Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 172.515

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Sandalwood, white (yellow, or East Indian) ... Santalum album L. Sandarac ...... Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.), Mast ...... In alcoholic beverages only Sarsaparilla ...... Smilax aristolochiaefolia Mill., (Mexican sarsaparilla), S. regelii Killip et Morton (Honduras sarsaparilla), S. febrifuga Kunth (Ecuadorean sarsaparilla), or undetermined Smilax spp. (Ecuadorean or Central American sarsaparilla). Sassafras leaves ...... Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees ...... Safrole free Senna, Alexandria ...... Cassia acutifolia Delile. Serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot) ...... Aristolochia serpentaria L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Simaruba bark ...... Simaruba amara Aubl ...... Do. Snakeroot, Canadian (wild ginger) ...... Asarum canadense L. Spruce needles and twigs ...... Picea glauca (Moench) Voss or P. mariana (Mill.) BSP. Storax (styrax) ...... Liquidambar orientalis Mill. or L. styraciflua L. Tagetes (marigold) ...... Tagetes patula L., T. erecta L., or T. minuta L. (T. As oil only glandulifera Schrank). Tansy ...... Tanacetum vulgare L ...... In alcoholic beverages only; finished alcoholic beverage thujone free 1 Thistle, blessed (holy thistle) ...... Onicus benedictus L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Thymus capitatus (Spanish ‘‘origanum’’) ...... Thymus capitatus Hoffmg. et Link. Tolu ...... Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms. Turpentine ...... Pinus palustris Mill. and other Pinus spp. which yield terpene oils exclusively. Valerian rhizome and roots ...... Valeriana officinalis L. Veronica ...... Veronica officinalis L ...... Do. Vervain, European ...... Verbena officinalis L ...... Do. Vetiver ...... Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf ...... Do. Violet, Swiss ...... Viola calcarata L. Walnut husks (hulls), leaves, and green nuts Juglans nigra L. or J. regia L. Woodruff, sweet ...... Asperula odorata L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Yarrow ...... Achillea millefolium L ...... In beverages only; fin- ished beverage thujone free 1 Yerba santa ...... Eriodictyon californicum (Hook, et Arn.) Torr. Yucca, Joshua-tree ...... Yucca brevifolia Engelm. Yucca, Mohave ...... Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies (Y. mohavensis Sarg.). 1 As determined by using the method (or, in other than alcoholic beverages, a suitable adaptation thereof) in section 9.129 of the ‘‘Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,’’ 13th Ed. (1980), which is incorporated by ref- erence. Copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federallregister/codeloflfederallregulations/ ibrllocations.html.

[42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 14644, Apr. 7, 1978; 49 FR 10104, Mar. 19, 1984; 54 FR 24897, June 12, 1989; 69 FR 24511, May 4, 2004; 72 FR 10357, Mar. 8, 2007]

§ 172.515 Synthetic flavoring sub- vants generally recognized as safe in stances and adjuvants. food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or Synthetic flavoring substances and regulated by an appropriate section in adjuvants may be safely used in food in this part. accordance with the following condi- ; acetaldehyde diethyl acetal. tions. Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl acetal. (a) They are used in the minimum Acetanisole; 4′-methoxyacetophenone. quantity required to produce their in- Acetophenone; methyl phenyl . tended effect, and otherwise in accord- Allyl anthranilate. Allyl butyrate. ance with all the principles of good Allyl cinnamate. manufacturing practice. Allyl cyclohexaneacetate. (b) They consist of one or more of the Allyl cyclohexanebutyrate. following, used alone or in combination Allyl cyclohexanehexanoate. with flavoring substances and adju- Allyl cyclohexaneproprionate.

