Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(6): 901-908

E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Four new species of the subfamily Phaoniinae JEZS 2017; 5(6): 901-908 © 2017 JEZS (Diptera: Muscidae) from Bulgaria Received: 01-09-2017 Accepted: 02-10-2017 Eberhard Zielke Eberhard Zielke Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Abstract Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Four new species of the subfamily Phaoniinae, Helina dabovetsa spec. nov., Helina rilae spec. nov., Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Helina siutkae spec. nov and Phaonia sandanskii spec. nov., are described. All specimens originate from Bulgaria Bulgaria and were collected between 1963 and 1969. All four species are distinguished from similar species of the corresponding genus by a unique combination of characteristic morphological markings.

Keywords: Bulgaria, Muscidae, Helina, Phaonia, new species, comparison, similar species

Introduction Investigation of non-identified material in the Muscidae collection of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia conducted since April 2014, revealed three new species of the genus Helina Robineau-Desvoidy 1830

and one new species of Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830. The specimens were collected in Bulgaria between 1963 and 1969 by the late Valentin Lavčiev. Two species originate from the large area of the Rhodope Mountains and one each from the Pirin Mountains and Rila Mountains respectively. Each one of the species differs unambiguously from other similar species by a typical combination of several taxonomic characters. The species are described

below as Helina dabovetsa spec. nov., Helina rilae spec. nov., Helina siutkae spec. nov. and Phaonia sandanskii spec. nov. respectively.

Material and Methods For identification of the flies primarily the keys to the Muscidae of the Palaearctic Region by [1] Hennig and additionally the keys to the Muscidae of Central Europe published by Gregor at [2, 3] al. were used. External morphological features of the specimens were examined using a ZEISS Stemi 2000-C stereomicroscope. For the investigation of male terminalia the end of the abdomen was removed and placed in 10% KOH solution for about three hours at room temperature. It was

washed, transferred to glycerine and dissected. After examination the terminalia were stored in a microvial containing glycerine. The microvial was pinned directly underneath the associated specimen. For illustrations an AxioCam ERc5s camera and for further processing Helicon Focus 6 and Adobe Photoshop CS2 were applied. Standard terminologies are used for the description. Body length was measured in millimeters (mm).

The type material of the described species is located in the entomological collection of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia.

Results Helina dabovetsa spec. nov. (Fig. 1 + 2)

Material examined: Male holotype, the specimen is lacking the left mid leg and some major setae, however determination and description of the species was not impaired. Three male paratypes, each one with one or two absent legs and some lacking setae. The locality labels of all types read: "Rodopi Mts., Dabovez, 18.6.1969, leg. W. Lavtschiev". Two other males from Correspondence the same locality with their heads separately mounted on the staging pin. One of the two Eberhard Zielke Institute of Biodiversity and specimens was marked with a small piece of paper which contained the handwritten note "H. Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian punctata" without naming identifier and date of identification. Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Description: Head. Ground-colour dark, densely dusted. Eyes virtually bare, only with very Bulgaria few scattered tiny hairs. ~ 901 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Shortest distance between eyes slightly broader than twice the and a pair of paramedian longitudinal stripes, darker than the diameter of anterior ocellus. Fronto-orbital plate at level of surrounding dark area and depending on point of view anterior ocellus about as wide as diameter of anterior ocellus, reaching up to the third dorsocentral setae. Lateral surface at anterior margin about half width of postpedicel. Fronto- between supra-alar setae and basis of wing with a large dark orbital plates touching above midway of frons; upper part of brown patch. The narrow area between the lateral brown frontal vitta below anterior ocellus narrowly, and lower half patch and the transversal band and the dorsal surface of broadly triangular shaped. Parafacial midway slightly broader posterior part of scutum uniformly grey dusted, thus -when than half the width of postpedicel. In profile upper mouth viewing from behind- the scutum is divided in three margin about in line with profrons. Genal depth below lowest differently coloured areas: a whitish-grey presutural part, a eye-margin barely half the width of postpedicel. When brown or dark middle part and a dull grey posterior part. viewed from the anterior, frontal vitta dark with little grey Scutellum laterally with a large brown or dark patch on each dust, fronto-orbital plate predominantly shining silvery white, side, both patches usually connected by a brownish basal face whitish-grey with shining silvery-white parafacial, gena transverse band not as broad as length of patches, remaining and post-occipital surface greyish-white. Basal antennal posterior surface of scutellum dull grey except the yellowish- segments and basal part of postpedicel up to insertion of arista grey apex and lateral sides. Pleura predominantly dark and yellow, distal part of postpedicel dark brown. Postpedicel uniformly greyish dusted. Anterior and posterior spiracle about 2.5 times as long as broad and barely twice as long as yellowish. Scutum with setulose ground-hair about as long as pedicel. Arista slightly longer than twice the length of width of postpedicel, pleura partly with longer hairs. postpedicel; longest aristal hairs about as long as width of Dorsocentrals 2+3, anterior presutural dorsocentral barely half postpedicel. Lower half of fronto-orbital plate with about as long as the posterior one; acrostichals 0 + 1; anterior eight inclinate frontal setae, the posterior ones somewhat notopleural setae stronger than posterior one, notopleuron shorter, at most one or two interstitial hairs between the with some setulose hairs close to posterior notopleural seta; frontal setae. Parafacial bare. Vibrissal setae long and strong, prealar seta barely distinguishable from surrounding hairs; 2 longest surrounding peristomal setae barely half as long as intra-alar setae. Prosternum, proepimeral area, anepimeron, vibrissals. Lower margin of gena and post-occipital surface katepimeron and meron bare. Katepisternals 2+2; covered with short dark setulose hairs. Proboscis short, labella anepisternum with about 3 long setae at upper half of not very broad, mentum brown, somewhat shining with little posterior margin and 1 strong seta near to lower posterior grey dust. Palpus brown with the extreme basis yellowish, margin, between upper and lower setae shorter interstitial slender and about as long as mentum. hairs. Scutellum with a strong apical and a strong lateral seta, basal seta distinctly shorter, subapical seta weak, lateral and ventral surfaces bare. Wing. Membrane hyaline with a yellowish-brownish tinge; cross-veins very weakly infuscated. Tegula and basicosta yellow, veins brownish; costal spine not conspicuous. Radial node and vein R4+5 dorsally and ventrally bare. Vein M1 straight, slightly diverging from vein R4+5. Cross-vein r-m slightly basal from the point where vein R1 enters costa; distal cross-vein dm-cu slightly oblique and sinuous. Calypters predominantly whitish transparent with yellowish tinge and margin, lower calypter about 1.5 times as long as upper calypter. Haltere entirely yellow. Legs including coxae and trochanters yellow, except femora which might be more or less brownish darkened, tarsomeres contrasting black. Pulvilli and claws of fore legs at least twice as long as those of mid and hind legs and longer than the tarsomere they are inserted on. Fore femur with complete rows of strong posterodorsal and posteroventral setae, about as long as depth of femur. Fore tibia without median posterior

