ESO Astrophysics Symposia

Globular Clusters - Guides to Galaxies

Proceedings of the Joint ESO-FONDAP Workshop on Globular Clusters held in Concepción, Chile, 6-10 March 2006

Bearbeitet von Tom Richtler, Søren Larsen

1. Auflage 2008. Buch. xx, 456 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 76960 6 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 871 g

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Open Questions in the Globular Cluster – Galaxy Connection Markus Kissler-Patig ...... 1

Part I Detailed Studies of Individual Globular Clusters

Detailed Chemical Abundances of Extragalactic Globular Clusters Rebecca Bernstein, Andrew McWilliam ...... 11 Spectroscopic Abundances and Radial Velocities of the Galactic Globular Clusters 2MASS GC01 and 2MASS GC02: Preliminary Results J. Borissova, V.D. Ivanov, A. Stephens, D. Minniti ...... 17 Abundance Anomalies in Galactic Globular Clusters – Looking for the Stellar Culprits C. Charbonnel, N. Prantzos ...... 21 Globular Clusters in the Direction of the Inner Galaxy J. Alonso-Garc´ıa, M. Mateo ...... 25 Globular Cluster Research with Astronomical Archives Carol A. Christian ...... 27 Super-He-Rich Populations in Globular Clusters Chul Chung, Young-Wook Lee, Suk-Jin Yoon, Seok-Joo Joo, and Sang-Il Han ...... 29 Testing the BH 176 and Berkeley 29 Association with GASS/Monoceros Peter M. Frinchaboy ...... 31 New Yonsei-Yale (Y 2) Isochrones and Horizontal-Branch Evolutionary Tracks with Helium Enhancements S.-I. Han, Y.-C. Kim, Y.-W. Lee, S.K. Yi, D.-G. Kim, and P. Demarque 33 VIII Contents

Search for Candle Stars in Globular Clusters: Spectroscopic Analysis of Post-AGB Candidates G. Jasniewicz, M. Parthasarathy ...... 35 The Lack of Binaries Among Hot Horizontal Branch Stars: M80 and NGC5986 C. Moni Bidin, S. Moehler, G. Piotto, Y. Momany, A. Recio-Blanco, R.A. M´endez ...... 37 Semi-Empirical Determination of the Mass Distribution of Horizontal Branch Stars in M3 A. Valcarce, M. Catelan ...... 39

Part II The Most Massive Clusters

Globular Clusters, Galactic Nuclei and Supermassive Black Holes Patrick Cˆot´e ...... 43 UCDs – A Mixed Bag of Objects Michael Hilker ...... 51 Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies and Globular Clusters: A Review of Their Spatial and Dynamical Properties M.J. Drinkwater, E. Evstigneeva, P. Firth, C. Power ...... 59 The Maximum Mass of Star Clusters M. Gieles, S.S Larsen, M.R. Haas, R.A. Scheepmaker, N. Bastian .... 63 The Stellar Population of Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies Michael D. Gregg, Michael J. Drinkwater, Katya Evstigneeva, Arna Karick...... 69 News on Ultra-Compact Dwarfs and Blue Globular Clusters Steffen Mieske ...... 75 UCDs and GCs: Structural Differences from HST Imaging E.A. Evstigneeva, M.J. Drinkwater, M. Hilker,, C.Y. Peng ...... 79 Ultra-Compact Stellar Systems in the Fornax Galaxy Cluster P. Firth, M.J. Drinkwater, E.A. Evstigneeva, A. Karick, M.D. Gregg, M. Hilker, K. Bekki, J.B. Jones, S. Phillips ...... 81 Multi-Colour Imaging of Ultra-Compact Objects in the Fornax Cluster A.M. Karick, M.D. Gregg, M.J. Drinkwater, M. Hilker, P. Firth ...... 83 Contents IX