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Allyl cyclohexanevalerate. Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal; acetaldehyde Allyl disulfide. benzyl b-methoxyethyl acetal. Allyl 2-ethylbutyrate. Benzyl phenylacetate. Allyl hexanoate; allyl caproate. Benzyl propionate. Allyl a-ionone; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclo-hex- Benzyl salicylate. ene-1-yl)-1,6-heptadiene-3-one. Birch tar oil. Allyl isothiocyanate; mustard oil. Borneol; d-camphanol. Allyl isovalerate. Bornyl acetate. Allyl mercaptan; 2-propene-1-thiol. Bornyl formate. Allyl nonanoate. Bornyl isovalerate. Allyl octanoate. Bornyl valerate. Allyl phenoxyacetate. b-Bourbonene; 1,2,3,3a,3bb,4,5,6,6ab,6ba-deca- Allyl phenylacetate. hydro-la-isopropyl-3aa-methyl-6-meth- Allyl propionate. ylene-cyclobuta [1,2:3,4] dicyclopentene. Allyl sorbate; allyl 2,4-hexadienoate. 2-. Allyl sulfide. 2-Butanone; methyl ethyl ketone. Allyl tiglate; allyl trans-2-methyl-2- Butter acids. butenoate. Butter . Allyl 10-undecenoate. . Ammonium isovalerate. Butyl acetoacetate. Ammonium sulfide. Butyl ; 1-butanol. Butyl anthranilate. ; pentyl alcohol. . Amyl butyrate. Butyl butyryllactate; lactic acid, butyl -Amylcinnamaldehyde. a , butyrate. a-Amylcinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal. a-Butylcinnamaldehyde. -Amylcinnamyl acetate. a Butyl cinnamate. a-Amylcinnamyl alcohol. Butyl 2-decenoate. a-Amylcinnamyl formate. Butyl ethyl malonate. a-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate. Butyl formate. Amyl formate. Butyl heptanoate. Amyl heptanoate. Butyl hexanoate. Amyl hexanoate. Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Amyl octanoate. Butyl isobutyrate. Anisole; methoxybenzene. Butyl isovalerate. Anisyl acetate. Butyl lactate. ; p-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Butyl laurate. Anisyl butyrate Butyl levulinate. Anisyl formate. Butyl phenylacetate. Anisyl phenylacetate. Butyl propionate. Anisyl propionate. Butyl stearate. Beechwood creosote. Butyl sulfide. dimethyl acetal. Butyl 10-undecenoate. Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal; 2-phenyl-m-di- Butyl valerate. oxan-5-ol. Butyraldehyde. Benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal; 4- Cadinene. methyl-2-phenyl-m-. Camphene; 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene- Benzenethiol; thiophenol. norbornane. Benzoin; 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone. d-Camphor. Benzophenone; diphenylketone. Carvacrol; 2-p-cymenol. Benzyl acetate. Carvacryl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-p-cymene. Benzyl acetoacetate. Carveol; p-mentha-6,8-dien-2-ol. . 4-Carvomenthenol; 1-p-menthen-4-ol; 4- Benzyl benzoate. terpinenol. Benzyl butyl ether. cis Carvone oxide; 1,6-epoxy-p-menth-8-en-2- Benzyl butyrate. one. Benzyl cinnamate. Carvyl acetate. Benzyl 2,3–dimethylcrotonate; benzyl methyl Carvyl propionate. tiglate. b-Caryophyllene. Benzyl disulfide; dibenzyl disulfide. Caryophyllene alcohol. Benzyl ethyl ether. Caryophyllene alcohol acetate. Benzyl formate. b-Caryophyllene oxide; 4-12,12-trimethyl-9- 3-Benzyl-4-heptanone; benzyl dipropyl ke- methylene-5-oxatricylo [8.2.0.0 46] dode- tone. cane. Benzyl isobutyrate. Cedarwood oil . Benzyl isovalerate. Cedarwood oil terpenes. Benzyl mercaptan; a-toluenethiol. 1,4-Cineole. 64