Fig 1: Helina dabovetsa spec. nov.: male holotype, lateral view (bar seta. Mid femur at basal half with a row of anterior setae = 1 mm). about half as long as depth of femur and with three or four distinct ventral setae slightly longer than the anterior setae, Thorax. Ground-colour predominantly dark, depending on preapically one weak anterodorsal seta and two to three strong point of view more or less densely dusted. When viewed from posteriors or posterodorsals. Mid tibia with two or three behind, presutural part of scutum densely greyish-white posterior setae about as long as diameter of tibia. Hind coxa dusted with an irregularly shaped dark patch behind the bare on posterior surface. Hind femur with a complete row of posthumeral seta at level of presutural dorsocentral seta and a strong anterodorsals and a complete row of anteroventrals, the pair of paramedian dark longitudinal vittae inside the rows of distal setae long and the basal ones very short but distinct; dorsocentral setae not reaching transverse suture. Postpronotal preapically two or three stronger posterodorsal setae. Hind calli with strong yellowish tinge and greyish dust. tibia with one or two anterodorsal setae about as long as Postsuturally, anterior part of scutum with a broad, brown or diameter of tibia and more distally one anteroventral seta, no dark transverse band, covering approximately the surface posterodorsal seta at basal half. between suture and intra-alar setae of each side, the posterior Abdomen. Ground-colour predominantly translucent yellow, margin of the brown band runs - depending on the point of tergite 5 and in some specimens also distal half of tergite 4 view- between the first and third post-dorsocentral setae. The darkened. When viewed from behind abdomen densely white dark transverse band at certain points of view with a median dusted. Tergites 1+2 to 4 with a median brown stripe not

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reaching the distal margin of the corresponding tergite. margin. Syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 with strong marginal Tergites 3 and 4 each one with a submedian pair of large setae laterally; sternite 4 and 5 each one with complete rows brownish, usually somehow trapeziform patches, the patches of strong discal and marginal setae. Sternite 1 small and bare; of tergite 3 larger than those of tergite 4. Tergite 5 more sternites 1 to 4 yellow, sternite 5 predominantly brownish. greyish dusted and if the tergite is not strongly darkened, with Male genitalia. See Figure 2. a submedian pair of small brown round spots near to the distal

Fig 2: Helina dabovetsa spec. nov.: male terminalia ( 2 A: cercal plate (= C), 2 B: surstylus (= S), bar = 0.2 mm).

