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OCTOBER. 1968 ,.. VOL. 4, NO.9 ~IET HAM 81 2(W CltlCA80 • HUEY

./ HUEY VERDICT: RACIST· COMPROMISE The names of the characters in the were somewhat confused by the verdict. part of its way, though not all of it ... The kidnapping case was thrown out life-death drama have changed but the It seems a contradiction in terms -­ but far more than they had a right to by the judge, at Defense Attorney Charles play remained the same old shit, with a finding of guilty and not guilty at the expect given the truth of the case and Garry'S insistence when a .prosecution a modern twist. The verdict is in, but same time during the same incident. the somewhat clumsy frameup. Their U star witness", the supposed victim, Dell the trial has just begun. As will be seen later, the prosecution goal had been the elimination of Huey Ross refused to testify against Huey. For the trial is not only that of Huey was weak to say the least; weak beyond Newton. They would have preferred to It was clear to most movement people Newton but symbolically of racism in a reasonable doubt. It seems likely that have one of their most creative and who heard his testill'lony that he did Arne::-ica -- actually another test of the some members of the jury, believing effective antagonists put away for life. not consider himself as having been kid- confrontation between black militants and in Huey's innocence, held out for part Instead, unless the case is reversed napped. . occupying police. of the four days of deliberation, but on appeal, they will lock him away~or Jensen's theory of the • crimes" of The jury was unable to believe that eventually concluded that the lesser fifteen years ... and Huey does not assault and murder was the following: Huey p. Newton committed murder last charge, which is being appealed, was doubt that they will make him serve that Huey, a convicted felon, was carry­ October 28, but still unable to overcome the wiser cours~. every day of the maximum penalty (2­ ing two matchboxes of marijuana and the pressures of a white racist society Wiser because it could not be predicted 15 years for manslaughter). Fifteen years. a P38 gun in his car. Fearing harsh and vote for an acquittal. what kind of a jury might be obtained It ain't what the establishment wanted prison terms, Huey supposedly shot two The jury of seven women and five men, were there to be a retrial on the same but its the next best thing. cops who;"stopped his car early in the whose foreman was a black bank mana­ charges. At least, they might have reason­ Assistant DA Lowell Jensen was hot morning of October 28. Jensen paraded ger, found Huey Newton guilty of voluntary ed, a new trial now can only choose after the death penalty. He. challenged a long chain of witnesses who were manslaughter and not guilty of assaulting between acq"littal and manslaughter. Huey and threw off every p€lrspective juror a police officer. The manslaughter charge Newton cannot ag:lin be charged with the who was opposed to capItal punishment. CONTINUED ON PG. 8 refers to the dead pOlice officer, John same capital cAlm·~s with which he had Frey, and the acquittal on assault to been charged be!Ort:!. Not again for mur­ the wounded officer, Herbert Heanes. der, kidnap, or assault. THE MOVEMENT PRESS What does the verdict mean? It means What does the verdict mean? It means that the jury decided that Huey N1!wton that a jury unable to .Jlgree on Huey's 449 14.T... STREET shot Frey "in the heat of passion", under guilt was under too much external pres­ SAN FRANCISCO, CA. 94103 such provacation that any U reasonable sure from the pOwerful Oakland estab- man would have been provoked." It means .lishment to see their ·way clear to free that Huey, in the jurY's eyes, shot Frey a man against whom the evidence pre­ without malice or premeditation. It means sented was at best dubious and often he did not assault or intentionally shoot clearly false. It means they reached a Patrolman Heanes. political agreement -- a political com­ What does the verdict mean? It means promise -- if even in their own minds -­ that Huey has been found not guilty of and agreed that he must be guilty of first or second degree murder, or of and sentenced for something. Even most assault, or of kidnapping -- all charges establishment news commentators view which the DA sought to pin upon Mm. the verdict as a "pOlitical" one. Even people most familiar with the What does the verdict mean? It means testimony and ~titricacies of the case that the oakland establishment has gotten PAGE 2 THE MOVEMENT OCTOBER, 1968

LETTERS 1IIIIIIIIIIIt111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 SEGAL ON ICE L'INTERNATIONALE some groovy thing. EDITORS NOTE: FOR THE PAST SEV­ Dear Comrades: vanced, highly industrialized countries; other things happen too- so far, it has receivedenthusiastic replies ERAL MONTHS BROTHER JEFF SEGAL like really really understanding the HAS BEEN IN FEDERAL PRISON SERV­ The scope and nature of the insurrect­ from many of the groups. The letter blues - it's pain & beauty & sorrow. It' s ionary actions taken throughout the highly itself, though, only hints at the two sub­ ING A TERM FOR REFUSING INDUCTION a kind of sorrow that's not despair but INTO THE ARMY. AS OUR MOVEMENT industrialized countries this past year stantive questions such an assembly strength to feel pain & suffering with a CONTINUES TO STRUGGLE AGAINST have initiated a new phase of revolutionary raises: the necessity for calling it, and knowledge of strength & survival & not IMPERIALIST AND RACIST AMERICA struggle. It is now clear that the existence the questions to be discussed. hopelessness "Trouble in mind, I'm blue, of anti-imperialist fronts within theim­ At Columbia, the longer the strike went MANY MORE OF US WILL FACE PRISON but I won't be blue always, a little bit a' TERMS. LIFE IN PRISON CAN BE VERY perialist nations is no longer sufficient on, the more we felt the necessity for sun gonna shine in my back door someday-" for revolutionary struggle. The insurrect­ some kind of CRITICAL gauge for our HARD AND VERY LONELY. MAIL FROM It's a fine and beautiful thing to feel. FRIENDS IS VIRTUALLY THE ONLY LINK ion at Columbia University, the Easter own actions; in declaring the strike Com­ Or the agony of the beats that made them Actions in Germany and the May Revo­ mittee, representing some 7000 people, WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD. JEFF IS travel and create the water that we now BEING DENIED THE MAIL PRIVILEGES lution in France all point, with varying holding "liberated" classes, staging con­ swim in. degrees of intensity, towards the forma­ frontation, and establislling the «Libera­ THAT ALL PRISONERS ARE ENTITLED or hate - the longer they attempt to TO. WE ASK THAT ALL BROTHERS AND tion of social anti-capitalist forces within tion School", we constantly felt the need isolate me from my brothers and sisters each country. to be in greater contact with movements SISTERS WRITE TO JEFF AND AT THE the more it builds up inside of me. Now SAME TIME SEND LETTERS OF COM­ The new level of action demands a co­ engaged in similar actions. SUch move­ just standing waiting for my name to ~ ordinated attempt among members of the PLAINT DEMANDING THAT JEFF BE ments certainly existed, yet it was prac­ called when mail is distributed and not movement in different countries to define tically impossible to get any news, for ALLOWED TO RECEIVE HIS MAIL. THE getting any and knowing that the reason more clearly the nature and importance LETTERS TO JEFF SHOULD BE AD­ example, from France, on the way their is that the beasts who run this place are of these actions and the problems facing .. open" assemblies ran, or any detailed DRESSED: afraid of us and a keeping me from hear­ the revolutionary' movements in these . report on the different "Critical Uni- TO JEFF SHOULD BE ADDRESSED': ing from the comrades just enrages me countries. We think that, at this stage of JEFF SEGAL' • versities" being set up in Germany. While further. I don't know when or how long historical and political development, a the movements appeared to be at a simi­ 9689 PC from now but I'm not going to be able to I dialogue! leading to the c~.eation of a lar stage of struggle -- or at least BOX 4000 keep it all bottled up for much longer. coherent revolutionary theory is neces­ suggested that -- there was little or no SPRINGFIELD, MO. 65802 Or jealousy -I think about the things sary if we wish to insure the growth contact among them. THE LETTERS OF COMPLAINT SHOULD you told me you were doing and get to of an international movement. We are BE ADDRESSED TO THE WARDEN OF The questions that will be discussed feeling jealous. Not because you shouldn't therefore calling for an International As­ are precisely those which arise out of THE PRISON AT THE SAME ADDRESS be doin' those things but because it ain't sembly of Revolutionary student Move­ AND/OR TO THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF that stage of struggle: how politically me out there instead. It's irrational & ments which will address itself to two efficacious are exemplary minority acts; PRISONS IN WASHINGTON, D.C. nonsensicai & will go away when I get main themes: the stage of class struggle THE FOLLOWING Is THE TEXT OF A what are the best ways in which thi! out but grabs a hold of me at times any­ in the individual countries and the po­ different movements have made connect­ LETTER THAT JEFF SENT TOAFRIEND way. tential of new revolutionary agents, and LAST MONTH: ions with the traditional working class; It's like beginning to even like bad the prospects and possible forms of an what issues have they found most success­ 8/1/68 rock & roll music - actUally dug listen­ international revolutionary movement. ful to organize different constituencies capitalist labor day ing to that come to San Francisco with' For too long the United states move­ around -- if there are any such issues Dearest SOUl-mate, flowers in your hair idiOCY ment has isolated itself from the move­ at all; what relationship do they see I have just finished reading Kerouac's and begin to look twice at ment in Europe. The Assembly will meet evolving between themselves and the third BIG SUR -I traveled down the Bay ugly women. at Columbia from the 17t025 ofSeptember. world, etc.? We wish to discuss all these Feeling nostalgic reading the San Fran­ grooving on what he said with you and now It will largely take the form of open, questions -- from the most mundane want to be with you so bad; what an in­ cisco Chronicle. mass meetings, thus allowing the pre­ organizational ones -- with as many credable frustration, but the trip was so Your taste goes all to Hell in here. Which sentation of an internationalistperspective people from the American movement as fine. We're going to do it real-like when doesn't mean a permanent mal-function to North American radical youth. possible. For those reasons, the Assembly I get out of here. (gonna try something but a temporary disability (as I know, All correspondence and any specific will not be held solely at Columbia but different and just put down a series of but those things happen just the same . questions should be sent to: at as many different universities within mind pictures. The things I think about, & I hate the fact that they happen). Columbia Strike Co-ordinatingCommittee the New York area as possible, and the stuff that pops into my head as I write.) My favorite time of the day becomes P.O. Box 238 foreign representatives will be available Kerouac is beautiful. I went crazy and night time because it means that I can Cathedral station for speaking tours after the assembly is sane with him through the book and think go to sleep and dream & leave this place. 219 West 104 Street over. The spring actions taken throughout it'd be a stone gas if he was on my Here's a new learning;'cause now I New YO,rk City, N.Y. 10025 the world this year represented an inter­ correspondence list. know how people feel who want to escape Columbia strike Co-ordinatingCommittee national mob1llzation; the similaritiesthat Strange and beautiful things go through thru drugs - out there on the streets. and Students for a Democratic Society the different movements expressed must our minds here all olthe time - like things Dreaming is that for me. r d ne.ver be­ be understood; there is an international we miss and a going to dO' ' come an escapist but, at least, now I U INTERNATIONALE SERA LE GENRE solidarity growing that should be expanded. or do all of the time and aren't going to know how people feel who do it and I HUMAINI We see the Assembly as one step in this do (at least for a long time) understand them way down inside me. process. I'm going to get dozens of oranges & Every night I go to Chicago or San This letter of invitation has been sent sqeeze myself gallons of orange juice ­ Francisco or New York or travelling to over twenty groups in various ad- gorge myself on orange juice between with you & our people and build Sleep late up all kinds of great fantasies - maybe ·EL MUNDO, sabado 7 de septi~mb-re de 'i :l'SS N0t stand in line to eat sometime I'll write them down they would -- .....- . Let my hair grow long make some wierd reading. Just thought ­ tL M"rcno . 1'I.LU'l1\ noC~N't£ DC t.A £~c:/,ICUl flO Wear clothes with colour in it not only do the mail censorship/regu­ f"€~ ,otHSlllO ot:; LA 11:-1 I" G:~SIf)j\ti O£ L" Kiss lots of people lations inhibit content but also form. I Ij~ ')fA-SARA. Never sleep alone can' t type or use different paper or use Get stoned . space like it'd be fun since we try to o The Movement Eat a corned beef sandwich cram everything in the space we have and jillions of other th1ngs. (oh, you don't have to limit letters to ~p en la Bihlioteca Then to trip out on things to do together ­ 2 pages). like show you my favorite tree-a-tree I Who have you met so far and how do .E:~ 1a B;blluteCH l'\U(:iOl~al 5..:" THE MOVEMENT IN THE LIBRARY used to play on in Jackson Park in Chi­ you like the scene, people, places out he sLi1)Hio un" co,ecci(jn del HAVANA...The National Library has re­ cago. Or going up the Russian River to there? P~~i.·:t~(Ec(j The i\[(l\·~nl(-·n'. ljrga. ceived a collection of the newspaper, my cousin's cabin. Listening to Muddy We make such beautiful destroyers to­ l~O d:~ agl'upaeir)n("~ de izquiCt· <1:\ nOl'tcilm',rican;l. l::s11 (·oic(·. THE MOVEMENT, organ of groups of the Waters in Sylvio's boppingthroughRoose­ gether. ci,jn ,;c 0ncu:'ntJ:il a {jiHpn.;ic:fjll northamerican new left. This collection velt Urii versity. Eating inthe great Chinese !lei l'ilbli('o <,n I', l-r{'nl\~1 ()tC~';1 is open to the public in the period1cals Restaurant swimming in the ocean and Love, ({~ ((:!~11:1. in,.titll'·i'·I~l. section of the librarv. making love in all of these places. Jeff I'd be working or sleeping or eating Jeffrey Segal THE MOVEM ENT or sumpthin' & think about you and doing 9689 PCS IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE·MOVEMENT PRESS, - ..- 449 14TH STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94103 (415) 626 3046

SUBSCRIPTIONS - $2.00 PER YEAR EDITORIAL GROUP - JOSEPH A. BLUM, RENEE BLUM, KAREN JO KOONAN, TERENCE CANNON, LINCOLN BERGMAN, ARLENE EISEN BERGMAN, PERI GILBERT, JERRY DENSCH .l-<:AREN ROSS, MARK HARDESTY, HARDY FRYE, DAVE WELLMAN, KRIS DYMOND