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Cinnamaldehyde acetal. p-Dimethoxybenzene; dimethyl hydro- Cinnamic acid. quinone. Cinnamyl acetate. 2,4-Dimethylacetophenone. ; 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol. a,a-Dimethylbenzyl isobutyrate; phenyldi- Cinnamyl benzoate. methylcarbinyl isobutyrate. Cinnamyl butyrate. 2,6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal. Cinnamyl cinnamate. 2,6-Dimethyl octanal; isodecylaldehyde. Cinnamyl formate. 3,7-Dimethyl-1-; tetrahydrogeraniol. Cinnamyl isobutyrate. a,a-Dimethylphenethyl acetate; benzyl- Cinnamyl isovalerate. ; benzyldimethylcarbinyl ac- Cinnamyl phenylacetate. etate. Cinnamyl propionate. a,a-Dimethylphenethyl alcohol; dimethyl- Citral diethyl acetal; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octa- benzyl carbinol. dienal diethyl acetal. a,a-Dimethylphenethyl butyrate; benzyl- Citral dimethyl acetal; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octa- dimethylcarbinyl butyrate. dienal dimethyl acetal. a,a-Dimethylphenethyl formate; benzyldi- Citral propylene glycol acetal. methylcarbinyl formate. Citronellal; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal; rhodinal. Dimethyl succinate. Citronellol; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; d-cit- 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone; dibenzyl ketone. ronellol. delta-Dodecalactone; 5-hydroxydodecanoic Citronelloxyacetaldehyde. acid, deltalactone. Citronellyl acetate. g-Dodecalactone; 4-hydroxydodecanoic acid g- Citronellyl butyrate. lactone. Citronellyl formate. 2-Dodecenal. Citronellyl isobutyrate. Estragole. Citronellyl phenylacetate. r-Ethoxybenzaldehyde. Citronellyl propionate. Ethyl acetoacetate. Citronellyl valerate. Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-phenylpropionate; ethyl- p-Cresol. benzyl acetoacetate. Cuminaldehyde; cuminal; p-isopropyl benz- Ethyl aconitate, mixed esters. . Ethyl acrylate. Cyclohexaneacetic acid. Ethyl r-anisate. Cyclohexaneethyl acetate. Ethyl anthranilate. Cyclohexyl acetate. Ethyl benzoate. Cyclohexyl anthranilate. Ethyl benzoylacetate. Cyclohexyl butyrate. a-Ethylbenzyl butyrate; a-phenylpropyl bu- Cyclohexyl cinnamate. tyrate. Cyclohexyl formate. Ethyl brassylate; tridecanedioic acid cyclic Cyclohexyl isovalerate. ethylene glycol diester; cyclo 1,13-ethyl- Cyclohexyl propionate. enedioxytridecan-1,13-dione. p-Cymene. 2-Ethylbutyl acetate. g-Decalactone; 4-hydroxy-decanoic acid, g- 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde. lactone. 2-Ethylbutyric acid. g-Decalactone; 5-hydroxy-decanoic acid, d- Ethyl cinnamate. lactone. Ethyl crotonate; trans-2-butenoic acid ethyl- Decanal dimethyl acetal. ester. 1-Decanol; decylic alcohol. Ethyl cyclohexanepropionate. 2-Decenal. . 3-Decen-2-one; heptylidene acetone. 2-Ethylfuran. Decyl actate. Ethyl 2-furanpropionate. Decyl butyrate. 4-Ethylguaiacol; 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol. Decyl propionate. . Dibenzyl ether. 2-Ethyl-2-heptenal; 2-ethyl-3-butylacrolein. 4,4-Dibutyl-g-butyrolactone; 4,4-dibutyl-4-hy- . droxy-butyric acid, g-lactone. Ethyl isobutyrate. Dibutyl sebacate. Ethyl isovalerate. Diethyl malate. Ethyl lactate. Diethyl malonate; ethyl malonate. Ethyl laurate. Diethyl sebacate. Ethyl levulinate. Diethyl succinate. Ethyl maltol; 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4- Diethyl tartrate. one. 2,5-Diethyltetrahydrofuran. Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. Dihydrocarveol; 8-p-menthen-2-ol; 6-methyl- Ethyl myristate. 3-isopropenylcyclohexanol. Ethyl nitrite. Dihydrocarvone. Ethyl nonanoate. Dihydrocarvyl acetate. Ethyl 2-nonynoate; ethyl octyne carbonate. m-Dimethoxybenzene. .