Measurements. Length of body about 7.2 mm; length of wing Description: Head. Ground-colour dark. Eyes with scattered about 8 mm. Female not known. tiny hairs. Shortest distance between eyes about equal to diameter of anterior ocellus. Fronto-orbital plate at narrowest Etymology. The name of the new species "dabovetsa" is a distance between eyes about half as broad as anterior ocellus. female adjective and derives from "Dabovez" (=Dabovets), Fronto-orbital plates touching midway over a length of about the locality where the species was collected. one third of frons, lower and upper third of frons with triangular frontal vitta. Parafacial at middle barely half as Diagnosis. H. dabovetsa runs in the keys of Hennig [1] and of broad as width of postpedicel. In profile upper mouth margin Gregor et al. [2, 3] to Helina clara (Meigen, 1826) and Helina about in line with profrons. Genal depth below lowest eye- sexmaculata (Preyssler, 1791) (= Helina punctata Robineau- margin about the width of postpedicel. In dorsal view ocellar Desvoidy, 1830)[4]. The morphological characters of both tubercle and frontal vitta black, fronto-orbital plate brownish- species are very similar to those of Helina almeriensis (Strobl, grey dusted; when viewed from the anterior, fronto-orbital 1906) recorded from few European countries only and which plate and parafacial depending on angle of light silvery-white is not considered in the keys mentioned above. The scutum of pruinose or dark brown, gena greyish-white pruinose; from each of the three species is predominantly greyish dusted and lateral view gena and occipital surface dull dark grey. not conspicuously divided into differently coloured areas. H. Postpedicel 2.5 times as long as broad and about twice as long sexmaculata and H. almeriensis are marked with two and H. as pedicel. All antennal segments dark. Arista 2.2 times as clara has three well separated brown patches behind the long as length of postpedicel; at basal third dorsal hairs of transverse suture, and they all have usually an isolated brown arista more than twice as long as the ventral ones, length of patch on each side of scutellum. The fronto-orbital plates are longest hairs about half the width of postpedicel. Ocellar setae separated at least by a line-shaped frontal vitta; notopleura of strong. Fronto-orbital plate all over the length with inclinate H. clara and H. almeriensis are bare, H. sexmaculata has frontal setae, anterior ones distinctly stronger than posterior occasionally a small setula close to the posterior notopleural setae, last posterior setae small, reclinate and not far from seta, more often only on one side of the thorax. The dorsal ocellar triangle. Parafacial bare. Vibrissal setae well surface of scutum of H. dabovetsa is conspicuously divided developed, longest surrounding peristomal setae about half as into three differently coloured transverse areas of which the long as vibrissals. Lower margin of gena, post-genal and post- section at middle corresponds to the dark transverse band occipital surfaces covered with dark setulose hairs. Proboscis behind the suture. The dark lateral patches of scutellum are brown, short and stout with broad labella, mentum greyish usually connected by a brownish transverse band at the basis dusted. Palpus brown slightly dilated at tip and at least as long of scutellum. Fronto-orbital plates of H. dabovetsa are as mentum. touching and all specimens examined had on both sides close Thorax. Ground-colour shining dark with some dust. When to the posterior notopleural setae some small setulae. viewed from very behind scutum grey dusted with a weak brownish tinge, a pair of narrow dark brown paramedian Helina rilae spec. nov. (Fig. 3 +4) vittae inside along the dorsocentral setae from neck reaching Material examined: Male holotype, left fore tarsomeres and almost the third postsutural dorsocentral setae; outside the right mid leg as well as few strong setae are lacking. The row of presutural dorsocentrals a nearly triangular-shaped locality label of the specimen contains following information: dark patch between dorsocentrals, posthumeral and presutural "BG: Cemkovo, 1.800 m, 16.6.1968, Lavchiev". setae, continued postsuturally as dark stripe between ~ 903 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