CH ICAGO GROU P

KATHY ARCHIBALD, JIM CARTER. LES COLEMAN.HILDA IGNATIN, MIKE I.AMES,ED JENNINGS, LENNY JOYCE, PETER ILOS ANGELES -

BOB NIEMANN, BILL VANDERCOO' 1657 FEDERAL AVE., LOS ANGELE A 002 (213) 4/8 9509

BROTHER IN EXILE- JEFF SEGAL .'\. OCTOBER. 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 3 WELFARE MOTHERS AND STUDENTS Dig It ... AndDo It by Bill Ayers and Terry Robbins conduct and assaulting an officer, and Money for bllil again came from Univ­ tion is that the debate and the dichotomy Ohio- Michigan SDS was released on $25 bail. ersi~y sources, but this time some of the were unreal. On the one hand, "base- That evening, 400 students marched ~oney was used to bail out the welfare · building" too often meant leaving education Ann Arbor, Michigan is by its own from the campus to the County Jail mothers, many of whom werebeing arrest­ to words and analysis only--when the best standards a progressivEi, forward-looking to protest police brutality and to support ed for the second time in a week. tea~her may ·well have been the pigs, community. Centered around the 30,000 the Welfare mothers. 150 people then welfare bur~aucrats, and university offi­ students at the University of Michigan, attended a Voice-SDS meeting to plan Saturday cials. On the other hand, • confrontation Ann Arbor calls itself the • research further strategy. politics" could not automatically develop center of the midwest". Ann Arbor's A meeting was scheduled for Sunday at . ·a strategy creative enough to transcend mayor has spoken of his town as place Thursday 3' pm between the mothers and the super­ ·the limited- reformist issue. ThUS, the where "there are few, if any, real pro­ visors. The supervisors were running pattern of meetings, rallies, marches and· blems" , a statement reminiscent of Mayor Five welfare mothers met with the scared and a settlement seemedimminent. sit-ins--without serious political confron- Daley's fam0y's boast, "thereare no slums board of supervisors at 1:30. They again The mothers temporarily suspended all ·tation-- became entrenchedin the struggle. in the city of Chicago" • demanded that clothing grants be arranged demonstrations. Last year Ann Arbor was chosen by according to individual need, and reqiJested Support or Equality LOOK maguine for one of its All­ that $72,000 be appropriated to serve Monday- Settlement American City awards. Last week Ann for clothing funds. Robert Harris, Chair­ A second serious debate went on around Arbor unofficially acknOWledged the honor man of the County Board of SUpervisors, No progresswas made overthe weekend. the question of student support. Anumber by finally looking the part; it was as countered by offering each mother a $60 However, late Monday evening, after an of SDS members as well as social-work all-American as tactical riot units, down­ grant. The offer was rejected. eight hour meeting a settlement was fin­ students and people from the DAI~Y­ town areas sealed-offbythe pigs, beatings, At 5:15, 52 people sat in at the county ally reached. Robert Harrisonofthe Board SGC axis, argued that we should see mass arrests, and bloodied newsmen. As building. 28 were students from the uni­ of Supervisors agreed to provide $91,000 ourselves only as supporters of the moth- . American, as Rap once Said, as cherry versity, the rest welfare mothers. About in clothing money to the county's 1,300 ers and shouldplace ourselvescompletely pie. a hundred pigs, led by Sheriff H~rvey, ADC children. The money is to be allotted under their leadership. Anything more The incident that brought the pigs out broke up the sit-in and arrested the first, within thirty days, to all applicants than that, they argued, was unfair to the this time was an escalating protest on 52 people. Funds for release of the requesting funds up to $70. After the thirt¥ mothers and politically unwise. the part of welfare mothers and student students was immediately provided by the days, any remaining funds will be used to The other side argued that we were supporters for higher clothing grants. office of the Vice-President in charge fill any needs above the initial $70. out to build our own movement and that B.riefly, the week's events went like this: of Student Affairs, upon approval from The settlement came following a noon ·if a coalition was to be made, it must. University President Robben Fleming. rally attended by 500 people on the Diag, consist of equals, each with a well-de:' Tuesday, September 3 That evening 900 students gathered on and a march of about three hundred people ·fined position, coming together for a the diag, the center of campus, for a rally to the County. Building. It alS

HAYDEN HAILSCHICAG,O•

iI.1 the future. reaction, however, was that the beatings position of other groups who are not in We can also talk about victory in terms of of white people still seem to shock the the streets, and operate on the assump­ THE MOVEMENT: Why don't we start the impact that the movement had on the public more than the murder of blacks. tion that they can make an important by asking you if you consider the action country. Tom Wicker wrote in the New York TIMES contribution--that the rearguard , in a in Chicago at the Democratic National that «these were not Negroes, rioting and sense, is just as important as the van­ .G0llvention a vict?ryfor the movement? . World Humiliation burning in the ghetto.•.these were our guard and should not be seen as a caboose TOM HAYDEN' It was one ofthemoreim-' children in the streets, and the Chicago or as a group Of lesser or inferior people. portant steps forward in the development A very serious humiliation was im­ police beat them up" • In any guerilla war the rearguard is as of the movement on the one hand, and posed on the U.S government, a humili­ MOVEMENT: You talk about overcoming important as the vanguard, and the rear­ in the disintegration of the governing ation of world proportions, even in West­ fear as the only way to fight against a guard in this case is people who do the forces on the other. People came to Chi­ ern Europe, especially within the alliance police state. Another thing which came out door to door organizing, the explaining, the cago not in the superficial way that they framework of the U.S., creating profound of Chicago seems a further sophistication interpretation through writing, speaking, have come out to previous mobilizations worry and anxiety now about the viability of repressive policy--hintedat in Muskie' s appearances before the mass media. The where they participate for a few hours. of the American government. That worry speech where he divides the masses of people who for one reason or another The people who came toChicago camewith can only lead to increased pressures for idealist and confused youth from the want to make a contribution to the move­ a serious committment, having thought an end to the war in Vietnam, increased troublemakers, the leaders, the revolu­ ment but don't want their skulls split-­ to themselves the risks thatwereinvolved. loss of confidence in the American finan­ tionaries, the lawbreakers. While it is maybe because they have a family, or a Therefore the makeup of the people there cial structure, increased isolation of the impossible to disagree with the idea that job, or because they have the kind of and the general mentality of the people U. S. as it becomes more and more an the overcoming of fear is necessary to doubts that are normal for anybody to there was more serious than at any outlaw nation in the eyes of people around deal with a police state, it might be possible have. Their work is vital. Going beyond previous national mobilization of this kind. the world. to disagree with the idea that this means that,.I think we have to playa rearguard Then within the U.S., the victory of the taking to the streets. Wi,ile the streets role also :and simply not leave such a role Facing Fear hawks at the convention I think is a classic may be effective in certain circumstances to chance. case of pyrrhic victory, where the means street action may also be a cuI de sac. There are times where it's more im­ The experien~e of refusing to be in­ that you use to achieve your ends really This might be true now at Berkeley, though portant to have a teach - in explaining your timadated by the police state set up in destroy the possibility of achieving your it is hard to say. How do you view this political motivations, more important to Chicago was very important for people end. The public opinion that Johnson and question of repression? What in fact is do that than to take to the streets for the to go through because I think one of our Humphrey want to unify in behalf of their the most effective way ofusing that-over­ 15th consecutive night. This might be chief problems within the movement is policies has been split. The party mach­ coming of fear" against the police state? better than letting the vanguard get so fear. Fear of repression, fear of violence, inery that they want to put into motion TOM: Pm not saying that every time the. far 'ou~ in front that liberal groups fi­ fear of walking into hazardous and un­ to insure the victory in November to con­ police appear you have to fight back in nanced by the Ford Foundation can come predictable situations and overcoming that tinue those policies has been undermined order to prove your manhood, not that in behind you and exploit the doubts and fear is the first step in breaking down and placed on the defensive. The mass street action is the only viable political the issues that you've raised. We should the police state whi.ch thrives on fear media that they've had trouble with in action that is left. All of these issues do that work our5:~lv'3swithouteverletting and depends on it. If the people there Vietnam and around the question of the have to be calculated according to the it interfere with the accelerrating mo­ in the streets could face Chicago, face so-called credibUity gap at home, is now local situation; the forces lined up against mentum of the people in the front lines. the police state there, they can face it even more aligned against them. We've you, and the morale and outlook of the back home and they'll take that back come a considerable way towards the dis­ people who are on your side. with them. integration not only of the structure ofthe Columbia Cooptation Also the experience of being in the Democratic Party, but the disintegration Paying Dues This is what happened at Columbia. streets was really underscored this time. of its authority. We are now in a situation The strike committee was moving for­ The slogan -the streets belong to the where increasing numbers of Americans But I think the problem inthe movement' ward so fast that it created a vacuum to people", took on a lot of reality as people no longer have respect for the President is not so much the tendency toward adven­ its right that was inherited by the Students realized that they were unwelcome in­ or what he says and this makes it ill the turism, to running out in the streets, as for a Restructured University with Ford side the Democratic Party, unwelcome more difficult to escalate the war or to it is a tendency in the opposite direction-­ money and with a different political line in the Hilton Hotel, unwelcome in the take aggressive or decisive steps in any to look for ways to achieve social change more acceptable to average students in restaurant in Chicago, unwelcome in the direction. without pain, without loss of life, witheut some respects. This made the strike parks as well, and the streets became . Finally, in terms of American public prison sentences. America, I think, is no committee appear to be the extremist the only place where people could be. opinion, we raised some very provocative different from any other country in this group and the university restructuring They were forced into the streets and th~ and important questions in the best pos­ respect--someone will have to pay dues committee to be the moderate and res­ streets.. became sort of the last area of sible way. in order to make the system move. ponsible group. T,) some extent this is exJstence from which you had to resist. MOVEMENT: What in fact do you think MOVEMENT: SUre. You can acceptthatand inevitable. There's no question that lib­ erals will move in to 'take over issues that rajicals have created: that's co­ optation. But in order to avoid repression we have to hold on to issues that we've originally raised and fight our way into the forums where people are considering the validity of the actions that we've taken. This also increases numbers. Its a process of continually going backwards in order to go forwards. It can be used to justify suspension of revolutionary action--but I'm not using it that way. It is a matter of recognizing that the task of interpeting oursevles to a public cannot be left to liberals, journalists or soci­ ologists. This leads directly into the other thing you asked about, Muskie's speech, where he makes a distinction between sophisti­ cated professional agitators and the large numbers of idealistic students. This was the same distinction made by President Kirk at Columbia, also by the national press, and is under consideration by the President's Commission on Violence. The FBI uses it aswell,andit'snotjust chance that these groups and individuals coincide The people being in the streets on the the movement got across to the American sUll raise the question of how to work most in making this analysis. one hand, and the establishment surround­ people? effectively. This is the essence of American for­ ing itself and its institutions with barbed TOM: One role of the movement has been TOM: The most important thing, the eign policy--to believe,that the masses wire on the other, is the way things are to create questions that are compelling to primary thing, is not to blunt the cutting are manipUlated by se::ret internal groups going to be more and· more, and the people. I think we raised very serious edge of the movement in the expectation who don't have social purpose or ideals. people who were in Chicago got a glimpse questions about why, for the first time that that will buy you time or win you You'll find this in the military manuals of the future that they can carrywith them since the Civil War in 1864, a convention allies to your right. The most important for counter-insurgency at home and for a long time. of the government in office has had to thing is to sharpenthe cuttingedge--which abroad. What we do about it is one of be surrounded by barbed wire and mili­ means people in the streets at this point. the main questions that the movement Cross-FertiIization tary force. That underlined to many people Only by more and more experience in faces, and I think it simply has to be the fact that the government really is the streets will a real consciousness of dealt with in the way we were just dis­ Also there was a great deal of cross­ propped up by force of arms rather than how to deal with repression begin to evolve. cussing. That is, by making sure that fertilization among the people who came by popular consent or Johnson's "con­ One reason why people are seen as ad­ the most radical people continue moving to Chicago. I think that to some extent sensus". venturist or provocative in the streets by forward, making themselves more and the distinctions between yippies and new people who don't like what we're doing, more radical while not isolating them­ leftists and McCarthy people were blurred, Law &Order is simply because there's not enough selves. if not broken down, because they were collective experience from which to draw all facing the same oppression. But also Also people got a look at what this collective wisdom. Question of Style when you weren't running from or runn­ phony discussion of -law and order" You have to make mistakes before you ing after the police, there was plenty of really means. I think a lot of people begin to get some sense about how to deal Sometimes this is just a matter of time for dialogue and communication be­ were shocked by seeing the police plan with repressive laws and actions. So f styles-- sometimes if radicals would yield tween very diverse groups who previously carried out against the demonstration and would say you have to sharpen the cutting on questions of style they would prevent did not know much about each other or that we sort of opened up this issue more edge and that means taking the risk of an unneccessary degree of isolation. distrusted each other. The attention on than it has been opened up. In the case of more and more mistakes--that's the first There's no reason to cali McCarthy the confrontation should not obscure the the black rebellions increasingly, the thing. However, I think it's our responsi­ k~ds motherfuckers or assholes. There's fact that in addition to the confrontation public has not had any direct access to bility , while in the streets, not to make no reason to continue to verbally put down a tremendous amount of intercourse went what's happening. The cameras can't get a mystique out of street people and street white liberals, for only contributing money or legal defense and going no further. on in the U movement centers" and in in, tear gas is choking everyone. You action, even though we think that this form the park where. people had a chance to saw very little in Miami even though three of action and the people who do it are There's no reason to verbally antagonize come together and explore different things people were killed. lncreasinglypolic~ the cutting edge. We should not fall into anyone unnecessarily--that is a form of that were being done around the country. .reports are virtually all yoa have to rely on a religious deeification- -we've had enough pseudo politics, a substitute for action. It's the bag that certain black militants It was a good test of who is serious about for information. 'But here the tables were of that; first toward the black vanguard, turned and the actual reality of rebellion secondly, toward community organizers have gotten into over the years, sort of being in the streets and who is not and that satisfying their frustrations by yelling probably will lead to possibilities for con­ and suppression of rebellion were put and other groups. out into the open for people at least to at white people. I think what the Viet­ solidation of the movement, giving people namese have shown us is that there's who are otherwise apart geographically see, and this, it seems to me, can only Rearguard &Vanguard have healthy effects. no contradiction between firm and mili­ or organizationally, a common reference A corallary of this is thai-you have to tant revolutionary action combined with point from which they can work together An unfortunate lesson of this public take into account the state of mind and a carefUl, dignified, and sophisticated OCTOBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 5 THE ELEMENTS OF VICTORY attitude towards a variety of forces who to confront theirs and having confidence and so consistently wrong about this to call them into account, to ask them are not your immediate main enemy and that in that confrontation the truth would action? what they're dQing, to ask them to be may contribute something or even finally not be lost either on us or them. MOVEMENT: You talked about a cast of with us. There is a very dangerous tend­ be changed. This insecurity on the left leads to an characters kind of confrontation: drama­ ency among whites to want. to unite be­ MOVEMENT: What do you see as the organizational chauvinism which places tizing the opposition forces in this country. hind them rather than demanding that they shortcomings anq weaknesses of the action thp well being of ,the organization per se In an earlier article you talked about the unite behind us. in Chicago? You have criticized segments above the well-beIng ofthe ID,ovement. You demonstration exposing the racism in the When Julian stuck by his positionon draft of the left in relation to the planning for don't risk your o'rganization by putting it Democratic Party. Couldn't one say that resistance and card burning he was doing Chicago. How do you see these things into something where it might be used . the demonstrations failed to raise this what a legislator should do, whichisabide affecting the consequences of the demon­ This was the fear of many SDS people, question, except in terms of the law and by the demands and thrUsts of the people strations? for example, who feared either cooptation order issue? that he represents, no matter how ticklish TOM: Well, I think that the main short­ or a bloodbath. They were not in control TOM: This is an importantpoint. The first a spot that puts him in. Whether he con­ coming was the fact that throughout the of the action and they feared being dis- thing to be recognized is that by white tinues to do that in the future is an open several months of organizing for this credited if ~et, got officIally involved, people going out into the streets increas­ question. It's up to him a' lot, and it's ingly we're opening an additional front of up to us. ''"'.~ trouble and difficulty for the establish­ ~" ~ Ghettoes Still Go Up ':~ ment. We're splittingthe white community. We're making itdifficult for the repression In addition I think we have to recognize of blacks to take place because we're that even what they've done with Julian limiting the resources available to dothat and Mrs. Hamer, Channing Phillips and job by creating trouble for the police and Hatcher is not a fully successful cooptation the establishment ourselves. Al\d the best 'no matter what their intention. The Gary thing we can do for Black people and for and Cleveland ghettos went up this year the Vietnamese is to up the ante. 1 think regardless of the Black man who was in increasingly Black people are coming to office, and the crisis that Black people recognize that. Contrary to the press are living through cannot be modified very accounts we found tremendous sympathy significantly by replacing the traditional in the Black community in Chicago for Black minister with Black politicians who what we were doing and the beginning of urge the people towait and have corifidence a new respect for white people who are and so forth. The crisisisnow so material beginning to engage in this kind of a battle. and so real in terms of hunger and jobless­ So 1 think that that was very imPQrtant. ness and the consciousness is so aggres­ sive and demanding that it really won't Bond & Hamer wait much upon politicians. Politicianswill have to run to keep up with it. In a sense Now on the other question, I think that what the Democratic Party is doing now this convention sawthe inclusion offormer is too late. Four years ago it might have Black militant leaders into the leading im­ got a lease on life, but I'm not sure it perialist party. In spite of the fact that got a lease on life this time because the Julian Bond and Mrs. Hamer, Channing situation has moved ahead so fast. Phillips and Dick Hatcher opposed the war I think in the future the anti-war move­ in Vietnam, in spite of the fact that they ment will be facing the same problem. If represent what little hope there is for ' • Humphrey is defeated the Democratic action there was hostility and suspicion even though they knew that most SDS moderate progress within the system, it Party is knocked over and disintegrated, and confusion from many different quar­ active members would wind up reluctantly still must be a difficult question for them so what you will see in 1972 is a move by ters of the movement. In many cases going to this kind of action. The draft to face whether they'rEi being used to the McCarthy people, by the more mod­ even from our old friends. One direct resistance groups also to a certain extent perpetuate an illusion and false image erate elements of the anti-war movement, result of this was that while we were very were more concerned about the purity of around the world about the Democratic to go right into the Democratic Party be­ well organized in terms of marshalls, their style than about anything else, and Party and about the American government. hind Teddy Kennedy and take it over in c'ommunications, legal, medical, other they thought it would be smirched or soiled I've known Julian and Mrs. Hamer for a coalition with Julian Bond and Mrs. Hamer. facilities the action could have been much if they, were on the streets with other long time and so my thinking can't be Whether that happens or not can't be better organized. Also we could have laid people who didn't burn their draft cards, very harsh towards them as individuals. I predicted now, but I believe that that is the groundwork for this by having a build­ who didn' t act out of moral witness ',and think that they know what they're doing what is likely to happen although when up in the spring and summer by means of so on. and realize the risks. I would hope that events begin to move they move very educational and direct action things hap­ There has been an ideological and their primary allegiance is to the people fast, and by 1972 the current liberals pening on the local levels that would begin strategic crisis on the left throughout in the streets and to the people down on might be historically outmoded not able raising the questions that come to climac­ this whole election year caused in large the block, hungry people in the ghetto, to really adapt enough even for purposes tic focus in Chicago. That never happened part by the elections. The left has been rather than their allegiance starting to of successfully fooling the people. because people were not sure, and our very dlvided. Some people have gone into switch to the ·left wing" of the party. numbers were significantly reduced by the McCarthy movement, other people We can have an effect 011 their calculations MOVEMENT: Why don't we closeby asking the confusion and uncertainty inthe move­ have been so opposed to the McCarthy and their loyalties because we whites rep­ you where you think the movement is at ment. movement that they fear any association resent a certain part of their base. after Chicago? TOM: I think that the point that we are with it. But thAy see no alternative,: People like us raised Julian Bond and therefore they virtually drop-outof having coming to now may be a point that the More People Fannie Lou Hamer to be national figures Blacks have been through, and that is the a political identity duringthe electionyear and it's People like uswho have everyright I believe that if the llumbers had been for fear that it would be coopted. This point where the movement becomes so twice what they were the convention would is a kind of laying low and waiting for the strong and the tensions become so great, have stopped itself because the security elections to go away or only engaging in that peaceful and legal demonstrations arrangements and military were so in­ those kinds of actions which seem def­ in themselves beCQme hazardous. The herently unstable that they were beginning initely not subject to co-optation, like police are in wait for even legal demon­ to turn into their' opposite even while the Columbia strike. Now, we can argue strations. The police are waiting for lib­ we were there. securitybecame insecurity to what degree the Columbia strike was erals and McCarthy people. The streets for McCarthy delegates, for 'newspaper 'coopted, if at all, but the main point is become a contested area. We've come a that Columbia was more spontaneous than long way very fast. men, for people in the hotels. Motions , Now we're facing a situation where were beginning to be made on the floor planned. If it had not come along, the left survival of the movement is the first to stop the convention and move it to would have been without a really significant another city. This was only a fraction action to point to this year. CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 of the insecurity that would have been We have been looking for the pure act created by larger numbers. The federal all year. I think this comes from essen­ troops didn' t even hit the streets. That tially lack of confidence in our politics. would have added immensely to the con­ The feeling that the system is so cunning fusion and they would of had to hit the and flexible that to expose your politics streets simply with larger numbers of in an election year is to open them up to demonGtrators present. There could h3.ve rape. been more demonstrations dispersed a­ MOVEMENT: Do you think the movement round the city if there were more people. 'succeeded in being the determining factor We would have been more protected and , in Chicago? less exposed to police violence if there TOM: We occupied the attention of the were more people. country and the attention of the delegates In terms of creating the total political more than anything else. The real story effect that we wanted to achieve both of Chicago is not the story of the Demo­ leading up to the convention and at the cratic Party debating and ratifying its convention, I think we were hurt very policies and democratically choosing its severly by forces on the left. A lot of leaders, but the story was of the Demo­ people are trying to examine why this cratic Party tighening and rigging itself h