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Ethyl oleate. Heptyl isobutyrate. Ethyl phenylacetate. Heptyl octanoate. Ethyl 4-phenylbutyrate. 1-Hexadecanol; . Ethyl 3-phenylglycidate. w-6-Hexadecenlactone; 16-hydroxy-6- Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate; ethyl hydro- hexadecenoic acid, w-lactone; cinnamate. ambrettolide. . g-Hexalactone; 4-hydroxyhexanoic acid, g-lac- Ethyl pyruvate. tone; tonkalide. Ethyl salicylate. Hexanal; caproic aldehyde. Ethyl sorbate; ethyl 2,4-hexadienoate. 2,3-Hexanedione; acetyl butyryl. Ethyl tiglate; ethyl trans-2-methyl-2- Hexanoic acid; caproic acid. butenoate. 2-Hexenal. Ethyl undecanoate. 2-Hexen-1-ol. Ethyl 10-undecenoate. 3-Hexen-1-ol; leaf alcohol. Ethyl valerate. 2-Hexen-1-yl acetate. Eucalyptol; 1,8-epoxy-p-menthane; cineole. 3-Hexenyl isovalerate. Eugenyl acetate. 3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate. Eugenyl benzoate. 3-Hexenyl phenylacetate; cis-3-hexenyl phen- Eugenyl formate. ylacetate. Eugenyl methyl ether; 4-allylveratrole; Hexyl acetate. methyl eugenol. 2-Hexyl-4-acetoxytetrahydrofuran. Farnesol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien- Hexyl alcohol. 1-ol. Hexyl butyrate. d-Fenchone; d-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-nor- a-Hexylcinnamaldehyde. bornanone. Hexyl formate. Fenchyl alcohol; 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-nor- Hexyl hexanoate. bornanol. 2-Hexylidene cyclopentanone. Formic acid (2-Furyl)-2-propanone; furyl acetone. Hexyl isovalerate. 1-Furyl-2-propanone; furyl acetone. Hexyl 2-methylbutyrate. Fusel oil, refined (mixed amyl alcohols). Hexyl octanoate. Geranyl acetoacetate; trans-3,7-dimethyl-2, 6- Hexyl phenylacetate; n-hexyl phenylacetate. octadien-1-yl acetoacetate. Hexyl propionate. Geranyl acetone; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9- Hydroxycitronellal; 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy- undecadien-2-one. octanal. Geranyl benzoate. Hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal. Geranyl butyrate. Hydroxycitronellal dimethyl acetal. Geranyl formate. Hydroxycitronellol; 3,7-dimethyl-1,7- Geranyl hexanoate octanediol. Geranyl isobutyrate. N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-nonanamide; Geranyl isovalerate. pelargonyl vanillylamide. Geranyl phenylacetate. 5-Hydroxy-4-octanone; butyroin. Geranyl propionate. 4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone; p-hydroxy- Glucose pentaacetate. benzyl acetone. Guaiacol; μ-methoxyphenol. Indole. Guaiacyl acetate; μ-methoxyphenyl acetate. a-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1- Guaiacyl phenylacetate. yl)-3-buten-2-one. Guaiene; 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropenyl-D9,10- b-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1- octahydroazulene. yl)-3-buten-2-one. Guaiol acetate; 1,4-dimethyl-7-(a-hydroxy- a-Irone; 4-(2,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexene- isopropyl)-d9,10-octahydroazulene acetate. 1-yl)-3-buten-2-one; 6-methylionone. g-Heptalactone; 4-hydroxyheptanoic acid, g- . lactone. Isoamyl acetoacetate. Heptanal; enanthaldehyde. ; isopentyl alcohol; 3-methyl- Heptanal dimethyl acetal. 1-butanol. Heptanal 1,2-glyceryl acetal. Isoamyl benzoate. 2,3-Heptanedione; acetyl valeryl. Isoamyl butyrate. 3-Heptanol. Isoamyl cinnamate. 2-Heptanone; methyl amyl ketone. Isoamyl formate. 3-Heptanone; ethyl butyl ketone. Isoamyl 2-furanbutyrate; a-isoamyl furfuryl- 4-Heptanone; dipropyl ketone. propionate. cis-4-Heptenal; cis-4-hepten-1-al. Isoamyl 2-furanpropionate; a-isoamyl fur- Heptyl acetate. furylacetate. Heptyl alcohol; enanthic alcohol. Isoamyl hexanoate. Heptyl butyrate. Isoamyl isobutyrate. Heptyl cinnamate. Isoamyl isovalerate. Heptyl formate. Isoamyl laurate.