dorsocentral and intra-alar setae, reaching fourth dorsocentral veins directly at basis conspicuously yellowish (Fig. 3), seta. Scutellum shining dark and greyish dusted without fixed otherwise brown. Costal spine not conspicuous, barely three pattern but with shifting dark spots. Pleura dark, grey dusted. times as long as surrounding bristles. Radial node ventrally Anterior and posterior spiracles yellowish-brown. Scutum haired. Vein M1 straight, diverging from vein R4+5. uniformly and some pleura densely covered with hairs, almost Crossvein r-m basal from the point where vein R1 enters as long as length of postpedicel on scutum and partly longer costa, distal crossvein dm-cu slightly oblique and sinuous. on pleura. Dorsocentral setae 2 + 4; acrostichals 0+1; Calypters distinctively yellow transparent, lower calypter notopleuron with few setulose hairs surrounding posterior almost 1.5 times as long as upper calypter. Halter entirely notopleural seta, anterior notopleural seta slightly longer than yellow. posterior one; prealar seta at least as long as anterior Legs predominantly dark, at certain light angle mid and hind notopleural seta; two intra-alar setae. Prosternum, proepimeral tibiae brighter, almost yellowish-brown. Pulvilli and claws area, anepimeron, meron and katepimeron bare. well developed but shorter than length of the tarsomeres they Katepisternum covered with some fine long hairs and with are inserted on. Hind coxa bare on the posterior surface. Fore 2+2 katepisternal setae, the lower anterior one only slightly femur with complete rows of strong posteroventrals and stronger than the ground hair. Anepisternum with fine hairs, posterodorsals, all setae about as long as or longer than depth at posterior margin with a row of long setae varying in length of femur. Fore tibia without median posterior seta. Mid femur and strength and with several interstitial hairs. Scutellum with at basal half densely covered on anterior and ventral surface long apical and lateral setae, basal and preapical setae with setulose hairs and with almost complete but irregular distinctly shorter; lateral surface and ventral surface bare. rows of anterodorsal, anteroventral and posteroventral setae, with elongated setae in basal half and distinctly shorter ones at distal half, preapically three strong posterior or posterodorsal setae and two shorter anterodorsals. Mid tibia with three strong posterior setae longer than the diameter of tibia. Hind femur with complete rows of anterodorsal, anteroventral and posteroventral setae, anterodorsals longer than and anteroventrals about as long as depth of femur, posteroventrals in basal half almost as long as and in distal half much shorter than depth of femur; preapically two posterior or posterodorsal setae and one anterior seta. Hind tibia without posterodorsal seta but with two strong anterodorsal and two or three anteroventral setae. Abdomen broad and parallel-sided. Ground-colour dark, shining, depending on light angle more or less greyish dusted with a yellowish tinge, but without patches. When viewed from behind tergites with a densely dusted dorsal surface and a narrow median black stripe (Fig. 4), slightly dilated at the posterior margin of tergite 3 and only weakly developed on tergite 5. Posterior half of syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 laterally with some long marginal setae, tergite 4 with a Fig 3: Helina rilae spec. nov.: male holotype, dorsal view of thorax complete row of long marginals and laterally with few long and yellowish base of wing-veins (bar = 1 mm). discal setae, tergite 5 with complete rows of longs discals and marginals. Sternites dark with little greyish dust; sternite 1 bare. Male genitalia. Hypopygium not very pronounced. The species is distinctly distinguished from similar species of the genus by morphological characters, the identification does not depend on comparison of characters of terminalia. Therefore it has been refrained from extracting the genitalia to avoid inflicting damage on the only hitherto available specimen of this new species. Measurements. Length of body about 8.2 mm; length of wing about 8 mm. Female not known.

Etymology. The name of the new species "rilae" is a noun in the genitive case and derives, from "Rila Mts.", where the fly had been collected.

Diagnosis. The male of Helina rilae does not run in Hennig's key [1] to Helina males to a certain species but it leads to Fig 4: Helina rilae spec. nov.: male holotype, abdomen in posterior couplet 16: "Arista pubescent; katepisternals 1+2; usually 3 view (bar = 1 mm). postsutural dorsocentrals" or alternatively to couplet 25: "

Arista plumose; katepisternals 2+2; usually 4 postsutural

dorsocentrals", and similarly in the keys of Gregor at al. [3] to Wing. Membrane hyaline with a brownish tinge, crossveins couplet 15: not infuscated. Tegula and basicosta dark brown to black, ~ 904 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

" Arista pubescent; katepisternals 1+2...... 16 Thorax. Ground-colour predominantly dark grey. Scutum and - Arista plumose; katepisternals 2+2...... 19". scutellum densely greyish dusted without dark pattern. Pleura H. rilae with a pubescent arista, 2+2 katepisternals and 4 predominantly grey. Anterior spiracle greyish-white, postsutural dorsocentrals does not match with one of these conspicuously small; posterior spiracles brownish. Ground combinations. Consequently it does also not match with one hair of scutum short setulose about as long as width of of the species which are marked with a combination of postpedicel, some parts of pleura with longer hairs. characters as described in the couplets of the keys. However, Dorsocentral setae 2 + 3; acrostichals 0 + 0, the longest H. rilae can be incorporated for example in the latest key [3] to postsutural acrostichal hairs about twice as long as ground Helina males as follows: hair; notopleuron without additional small hairs, 2 notopleural 15. Arista pubescent...... 15a setae, anterior one slightly longer than posterior seta; prealar - Arista plumose;...... 19 seta not much longer than ground hair; 2 intra-alar setae. (see Gregor et al. [3] to continue) Prosternum, proepimeral area, anepimeron, meron and 15a) Katepisternals 2+2; notopleuron posteriorly with few katepimeron bare. Katepisternum covered with some fine setulae; pre-alar seta distinctly longer than posterior ground-hair and with 2+2 katepisternal setae, surface between notopleuron; abdomen without paired patches, at most with a fore coxa and mid coxa with a median vertical row of about median vitta; calypter predominantly three strong setae. Anepisternum at posterior margin with a yellowish...... Helina rilae spec. nov. row of approximately five long setae varying in length and - Katepisternals 1+2; notopleuron without setulae; pre-alar strength. Scutellum with long apical and long lateral seta seta shorter than posterior seta; abdomen with distinct paired only, preapical and basal lateral seta not distinguishable from patches; calypter predominantly whitish...... (see Gregor surrounding hairs; lateral surface with setulae; ventral surface et al. [3] to continue). bare. In case that the lower anterior katepisternal seta is not recognized as such due to its rather short length H. rilae runs for example in the keys of Gregor et al. [3] to Helina vicina (Czerny, 1900). This species has predominantly yellow legs and is characterized by paired spots on the abdominal tergites. The base of wing veins is not conspicuously yellow. H. rilae however is marked by predominantly dark legs, a median stripe on the tergites and yellow base of wing veins.

