provisions, however legitimate. It has constantly to work to develop generalizable principles of theoretical and analytic insights which will enable it to say not only what it does, but why what it does is grounded in coherent and sustainable argument. (p. 3) This thematic issue aims to continue in the same revisional spirit by shifting the focus towards the study of reflexivity as a window to further theoretical, meth- odological and analytical exploration both of language-related phenomena, and of phenomena of a different social nature that are explored through language. In particular, reflexivity is addressed here as a fruitful arena for re-examining the interrelationships between language, communication, culture and society, though the volume proposes an alternative approach to the one predominantly found in sociological and AL-based research. -
Social Structure
Author's personal copy Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This article was originally published in the International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From Martin, J.L., Lee, M., 2015. Social Structure. In: James D. Wright (editor-in-chief), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Vol 22. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 713–718. ISBN: 9780080970868 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. unless otherwise stated. All rights reserved. Elsevier Author's personal copy Social Structure John L Martin and Monica Lee, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This article is a revision of the previous edition article by F. Chazel, volume 22, pp. 15233–15237, Ó 2001, Elsevier Ltd. Abstract Social structure is about patterns of relations. Two main families of approaches conceive these patterns differently. One, a top down one, tends to see a global organization as stemming from a common shared culture. -
Sociological Perspectives
South Dakota State University Sociological Perspectives Please note that the following perspectives and definitions should not to be considered a complete compilation of all theories/ideas or works related to the question being posed. This is merely an elementary guide to help with understanding the larger concepts found within the field of sociology. What is Sociology? Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior (Henslin 2003: GL-13). What is the field of Sociology? The field of sociology is the professional application of scientific and humanistic approaches to the understanding of society and human behavior. It is a science based profession used to understand the social and human condition. Sociologist, C. Wright Mills (1959) in his text, The Sociological Imagination, encourages readers to think about the relationship between themselves and the society in which they reside. Mills espouses that we are innately influenced by the larger society and the historical context in which we find ourselves. What is the unit of analysis in sociology? The unit of analysis in sociology can range from the individual person to a large group of persons. The unit of analysis can be one to a whole society. Different theoretical perspectives within sociology focus on different units of analysis. Sociologists use the terms Micro, Mezzo, and Macro to define what level of analysis is being utilized. What are the major theoretical orientations in the field of sociology? There is debate in the field of sociology as to what are the major theoretical orientations that guide the profession. These debates merit attention to those within the field, however, sociologists would generally state that the profession is primarily focused on three theoretical orientations. -
Where Two Worlds Meet: a Time for Reassessment in the Anthropology of Law
Michigan Law Review Volume 79 Issue 4 1981 Where Two Worlds Meet: A Time for Reassessment in the Anthropology of Law Simon Roberts London School of Economics and Political Science Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Simon Roberts, Where Two Worlds Meet: A Time for Reassessment in the Anthropology of Law, 79 MICH. L. REV. 737 (1981). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol79/iss4/14 This Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHERE TWO WORLDS MEET: A TIME FOR REASSESSMENT IN THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF LAW Simon Roberts* DISPUTES AND NEGOTIATIONS: A CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPEC TIVE. By P.H. Gulliver. New York: Academic Press. 1979. Pp. xxii, 293. $19. THE DISPUTING PROCESS - LAW IN TEN SOCIETIES. Edited by Laura Nader and Harry F. Todd Jr. New York: Columbia Univer sity Press. 1978. Pp. xx, 372. Cloth $28.10; paper $12.50. THE IMPOSITION OF LA w. Edited by Sandra B. Burman and Bar bara E. Harrell-Bond. New York: Academic Press. 1979. Pp. xiv, 324. $22. The past couple of decades have seen a notable increase in writ ings on the anthropology oflaw. What was at the end of the 1950s a rather small, select literature1 concerned mainly with stateless groups has become a teeming industry directed at problems across the whole field of social order.