The mass media in this country are institutions of perhaps also to local commercial AM domination and manipulation. Operated purely for profit stations.). Organizing Tool and coming increasingly into the hands of a few world­ We need to hear from people who are wide supercorporations, American radio and television interested 'in using tapes like the ones described here. We must respond to mold public opinion with a heavy and unrelenting hand. your needs. We want to hear from pl}ople News management and blackout are everyday occurrences· who have a 'foot in the campus radio . , station's door. We want response also the level of entertainment has fallen past mediocrity from campus travelers, regional organ­ into blandness, perpetuating the crudest and most simple­ izers, people involved with church groups or Boy Scout troops -- anyone who can minded elements of our culture. The small amount of ,widen the audience for these materials. We also want people who are interested educational broadcasting in the American media accepts in setting up related projects using local uncontroversiality as its touchstone. In newscasts, EVENTS resources and facilities, and perhaps in exchanging raw audio material or are reported, but not the context or the implications completed tapes with us. We hope to of those events, or the relations between them. Not only assist people in making tapes that are technically of broadcast quality. the commercial advertisements but the very programming Keep in mind that part of the idea 'of RFP is to use audio media as an itself reinforces the prevailing consumption ethic of our organizing tool. For example, a public culture. playing of a tape on the role of women as decorative appurtenances to men ought By using mass appeal as its chief audiences who are not usually reached. to be followed up rigorously with a dis­ criterion, a situation that stems from But they will reach such audiences only cussion, a project, and the formation of a the commerical foundation of ,broad­ if they are brought to them by people women's group or of ,a radical caucus casting, the broadcast media effectively who understalid what it is to organize, within an existing group. deny meaningful access by minority and how to use such (tapes) to increase We are not certain at this early date groups. Far from ameliorating this, the social and political a>Vareness....we are just when we will send out our first - Federal Communications Commissionag­ initially directing our work to those in tapes. We expect to have at least one gravates it by rigidifying debate into the society who have already begun their major feature and several tapes suitable "two sides, equal time for both", which re-definition." for a weekly program well before the insures not El,ialogue but only contest. Our first production will most likely beginning of the fall school term. We Opinions are'predigested, debates re­ be based on the Columbia Rebellion: hope to issue a sampler, possibly in hearsed, programs prerecorded. Spon­ strikes, demands, Liberation Courses, disc form, offering (free) a taste of our taneity is a rare phenomenon. and such. The material illustrates some wares. In 1968, thought control in the United , real political decision-making-under the For further information contact Peter States is a reality. The boom in political stress of moment-to-moment crises. Sutheim, 160 Prospect Place, Brooklyn, anti-Establishment newspapers and other Not all the material will be narrowly New York 11238.• visual and graphic media has so far political. We expect to discuss, for ex­ been unmatched by anything in the field ample, life style and goals for people of audio or radio. Yet sound recordings who want to remain committed to effec­ and broadcasts can be extremely effect­ tive radicalism even after college, when ive ways of reaching people. Recognizing they are open to sweet seduction by the that fact, we announce the formation of many rewards of middle-class Establish­ Radio Free People. ment life. We will touch on our consumer THE NEW MEDIA It is the purpose of Radio Free People Culture, on the role of women in society, to destroy the dominion of the mass on experimental communities, to name media by introducing powerful, honest, just a few of the many, many possibil­ by Mark Kleiman forthright radio programs, and by helping ities. (People in the New York City area communities establish decentralizedlocal who have heard the weekly SDS radio For years radicals have bemoaned their audio and radio outlets. In its concept­ program on WBAI will have some notion inability to get their line across to the ion, RFP is probably most like an audio of the variety of subjects that can be people, A major barrier has been radio counterpart of The Newsreel, the enor­ covered.) and television. The two most powerful mously successful New Left film pro­ We are also thinking of some further communications devices known to us have duction and distribution operation founded objectives, although their achievement been used to turn American brains to shit, only a few months ago. may be several years away. to deaden life or anything looking remotely Among the immediate purposes of RFP 1. To establish a non-profit business like it, and, most importantly, to warp are: that would provide the New Left with the news into a nice anti-communist 1. To produce and distribute tape (and electronic services and possiblyapparatus package which people will 'swallow if possibly disc) recordings. The contents in return for a living for a number of they're kept on the diet of the bourgeois of the recordings would be news, analyses, people. This and other enterprises would press. We are dependent on the same discussions, forums, readings, dramatic' mark the start of some economic indepen­ media, owned and operated by the ruling material, songs, stories, poems, sound dence for the Movement. As with some of class, for any public relationship we mixes, collages -- all with a New Left the Movement print shops and publica­ may have. The press has a positive orientation, in the broadest and most tions, the goal would be to make the pro­ genius for twisting our words and dis­ • ject an economically self-sustainingoper­ torting our actions. open sense of that term. For example, many hours of already-edited tape (inter­ ation. Last year, a few hip community stations views, live-sound pick-ups) are available 2. To serve as a nucleus for research made the scene on FM, with our music about the Columbia Strike and Bust. This into the unique electronic needs of a and sometimes our words, but we had material is of tremendous importance radical movement, and to gather a cadre no way of reacbing out to other people. and should be distributed as widely as of engineers and technicians who would This has changed ".. in of all places, possible. Two Movement poets have al­ in turn train others in the communications Los Angeles. In the spring of 1967, KRLA, ready expressed a desire to read some arts. Examples of such needs are low­ top 40 rock station with the largest of their works onto tape. power radio stations, low-cost recording listening audience in California, was pur­ Tapes or discs will go to any inter­ facilities, a nation-wide net of ham radio chased by a man who was committed ested groups or persons, but we will or other short-wave communications and ' to vague left-lib politics, but also, to make a special effort to get as much news-distribution facilities, low-cost hi-fi decent radio. It started in June, when air time as possible on student-run cam­ and sound- reinforcing systems for Move­ the station gave $5000 to the ACLU pus radlo stations. The tapes could ment people and organizations. for an investigation of the June 23rd also be used as a focus for group dis­ 3. To provide a radical alternative police riot. A few months later, the cussion, as accompaniment to photo ex­ outlet for the skills and talents of people news reporting of the Vietnam War be­ hibits and slide shows, as sound tracks trained in broadcasting and allied fields, gan to take on a strong anti-war bias. for locally made films, or for playing and thus to act as an aid in o;:-ganizing Things have progressed since then. KRLA in parks or on street corners in a kind such people. has decided to tell all the news the way of "guerrilla audio" function. it is. 2. To encourage the development of Structure & Money Right now a typical newscast may con- similar operations in other parts of the sist of: 60 seconds on the head of the UCLA country. It is unrealistic, and very much The structure and funding of this oper- Resistance refusing induction, including a against our notions of decentralism, to • ation have still to be worked out. At lenghty quote from him. 45 seconds covering - have all material originate in New York. the outset, the decision- making structure Soviet propaganda on the Spock trial, in­ In particular, the emphasis will be on will follow the elegantly simple demo­ cluding quotation of a poem, "Iam Spock ... . audio materials produced on individual cratic model adopted by The Newsreel I incite people to love babies." Coverage . initiative or by local groups. This approach (a rotating committee of five members, amounting to a plug of the UFWOC state­ has worked well with films for The all of whom must be actively involved wide grape boycott. This is followed by Newsreel. A nation-wide network of dis­ in the project, in any capacity whatever). a short skit shOWing a man covertly buying tribution will be established to aid makers There will be a co-ordinator with clearly­ struck grapes through his "connection" .. of finished tape programs in circulating defined functions, who will probably sit, (They turn out to be mostly seeds and .. their works. on the commIttee without vote. ,;tems.) After this, a quote from George 3. To train New Left people in the Money will come in part from the Wallace, threatening to move the Capitol use of audio media (tape and film sound, sale or rental of taped programs to to Alabama (interspersed with the news­ radio). radio stations that can afford to pay. caster whistling a very shaky Dixie). It 4. To provide technical advice on the Quite a number of closed-circuit AM closes with local statistics: "People killed ...... construction and operation of low-power college radio stations, for example, sell in auto aCCidents, 0 . . . people injured,3. anti-Establishment community-run radio air time and thus have handsome operat­ People killed by gunfire, 1 . . . people , stations as a radical alternative to elec­ ing budgets. Funds for initial expenses wounded by gunfire, 5. Arrests for mari­ tronic mass media -- not juston campuses, will" be scrounged by the usual means. juana, 17. The forecast for tomorrow, hot, but in neighborhoods, housing projects, If we seek any big-money support, the with more of the same." ghettos. source of such funds will be very care­ We couldn't pay for a better news broad­ ,fully ()xamined. cast. This goes out 24 times a day to nearly Spread Th{' Word Dissemination of programs will prob­ a million young people. It goes a long way ,ably be done through campus activists • L towards making up for the shit in school The broad, overall objective of Radio who are in a better position to feel out and the rest of the media. The most radical Free People is of course to spread the mood and political climate of a cam­ thing about the whole affair, of course, is the Word. To quote from the initial pus station than are we here in New that this IS the news. Just tellingit like it is statement of The Newsreel, these mater­ York. We need Radio Free pushers (rep­ is ra6i.c.al. Black Power, ghetto rebellions, ials are aimed at " ...organizers in dif­ resentatives? 11.aisonniers?) on campuses. growing resistance to the U. S. imperialist ferent areas of work, university students, This is a Movement operation, and it adventures, all of this gives us a sense of ghetto groups, anti-war groups, hippie seems reasonable to enlist the aid of connection with our history. The news can ' organizations, all those who can use these Movement people. (We are by no means become a revolutionary primer if it will (tapes) in their work to increase the ruling out the possibility of feeding these only be told straight. KRIA has begun to do ' scope of activity and discussion. These programs to non-campus radio stations, ,this. The reaction h~s been typical. The (tapes) will be available to anyone. We such as the Pacifica FM stations and Federal Communications Commission has hope that their relevance will attract other non-commercial FM stations, and refused to renew their license. OCTOBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 7 STOP THE OLYMPICS! by Stanford Burns A' group of law students and legal pro­ can security police on the pretext of their fessionals from the United States have having participated in the student re­ "learned of the disgusting conditions in bellions occurring then, held incommuni­ Mexico and are determi ned, now, to do cado, harrassed and intimidated for four what the Mexicans accused us of". That days, and deported only after all twelve is, to help Mexican students organize went on a hunger strike. In addition, they a boycott of the Olympics planned there are prohibited from traveUng further in in October. Mexico under the threat of a ten-year Police in Mexico City have recently jail sentence. been proving themselves to be superior The U,S, Government has, of course, even to the Chicago pigs in paranoia, denied involvement, though a number of stupidity, and brutality. And while those facts expose any such claim as ridiculous. in Chicago only had a chance to really The Panthers had been tailed by U,S, show their stuff for a week during the agents from the time they left Los Angeles.' Hump's ludicrous Legitimation Rites, the The kidnappers had information on the Mexican cops are getting to demonstrate travelers, as was also the case last their machismo for months. They have March, which could only have been ob­ come down hard on recent student demon­ tained from U,S. agents. Efforts were strations in an effort to "clean up" the made to involve these people with the city before the tourists pour in for the Mexican student demonstrations, though Olympics. The result, predictably, has some had never been near them and other .<:: 'been an increase in the resistance. Slum Americans, who actually were involved rt.l dwellers, angry at the brutal attacks on though not going to Cuba, were left alone &! the students and the expenditure of huge at that time. amounts of money to make the tourists Those few U.S, citizens lucky enough ~ comfortable during the Olympics while to be granted permission by the state ~ 'their intolerable living conditions are Department to visit Cuba receive a long ignored, are reported to have begun join­ letter admonishing them, among other ing the students. things, to contact the SWiss embassy upon' , Typically, the cops have had to find their arrival there. Seems like the U.S.