Helina siutkae spec. nov. (Fig. 5 + 6) Material examined: Male holotype with the locality label: "Rodopi Mts., x. Siutka, 14.8.1963, W. Lavtschiev".

Description. Head. Ground-colour blackish-grey. Eyes bare. Shortest distance between eye-margins about 3.3 times the width of postpedicel. Width of fronto-orbital plate at level of anterior orbital seta about as broad as diameter of anterior ocellus. Frontal vitta almost parallel shaped and nearly twice as broad as the distance between outer margins of posterior

ocelli. Frontal triangle reaching anterior orbital seta. Parafacial at middle about half as broad as width of Fig 5: Helina siutkae spec. nov.: male holotype, lateral view (bar = 1 postpedicel. In profile facial edge in level of profrons. Genal mm). depth below lowest eye-margin approximately twice the width of postpedicel. When viewed from the anterior, frontal vitta, fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena dull black and depending on light angle more or less greyish dusted, parafacial slightly white pruinose; from the dorsal point of view fronto-orbital plate grey dusted, frontal vitta dark black. Basal antennal segments predominantly brownish, distal third of pedicel yellowish, in conspicuous contrast to blackish postpedicel. Postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as broad and twice as long as pedicel. Arista approximately twice as long as length of postpedicel, longest arista-hairs about 1.3 times as long as width of postpedicel. Ocellar setae strong and long. Fig 6: Helina siutkae spec. nov.: male holotype, costal spine and Fronto-orbital plate with two distinct reclinate orbital setae veins of wing (bar = 0.5 mm) and about two pairs of strong frontal setae and with two pairs of weaker interstitial setae on the lower half of frons, Wing. Membrane greyish hyaline, surrounding membrane of additionally on lower third one or two very small setulae. cross-veins very weakly infuscated. Tegula and basicosta Parafacial bare. Vibrissal setae more than twice as long as yellowish, veins of basal third of wing yellowish getting more longest peristomal setae. Haired part of gena, post-genal and brownish distally. Costal spine conspicuously long, longer post-occipital surface covered with black setulose hair. than half the length of cross-vein dm-cu (Fig. 6). Radial node Proboscis slender, but not very long, labella not very broad. dorsally and ventrally bare. Vein M straight, almost parallel Mentum brown and slightly dusted. Palpus slender, brown, with vein R4+5. Cross-vein r-m slightly apical of the point about as long as mentum. where vein R1 enters costa, distal cross-vein dm-cu almost