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Isoamyl-2-methylbutyrate; isopentyl-2- Isopropyl propionate. methylbutyrate. Isopulegol; p-menth-8-en-3-ol. Isoamyl nonanoate. Isopulegone; p-menth-8-en-3-one. Isoamyl octanoate. Isopulegyl acetate. Isoamyl phenylacetate. Isoquinoline. Isoamyl propionate. Isovaleric acid. Isoamyl pyruvate. cis-Jasmone; 3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclo- Isoamyl salicylate. penten-1-one. Isoborneol. Lauric aldehyde; dodecanal. Isobornyl acetate. Lauryl acetate. Isobornyl formate. Lauryl alcohol; 1-. Isobornyl isovalerate. Lepidine; 4-methylquinoline. Isobornyl propionate. Levulinic acid. . Linalool oxide; cis- and trans-2-vinyl-2-meth- Isobutyl acetoacetate. yl-5-(1′-hydroxy-1′-methylethyl) tetra- Isobutyl alcohol. hydrofuran. Isobutyl angelate; isobutyl cis-2-methyl-2- Linalyl anthranilate; 3,7-dimethyl-1,6- butenoate. octadien-3-yl anthranilate. Isobutyl anthranilate. Linalyl benzoate. Isobutyl benzoate. Linalyl butyrate. Isobutyl butyrate. Linalyl cinnamate. Isobutyl cinnamate. Linalyl formate. Isobutyl formate. Linalyl hexanoate. Isobutyl 2-furanpropionate. Linalyl isobutyrate. Isobutyl heptanoate. Linalyl isovalerate. Isobutyl hexanoate. Linalyl octanoate. Isobutyl isobutyrate. Linalyl propionate. a-Isobutylphenethyl alcohol; isobutyl benzyl Maltol; 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one. carbinol; 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanol. Menthadienol; p-mentha-1,8(10)-dien-9-ol. Isobutyl phenylacetate. p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol; . Isobutyl propionate. Menthadienyl acetate; p-mentha-1,8(10)-dien- Isobutyl salicylate. 9-yl acetate. 2-Isobutylthiazole. p-Menth-3-en-1-ol. Isobutyraldehyde. 1-p-Menthen-–9-yl acetate; p-menth-1-en-9-yl . acetate. Isoeugenol; 2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol. Menthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol. Isoeugenyl acetate. Menthone; p-menthan-3-one. Isoeugenyl benzyl ether; benzyl isoeugenol. Menthyl acetate; p-menth-3-yl acetate. Isoeugenyl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-5-propenyl- Menthyl isovalerate; p-menth-3-yl iso- anisole; ethyl isoeugenol. valerate. Isoeugenyl formate. o-Methoxybenzaldehyde. Isoeugenyl methyl ether; 4-propenyl- p-Methoxybenzaldehyde; p-anisaldehyde. veratrole; methyl isoeugenol. o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde. Isoeugenyl phenylacetate. 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol; 4-methyl- Isojasmone; mixture of 2-hexylidenecyclo- guaiacol; 2-methoxy-p-cresol. pentanone and 2-hexyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one. 4-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone; anisyl ace- a-Isomethylionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2- tone. cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one; 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1-penten-3- methyl g-ionone. one; methoxystyryl isopropyl ketone. . 1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-1-penten-3-one; a- r-Isopropylacetophenone. methylanisylidene acetone; ethone. ; isopropanol. 1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone; Isopropyl benzoate. anisylmethyl ketone; anisic ketone. r-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol; cuminic alcohol; 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol; p-vinylguaiacol. r-cymen-7-ol. . Isopropyl butyrate. 4′-Methylacetophenone; p-methylaceto- Isopropyl cinnamate. phenone; methyl p-tolyl ketone. Isopropyl formate. 2-Methylallyl butyrate; 2-methyl-2-propenl- Isopropyl hexanoate. yl butyrate. Isopropyl isobutyrate. Methyl anisate. Isopropyl isovalerate. o-Methylanisole; o-cresyl methyl ether. r-Isopropylphenylacetaldehyde; r-cymen-7- p-Methylanisole; p-cresyl methyl ether; p- carboxaldehyde. methoxytoluene. Isopropyl phenylacetate. Methyl benzoate. 3-(r-Isopropylphenyl)-propionaldehyde; r-iso- Methylbenzyl acetate, mixed o-,m-,p-. propylhydrocinnamaldehyde; cuminyl ac- a-Methylbenzyl acetate; styralyl acetate. etaldehyde. a-Methylbenzyl alcohol; styralyl alcohol. 67