HAYDEN Continued From Pg. 5

priority. That doesn~ mean going to the opening up as a result' of the system right or backing down or compromisingtc tightening. It is a result of our standing find allies to keep us alive, because that's on the edge of the jaw of Leviathan, So a form of survival in which you loose it's a complicated question: How to fight your identity. The problem is to fight for for survival and build a broader and survIval and fight in communities and broader movement at the same time. around campuses, taking to the streets, The opportunity is there and I don't think § e confronting the candidates when th'3Y come, it's ever been more real. I think that it ro confronting the military researchers on was made as real as it is by the action in G the campus, and all the rest of it. And at Chicago which helped to revolutionize the aJ the same time, we have to be turning our .>: mass movement and disillusion millions ~ voices toward people on the campusesand of people with the system as it is..... in communities who are looking for new answers, rather than turn our voices On August 28, 1963 the President wel­ toward our oppressors and petition them comed civil rights leaders and 250,000 for changes that they clearly won't give. people to Washington for a sort of joyous celebration. On August 28, 1968 we were gassed in front of the Conrad Hilton and someone to blame" for stirring up the is terribly concerned that one of its New Opportunities people -- how else could they be unhappy children might run into trouble in that both Kennedys were dead. The difference with their government? And, typically, nasty commie country, what with no U.S. The other side of this battle of survival between those two'things, although they're the goat is "outside agitators", "Commu­ embassy there. But somehow, when the is the opening up of tremendous new only five years apart, are too staggering nists" , "Cuban agents" and, most recently, U.S. embassy in Mexico City was called organizing opportunities. The other side to sort out and fully understand right now. even"Black Panther agents". about the dozen U.S. 'citizens being held of repression is the·neglect of needs. 1 think it could mean this: the movement This self-deception coupled with the illegally (Mexican law requires that they When they step on us, they take energy has shown its impressive numbersand has servility of the Mexican Government to should have been charged, released or away which could be used to cope with attempted to petition the authorities, and the U.S has allowed what are evidently deported within 72 hours) and being other people's problems. Tremendous new the authorities are giving no meaningful sho' nuff international conspirators -­ framed, they could only express sympathy. areas of neglect really open up which we concession on any front. Instead, theyhave probably the CIA -- to use the Mexicans After the call, the embassy wan't heard can speak to. People may not listen to us begun to use military means and token in its efforts to.prevent Americans from from. or they may listen to us and not hear, forms of legal repression to stop the traveling to Cuba, first "Free Territory The magnitude of the fighting in Mexico but we become increasinglythe only people movement in the streets•.• of the Americas". Whether the U.S. Gov­ City has been covered up in the Mexican who have political, economic, social or eTnment is really afraid of people"con­ press, not to mention th,e U.S. M(-Ji:ican human answers to the questions that are spiring" with the CUbans, or whether it Federal Troops and the National Guard increasingly going to confront the great simply wants to hide the truth about the have been used to control the students. masses of students, the great mass of revolution from the people here isn't Many students (some reports estimate middle class and professional people, the clear, though probably both have something as many as 60) have been killed and mass of poor and working people who by to do with the attempts to keep Americans some 1800 people are in jail. They are and large will suffer from the govern­ from traveling there and to certain other determined to stop the Olympics, and ment's marriage to the Vietnam war and countries. With the striking down of legal a widely supported student strike has been to the supression of Black people. barriers to travel to Cuba, the government called with demands of freedom to all There's no contradiction between mili­ has found it necessary to resort to other political prisoners, compensation to rela­ tant resistance and com munity organizing. methods. tives of students murdered by the pigs, One opens up the other. The one creates The first indication of its desperation dissolution' of the National Guard, firing the conditions in which the other can was the kidnapping last March of sIX of certain corrupt and brutal officials take place. That's what 1 was sayingabout travelers, including two of THE MOVE­ and annulment of that part of the Consti­ the vanguard and the rearguard not being MENT'S staff, before they could board tution which lim:.ts political activity. separated without causing troubles and a Cuba-bound plane in Mexico City. They Those American students who were dangers for ourselves. That's why it's were taken to the Texas bo.rder by a kidnapped were sent back to widely sepa­ important not to look down your nose number of unidentified conspirators (see rated parts of this country after their from the streets at the people who are THE MOVEMENT, May 1968) and dropped jailer discovered plans they were formu­ afraid to hit the streets. 8IJecifically I off. lating to call for a tourist boycott ofihe think this means that we have to deal with This was evidently the only suchoccur­ Olympics by Americans. People from the the fact that now the people with liberal rence until August, when the U.S. and East were flown back to the West coast, or lib-left leanings or left' inclinations fist button Mexico again conspired t() kidnap two and those from the West to the East really have no where to go. They have or South in an evident attempt to prevent m·:>re groups of travelers. BlackPanthers to decide whether it "really lfas been a 10~ each David Hilliard, George Murray and Landon their getting together after their return. children's crusade that they're on in minimum order-50 buttons Williams and two law students got a lesson It didn't work. search of marginal adjustment and social in U.S. and Mexican "justice" when they Support our brothers in Mexico 'and peace, or whether it is more than that. THE MALAMUTE TOWING were grabbed by ten men (some of them our right to visit Cuba by hitting the They have to decide if they're really CO. (A subsidiary of the white Amt~ricans) who flashed pistols conspirators where it hurts: inthe pockets after power and they're gonna wait till revolutionary s top g.a p as their only identification, and were of the capitalists and officials making '70 or '72 to "take power", or whether committee - an anti-pro­ im::rwdiately deported August 12. The next profits from the tourists and graft from their concern is the moral crisis. Some fit organization)" day twelve more law students and legal the money spent by the government to of them will go in the direction of peace professionals, on their way to Cuba to ready the city for them. If the Mexican and qiIiet and some of them will go in 743 Ashbury street, San study changes brought to the Cuban legal government manages to suppress the the direction of power ambitions and some Francisco, CA 94117 system by the r.evolution, instead received people and perpetrate the Olympics, they of them will be moving with their ex­ lessons in the U,S. and Mexican extra­ should take place before empty spectator perience towards more and more radical legal systems. They were seized by Mexi- stands.• posture just like the first new left in 1960 and 61 did after it lost its faith in the peace corps, Kennedy, and the Justice Department's actions in the south around civil rights. VOCATIONS FOR SOCIAL CHANGE Besides the McCarthy workers others will have to decide where they stand. The Folks looking for relevant work with existingorganizations can now get a directory concern of the lower echelons of the mass of many such groups which need help from a placement bureau set up in California media is a real one. Unrest in certain last Spring. A wide variety of listings, some paying and some not. sections of the trade unions is very real. For a list of the latest openings, write: I think that a lot of Black groups want to Vocations for Social Change corne out of their period of isolation and 2010 B Street make coalitions with s.erious and rele~-ant Hayward, California 94541 "white groups. All these opportunities are