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straight and in a right angle to vein M. Calypters whitish marked with a pair of very large brown patches and a brown transparent with a very weak yellowish tinge, lower calypter median stripe. Sternite 5 apically haired and with two or three about 1,5 times as long as upper calypter. Haltere entirely rather long setae on each side. yellow. The frons of H. siutkae is not as broad as an eye and pedicel is Legs. Coxae, trochanters and femora predominantly dark, distally marked with a contrasting yellow margin. Scutum is tibiae all yellow, tarsomeres dark (Fig. 5). Claws and pulvilli uniformly grey dusted without any dark markings, acrostichal about as long as the tarsomeres they are inserted on. Posterior and pre-alar setae are barely distinguishable from short surface of hind coxa bare. Fore femur dark with contrasting ground hair. Hind femur without posteroventrals at middle narrow yellow apex, rows of posterodorsals and and there is no pattern on abdominal tergites. Sternite 5 posteroventrals complete, setae at least as long as depth of conspicuously marked with one dominating strong seta on femur. Fore tibia halfway with one anterodorsal seta, not each side of the apical margin. longer than diameter of tibia at level of insertion, and one Using the very recently published keys [3] to muscid species, long posteroventral seta, at least twice as long as diameter of which however are limited to the species of Central Europe tibia. Mid femur at distal fourth or third yellow, with a only and therefore do not include H. atlantica, the characters complete row of ventral setae of which those of basal half at of H. siutkae lead to Helina obtusipennis (Fallén, 1823). least as long as depth of femur, setae of distal half distinctly Among other markings the two species are distinguished by shorter than depth of femur, preapically one anterior and two the black tibiae and two or three anterodorsal setae of the mid posterior or posterodorsal setae. Mid tibia with two posterior tibia of H. obtusipennis whereas H. siutkae is characterized by setae, distinctly longer than diameter of tibia. Hind femur at yellow tibiae and anterodorsal setae of mid tibia are lacking. about distal fifth or sixth yellow, with complete rows of anterodorsals about equal in length, and anteroventrals of Phaonia sandanskii spec. nov. (Fig. 7) varying length with the strongest setae apically, apical third Material examined: Female holotype, left tip of wing, left with a row of short, posteroventral setulose hairs, preapically front leg, right fore tarsomeres and left mid tarsomeres 3-5 are one anterior and two posterior or dorsal setae. Hind tibia with absent, some setae and some aristal hairs are lacking. two anterodorsals longer than twice the diameter of tibia and Irrespective of these shortcomings the specimen is distinctly two anteroventrals, of which one at least as long as twice and differentiated from the hitherto known species of Phaonia. the other one only about as long as the diameter of tibia, The locality label reads: "BG: Sandanski 3.11.1965, leg. W. posterodorsal setae absent. Lavchiev". Abdomen. Ground-colour grey, slightly shining. Tergite 3 with a pair of small round brown patches, weakly developed; Description: Head. Ground-colour dark. Eyes sparsely but tergite 4 only at certain points of view with a barely visible distinctly short-haired. Shortest distance between eye-margins tinge of small patches. Tergites 3 laterally with long marginal more than four times the width of postpedicel. Fronto-orbital setae, tergite 4 with a complete row of long marginals and plate at narrowest part barely as wide as distance between tergite 5 with transverse rows of long discals and long outer margins of posterior ocelli. Frontal vitta with two short marginals. All long marginal and discal setae on dorsal crossed interfrontal setae, width of vitta at level of surface of tergites with dark dots at bases. Sternites grey; interfrontals about three times the distance between outer sternite 1 bare, sternite 5 apically on each side of margin with margins of posterior ocelli. Parafacial midway barely as broad one conspicuous seta, strong, stout and slightly curved. as width of postpedicel. In profile facial edge in level of Male genitalia: Hypopygium and sternite 5 distinctly profrons. Genal depth below lowest eye-margin about twice pronounced. To avoid damage of the only available specimen the width of postpedicel. From the anterior point of view of this new species, extraction of the genitalia has not been frontal vitta dark and weakly greyish dusted, fronto-orbital undertaken. The species is clearly distinguished by plate, parafacial and anterior part of gena dark with dense morphological characters from similar species. The greyish-white pruinosity, haired areas such as the lower half identification does not depend on comparison of characters of of gena, post-genal and post-occipital surface more grey. male terminalia. Basal antennal segments yellow, postpedicel with a narrow, Measurements. Length of body about 4.4 mm, length of wing yellow basal ring and yellow inner surface of basal half, 4.3 mm. Female unknown. remaining surface dark brown with some grey dust, about 2.5 times as long as broad and almost twice as long as pedicel. Etymology. The species is named after Mount Siutka from Arista about twice as long as length of postpedicel, longest the Rhodope Mountains, the locality where the specimen was arista-hairs about as long as width of postpedicel. Fronto- collected. orbital plate with one pair of strong reclinate orbital setae at the level of anterior ocellus, about five pairs of strong frontal Diagnosis. The species runs in the keys to the Muscidae of setae and few weaker interstitial setae almost all over the the Palaearctic Region [1] (p. 151 and 1075) to couplet 55a length of fronto-orbital plate, and surface of fronto-orbital with Helina atlantica (Tiensuu, 1939), which is recorded from plate from orbital seta down to the anterior frontal seta with Madeira [5] only. Both species have some characters in small setulae. Parafacial bare. Vibrissal setae distinctly common but they are distinguished by following markings: stronger and longer than the strongest ones of the surrounding The frons of H. atlantica is about as broad as an eye, antennae setae. Lower half of gena covered with short setulose hairs, are uniformly dark. Scutum is dusted and distinctly marked post-genal and post-occipital surface with longer hairs. with four longitudinal dark stripes. There is one pair of Proboscis short and very stout with broad labella. Mentum prescutellar acrostichal setae, about half as long as the brown and pale dusted. Palpus yellow, slender, about as long dorsocentral setae and the pre-alar seta is longer than half the as mentum. length of posterior notopleural seta. Hind femur on middle Thorax. Ground-colour dark with some grey dust. Scutum third at least with one posteroventral seta almost as long as from the dorsal point of view black, densely dusted anteriorly, the depth of femur. Each one of abdominal tergites 3 to 5 a pair of short dark paramedian vittae inside the rows of