Part III Young Star Clusters

Hierarchical Formation of Galactic Clusters Bruce G. Elmegreen ...... 87 Young Massive Clusters – Formation Efficiencies and (Initial) Mass Functions Søren S. Larsen...... 95 The Radii of Thousands of Star Clusters in M51 with HST/ACS R.A. Scheepmaker, M. Gieles, M.R. Haas, N. Bastian, S.S. Larsen .... 103 Extragalactic Star Clusters in Merging Galaxies Gelys Trancho ...... 107 The Environment of Young Massive Clusters Leonardo Vanzi ...... 111 Star/Cluster Formation in Complexes: Insights from IFUs and HST Nate Bastian ...... 115 Spectral Evolution of Blue Concentrated Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud J.J. Clari´a, J.F.C. Santos Jr., A.V. Ahumada, E. Bica, A.E. Piatti, M.C. Parisi ...... 117 Young Star Clusters in the SMC Katharina Glatt, Eva K. Grebel, Andreas Koch ...... 119 Molecular Clouds and Star Formation in the Magellanic System by NANTEN A. Kawamura, T. Minamidani, Y. Mizuno, N. Mizuno, T. Onishi, A. Mizuno, Y. Fukui, NANTEN team ...... 121 Two Star Cluster Populations in NGC 45 M.D. Mora, S.S. Larsen, M. Kissler-Patig ...... 123 Characterization of Open Cluster Remnants D.B. Pavani, E. Bica ...... 125 HST Photometry of the Binary Globular Cluster Sersic 13N-S in NGC5128[1] D. Villegas, D. Minniti, J.G. Funes ...... 127 X Contents

Part IV Globular Cluster Systems in Dwarf and Irregular Galaxies

LMC Cluster Abundances and Kinematics Doug Geisler, Aaron Grocholski, Ata Sarajedini, Andrew Cole, Verne Smith ...... 133 Globular Clusters in Dwarf Galaxies Bryan W. Miller ...... 141 Globular Clusters in Dwarf and Giant Galaxies Sidney van den Bergh ...... 149 The Age-Metallicity Relation of the SMC Andrea Kayser, Eva K. Grebel, Daniel R. Harbeck, Andrew A. Cole, Andreas Koch, John S. Gallagher, Gary S. Da Costa ...... 157 Integrated Spectroscopic Analysis of Galactic and Small Magellanic Cloud Clusters A.V. Ahumada, J.J. Clari´a, E. Bica ...... 161 Variable Stars in the Globular Clusters and in the Field of the Fornax dSph Galaxy C. Greco1, G. Clementini1,E.V.Held2, E. Poretti3, M. Catelan4, L. Dell’Arciprete3,M.Gullieuszik2,M.Maio1,L.Rizzi5,H.A.Smith6, B.J. Pritzl7,A.Rest8,N.DeLee6 ...... 163 Physical Parameters of Intermediate-Age LMC Clusters from Modelling of HST CMDs L.O. Kerber, B. Barbuy, E. Brocato ...... 165 RGB Properties of the LMC/SMC Clusters in the Infrared Radostin Kurtev, Valentin Ivanov, Jura Borissova, M´arcio Catelan, and Douglas Geisler ...... 167 WLM-1: A Non-Rotating, Gravitationally Unperturbed, Highly Elliptical Extragalactic Globular Cluster Andrew W. Stephens, M´arcio Catelan, Roxana P. Contreras ...... 169

Part V Globular Cluster Systems in Spiral Galaxies

Star Clusters in M33 – Clues to Galaxy Formation and Evolution Rupali Chandar ...... 173 M31 and its Globular Clusters Kathy Perrett ...... 181 Contents XI

IR Integrated Light Colors For Galactic GCs and An Update on Young M31 Globular Clusters Judith Cohen ...... 189 Nuclear Star Clusters in Edge-on Galaxies Anil C. Seth, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Paul W. Hodge, Victor P. Debattista ...... 193 HST ACS Wide-Field Photometry of the Sombrero Galaxy Globular Cluster System Lee Spitler ...... 197 Intermediate-Age Globular Clusters in M31 Jay Strader ...... 203 Metal-Poor Globular Clusters of the Galactic Bulge B. Barbuy, M. Zoccali, S. Ortolani, Y. Momany, D. Minniti, V. Hill, A. Renzini, E. Bica, A. Alves-Brito, A. Gom´ez, L. Pasquini, R.M. Rich 207 Globular Cluster System and Milky Way Properties Revisited C. Bonatto, E. Bica, B. Barbuy, S. Ortolani...... 209 RR Lyrae-Based Calibration of the Globular Cluster Luminosity Function M. Di Criscienzo, F. Caputo, M. Marconi, and I. Musella ...... 213 Globular Cluster Systems in Spiral Galaxies Using ACS Imaging Kieran Forde ...... 215 Laser Guide Star Imaging of M31 Globulars Michael D. Gregg, Arna Karick, Bruce Macintosh ...... 217 GALEX UV Observations of M31 Globular Clusters Soo-Chang Rey, Sangmo T. Sohn, R. Michael Rich, Suk-Jin Yoon, Chul Chung, Sukyoung K. Yi, and Young-Wook Lee ...... 221 Integrated Spectroscopy of Galactic Globular Clusters Ray M. Sharples, Jaeil Cho ...... 223