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a-Methylbenzyl butyrate; styralyl butyrate. b-Methylphenethyl alcohol; hydratropyl al- a-Methylbenzyl isobutyrate; styralyl iso- cohol. butyrate. Methyl phenylacetate. a-Methylbenzyl formate; styralyl formate. 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one. a-Methylbenzyl propionate; styralyl propio- 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl acetate; dimethyl- nate. phenylethyl carbinyl acetate. 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol. 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl isobutyrate; 2-Methylbutyl isovalerate. dimethylphenyl ethylcarbinyl isobutyrate. Methyl p-tert-butylphenylacetate. 3-Methyl-2-phenylbutyraldehyde; a-isopropyl 2-Methylbutyraldehyde; methyl ethyl acetal- . dehyde. Methyl 4-phenylbutyrate. 3-Methylbutyraldehyde; isovaleraldehyde. 4-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanone; benzyl iso- . butyl ketone. 2-Methylbutyric acid. Methyl 3-phenylpropionate; methyl hydro- a-Methylcinnamaldehyde. cinnamate. p-Methylcinnamaldehyde. . Methyl cinnamate. 3-Methyl-5-propyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. 2-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. Methyl sulfide. Methylcyclopentenolone; 3-methylcyclopen- 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde; methional. tane-1,2-dione. 2-Methyl-3-tolylpropionaldehyde, mixed o-, Methyl disulfide; dimethyl disulfide. m-, p-. Methyl ester of rosin, partially hydrogenated 2-Methylundecanal; methyl nonyl acetal- (as defined in § 172.615); methyl dehyde. dihydroabietate. Methyl 9-undecenoate. Methyl heptanoate. Methyl 2-undecynoate; methyl decyne car- bonate. 2-Methylheptanoic acid. Methyl valerate. 6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one. 2-Methylvaleric acid. Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol. Myrcene; 7-methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octa- 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one. diene. Methyl hexanoate. Myristaldehyde; tetradecanal. Methyl 2-hexanoate. d-Neomenthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclo- Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; methylparaben. hexanol. Methyl a-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclo- Nerol; cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol. hexen-1-yl)-4-penten-3-one. Nerolidol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien- Methyl b-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclo- 3-ol. hexen-1-yl)-4-penten-3-one. Neryl acetate. Methyl D-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclo- Neryl butyrate. hexen-1-yl-)-4-penten-3-one. Neryl formate. Methyl isobutyrate. Neryl isobutyrate. 2-Methyl-3-(p-isopropylphenyl)-propionalde- Neryl isovalerate. hyde; a-methyl-p-isopropylhydro- Neryl propionate. cinnamal- dehyde; cyclamen aldehyde. 2,6-Nonadien-1-ol. Methyl isovalerate. g-Nonalactone; 4-hydroxynonanoic acid, g- Methyl laurate. lactone; aldehyde C–18. Methyl mercaptan; methanethiol. Nonanal; pelargonic aldehyde. Methyl o-methoxybenzoate. 1,3-Nonanediol acetate, mixed esters. Methyl N-methylanthranilate; dimethyl an- Nonanoic acid; pelargonic acid. thranilate. 2-Nonanone; methylheptyl ketone. Methyl 2-methylbutyrate. 3-Nonanon-1-yl acetate; 1-hydroxy-3- Methyl-3-methylthiopropionate. nonanone acetate. Methyl 4-methylvalerate. Nonyl acetate. Methyl myristate. Nonyl alcohol; 1-nonanol. Methyl b-naphthyl ketone; 2′-acetonaph- Nonyl octanoate. thone. Nonyl isovalerate. Methyl nonanoate. Nootkatone; 5,6-dimethyl-8-isopropenyl- Methyl 2-nonenoate. bicyclo[4,4,0]-dec-1-en-3-one. Methyl 2-nonynoate; methyloctyne car- Ocimene; trans-b-ocimene; 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6- bonate. octatriene. 2-Methyloctanal; methyl hexyl acetaldehyde. g-Octalactone; 4-hydroxyoctanoic acid, g-lac- Methyl octanoate. tone. Methyl 2-octynoate; methyl heptine car- Octanal; caprylaldehyde. bonate. Octanal dimethyl acetal. 4-Methyl-2,3-pentanedione; acetyl iso- 1-Octanol; octyl alcohol. butyryl. 2-Octanol. 4-Methyl-2-pentanone; methyl isobutyl ke- 3-Octanol. tone. 2-Octanone; methyl hexyl ketone.