PAGE 10 THE MOVEMENT OCTOBER, 1968 The New Left And The Army • Introduction: The movement often talks about taking are just as radical as the participants come around in their homes when they're but they don't join because they come off on passes. Help GIs in whatever a step into America. Too often, such talk is only talk, across like freak shows with abstract . actions they organize. Distribute papers and it is only recently that movement people have begun and irrelevant demands. A demonstra­ around airports, bus stations, bases and tion should be the kind of thing that any to GIs and vets they come in contact to consider and act seriously on their rhetoric. One key sympathetic bystander can step off the With. sidewalk and join, without having his area where this has begun is in and around the armed mind blown. Where Guys Are At forces, among the large section of working class people Fantasies THE MOVEMENT: Going back to con­ .who enlist or are drafted into the service of the masters ditions within the armed forces, how THE MOVEMENT: You mentioned fan­ would you summarize where guys are of war. Coffeehouses have' been set up for soldiers at tasies. Do you have any examples? at? VIG: Right. The other problem is that VGI: Guys are going through a lo~ bases around the country, various efforts have gone on the movement tends to over-romanticize of changes, especially after they get inside the military. One important contribution to this things, to maintain a lot of fantasies. over to Nam. The contradictions facing For instance, it's tough to relate to this country are blatantly exposed in work has been the "Vietnam GI", a monthly newspaper most combat vets with a romanticized the Army and the other branches. GIs which is distributed in the Army both at home andin view of the NLF, when the guy has seen don't know why they're fighting. At least a couple of buddies decapitated. the politicians and the brass can't give Vietnam. THE MOVEMENT talked to Jeff Sharlet and In addition, some people in the movement them any convincing reasons. Once they always seem to impose incredible and start to generalize about what they've Jim Wallihan, two members of the VGI staff. What they unreasonable demands upon GIs. Like been doing and why, then, if they can have to say about their work and the relation of the move­ asking, "When you were over in Viet­ avoid flippiIig out, they're ready to organ­ nam, why didn't you desert?" What can ize. Really ready, because their commit­ ment to their work speaks directly to several important a soldier say to that, except, ,. Man, ment has come out of intense and life­ you don't understand what it's like over threatening experiences. problems facing the movement, if it actually is to take there." The movemlmt has to relate at The continual intensification of the war, that ~tep into America: the level of actual experience and con­ the high casualty rates, guys coming back we hadn't received any hostile letters sciousness, not· on a pipe dream l.evel. talking to the guys about to go, all con­ THE MOVEMENT: Tell us a little about from enlisted men, although we got a Only then can it speak in relevant terms tribute. They hear talk about negotia­ "-Vietnam GI". few from the Army and from officers. to GIs about our common problems. tions and all that jive, all the candidates . VIETNAM GI: Last fall, a group of Viet­ But in May we received our first hostile Sometimes this whole intransigence to­ saying they're for peace -- but they're nam veterans and a couple of movement letter and since then we've received three ward soldiers goes so far as to say. still being told to fight. Those who face people decidHd that it was time to start or four more. The majority of the mail it learn quickly to distinguish false pro­ dealing with the military. We knew from is from guys in Nam, mostly line troops mises from their own experience.. experience that conditions in the armed in the Army and Marine Corps. We've .~ Now the guys who are in Vietnam or forces -- the crap that· goes down every been surprised by the Marine response, those who have been through it are not day -- plus the war and the fact that but then they're up front -- they face necessarily political, in the sense the thE' whole system is under attack added it every day and know what we're all movement uses that word. But most of up to a lot of GIs who were beginning about. The only difficulty is that w.e them are getting hip to where it's NOT to think about getting together both on can't contact most of the guys in Nam' at -- that's important, even if they're the inside and as vets. Guys begin to personally until they return to the states. not certain exactly where it IS at. They ask some serious questions when they What we think is the real acid test figure out that the businessmen, the poli­ find themselves in life or death situa­ for the paper is the response from guys ticians, the rightwingers, even a few tions they can't justify to themselves. in stateside hospitals who have been parents who talk about supporting the We felt that the vehicle of a news­ wounded, often badly. Ordinarily this tends boys are really just using them, keeping paper was the best way to begin, since to make men bitter, building hostility them over there. it could reach a large audience as well to those opposed to the war because THE MOVEMENT: A lot of these guys as provide information on events in the they've sacrificed an arm, a leg, a full must be pretty angry then? Army and establish contact with and' . life for it. The need to justify can be VGI: Right. And many guys are guys among GIs who were already politically pretty strong. But we've gotten a lot beginning to direct their anger in new active or who wanted to get into things. of letters from the hospitals, like one directions. The talk about killing peace In January we ran 10,000 copies and guy who wrote saying he dug the paper creeps when you get out, which was com­ since then we have increased the print­ and that he "lost a leg, for nothing." mon a couple of years ago, is definitely ing to 30,000 per month. We distribute THE MOVEMENT: What do you feel is declining. GIs are anticipating their dis­ to guys who write in, through individual the political and organizing importance charge and a few are talking clearly subscriptions to military addresses -­ of working in the military? about channeling that energy back home, appropriately disguised, of course -_ VGI: Well, first of all, it's the mili­ at the people who run the country; the and through GI distributors, as well as tary. And we all know the importance ones who are responsible for getting them through civilians who pass out the paper of that for the people who run America. sent there. It's the same thing Muhammad at bases, bus stations, and airports. And secondly, because the war has be­ sed, Ali said for black people -- "Our fight We also travel around to bases, rapp­ gun to increase the political conscious­ is at home." ing with guys, picking up stories, and ness of GIs and eX-GIs, and a lot of "Well, if they don't understa.ld :his, or helping in whatever way we can with them are moving towards the left, even won't do that ... then screw 'em." The what they have going on the inside. with no attempt to reach them on our movement can get itself in a corner Dealing With It part. The third thing is that working and wind up in a squeeze play. Because THE MOVEMENT: You said something Reach Who? with GIs, most of whom are working it can't make it without the people it earlier about guys flipping out. class, can help bridge the gap between might write-off in this way. .VGI: Yeah, there are quite a few guys THE MOVEMENT: Do you reach, or the experience of the movement and the THE MOVEMENT: What do you suggest, who have seen too much killing, too much try to reach, everybody in the armed experience of ordinary people in this then? crap, and aren't able to deal with it. forces or just particular sections? society -- the people we have to reach VIG: That even if many people in the That's been true in all wars to acertain VGI=-. We talk almost exclusively to en­ if the system is going to be changed. movement aren't ready to take the step extent, but there are a lot of guys who listed meri -- the guys on the bottom, of rolling up their sleeves and working are moving into the drug scene. Most the guys who catch' most of the crap Experience Gap among ordinary people, or of going into guys, when they get out, seem to just that comes down from the top of the the Army, the least they can do is pub­ want to live again for a few months, system. The EM are usually at the mercy THE MOVEMENT: Exactly what do you licize and prepare the country and the then they start moving into various things. of the -lifers" (caree.ists), the officers mean by bridging the - experience gap?" military for movement actions so that THE MOVEMENT: How are GIs dealing and NCOs. We're mainly reaching the VIG: Maybe it would be ~ good idea they are more comprehensible to the with their situation inside the m1l1tary? average GIs, as opposed to the few guys to explain just what the gap is, first. ordinary GI. People should talk real­ VGI: They're dealing with it in all sorts who are in the so-called elite units As it stands now the movement is most­ istically to soldiers, not shun them ..• of ways. Lots of guys are just looking like intelligence and the Green Beanies ly middle class, but the larger part of pick up GIhitchhikers, put UP guYS who for an out, taking individual actions like' (Special Forces). our generation is not. For the most You see, the mUitary is organized part, guys in the movement have spent like the class system in the civilian their tim e around campuses. But one society. The officers are the upper class of the most important experiences of and enlisted men make up the lower class. the larger part of the generation is in A~Truc In between are the NCOs -- the lifer the mUitary, usually in Vietnam. So that' s sergeants. The NCOs tend to come from Phuc- an important element in how people re­ minority and pOOr white backgrounds, Long Binh, RV:\ - The S:1-1th 2/30( its trucks deadlined and th~y're late to each other, one that most people TRA~S and the military oUers them more secur­ in the movement don't share. What's TRAi\S CO. 7th 13:\ (Orient S.omc big hrass coming' around your ity than they can get as civilians. It more, a lot of people in the movement Express) II~S in Iflt' process of pre· company area demanding explana. offers them a few benefits, a little status don't even understand it, much less share paring for un lC inspp(,tion, the fir~t tions from your good ole CO and and some authority -- the chance to it. So if the movement is serious about one in approximately 18 months ~ince .\Iotor SGT, Really puts them UJI give orders to somebody else. For the taking a step into America, it should most part' these guys have their heads their deploynll'nt 10 Vidnam. tight. . take that step into that part of the society True to form till' lifn~ began to After a treatment like this, you turned around. Their role in the service where a large part of our generation is to handle a lot of the petty adminis­ is. To do it, a lot of intransigent atti­ panic.:; they lkc.:irlrd 'he Dl needed don't have to worry about petty tration and harassment that the officers tudes and fantasies will have to be drop­ son\(' jlracticl' ~~ THE MOVEMENT: Sounds.~ood,and from most of which are scattered around the leeway than in Nam, although guys who what we've seen of the paper it sounds South and the East coast. So we're really haven' t been over usually haven't seen Racism like you talk the language. Now for the in need. the contradictions so clearly, or thought THE MOVEMENT: Could you give a couple big question -- how do you see, out of about them as seriously. your experience, the movement relating THE MOVEMENT: One last thing -­ of examples? to the Army? have you run up against a lot of harass­ VGI: Well, for instance we ran a story ment from the brass? Program &Organizing about a Military Police company. Eight VGI: Oh yeah, but we've found thatthere's THE MOVEMENT: How does the paper white and three black enlisted men went Bridge The Gap a lot of solidarity among guys in a tie in to all of this? What kind of program to the Inspector General (a sort of mili­ VGI: The movement must first begin platoon. They stick together and won't are you organizing around? tary ombudsman) about the blatant'racism to bridge that gap in experience, under­ rat on a buddy when the brass starts VGI: Well, we don't push a rigid program, of their officers'and se1'geants. It was standing, and communication that we talked calling guys in to fInd out where the like one, two, three and so on -- these an example of black and white guys getting about earlier·. This doesn't mean every-· papers are coming from. There have are the demands of GIs. We don't condemn together to demonstrate their solidarity one should run down to their nearest been cases where officers have given individual actions although there is a connecting their opposition to racism Army recruiter; but people should begin GIs direct orders (violation is a; court clear preference for collective actions. and their common antagonism toward to deal with their fantasies, get out of martial offense) not to distribute the paper We run articles about actions, often writ­ officers. the easy bag of fascist name calling and the guy's buddies have taken over ten by guys who are involved in them. We've run articles on riot control. and writing-off working class ,people. the distribution, backing him up. That Guys on other bases can pick up on the Black GIs are the ones most concerned The movement must project that the way we keep a few jumps ahead of the ideas and tactics if they are relevant about it, as the August action· at Ft. fight is right here at home. It should brass -- they eut off a distributor, an to their situation. Politically, we run a Hood demonstrated, but lots of white guys realize that a lot of GIs define the enemy organizer, and we pick up a couple more. lot of material on the oppressiveness are also uptight about it, especially since as well or better than many people in .Many returnees from Nam tend to be of the military system ff'''' the GIs who Chicago. The 6th Infantry Division at the movement. It should orient itself pretty gutsy and take a lot less crap. are impressed into it. We run articles Ft. Knox, a unit which was composed toward GIs and ordinary civilians in \ Nobody we know of has been hurt' on the war, who's responsible for it, largely of Nam returnees, was training its actions. Sitting around talking to our­ for distributing the paper yet. The cats and who does and doesn't benefit from it. for riot control. One group of men would selves doesn't make it. If the movement who do it are cool as hell. We got one On top of that we run a lot of stuff on play rioters, the others controllers. No­ wants to speak to most Americans, then letter from an officer in Nam who com­ what's going on politically within the body, black or white, was enthusiastic GIs should feel welcome within the move­ plained about not being able to find out system. We also run a lot of letters, about it ... among the enlisted men. ment. We should take that step into how to receive the paper from any of covering a whole spectrum of views. So the officers had to push them hard, America, and not try to for::e GIs and his men -- and we had a lot of papers What we're saying is that the war egg them on, and shove clubs in their everygody else to make the leap to where­ circulating in that unit, too. isn't in the interests of most Americans, backs to get "cooperation." There were ever the current movement fantasy is at. As far as the staff, which is almost especially the GIs who fight it, but that incidents when the enlisted men turned There are many support activities that entirely eX-GIs, goes, we've gotten a it's the responsibility of the corporations, around on the officers or NCOs and took can be begun for GIs, both in and ouf little harassment, but so far no major politicians, and military brass who run them on. This kind of thing can lead of the service. For example, publicity actions have been directed at us by the this country. In other w():,ds, instead to severe punishment -- so it showed and demonstrations for GIs who organize brass. It would be tough for them, given of tearing up Vietnam and Us people, the depth of bitterness that exists in actions and are under fire from the brass the base we've built up among GIs. Like we ought to be settling accounts with this area. A lot of guys who have been as a result. GIs face a stiff system of we know of several cases wI:ere it's been the cats who run America. over to Nam have got their heads straight penalties -- and its tough for them to soldiers who turned civilians onto the THE MOVEMENT: How dOllS the paper about it now. print their own leaflets., The mo-!e~e~~ paper for the first time. We get a lot handle the race question? Let's make it clear -- we're not saying of letters from guys who view it as "their can help in printingand distributin,g papers paper", which is the way it should be. like ours. People can leaflet· airports" bus stations, induction stations, and bases the ,initials stand f.o~ a coupl~ of LBJ's We reprint two articles, the cartoons, with papers. It can put up radical GIs, and photo from VIET GI on these pages. oldest and closcst Tcxas buddies ­ help them organize, especially by helping VIET GI operates on a financial shoestring oce JUIl(> 1968 VGf) are now bring radical Gis keep in touch with each other'. and needs financial support. Contributions Business inwstigated by a U.s. Scnate commit­ Another functio}:l for the movement might and correspondence should be sent to tec headed fJy Sen. Abraham Ribicoff. be the spreading of information· on care­ VIET GI, Box 9273, Chicago, I1linois 60690. The committec reported that these ful work and cluing guys i..lL0n the con· ~quandered sequences of actions that aren't going "!Jusi ness patriots" have to accomplish anything except get them ...... millions of dollars "bf'causc of ineffi­ screwed. Some GIs are naive in this Patriots cieney, dishonesty, corruption. and regard. And of course the defense Junc­ foolishncss." tions of providing publicity, lawyers, etc. are often important. In the long run, The war may he a bitch for the PAE ('mplov('cs, thc rcport says, guys \\ho fight it, but it can be a real the movement, strengthened by contact \\erf'. receivin~ kickbacks and buying with working class guys in the military, gas lor some of tht' big corporations. inferior materials at high!' .. prices. can join with them in developing a work­ At It'ast that's what Pacific Architects Sound a lot like ,h(' usual rackets back able perspective for more permanent and Engineers (PAE) must be think· home? organization. ing. -FfJr· thf·ir "art. LBJ's buddi{'~ at In 1965 PAE contracted with the IL\1K-BRJ mana{!.('(l to "lose" $120 Campus Vets Army to renovate the Grand Hotel in millif)n u'orlh oj malerials shipped to There is one key area in which almost \ha Trang for an estimated $208,000. t~1l' \am. r;ue~~ \\hl'l'{' that wl~nt! nothing has been done that offers great You sec, the brass wanted to use it 1~L1t th"'f' .guy" shouldn't sweat it. potential. There are now over half a as an HQ. they'w old "rrJ~ at thl' gamc. Tlwy'vt' million veterans on campuses: The move­ By the time PAE finished the job hf·f·n ;!l'ltill;! hU~I' "deft-n~e" contracts ment can help get these guys together they had raked in a cool million ,in(:(' hdon' \,:'()r1d \':'ar II and hav,· by distributing the paper to them and bucks! inv,·~ti;!at,·d ~hady-dealin;! setting up contaCts. As veterans their Iwl'f) for potentiaL is great, because of their ex­ In 1961 PAE took in a total of $13:i IJI"ilty ,A limes. And thl'y always perience and because of th e legitimacy million for maintaining physical faci, rnundW' to f;f,mf' fJlll on top, You se('. that goes with it. !IIf'.St~ lities and utiliti('s at Army installa­ j/flU k corporrll;·oll cats IlUi·c a The key immediate thing for us is 1);'IWfAIl)/. tions in the \am. lot oj rl'Iirl'd I)/'ass on thpir payrolls. money, so we'd better get in a plug. Active duty GIs can't contribute much on PAE and anothcr construction TI1I7 can afford to "support oar "¥au mean, when they talk about 1)IjY~." Il'.~ monl'}' in tlll'ir pock!'I.-. their saiaries. So we have to rely almost combine callcd In1K.BRJ (some of entirely on civilian contributions. It takes ending violence in the streets, a lot of bread to mail (lut thousands they don't m~an here?" THE MOVEMENT OCTOBER, 1968