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presutural dorsocentrals, not reaching transverse suture, complete row of posterior bristles, the distal ones stronger outside the row of presutural dorsocentrals a triangular- than the basal setae. Fore tibia at middle with a posterior seta shaped dark patch between dorsocentrals, posthumeral and longer than the diameter of tibia, at about same level a presutural setae. Postsutural part of scutum with two weak significantly weaker anterior seta. Mid femur at basal half paramedian dark stripes inside the rows of dorsocentrals and with some ventral setae and some short anterodorsals not on each side between intra-alar setae and dorsocentrals longer than one third of depth of femur, preapically three another dark stripe not extending the fourth dorsocentral seta. strong posterodorsal setae and few posteroventral setulose Scutellum ground colour dark and grey dusted, at basis with a hairs. Mid tibia with two or three strong posterior setae. Hind weak median dark patch, at distal third of the dorsal surface femur with a complete row of strong anterodorsals, longest and laterally dull yellow. Postpronotal calli conspicuously ones almost as long as width of femur, additionally a row of yellow, at some angles of light densely grey dusted. Pleura anteroventrals, setae of distal half significantly longer than predominantly blackish and grey dusted, meron and partly the basal setae, at basal half a row of short posteroventrals, katepimeron brownish to dark brown with some grey dust. preapically few posteroventral setulose hairs and two strong Anterior and posterior spiracles yellowish. Ground hair of posterodorsal or dorsal setae. Hind tibia with two scutum dark and about as long as width of postpedicel, some anterodorsals longer than, and three anteroventrals at most as parts of pleurae with longer hairs. Dorsocentral setae 2 + 4; long as diameter of tibia, one posterodorsal seta on distal acrostichals 2+2; notopleuron with 2 notopleural setae, fourth of tibia, about twice as long as diameter of tibia. anterior one distinctly longer than posterior seta, no additional Abdomen. Ground-colour yellow, whitish dusted of varying small hairs; prealar seta equally long as posterior notopleural intensity depending on point of view, when viewed from seta; 2 intra-alar setae. Prosternum-margin with setulose hairs. behind all tergites with an indistinct, weakly developed brown Meron below spiracle with few short hairs. Proepimeral area, median longitudinal vitta. Tergites 1+2, 3 and 4 with marginal anepimeron and katepimeron bare. Katepisternum covered setae, the lateral ones longer than the dorsal ones, tergites 3, 4 with some fine hair and with 1+2 katepisternal setae, the and 5 dorsally also with few discals. Sternites all yellow; lower one distinctly closer to the posterior seta than to the sternite 1 bare; sternites 2-5 with short black setulose hairs, anterior one, surface between front coxa and mid coxa with a sternite 2 at basal half additionally with fine elongate, apically median vertical row of about five strong setae. Anepisternum curved hairs, sternites 2 to 4 each one at distal margin with with fine hairs, at posterior margin with a row of about six two black setae barely as long as the following sternite. long setae varying in length and strength. Scutellum with one Measurements. Length of body about 8.2 mm; length of wing long apical and one long lateral seta, preapical and basal seta about 7 mm. about half as long as the two stronger setae; lateral and ventral Male not known surfaces bare. Etymology. The name of the new species derives from the town Sandanski, where the fly was collected.

Diagnosis. In Hennig's key [1] (page 1080) the rare combination of haired prosternum and plumose arista leads to couplet 5a with Phaonia asiatica Hennig, 1963, a species described from Tajikistan. The species is distinguished from Phaonia sandanskii by following markings: Antennae and palpi of P. asiatica predominantly black, postpronotal calli concolorous with scutum, coxae and femora predominantly dark, hind tibia with an additional short posterodorsal seta in basal half, abdomen dark, densely covered with grey-white dust. P. sandanskii is characterized by yellow palpi and basal segments of antennae, postpronotal calli are yellow and in contrast to dark scutum, legs including coxae and trochanters are yellow and hind tibia is without an additional short

posterodorsal seta, the ground colour of abdomen is yellow. Fig 7: Helina sandanskii spec. nov.: female holotype, lateral view There are only two more Phaonia-species with haired (bar = 1 mm). prosternum and plumose arista known from the western area

of the Palaearctic Region, but they have not been considered Wing. Membrane greyish hyaline, surrounding membrane of as such in the keys provided [1, 2, 3]. Lyneborg [6] determined cross-veins very weakly infuscated. Tegula and basicosta only in 1965 a Phaonia-male from Israel with haired yellow, veins brown. Costal spine not longer than twice the prosternum as a new species and named it Phaonia kugleri, length of surrounding bristles. Radial node and vein R4+5 and Hennig [1] did not consider in the keys that Phaonia fusca dorsally and ventrally bare. Vein M straight, diverging (Meade, 1897), which is recorded from Great Britain [5], The slightly from vein R4+5. Cross-vein r-m somewhat basal of Netherlands [5] and Belgium [7], has a distinctly haired the point where vein R1 enters costa, distal cross-vein dm-cu prosternum. Hennig [1] and later Gregor et al. [2, 3] slightly sinuous. Calypters whitish transparent with white differentiated H. fusca from similar species by other margin and fringe, lower calypter about 1.5 times as long as morphological characters. Both species differ from P. upper calypter. Haltere entirely yellow. sandanskii by following characters: Legs including coxae and trochanters all yellow, tarsomeres H. fusca is marked by black antennae and palpi, three all dark. Pulvilli and claws short. Posterior surface of hind postsutural dorsocentral setae and predominantly dark legs coxa bare. Fore femur with a row of posterodorsal setae, with yellow tibiae. P. sandanskii, however, is characterized about as long as depth of femur, below a row of posterior by yellow palpi and yellowish basal antennal segments, four setae, barely half as long as the upper ones, ventrally a ~ 907 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