Part VI Globular Cluster Systems in Early-Type Galaxies

Globular Cluster Systems: Do They Really Trace Star Formation? (Or Rather: What Mode of Star Formation Do They Trace?) Michael A. Beasley ...... 227 XII Contents

Globular Clusters in Early Type Galaxies Jean P. Brodie ...... 235 Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation Duncan A. Forbes ...... 245 Globular Cluster Systems in Giant Ellipticals: New and Old Patterns William E. Harris ...... 253 The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey Andr´es Jord´an ...... 263 Globular Clusters at the Centre of the Fornax Cluster: Tracing Interactions Between Galaxies Lilia P. Bassino, Tom Richtler, Favio R. Faifer, Juan C. Forte, Boris Dirsch, Doug Geisler, Ylva Schuberth ...... 271 Globular Cluster Bimodality Revisited (and the Globulars- Galaxy Halo Connection) Juan C. Forte, Favio Faifer, Doug Geisler ...... 275 Globular Cluster Systems, Diffuse Star Clusters, and Host Galaxies in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey Eric W. Peng ...... 279 Hot Populations in M87 Globular Clusters S.T. Sohn, R.W. O’Connell, A. Kundu, W.B. Landsman, D. Burstein, R.C.Bohlin,J.A.Frogel,J.A.Rose...... 283 A Subaru/Suprime-Cam Wide-Field Survey of Globular Cluster Populations around M87 Naoyuki Tamura, Ray M. Sharples, Nobuo Arimoto, Masato Onodera, Kouji Ohta, Yoshihiko Yamada ...... 287 Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters in NGC 1407 A.J. Cenarro, J.P. Brodie, M.A. Beasley, J. Strader ...... 293 The Globular Cluster System of NGC 5846 Revisited: Colours, Sizes and X-Ray Counterparts Ana L. Chies-Santos, Basilio X. Santiago, Miriani G. Pastoriza, Duncan A. Forbes ...... 295 Globular Cluster Systems in Shell Ellipticals Jaeil Cho, Ray M. Sharples ...... 297 Contents XIII

GMOS Photometry of Five Globular Cluster Systems: NGC 4649, NGC 3923, NGC 524, NGC 3115 and NGC 3379 F.R. Faifer, J.C. Forte, M. Beasley, T. Bridges, D. Forbes, K. Gebhardt, D. Hanes, M. Norris, M. Pierce, R. Proctor, R. Sharples, and S. Zepf ...... 299 Structural Parameters from Ground-based Observations of Globular Clusters in NGC 5128 M. G´omez, D. Geisler, W.E. Harris, T. Richtler, G.L.H. Harris, K.A. Woodley ...... 301 Globular Cluster Populations in Early-Type Galaxies M. Hempel, M. Kissler-Patig, T.H. Puzia, M. Hilker, S. Zepf, A. Kundu303 The Low-Mass X-Ray Binary Globular Cluster Connection in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey A. Jord´an, G.R. Sivakoff, C.L. Sarazin, J.P. Blakeslee, E.L. Blanton, P. Cˆot´e, L. Ferrarese, J.A. Irwin, A.M. Juett, S. Mei, E.W. Peng, M.J. West ...... 305 The Globular Cluster System of NGC 5128: Combining Broad-Band Color and Lick Index Analysis Thomas Lilly, Uta Fritze-v. Alvensleben, Richard de Grijs ...... 307 The Galaxy – Globular Cluster Connection in NGC 3115 Mark A. Norris, Ray M. Sharples, Harald Kuntschner ...... 309 Velocity Dispersions of Bright Globular Clusters in NGC 5128 Marina Rejkuba, Dante Minniti, Georges Meylan ...... 311