TUNGSTEN WAR

by Jerry Densch

~~~~~~.~~.~.~~.~.~p _ by Chris Bergman- Why would a nation -- evenone possess­ ing such wealth and seemingly irrational For awhile before it was released, One thing that setS Eric Burdon .apart leaders as the United States -- want the news of the BeatIe's new record, from most of his fellow musicians is to blow 30 or 40 billion dollars, year "Revolution" held a lot of promise. After the fact that he's politically conscious after year, in a war for the control the Rolling Stone's recent single, "Street and not afraid to talk about it on his of a tiny country half way around the Fighting Men" and the Animal's "New records. He recently had a single en­ world? It hardly seems possible that even york 1963, America 1968", both discussed titled "Sky Pilot" which mainly des- Johnson and Rusk could believe the twaddle la'. ~r, one might expect a continuation · cribed the' futile role of the priest in and endless lunacy they spout about pro­ of this new and exciting political cons­ Niet Nam as he gives his empty words tecting "freedom- there. Why has this ciousness that has emerged out of the · to the soldiers about to do battle. The country been involved intryingto maintain music world from the BeatIes as well. song was banned in Burdon's native governments friendly to it in Southeast But no. They instead show, in admirable England and was number one here in Asia' for over twenty years, first by musical form, a naive, down-right stupid San Francisco. butressing the French Colonial Govern­ and limited understanding of what revo­ The group with him, the Animals, are ment of Indochina and, when that failed, lution means. "You say you want a revo­ all excellent musicians. Every sub­ becoming increasingly involved in a direct lution", they begin, "We all want to sequent album shows their development. occupation of Vietnam and CIA intrigue change the world". "But when you talk Their latest is their best to date. It's throughout the area? about destruction, brother you can count called, "Every One Of Us", and Burdon As he bumbled through his period as me out". So we must change the world, : 'has bever before put so much of his President, Eisenhower now and then let they suggest, without destruction and with~ political thinking out loud on an album. slip a valuable bit of information which out hate. The song is actually counter­ The first song, "White Houses", starts has been pretty much ignored by the revolutionary and is really a shame be­ by pointing out parallels in describing left -- probably because it was so rarely cause of the tremendous influence the this country. He starts by saying: "White that he said anything of relevance. One Beatles have on thousands ofyoung people. houses in neat little rows contrastiilg of these slips occurred a year before Many young people in this country know against the sky" and an opposite the Geneva Convention on Indochina, when better as the Beatles would if they were "Tumbled down black shacks over the he justified to Congress the expenditure hip to what kind of shit goes down with tracks, children so hungry, they could of 400 million on France's colonial war the cops in this country and if they cry." He says, "The TV's on, 10 O'clock there with the statement that it was to weren't buried behind their sea of bread. news, 10 channels all filled with lies." protect this country's source there of What the Beatles try to push with this And he goes on, "The chrome the steel tin and tungsten. song is the bourgeois, mass media image · the metal dream leaving the teepee Two men with backgrounds in mining of "revolution" that is becoming so popu­ · to rot, The escapist young mind left and political affairs, Terry Waters and lar a brainwash these days. The line, · behind saving dimes for communjtypot." William Winter, have done a great deal "But if you go carrying pictures of Chair­ And then the Chorus, "You better get of research on this subject. They have man Mao you're not gonna make it with straight". Now here's where a possible found what would seem to be irrefutable anyone anyhow" clearly shows their lack misunderstanding comes in. The word evidence that mineral wealth, specifically of understanding of the world situation · "straight" in this sense doesn't mean tungsten, is at least an important reason and of who the enemy is. The song "status quo American" as we often use for the long U. S. involvement in South­ is the Beatles first record on their own it, but rather he'S saying to America east Asia. label, "Apple". straighten up in the sense of get your­ Tungsten is a metal vital to bothindustry The Stones on the other hand, who from self together. and the military. Its hardness, durability t:te beginning have displayed a much more They recreate and revitalize the old and extremely high melting temperature nitty-gritty, down to earth approach than "St. James Infirmary" on the new' re- make it valuable for such things as high the Beatles both in their sound and in I lease. Burdon can really sing as evi­ speed cutting tools and armor plating. their public image, speak of revolution denced here as well as in a lot of his No doubt about it: the American military­ in a different tone. Their song on the old recordings, like "One Monkey Don't industrial complex needs it. subject, "Street Fighting 'Men", forcefully stop The Show" or "Gin House Blues" proclaims, among Othil1" thiDgs, "Thetime from earlier albums. I remember when is right for fighting in the streets, boys". I saw him and the group in person last U.S. Lacking and "The time is right for revolution." year and he was moving people to shout The U.S., the world's largest tungsten - Revolution in the real sense, this time. approval at certain lines and hollers throughout the performance. Since then consumer, now has little or no known The song is from the Stone's latest tungsten reserves outside of a (probably and as yet unreleased album, "Beggar's he's toned - down his vocal style just a bit and is now recording mostly origi­ huge) government stockpile. U.S.-mined Banquet"• Another song of interest on tungsten is of uncertain quality. Only 2% the album talks ofthe hard workingpeople, nal materiallHe and the group continue to lay down a- good solid sound. of the world's known reserves are in the the "Salt of the Earth" . Western hemisphere, mainly in Bolivia, America, 1968 Peru, Argentina and Brazil, where the entire future production was bought up Jeff Beck The last and longest cut on the album for the U.S. in 1940. Most of the govern­ (19 min.) is ~ntitled "New York 1963, ment stockpile, also obtained in 1940, America 1968," and is an extravaganza was gotten from the French colonial Jeff Beck, who like Eric Clapton is talking about the concept of freedom and government in Indochina and shipped out an· ex-Yardbird, has got his own group what it means. It's laid out in several about half a step in front of the Japanese. together and recorded an alBUm for parts. The first is the story' of how But whereisthat other 98% ofthe world's Epic entitled "Truth". It's really a fine -- B~rdon came to this country and how it reserves? Mostly in North Vietnam and album. The mu:;ic1ans are all top rate '"- "blew his mind". It says how when he Southern China. Not only are these the and produce that powerful English sound first arrived in the pouring rain he . largest known reserves, but the purest. who some at first listelling might call Jolin, wearing a fur jacteet goes to look at the Apollo theater in This gives these countries the potential merely "raw", but in fad is a'welcome . Harlem. Then he goes on to describe of tremendous industrial development at development fer realand gutful music. and one-piece suit, matees how he falls in love with a brown girl the same time the U.S. is possibly in :making. When asked in a recent inter­ litee a .modelt from the Bronx and explains how in danger (depending on how many wars it view why ,the name ~Truth" was picked TEEN LIFE the past he thought of the Negro as wants to carryon in the meantime and for the 'album, Beck explained, "Well his hero and leader and how he tried the size of that stockpile) of running there's two reasons. One is that there's to sound like him in his music. He out of one of the materials vital to the no fake recording techniques on it with Admitted George, talks about John Kennedy's death, how maintenace of its own industrial capacity. ,editing, backward playing tapes and such some cried about it and some "were Winter and Waters are trying to have .stuff as that. And it's another word. The frankly: "Our Apple firm grinning". Then he goes on about life a book on the subject published, but sofar

..... • __._. _~ _4 _" truth is usually applied to the blues. is dedicated to making in the village. That portion fades out no publisher will have anything to do with The Negroes call their music the truth it. Much of the information they hope to and we've taken the liberty pf using the money. We feel that by and the question is heard, "What did you do in the service?" and a black publish, however, may be found in an word." making money and being' interview done by the L.A. Free Press English musicians usually have-their voice answers by telling a little bit about his life and philosophiZing about (May 17, 1968) with Terry Waters, and roots in the very best of early blues successful in business, we the racial situation. in the July 15 and 22 issues of William and other Black music, and they some­ will have the power to Winter Comments (Box 817, sausalito, 'Urnes, as in Beck's case, add to it a The next portion is a musical master­ help other people. piece as well as a.l effective posing of Calif. 94965 for 250. .certain forceful rock sound originated If tungsten is in fact the reason for in England which American musicians a highly relevant argument. It starts by a _voice singing about the wonders the war, and Winter and Waters make only approach. a very ~ood case for it, including the. The vocals, done by Rod Stuwart, are of dilpe saying this is the answer and The Doors, who at one time were great, the way to be free. But soon another probable involvement of such people as distinctly Englishin flavor and may sound have run out. Their latest record, "Wait­ Lyndon Johnson, Dean Rusk,NelsonRock­ a little un-polished for some American voice starts to answer the first as it ing For The Sun", can be called at oest sings, saying, "I don't believe you" efeller and Eisenhower, the implications listeners. But it shouldn't take long to "pretty good" and while that's a positive could very well make any establishment acc_ept these styles, which may seem and "you'll never be free this way" appraisal, they are (or once were) capable and "straighten up and fly right". The publisher afraid to handle the book. For strange, and hear the soul in the music, of much more and the let down way the two voices build with the rhythm if the war is for the tungsten, and the with which it is over-flowing. is disappointing. tungsten is in North Vietnam and China, They do what Beck calls a 1968 ver­ and the instruments growing in intensity is really amazing and reminds me of where is the war going to end? • sion of "Old Man River" on the album Jim Morrison, the singer, is an ex­ and they really do this great old song citing singer but the lyrics have be­ the fact that a description such as this justice. Beck plays bass on this number come pretty empty. Every once in a is by no means a substitute for hearing '¥..hile there'll br a line or two that the record. The record speaks for it­ and guitar on all the others. II Blues Delux", the longest cut on the album rings a bell, .ike "The old get old, self with eloquence and musical ex­ (7:32) shows the amazing command the And the yoUII¥' get stronger, It may cellence. take a week, Or it may take longer. The one criticism applicable to the NEED MONEY? group has over the blues. The piano They've got the guns, But w.e've got song described above is that while it Be a sales representative for by Micky Hopkins is truly noteable. the numbers, Gonna win, Yeah we're poses this important question it doesn't a: Beck calls it one of the best blues takin' over", but it's buried in an other­ really give an answer to it. That's socio-politico-satirical new poster line. pianos ever recorded and that's being wise meaningless song. - up to the listener and just the pos in[; Ideal for individuals and organizations. only a trifle generous. The vocal on Musically the group leaves little to of the lluestion, since it's done so Write for complete poster profit kit: this one fits perfectly and Beck's guitar be desired. They're good musicians if well, is'enough to set people thinking GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, Box 427, on this cut and throughout the album a little repetitive. It's mainly the mat­ and to come l.!P with an answer for Wayzata, MN 55391 is the high point of the music. .",rial that's. I~ck1ng. . themselves. • PAGE 13 OCTOBER, 1968 . THE MOVEMENT Coffeehouse Crackdown BUT SOLDIERS ON THE MOVE by Donna Mickleson all, it wouldn't do to hold another hearing and enormous bail was tlfat the cityfathers On September 11, eight black GI's ap­ for a writ of habeas corpus and have are trying to padlock the Strut as a "public peared before a Pretrial Investigating Killeen officials made public fools of nuisance"• Their needs dovetail nicely Officer at Ft. Hood, Texas. They had twice. Not only might it be hard to get an indictment, but the Oleo Strut people with those of the Army, which would also been charged with dil:iobeying a lawful like the nationally-publicized outpost order to disperse, and hauled off to were doing everything possible to get national press coverage of their story. closed but lacks jurisdiction to act. Both the stockade along with some 35 other authorities are under public pressure black soldiers from a demonstration early Would Killeen come off looking any better than Ft. Hood under CBS lights? over the rampant drug scene at the post . on the morning of August 25th. All 43. and in the town. By pinning the coffee members of the First Armored Division house's manager with a drug. dealing (composed mostly of Vietnam vets finish­ Preventive Arrest charge, they would jointly eliminate a ing up their hitches),.were demonstrating City officials had several real if not trouble spot, avoid discussing the political to emphasize their refusal to serve in issues at stake, and win at least temp­ riot control at the Chicago convention. public reasons for holding Gould at such prohibitive bail for at least a week, orary respite from the clamor over drugs These eight had been singled out for by claiming they've licked" the problem the possibility of a General court­ and on one level anyway, it was irrelevant whether he ever came to trial or was at its source. Never mind the fact that martial, while most of the other 35 convicted. That was because Gould and soldiers can literally harvest marijuana would face a Special court-martial. (The the Oleo Strut staff were certain his out on the rifle ranges. The parallels former is more serious and carries stiffer arrest was partly to prevent him from with the ArmY's approach to the black penalties.) This hearing was ostensibly using a plane ticket to Chicago, where Gl's revolt and to the recent sentencing to weigh the evidence and determine First Armored Division troops were being of a Texas SNCC leader from a nearby whether their case rightfully merited sent for convention riot control. He was community to 30 years on a marijuana a General, and to clear the path for stopped, initially on a phony traffic viola­ charge, aren't too difficult to make. In setting a trial date. tion, the afternoon before the all-night fact, the very crudeness of the attempt demonstration by black GI's, but post has led attorney Bragg to believe that Optimistic officials knew that many blacks at the it can' t succeed in this instance even base were unenthusiastic about turning "Pohticians are always behind us ... here in this small, tight Texas' Army The men are being defended by Mike town. Kennedy of the Emergency Civil Liberties bayonets against their brothers. (On May 12,000 miles behind us." Committee in New York. Kennedy is 23rd of this year a "'mock riot" which Soldiers As Victims doubtless the top non-Army authority on was part of riot control training erupted military law in the country. He uses his into a melee in which thofle blacks A year ago, when I was first invited knowledge to defend Gl's who run afoul of the system, especially those with po­ to join Fred Gardner in opening the UFO litical or moral implications to their in Columbia, South Carolina, practically cases. Because both the press -- including everyone -- in and out of the movement-­ The New York Times -- and the public "This Demonstration Should Be Quashed" looked at us like we were crazy. This were barred from the hearing room, was 1967, not 1964, and people just weren't Kennedy was my source of information. thinking about moving into godforsaken He is somewhat optimistic that these (From Student Communications Network -- Berkeley) Southern towns at all -- let alone in eight might have their charges commuted Foliowing is a reprint of the original text, unclassifiea message received August. relation to soldiers. Very few people to the level of Special Court-martial, 28, 1968, at headquarters, USAF communications center. All details of the text had begun to look for ways to tell GI's if for no other reason than that the are exactly as originally transmitted. ' that opposition to the war also meant . various government witnesses don'tagree seeing our soldiers as prime vicitims• ------Almost no one had thought much about on the nature and content of the direct PERSONAL FOR: GENERAL McCONNELL (USAF CHIEF OF STAFF) FROM order they assert was given. GENERAL ESTES (CHIEF OF USAF MILITARY AIR COMMAND "MAC") breaking through to soldiers with infor­ Probably the more important underlying SUBJ: 2ND LIEUTENANT HUGH F. SMITH, FV3179560 mation, help, entertainment, camaraderie. reason, however, is that the case has I AM INFORMED THAT FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THIS MATTER HAVE Things have changed since then. The undeniable political overtones and signi­ BEEN DISCUSSED WITH YOU BY GENERAL MANSS AND CAPPUCCI AND THAT number of GI papers has grown from ficance, and the Army would not be THERE IS SECRETARIAL INTEREST. SMITH IS ORGANIZING A 'PEACE IN one to half a dozen, and the VIETNAM wise to set up a situation where these VIET-NAM' DEMONSTRATION FOR MEN IN UNIFORM TO TAKE PLACE IN SAN GI (which probably reaches more GI's things could come up for public scrutiny FRANCISCO. HE APPLIED FOR AND RECEIVED A PERMIT FOR A DEMON-· than any other, and is pitched to reach and mass media interpretation. Pentagon STRATION TO BE HELD ON 21 SEpAUGUST 1968 a greater and extent to put down campaign for the Senate. civil strife at home.. - Besides all this, there are various One tactic they will probably use is This shows that the brass are REALLY WORRIED about GI's expressing how groups talking about or trying to build to minimize the substantive issues and they feel about the war. Unless General McConnell acts on the request or if a policy servicemen's organizations around legal formal reprisals while getting at the statement should come down specifically