postsutural dorsocentral setae and predominantly yellow legs. Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae P. sandanskii is distinguished from H. kugleri by a Brunensis, Biologia. 2002; 107:1-280. predominantly yellow abdomen and yellowish-grey 3. Gregor F, Rozkošny R, Barták M, Vaňhara J. Manual of postpronotal calli, which are dark and more or less densely Central European Muscidae (Diptera). Zoologica. 2016; dusted in H. kugleri. Additionally, the fore tibia of H. 162:1-220. sandanskii is armed with a posterior seta and the prealar seta 4. Rozkošny R, Chvála M, Pont AC. Diptera described by is about as long as the posterior notopleural seta, whereas a Johann Daniel Preyssler, 1790–1793. – Scripta Facultatis posterior seta of fore tibia and prealar seta are absent with P. Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae kugleri. Brunensis. 1982; 12:349-356. 5. Pont AC. Fauna Europaea: Muscidae. In: Pape T & Beuk Discussion P. Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea. Since 1986, when Pont [8] compiled the Palaearctic Muscidae, 2013; version 2017.06; http//www.fauna-eu.org/ only few new species of the subfamily Phaoniinae were (accessed: 31. 08.2017). described from European countries (e.g. Pont [9], Zielke [10, 11]). 6. Lyneborg L. Muscidae (Diptera) from Greece, collected From the data published by Xue & Sun [12] and Yu & Xue [13] by E. Janssens and R. Tollet, with descriptions of four it can be calculated that at the same period some 200 new new species. Bulletin Institut royal des Sciences species were described from China for each of the two genera naturelles de Belgique. 1965; 41(23):1-14. Helina and Phaonia. Whilst approximately a total of 161 7. Martens C. Three halophilous Muscidae new for Belgium species of Helina and Phaonia are known from the European (Diptera : Muscidae) Bulletin de la Société royal belge part of the Palaearctic Region [5] there is a total of about 550 d'Entomologie. 2013; 149:99-102. species of the two genera recorded from China [12, 13], where 8. Pont AC. Family Muscidae. In: Soós A & Papp L. the muscid fauna has been subject of intense investigations Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Akadémiai Kiadó, over the last 30 years. Although the European fauna is Budapest. 1986; 11:57-215. considered as well known (e.g. Pont [14], Sorokina [15]) 9. Pont AC. Helina richardi (Diptera: Muscidae), a compared with areas such as Central and West Asia, it cannot remarkable new species from the Mediterranean be excluded that there are still muscid species thriving in subregion. The Canadian Entomologist. 2012; 144:348- Europe, which have not been detected and described yet. 352. There is a large variety of biotopes in various parts of Europe 10. Zielke E. Update of distribution records of Phaonia of which the Muscidae fauna has been investigated only Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae) from Bulgaria poorly. And species which are limited in their geographical with the description of a new species. Journal of distribution and which are also not common in the biotopes Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2016; 4(4):626-632. which they inhabit, will be easily missed if there are only 11. Zielke E. Description of a new species of Helina sporadic investigations. Three of the presented four Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) from the descriptions of new species are based on one specimen only. Rhodope Mountains of Bulgaria. Contributions to Each specimen was collected from a locality where several Entomology. 2016; 66(2):321-324. captures were conducted over the years, before and/or after 12. Xue W, Sun H. Diagnosis and key for the Helina annosa- the date of collecting the species. In spite of repeated captures group (Diptera: Muscidae) from China, with descriptions at different times each species was found only once. of nine new species. Journal of Natural History. 2015; 49(25-26):1549-1583. Acknowledgements 13. Yu T, Xue W. Three new species of the Phaonia acerba I am very grateful to Toshko Ljubomirov for supporting my group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and Oriental research on Muscidae by giving me generous access to the Regions. Entomologica Fennica. 2015; 26:1-7. Diptera collection of the Institute of Biodiversity and 14. Pont AC. Distribution records of Helina Robineau- Ecosystem Research, Bulgaria Academy of Sciences and for Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Muscidae) from the Caucasus providing all facilities needed for the examination of the Mountains, with the descriptions of three new species. material. I also have to thank Nigel Wyatt from the British Zootaxa. 2012; 3409:30-46. Museum of Natural History, London for collegial support and 15. Sorokina VS. New species of the genus Phaonia R.-D. for providing working facilities and generous access to the 1830 (Diptera, Muscidae) from Central Asia. Zootaxa. Muscidae collection at my stay with the Museum, thus also 2015; 4013:571-587. facilitating the comparison of Helina dabovetsa spec. nov. with Helina almeriensis and other related species. I also would like to thank Netta Dorchin and Amnon Freidberg from The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel for the loan of Phaonia specimens for comparison with the newly described Phaonia sandanskii spec. nov. and other related species. I also thank an anonymous reviewer for critical comments and helpful suggestions for the improvement of this paper.

References 1. Hennig W. Muscidae. In: Lindner E. Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. 1964; 63b:1-1110. 2. Gregor F, Rozkošny R, Barták M, Vaňhara J. The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis

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