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3-Octanone; ethyl amyl ketone. 3-Phenylpropionic acid; hydrocinnamic acid. 3-Octanon-1-ol. 3-Phenylpropyl acetate. 1-Octen-3-ol; amyl vinyl carbinol. 2-Phenylpropyl butyrate. 1-Octen-3-yl acetate. 3-Phenylpropyl cinnamate. Octyl acetate. 3-Phenylpropyl formate. 3-Octyl acetate. 3-Phenylpropyl hexanoate. Octyl butyrate. 2-Phenylpropyl isobutyrate. Octyl formate. 3-Phenylpropyl isobutyrate. Octyl heptanoate. 3-Phenylpropyl isovalerate. Octyl isobutyrate. 3-Phenylpropyl propionate. Octyl isovalerate. 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)-. Octyl octanoate. a-Pinene; 2-pinene. Octyl phenylacetate. b-Pinene; 2(10)-pinene. Octyl propionate. Pine tar oil. w-Pentadecalactone; 15-hydroxypentadeca- Pinocarveol; 2(10)-pinen-3-ol. noic acid, w-lactone; pentadecanolide; an- Piperidine. gelica lactone. Piperine. 2,3-Pentanedione; acetyl propionyl. d-Piperitone; p-menth-1-en-3-one. 2-Pentanone; methyl propyl ketone. Piperitenone; p-mentha-1,4(8)-dien-3-one. 4-Pentenoic acid. Piperitenone oxide; 1,2-epoxy-p-menth-4-(8)- 1-Penten-3-ol. en-3-one. Perillaldehyde; 4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene- Piperonyl acetate; heliotropyl acetate. 1-carboxaldehyde;p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-al. Piperonyl isobutyrate. Perillyl acetate; p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-yl ace- Polylimonene. tate. Polysorbate 20; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan a-Phellandrene; r-mentha-1,5-diene. monolaurate. Phenethyl acetate. Polysorbate 60; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan Phenethyl alcohol; b-phenylethyl alcohol. monostereate. Phenethyl anthranilate. Polysorbate 80; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan Phenethyl benzoate. monooleate. Phenethyl butyrate. Potassium acetate. Phenethyl cinnamate. Propenylguaethol; 6-ethoxy-m-anol. Phenethyl formate. Propionaldehyde. Phenethyl isobutyrate. Propyl acetate. Phenethyl isovalerate. Propyl alcohol; 1-propanol. Phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate. p-Propyl anisole; dihydroanethole. Phenethyl phenylacetate. Propyl benzoate. Phenethyl propionate. Propyl butyrate. Phenethyl salicylate. Propyl cinnamate. Phenethyl senecioate; phenethyl 3,3-di- Propyl disulfide. methylacrylate. Propyl formate. Phenethyl tiglate. Propyl 2-furanacrylate. Phenoxyacetic acid. Propyl heptanoate. 2-Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate. Propyl hexanoate. Phenylacetaldehyde; a-toluic aldehyde. Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; propylparaben. Phenylacetaldehyde 2,3-butylene glycol ace- 3-Propylidenephthalide. tal. Propyl isobutyrate. Phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal. Propyl isovalerate. Phenylacetaldehyde glyceryl acetal. Propyl mercaptan. ; a-toluic acid. a-Propylphenethyl alcohol. 4-Phenyl-2-butanol; phenylethyl methyl car- Propyl phenylacetate. binol. Propyl propionate. 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-ol; methyl styryl car- Pulegone; p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one. binol. Pyridine. 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one. Pyroligneous acid extract. 4-Phenyl-2-butyl acetate; phenylethyl meth- Pyruvaldehyde. yl carbinyl acetate. Pyruvic acid. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol; phenylethyl Rhodinol; 3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol; l- methyl ethyl carbinol. citronellol. 1-Phenyl-1-propanol; phenylethyl carbinol. Rhodinyl acetate. 3-Phenyl-1-propanol; hydrocinnamyl alcohol. Rhodinyl butyrate. 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde; hydratropalde- Rhodinyl formate. hyde. Rhodinyl isobutyrate. 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde; hydrocinnamal- Rhodinyl isovalerate. dehyde. Rhodinyl phenylacetate. 2-Phenylpropionalde-hyde dimethyl acetal; Rhodinyl propionate. hydratropic aldehyde dimethyl acetal. Rum ether; ethyl oxyhydrate.