barring the march, servicemen CAN support, programmatic demands, and the participants by bringing up other, lesser, legally march' in uniform. GP s from all over the country are encouraged to parti­ need for a sense of community to counter violations and infractions, meting out ciate. Some transportation funding is available for those who cannot pay, and th e isolation and fragmentation of mili­ the maximum penalties for those, and food and lodging will be provided for out of town participants by S.F. area people. tary life. Rennie Davis, who coordinated simply harrassing the men in an attempt CONTRIBUTIONS ARE URGENTLY NEEDED BY ANY AND ALL. send to: October 12 Summer of SUpport before the headquart­ to break down their morale. After all, March, 55 Colton Street, san Francisco. ers were recently moved to San Francisco, the Army's options aren't a lot broader In any case, GI's will be able to march in civilian clothes with clear denotation talks of organizing a National GI Week than those of cops anywhere, and they that they are in the military. to focus public attention and· concern tend to fall back on the familiar pattern The Ally News Servi~e on the plight and attitudes of soldiers. of roughing men up in the jailhouse where .p.O. Box 9276 He hopes that church groups and civic no one can watch and then hanging them Berkeley, California 94704 leaders all over the country will work legally for everything but what they've on a program to have GI's invited into really done. people's homes, hold inspections of Post designated "rioters" taunted the "cops" It provides a welcome oasis of human and stockade conditions, bring big-name Oleo Strut Bust a bit more realistically than commanders treatment, entertainment, and access to entertainers and otherwise put people While all this was going on out at intended, turning a real water cannon all sorts of information including under­ in touch with GI's. the Post, back in the nearby county seat on opposing troops as well as on nearby ground and GI newspapers. In an other­ of Belton, Josh GOUld, manager of the officers. Before it was over, there wa3_ wise dull and typically exploitative Army New Constituency Oleo Strut Coffee House in Killeen, was what one observer called a "total break­ town, soldiers have flocked to the Oleo being released after spendir.g eighteen down of command." (See the S. F. Express­ Strut -- especially those who dislike From my perspective as a fund-raiser the War and/or the Arm¥. And there days in jail on a trumped-up drug charge. Times, July 31, 1968.) No similar ma­ and coordinator on behalf of SOS and Based on .06 of a gram of marijuana neuvers have been scheduled since. are plenty of those at this base where after spending eight months in Columbia, which only one of three police on the In any case, Gould has good rapport most of the men saw first hand what S.C., I see varying amounts of value scene would swear in court was actually with a lot of the men, and Army officials was going on in Vietnam -- where many in these ways of relating the movement even found in Josh's car, he had been very likely feared that if he got in touch of them were wounded and some of their and the military. But all of them look held on $50,000 bail until September with First Armored troops up there, buddies killed. Official and unofficial like part of a healthy move in the direction 5th. That day a preliminary hearing was they might face at least lowered morale warnings and harrassment have not kept of breaking into one of the most important held, which city officials hoped would and possibly even mutiny before national them away; in fact, Oleo Strut staff potential constituencies as yet untapped turn up enough evidence for a grand jury television cameras. It fits in with their members say their clientele is growing in the country. indictment. Instead, the judge lowered usual "outside agitator" and "innocent daily despite the arrests of Gould and Anyone who would like to talk further, the bail to $15,000 before even hearing dupe" 'theories to believe that a white, several habitues over the past weeks, get more information, orthinks they might a word of testimony. And when the probably "communist", man, and not the usually on drug or drug-related charges. be interested in this kind of work (es­ bumbling,contradictory prosecution state­ conditions of the men's lives, would cause pecially the coffee houses or GI Week) ments were over, the frame-up 2ppeared trouble. PUBLIC NUISANCE is welcome to contact me in writing so blatant that within a few days bail or by phone. My address is 373 Green was further lowered to $2500, which en­ Oasis It should come as no surprise that an­ Street, San Francisco, California 94133. abled Josh's lawyer, Davis Bragg of Kil­ This coffee house is one of a string Telephone 434-1619•• leen, to sign for the $250 bond. After begun near Ft. Jackson early this spring. other major reason for Gould's arrest PAGE 14 THE MO\iEMENT OCTOBER, 1968 BERKElEY UND-ER SIEGE- Radical.. Communily Confused was deliberately a "political" one (the threatens the system of exploitation as by Bob Mandel question of the right to picket scab grapes we know it. The police are movingagainst at a local market) and it was deliberately the street people because the streetpeople away frQIII the heart of the fight, the are organizing things like the. abortive For ten days in early September Telegraph Avenue Avenue. The reasoning behind the nature boycott of avenue merchants designed to generate pressure to keep the cops off cont~nuous and place of the action was thai we had in Berkeley was in a state of seige. Convoys to show the liberals that the ban was the street. of cops maintained heavy and continual patrols, incons­ directed against"legitimate" political ac­ The Bank, the shooting and the bombing tion as opposed to ad'.::m by the street must be understood in the context of picuously with one man to a car during the day; ostent­ people on the Avenue. The next day the continued police harassment of the street. atiously, four helmeted cops to a car at night. The main press played up the presence of a few People are frustrated and angry. They "extremists" disrupting the meeting of see no end in sight to the daily police block of the Avenue had a minimum contingent of eight Berkeley's "legitimate" political lefties. occupation and so they responded. The The supermarket that was to be the violence was pl"obably not the work of cops on foot each night; the blocks closer to the campus, target of the p~cket line immediately an organized group, and it put the organi­ four each. People were continually hassled. Virtually agreed to remove the scab grapes from zed street people on the Avenue through its shelves probably on the theory that a whole series of changes. Up until the everyone who looked within ten years of 18 was stopped all the grapes they could sell in a week night of the shooting, Commune people for ID checks, ostensibly in a legal search for curfew would not pay for one plate glass window. talked about doing your own thing (in­ The rally was then moved to the city cluding terror) in small groups, under­ violators. People,were sporadically beaten and arreste~, hall. The police did their best to further ground. After the shooting some Commune the split in our community by not has­ people began talking about the need to mostly on minor charges. sling the"respectable" rally, only moving develop a sense of direction for street The armed patrols generally appeared as early as iI;! later to confiscate the sound equip-· people so that a few groups didn't in­ ment after it was over. advertently fuck everyone over by throwing 5:30, two and a half hours before the anti-loitering pro­ What the rally proved was not that bombs. I don't mean to depict the organ- clamation .was effective, and the street was generally empty of all but the oblivious by 7:30. Berkeley was a police state and Berk- around, reminiscing about the good old eley radicals didn't know what to do days at €lie end of June, talking about about it. The inability and unwillingness fighting cops, but not really wanting to. of the Berkeley left to challenge the Thi~ was due to the combination of people situation reveals some basic splits in feelmg fir,st that the events that brought the community which must be openly the cops down on us were wrong and discussed and dealt with. second that it made no sense to challenge . The state of civil disa.ster was imposed th~ massive show of police force by by the city government after a series gomg into the streets. .of incidents over the Labor Day weekend. o A rally called to p:"otest police action Divide &Conquer ~ in Chicago and police harassment of the Po< street people here ended quietly enough. The obvious confusion of the radical Occupation" Retaliation left groups. Unfortunately, because the them COUldn't care less what the final "political" action was, and proved it by :s By Saturday night the street was occu­ administration position spoke to many of the doubts that people on the left had" staying home Friday night. At most 400 pied by cops from every Bay Area commu- people showed up. - nity. In apparent retaliation somebody we bit hook, line and sinker. This despite ized street people as a unified and dir:': the fact that on the avenue the cops exploded a bomb on Sunday night at a Lack of Understanding ected group -- they do "do their own nearby commercial construction site. The were making no distinction between "ex­ thing." But the shift in attitude is there.. bank, the shooting and the bomb were tremists" and anybody else with long The inability of the left to respond Saturday, a group of unaffiliated po­ hair, beads, beards or any other of our to the crisis reveals a great lack of all the excuse the city needed to impose life-style symbols. . litical people and a group of Commune civil disaster. understanding of the nature of our"com­ street people circulated telling people The radical community did not react The left was unable even to organize munity". Many movement people care­ a meeting until four days after the proc­ to cool it, to organize, not to give the because of the nature of the violence fully distinguish between themselves (po­ police an excuse. The significance of over the Labor Day weekend. Most of lamation. It took an additional day to liticos) and the street people on the the Saturday action was that it showed mount a direct challenge to the ban. the people present at the rally thought Avenue. This despite the fact that· the that where political people are willing At the meeting the division and confusion the attack on the bank was stupid and hip street people have created a life­ to take street people on their own terms, , a pointless provocation and assumed that within our community was exacerbated style which we participate in, identify by the open disruption by the Up Against and to identify with the street subculture the bombing Sunday was done by the same with and are proud of. It is the music rather than disavowing it or using it for the Wall/Motherfucker's during the early of the street culture which is ours; group of"extremists". Because of legiti­ part of .the discussion. A suggestion to predetermined political ends, apotentlally mate political differences with the "ter­ the drugs they discovered which many It march on city hall directly from the effective alliance can be built. ap­ rorists':, Berkeley's, organized radical of us use; and the modes of dress and parently happened in Chicago. meeting, in violation of the ban, was the alienation which we share. What hap­ groups (YSA, lSC, PFP, SDS) did not defeated mainly for practical reasons. 'This alliance could very well be cri­ immediately react to the police seizure pened in Berkeley during those ten days tical, both in the short and the long run. The practical.reason consisting of more is the result of this dichotomy plus a The politicos who' organized the city of the streets. In fact, the belief that than 300 cops stationed in the area around offensive violence ("terrorism") at this residue of unresolved problems arising hall-grape strike picket line did not ad­ the city hall. Most people thought a march from the June days. dress themselves to the continued pre­ stage of the game would actually alienate after the meeting WOUld. be suicidal. The many potential recruits for the movement There is greatantagonism on the Avenue sence of the police on the street. Berk­ Motherfuckers' behavior had convinced toward politicos, and particularly toward eley is going to be plagued through the (students and McCarthy liberals) caused almost everybody that a march that night many individual politicos to openly de­ the YSA, because the streetpeople believe fall by sporadic street incidents and, would inevitably end in a bloody con­ the politicos manipulate them. This charge like it or not, the radical community is nounce and disavow the "extremists". frontation. Some people were also in­ derives specifically from the post-July 4 going to have to relate to this. If we Berkeley's mass movement, which does fluenced by the fact that the Huey Newton not belong to any of the groups specifi­ situation. The people who hang out on. choose to ignore the street and its people jury was in its second day of deliberation the avenue (predominantly young kids then we will be ignoring many of the cally, but which will follow any of them and the defense attorneys advised that when they seem to come up with a ration­ who are deep into the drug culture) young people we would like to politicize. al program, was confused by the lack street action at that point could have feel that the politicos caused the June The drug scene and its entire subculture of a clea.rly articulated response by the detrimental effects on the verdict. days by calling a political rally; did is the thing that is happening at high organized radicals. So everyone sat When we finally chose an action it a little street fighting; and after pro­ schools all over the Bay Ar9a. The claiming a • political" victory on the first step most kids take out of the 4th (the right to assemble and use the system is into drugs and rock music. . street in our own ways) withdrew leaving If we deny this subculture, by denying the street people to take the heat from it its turf; Telegraph Avenue, then we the cops. Two hundred people have been simply can't expect people to dig us busted on the Avenue since July 4th because we are denying their (and parts on the whole range of charges the cops of our own) lifestyle• .use to harass the youth SUbculture. Pres­ ence of cops on the street, uniformed If we c@ose to respond to the Av­ and plainclothes, has increased tremen­ enue, the n the alliance between political douSly. street people and hip political people will continue to grow. This suggests that a political priority for Berkeley Street Organizing for the fall is police control. Not just ­ It is critical to understand that- the in the black ghetto but in the white one cops have moved into the area not just as well. If we wish to be able to take because of the July insurrection but be­ the offensive on political issues of ou;' cause the street people, thanks to the d'.v11 choosing then we must deny the lessons they learned during the street city establishment the ability to create .... war, are beginning 'to organize. The Berk­ defensive turf fights by invadJng the ...o eley Commune and the dozen or so other h. venue whenever they wish to divert Berkeley communes are very political us from offensive political activities. ~ groups. They identify pot,speed, panhand­ Police control petitions and police con­ a:i ling, loitering as political questions be­ trol patrols are a pressing matter of ;>, business. It just may be that the ques­ Ql cause each of these is a form of the ... new lifestyle which alienated American tion of police control may move from :::: a holding or defensive action into the ....,Ql kids are choosing as their alternative to the system we live in. The Commune start of a political offensive based on the strength of an alliance between po­ .Bo says that the cops move against the street .c: liticos and street people.• ~o. people not because of the specific abuses but because the whole lifestyle completely OCTOEER 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 15 Continued from Page 8

But the man who stopped this Panther The Huey case and especially the ver­ COP car was a policeman known in West dict handed down have done much to expose Oakland for his insolent. racist manner. the worst in the system- against which we According to Heanes Huey had given are struggling. Faced with a clear choice officer Frey false information when he 'between justiceand injustice;'truth and lies was stopped and asked for the regis­ the jury was unable to make a decision. tration of the car. Huey was drivinga Instead responding to the pressures of a CAUGHT car registered in the name of his girl­ racist society they arrived at a "compro­ friend LaVerne Williams. " . mise" which in reality was a capitulation . Heanes and Frey returned to the Volk­ to that very racism. Had this case not been swagen in which Huey and Gene McKinney a "political" case the jury would have de­ were sitting. Their idea, he explained, liberated for no more than an hour or so was to separate Huey from his passenger and then come back with a verdict of not in order to question him to "find out guilty on any of the counts. CONVICTED why he had given contradictory informa­ But since the case was a politcal one; tion". Heanes was supposed to question since it challenged the whole structure of On August 20th, Richard Nuccio, Chi­ the unidentified passenger, but he didn't. Black-White relations in this country a cago cop, went to trial for murder. The Instead, he watched and followed after "compromise" was arrived at, just when case was heard by Circuit Court Judge Frey as he walked Huey back to the what was needed was a crushing blow Richard Fitzgerald. Nuccio waved, his . rear of the two patrol cars. (Garry against those very relationsaItd the society right to a jury trial. Many speculated later asked Heanes why he had beenwatch­ that breeds them. on why he preferred that the case be ing them instead of questioning the pas­ That "compromise" if not reversed on heared by a judge, rather than a jury. senger. Since Heanes had said everything appeal means 15 years in a state prison Most people guessed that it was easier was clam, and he wasn't expecting Huey for Huey. 15 years for lio crime. When a and safer to buy off a judge than jury to do anything, Garry asked if he weren't man is accused of first degree murder members. The $25,000 that Nuccio paid expecting officer Grey to do something. and faces the death penalty, there is a to a suspect lawyer added wight to this Heanes' answer was, "Not necessarily". great tendency to feel happy and relieved theory. Rumor had it that his lawyer According to Heanes, what happened next when the decision eliminates this possi­ was out on bond for having rigged evi­ was' that he heard shots coming from the bility. THE MOVEMENT HAS NOTHING dence in a previous case. direction of Frey and Huey, he believed. TO REJOICE ABOUT We are not happy : During the course of the trial, this­ He assumed Huey was shooting, and drew about this decision. Huey is in .jail be­ lawyer made every, effort