Part VII Evolution of Cluster Systems and their Host Galaxies

Imprint of Galaxy Formation and Evolution on Globular Cluster Properties Kenji Bekki ...... 315 Formation of Globular Clusters in Hierarchical Cosmology: ART and Science Oleg Y. Gnedin, Jos´eL.Prieto...... 323 Globular Cluster Formation in Mergers Fran¸cois Schweizer ...... 331 The Formation Histories of Metal-Rich and Metal-Poor Globular Clusters Stephen E. Zepf...... 339 XIV Contents

Globular Cluster System Evolution in Early Type Galaxies R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta ...... 347 Star Cluster Evolution: From Young Massive Star Clusters to Old Globulars Richard de Grijs ...... 353 A Wide-Field Survey of the Globular Cluster Systems of Giant Galaxies Katherine L. Rhode ...... 357 IGCs in the Virgo Cluster Marianne Takamiya, Michael West, Patrick Cˆot´e, Andr´es Jord´an, Eric Peng, Laura Ferrarese, the ACS VCS Team ...... 361 A New Explanation of Globular Cluster Color Distributions Suk-Jin Yoon, Sukyoung Ken Yi, Young-Wook Lee ...... 367 Formation of Intracluster and Intercluster Globular Clusters Kenji Bekki, Hideki Yahagi ...... 373 The Effect of Giant Molecular Clouds on Star Clusters M. Gieles, S.F. Portegies Zwart, E. Athanassoula ...... 375 Metal-rich Globular Clusters: An Unaccounted Factor Responsible for Their Formation? V.V. Kravtsov ...... 377 On the Globular Cluster Color Distributions Suk-Jin Yoon, Chul Chung ...... 381

Part VIII Dynamical Evolution of Star Clusters

Dissolution of Globular Clusters Holger Baumgardt ...... 387 Dynamical Masses of Young Star Clusters: Constraints on the Stellar IMF and Star-Formation Efficiency Nate Bastian and Simon P. Goodwin ...... 395 Dynamical Evolution of Rotating Globular Clusters with Embedded Black Holes Jos´e Fiestas, Rainer Spurzem ...... 399 The Dynamical Evolution of Young Clusters and Galactic Implications Pavel Kroupa ...... 403 Contents XV

Simulations of Globular Clusters Merging in Galactic Nuclear Regions P. Miocchi, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Di Matteo ...... 407 The Origin of the Gaussian Initial Mass Function of Globular Cluster Systems Genevi`eve Parmentier, Gerard Gilmore ...... 411 Evolution of Globular Cluster Systems E.Vesperini ...... 415 Tidal Disruption and the Tale of Three Clusters Guido De Marchi, Luigi Pulone, Francesco Paresce ...... 419 Tidal Tails Around Globular Clusters: Are they Good Tracers of Cluster Orbits? P. Di Matteo, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Miocchi, M. Montuori ...... 421 Modelling the Tidal Tails of NGC 5466 M. Fellhauer, V. Belokurov, M.I. Wilkinson, N.W. Evans, and G. Gilmore ...... 423 The Search for Tidal Tails of Globular Clusters: NGC4147 Katrin Jordi, Eva K. Grebel for the SDSS Collaboration ...... 425 Internal Rotation of Young Globular Clusters E. Vesperini, S.E. Zepf ...... 427 Mass Segregation in Young Star Clusters E. Vesperini, S.L.W. McMillan, S.F. Portegies Zwart ...... 429

Part IX Dynamics of Globular Cluster Systems

Kinematics of Globular Cluster Systems Aaron J. Romanowsky ...... 433 Dark Matter in the Elliptical Galaxies NGC 1399 and NGC 4636 Ylva Schuberth, Tom Richtler, Michael Hilker ...... 445 Ages, Abundances, and Kinematics of Globular Clusters in NGC 3379 and NGC 4649 with Gemini/GMOS T. Bridges, M. Beasley, F. Faifer, D. Forbes, J. Forte, K. Gebhardt, D. Hanes, M. Norris, M. Pierce, R. Proctor, R. Sharples, and S. Zepf . 449 The Dark Halo of NGC 1399 and MOND Tom Richtler, Ylva Schuberth, A. Romanowsky ...... 453 XVI Contents

Dynamics of the Globular Cluster System of NGC 5128 Kristin A. Woodley ...... 455