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Salicylaldehyde. in combination in oleomargarine are Santalol, a and b. used at levels not to exceed 10 parts per Santalyl acetate. million and 20 parts per million, re- Santalyl phenylacetate. Skatole. spectively, in accordance with § 166.110 Sorbitan monostearate. of this chapter. Styrene. (d) BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) Sucrose octaacetate. may be used as an antioxidant in fla- a-Terpinene. voring substances whereby the additive g-Terpinene. does not exceed 0.5 percent of the es- a-; p-menth-1-en-8-ol. sential (volatile) oil content of the fla- b-Terpineol. Terpinolene; p-menth-1,4(8)-diene. voring substance. Terpinyl acetate. [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 42 Terpinyl anthranilate. FR 23148, May 6, 1977; 43 FR 19843, May 9, Terpinyl butyrate. 1978; 45 FR 22915, Apr. 4, 1980; 47 FR 27810, Terpinyl cinnamate. June 25, 1982; 48 FR 10812, Mar. 15, 1983; 48 FR Terpinyl formate. 51907, Nov. 15, 1983; 49 FR 5747, Feb. 15, 1984; Terpinyl isobutyrate. 50 FR 42932, Oct. 23, 1985; 54 FR 7402, Feb. 21, Terpinyl isovalerate. 1989; 61 FR 14245, Apr. 1, 1996; 69 FR 24511, Terpinyl propionate. May 4, 2004] Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. Tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate. § 172.520 Cocoa with dioctyl sodium Tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate. sulfosuccinate for manufacturing. Tetrahydro-pseudo-ionone; 6,10-dimethyl-9- The food additive ‘‘cocoa with dioctyl undecen-2-one. sodium sulfosuccinate for manufac- Tetrahydrolinalool; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol. turing,’’ conforming to § 163.117 of this Tetramethyl ethylcyclohexenone; mixture of 5-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1- chapter and § 172.810, is used or in- one and 5-ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-2-cyclo- tended for use as a flavoring substance hexen-1-one. in dry beverage mixes whereby the 2-Thienyl mercaptan; 2-thienylthiol. amount of dioctyl sodium sulfo- Thymol. succinate does not exceed 75 parts per Tolualdehyde glyceryl acetal, mixed o, m, p. million of the finished beverage. The Tolualdehydes, mixed o, m, p. labeling of the dry beverage mix shall p-Tolylacetaldehyde. o-Tolyl acetate; o-cresyl acetate. bear adequate directions to assure use p-Tolyl acetate; p-cresyl acetate. in compliance with this section. 4-(p-Tolyl)-2-butanone; p-methylbenzylace- tone. § 172.530 Disodium guanylate. p-Tolyl isobutyrate. Disodium guanylate may be safely p-Tolyl laurate. used as a flavor enhancer in foods, at a p-Tolyl phenylacetate. 2-(p-Tolyl)-propionaldehyde; p-methylhydra- level not in excess of that reasonably tropic aldehyde. required to produce the intended effect. Tributyl acetylcitrate. 2-Tridecenal. § 172.535 Disodium inosinate. 2,3-Undecadione; acetyl nonyryl. The food additive disodium inosinate g-Undecalactone; 4-hydroxyundecanoic acid may be safely used in food in accord- g-lactone; peach aldehyde; aldehyde C–14. Undecenal. ance with the following prescribed con- 2-Undecanone; methyl nonyl ketone. ditions: 9-Undecenal; undecenoic aldehyde. (a) The food additive is the disodium 10-Undecenal. salt of inosinic acid, manufactured and Undecen-1-ol; undecylenic alcohol. purified so as to contain no more than 10-Undecen-1-yl acetate. 150 parts per million of soluble barium Undecyl alcohol. in the compound disodium inosinate Valeraldehyde; pentanal. Valeric acid; pentanoic acid. with seven and one-half molecules of Vanillin acetate; acetyl vanillin. water of crystallization. Veratraldehyde. (b) The food additive is used as a fla- Verbenol; 2-pinen-4-ol. voring adjuvant in food. Zingerone; 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2- butanone. § 172.540 DL-Alanine. (c) D-Decalactone and D- DL-Alanine (a racemic mixture of D- dodecalactone when used separately or and L-alanine; CAS Reg. No. 302–72–7)

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