to rattle the his gun. cause he is one of the foremost leaders young people appearing as prosecution Then , he Said, he spottedthe passenger and organizers of Black people and the witnesses. He shouted, asked conflicting out of the corner of his eye. McKinney Black liberation struggle in the country questions, dragged out past records with was standingon the sidewalk.,...Heanes would today. There is no other reason. Every maximum fanfair, and generally grilled have us believe that McKinney raised his minute that he is in jail is an injustice. many of them' for over an hour. fie hands, saying he wasn't armed and Every minute he is in jail is a victory was not, however, able to shake their wouldn't harm.Heanes, and thrlt a white for the enemy. FREE HUEYI testimony. They told of Nelson's being policeman BELIEVED a Black man. Not Karen Wald shot in the back, from 70-90 feet, while any Black man, but the passenger in the Lincoln Bergman running, with no warning' or reason, by car of the leader and minister of defense Joe Blum a pol~ceman who had told Nelson and of tbe Black Panther Party. a friend over a year before that he was ,going to kill them. Heanes turned back to Frey and Huey, Three patrolmen were introduced as ignoring McKinney, received a gunshot defense witnesses, but their testimony wound in his right arm, whicb he had was weak and contradictory. On August raised with his pistol in his hands. He PRISONERS 29, the judge had to say: "There is fired one shot whicb be beleived hit Huey. something in the soul which cries out But Huey did not fall, and Heanes claims against the sacrifice of a 19 year old not to remember tbe next events, including PRISONERS FAST TO FREE HUEY- boy on the altar of deterrence." Re­ firing more shots and receiving more jecting Nuccio's p1ea of self-defense, wounds. On Monday, August 26, when Huey he found him guilty of murder, and set Maybe Heanes did recall more tban he Newton took the stand for the second sentencing for October 11. , admitted. Something prompted him to be day in his trial for the accused murder The reaction of the police department honest about one point throughout -- be of an Oakland policeman, he was greeted to the news that they were employing never saw a gun in Huey's hands. Is with demonstrations of support inside and a convicted murderer (Nuccio had only it possible that Heanes saw more tban he outside the courthouse. been transferred, not suspended or fired, admits -- saw Frey 'sboot Huey, and While a thousand demonstrators chanted when indicted), was to consider a 30 saw someone else shoot Frey, while and picketed outside, Huey's fellow in­ day suspension. willing or persuaded to go along with mates at the Alameda County jail got to The local community newspaper sug­ the story that Huey did the shooting, did mates at the Alameda County jail got gested that there be a re-trial. They he feel enough tinge of guilt, or fear, together to carry out their own action. advised that the judge, upright man thougb or both, to keep him from uttering the The following note was passed among he was, could not but have been moved SNCC HARRASSMENT final lie? the inmates: by unfavorable comments about the Chi­ Henry Grier was willing to give the "WE WILL FREE HUEY DAY" cago police force coming out of their total lie to the story. If Heanes had MONDAY AUGUST 26 conduct during' the Democratic Conven­ been willing to tell that lie instead, the monday, august 26 tion. prosecution wouldn't have had to rely ALAMEDA COUNTY JAIL Clearly, these two community insti­ on a melodramatic, self-contradictory tutions were not overly impressed with treachery to create the fiction of a gun ALL BROTHERS: the verdict. There would not have been . S~CC International Affairs Commission in Huey's hand.. What made Heanes tell In view of the political circumstances any action at all against Nuccio if it the truth on this one point? in relation to our brother "The Honor­ had been left up to them. Justice was Phil Hutchings, National Program sec­ able Huey P. Newton", Minister of De­ done only because neigbborhood people, retary of the student NonViolent Coordi­ fense of the Black Panther Party, we and expecially youth, were strong, and nating Committee and John Wilson, Nation­ What It All Means are appealing to all inmates for your unrelenting in their demand for it. Tbe" al Deputy Chairman of the National Black complete co-operation and observance of youtb recognize this. One establisbment Anti-War Anti-Draft Union, along with a restricted discipline and orderly dem­ type put it this way: "Yer just a bunch Charles Cohen, SNCC representative, and Among the countless important aspects onstration." of kids-hoods-Punks, Go borne". four members of the Black Liberators of this trial two key ones stand out at The n~te then went on to outline the Sound familiar? It's not so anymore were arrested in st. Louis on Sept, 7th. this time. One pertains to the movement plans for the 'day, which included re­ in Lakeview. Overnight, we've gone from Tbey were arrested- after leaving a and one pertains to the system against fusing to eat all day, observing only kids to youth, from punks to young ci­ meeting in which SNCC leaders had spoken which we struggle. .. official business" such as court dates, tizens. Sure there's a lot of people who'd to more than five_hundred people. Hutch­ Many in the movement have had a ro­ not making any unnecessary noises, no still like to think we're nothing, and ings, Wilson, Coben, and the four being mantic view of the Huey case since its game playing, and no jeeringatthe guards. they'll probably go right on thinking that. held by police were charged with unlaw­ first days. Many of US believed that Huey . The message emphasized that this was Meanwhile though we've shown Lake view ful assembly. Tbe Police declared the either killed a cop in self-defense or as "not a prelude to a 'riot' or any other and all of Chicago what we can do when meeting unlawful. As of 4 PM (EST) sept. an act of aggressive violence..against the disturbance", and termed it instead "a organized. 8th, the seven were still being held. One oppressor. What the trial proves beyond day of fasting and meditation." Inmates We saw one of our own murdered. of the at~orneys representing the group a reasonable doubt is that Huey Newton is were encouraged to behave responsibly We saw the community take sides. We said it was "obviously a jive charge". not in jail because he felt there was a and follow all rules. were called innocent kids. We were called AND UP TO THIS TIME NO WARRANT need to wipe out the invading force of po­ The message concluded: gangsters. Many of us were harrassed, HAS YET BEEN ISSUED. lice in the ghetto and one day began by "In observing this proposal, we are threatened, and beaten, but they couldn't Hutching's and Wilson's - trip to st. shooting some. He is not there because contributing to the instant liberation 01 break us. , Louis was in response to a request he defended himself from a police attack the oppressed Black People in the Ameri­ We've read about justice for a long by local people for SNCC to address itself and came out the victor. He is there can society. time in text books, and we know we to the problems of black people in the simply because the policeman who tried were right, and justice was on our side st. Louis community. We in SNCC's Power to the Peopl~ to gun him down was not successful in BLACK POWER TOALLBLACKPEOPLE by any definition of the word. We found International Affair's office see the arrest murdering him. out being right and haVing justice in of Hutchings, Wilson, Cohen and the others Huey did not have a gun and did not Sheriff Madigan confirmed that the pris­ our corner is not alwyas that important. as a continuation of the pattern of police fire one that night. This is not to say oners did in fact go on a hunger strike "RIGHT or WRONG you obey a police­ harrassment of all those involved in the that he would not have fired back in but would not elaborate. man" com.:nander Fahey shouted at the liberation struggle throughout the nation. self-defense if he had had the opportunity. Inmates reported that what began with public hearing July 22nd. The crowd We cannot help but note the cases of It is not to say that he wouldn't have a small numr-e!' of Black prisoners at cried -- NO! H. Rap Brown, Cleveland Sellers, and the been totally justified in doing so. But breakfast spr';~,· to all of the inmates, fact that last week more than forty SNCC Many of us sat long hours in a hot the events did not unfold in that way, and Black and "!'1i1;e, by the noontime meal, stuffy court room day after day. We people were arrested in Texas. This is Huey today owes his life to forces or per­ which is the ain meal of the day. obviously but another chapter in the efforts knew we were telling the truth, and sons outside of himself. The movement Prisone! Ii j up for meals in an the evidence was on our side, but we of local, state, and national government must be very clear that we are defending orderlY fa. ,O!}, ut refused to take any still felt we were fighting a losing bat­ to silence SNCC representatives and to Huey in this case not because he killed ~. food. Worr , j; an guards hast ~hang- punish them for exercising their guaran­ tle, for many of us had come to re­ cop but despite the fact that he did not. ed the u,d J, ,ding the SPp( treat teed right of freedom of speech. cognize the power structure and the fact The Panthers have used this case tf' of fruit COl :ct ;• ;till no one d eat. that"kids" had no part in it. After conferring with many of our educate and organize in both the Blac" When Pi {~r: 1ly learned in the friends and supporters throughout the On August 29th Richard Nuccio was and the White communities. In the Blac day the!; C': -f the dem-ation, convicted in what Judge Fitzgerald termed nation we demand the immediate release community the stress has been on seli­ they appe, "'..ed. Since ~mon- of those being held and that charges the hardest dec.ision he ever had to defense and the need to organize to struggle stration ~ " -,- "'ly and . l 'd all be dropped immediately. make. Justice reigned, and there were for national liberation. In the White com­ prisoner ,I. c pc lty action , :aken.

Our contact in St, Louis noted that n tears of joy and disbelief that day. munity the stress has been on exposingthe And H Jo ';.'¥ " sat on tb, t d with early this morning, black people had Through working together, we gained depth of white racism in our society and the know' II f' ".t he had tt" ( '11plete begun to gather outside the jail. If trouble recognition, respect, and power in Lake­ encouraging Whites to organize for their support 0, •.\ hl. c f. 'low inmate::;. view. Shall we stop here? • arises as a result of these arrests the liberation from this same system. Huey responsibility lies fUlly with the' police. has, always placed this struggle far above from THE J \""1'. .r'ANTHER 1'.0. BOX department of st. Louis and responsible his own life and this is the true political 8641 - Eme~ J ille Branch, Oakland, Cal­ City officials. • significance of his case for our movement, ifornia 94608. PAGE 16 THE MOVEMENT OCTOBER, 1968

operations, how to use the wall' papers, publicity, the internal communication sys­ tem the Mob1l1zation established, trans­ portation, etc. Without this complicated understanding people spent much of their time learning how to survive in the city. Mostly, however, the shortcomings of the Movement Centers were the short­ comings of anything complex that is being tried for the first time. The Movement Centers more than anything else kept people together and gave them a way to concentrate on the problems of sur­ vival. And survival was the key problem in Cllicago. Many.of the Centers did no more than to provide people with a place to eat and crash as well as offering physical and emotional shelter from what was going on in the streets. But it was things like this that enabled people to survive and carryon the action. Real Street Leadership Had the city responded less fasc1sticly, failures of initiative would have been more obvious and seriOUS, but as it was, .<:: keeping people alive and together was f/} exactly where energy had to be directed. rE Most of the real street leadership in Chicago came out of the Movement Cen­ ters and more than anything else the J..., Centers kept morale high. Finally, some (; important initiatives did come out of the more organized Centers -- e.g. the SDS :8 wall paper which spoke very effectively Po< to what people were experiencing or the PFP organized support of the wildcat the level of political discussion and edu­ transit strike that went on during the cation. Convention. CO·GllDlfaTING Of course, things worked differently Despite the diversity of groups running than planned. Very few of the Movement centers (Committee of Returned Volun­ Centers were prepared to exercise much teers, SDS, Vets for Peace, Resistance, initiative in Chicago. Only a few local People Against Racism, N. Y. Parade Com· demonstrations focusetl on political tar­ mittee), the level of sectarianism in Chi­ INTHE SIREns gets scattered around the city (e.g. Draft cago was almost zero. This was due Boards, M1l1tary installations, Dow and largely to the tremendous unifying force by Paul Potter activities and communicate that to thou­ other corporate war contractors etc.) of events, but even if that had been sands (potentially tensof thousands.) of materialized. Nor did the Centers ini­ less true the structured legitimacy for Although they received absolutely no people around the city. This was partic­ tiate much guer1lla theatre, leafletting diversity that the Movement Centers rep­ publicity in the mass media, one of the ularly true when it was assumed that or civil disobedience of any sort. They resented pretty well eliminated the need most important links :in the success of tactics would have to change from day simply lacked enough internal organization for people to claw one another for the protests at the Democratic Convent­ to day in response to events (read: po­ and fam1l1arity with Chicago to move a scrap of the pie or the credit. lt ion was the operation of thirty-five Move­ lice). effectively. The centers themselves were was almost the only occasion that I ment Centers. Working out of churches, Furthermore there was general agree­ scattered throughout the city whereas can recall when the broad anti-war coa­ the offices of friendly organizations and ment that even if the Mobilization could the people were concentrated first in lition that most people agree should exist a couple of unions, the Movement Centers dictate strategy it shouldn't. One of the Lincloln Park and later in Grant Park. actually worked together happily. provided a principle organizational focus things we wanted to demonstrate in Chi­ Recruiting people to relate to a Center There is no doubt that if we had it for a large number of people in Chi­ cago (to ourselves as well as the world) or some action it was organizing meant to do all over again we could do it cago. Perhaps as many as one thousand was the political diversity and richness going into the parks and talking to them, much better and more effectively. To people considered themselves Movement of our Movement; its ability to share leafletting and using the two wall papers begin with, organizations should not be Center staff and several thousand others and pursue simple objectives without turn­ that were cirCUlating for pUblicity. But reluctant to run Movement Centers. That w'~re living in the Centers and working ing itself into a machine or a monolith. most centers weren't prepared to do would allow us to thoroughly familiarize closely with them. The idea as it developed called for this. people from each Movement Center with The idea of Movement Centers develop­ inviting a number of organizations, re­ Partly the Mobilization failed to do the logistics of the city and the internal ed early in June in response to two gional groups and issue-oriented con­ an early enough, or thorough enough organization of the Mob1l1zation -- e.g., problems. First it seemed impossible stituencies to set up Centers in the job of working with the people who were how to use our internal communication to tell how many and what kind of people city. The Centers would provide a way putting the centers together, although system. It woul d allow us to initiate would show up in Chicago. Most people fo r people to sort themselves out in we were hindered by the fact that so much in advance a more thoroughgoing thought there would be an enormous num­ Chicago, take initiative in numerous small many groups waited until the last minute discussion of strategy and tactics for ber of McCarthy supporters who would actions organized through the Centers, to come in. We needed a nucleus of each Movement Center. That in itself try to push McCarthy over the top with and pro,vide the Mobilization with a flex­ people from each Center who were thor­ is reason ('lough to hope that Chicago gigantic street demonstl'.ations. But it also ible strategy and intelligence me::hanism. oughly familiar with the areas we were represents the beginning of a new kind seemed possible that as military prepa­ For example a resistance person coming concentrating in; our legal and medical of mass action in this country. • rations received more publicity and to Chicago would naturally gravitate to McCarthy's defeat seemed inescapable one of the resistance centers. An SDSer that a smaller though far more militant to one of the SDS centers. The idea group of people would come to Chicago. was to allow people to locate themselves These and other possibilities made it in a place where they would feel po­ necessary to have a flexible way of litically at home. The hope was that [iIAnT POSTERS! approaching the situation as it developed. this would reduce sectarian tensions and Had the overwhelming majority of people allow for more work to take place. in Chicago been McCarthy supporters As a staff operation and a locus of (22 X 28 inches ). the Movement Centers could easily·have activity we wanted each Movement Center worked as a radical caucus operation to be involved in evaluating what was designed to reach and recruit them. But happening day by day and through a MALCOLM X as the situation developed we were able coordinating com mittee of Movement Cen­ to use the ;vlovement Centers as staging ters we hoped to be able to gather a areas for action and strategic coordin­ lot of information on what was happening $1.00 EACH. ation. and then to knit that into an overview of what should' be done. This would be ONLY .751/: Decentralization a much more effective way of keeping to Movem~ent'b Second, a four day action as diverse track of things than to let a steering subSCrl crs . and complicated as the one called for committee made up of persons with bur­ Chicago made the decentralization of ini­ eaucratic responsibilities dictate the plan­ tiative and responsibility an absolute ning • necessity. There was no way for the In addition the Movement Centers as Mubilization Steering Committee and its politically more compatible and coherent staff to plan the details of each day's groups tha n the Mobilization could raise .SPECIAL BULK RATES ~ *SUBSCRIBE TO THE MOVEMENTI'

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