When the Elephant Walks Free
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Filling a Gap in the Proboscidean Fossil Record: a New Genus from The
Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from the Lutetian of Senegal Rodolphe Tabuce, Raphaël Sarr, Sylvain Adnet, Renaud Lebrun, Fabrice Lihoreau, Jeremy Martin, Bernard Sambou, Mustapha Thiam, Lionel Hautier To cite this version: Rodolphe Tabuce, Raphaël Sarr, Sylvain Adnet, Renaud Lebrun, Fabrice Lihoreau, et al.. Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from the Lutetian of Senegal. Journal of Paleontology, Paleontological Society, 2019, pp.1-9. 10.1017/jpa.2019.98. hal-02408861 HAL Id: hal-02408861 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02408861 Submitted on 8 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from 2 the Lutetian of Senegal 3 4 Rodolphe Tabuce1, Raphaël Sarr2, Sylvain Adnet1, Renaud Lebrun1, Fabrice Lihoreau1, Jeremy 5 E. Martin2, Bernard Sambou3, Mustapha Thiam3, and Lionel Hautier1 6 7 1Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de 8 Montpellier, Montpellier, France <[email protected]> 9 <[email protected]> <[email protected]> 10 <[email protected]> <[email protected] > 11 2Univ. -
Paleobiogeography of Trilophodont Gomphotheres (Mammalia: Proboscidea)
Revista Mexicana deTrilophodont Ciencias Geológicas, gomphotheres. v. 28, Anúm. reconstruction 2, 2011, p. applying235-244 DIVA (Dispersion-Vicariance Analysis) 235 Paleobiogeography of trilophodont gomphotheres (Mammalia: Proboscidea). A reconstruction applying DIVA (Dispersion-Vicariance Analysis) María Teresa Alberdi1,*, José Luis Prado2, Edgardo Ortiz-Jaureguizar3, Paula Posadas3, and Mariano Donato1 1 Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, España. 2 INCUAPA, Departamento de Arqueología, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Del Valle 5737, B7400JWI Olavarría, Argentina. 3 LASBE, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque S/Nº, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina. * [email protected] ABSTRACT The objective of our paper was to analyze the distributional patterns of trilophodont gomphotheres, applying an event-based biogeographic method. We have attempted to interpret the biogeographical history of trilophodont gomphotheres in the context of the geological evolution of the continents they inhabited during the Cenozoic. To reconstruct this biogeographic history we used DIVA 1.1. This application resulted in an exact solution requiring three vicariant events, and 15 dispersal events, most of them (i.e., 14) occurring at terminal taxa. The single dispersal event at an internal node affected the common ancestor to Sinomastodon plus the clade Cuvieronius – Stegomastodon. A vicariant event took place which resulted in two isolated groups: (1) Amebelodontinae (Africa – Europe – Asia) and (2) Gomphotheriinae (North America). The Amebelodontinae clade was split by a second vicariant event into Archaeobelodon (Africa and Europe), and the ancestors of the remaining genera of the clade (Asia). In contrast, the Gomphotheriinae clade evolved mainly in North America. -
Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, AND SURGERY OF ELEPHANTS BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, AND SURGERY OF ELEPHANTS Murray E. Fowler Susan K. Mikota Murray E. Fowler is the editor and author of the bestseller Zoo Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or and Wild Animal Medicine, Fifth Edition (Saunders). He has written the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Medicine and Surgery of South American Camelids; Restraint and Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to Handling of Wild and Domestic Animals and Biology; and Medicine the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, and Surgery of South American Wild Animals for Blackwell. He is cur- MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a pho- rently Professor Emeritus of Zoological Medicine, University of tocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been California-Davis. For the past four years he has been a part-time arranged. The fee codes for users of the Transactional Reporting employee of Ringling Brothers, Barnum and Bailey’s Circus. Service are ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-0676-1; ISBN-10: 0-8138-0676- 3/2006 $.10. Susan K. Mikota is a co-founder of Elephant Care International and the Director of Veterinary Programs and Research. She is an First edition, 2006 author of Medical Management of the Elephants and numerous arti- cles and book chapters on elephant healthcare and conservation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Elephant biology, medicine, and surgery / edited by Murray E. All rights reserved Fowler, Susan K. Mikota.—1st ed. -
Proboscideans 1
AAA PALEONTOLOGY: H. F. OSBORN PROC. N. A. S. THE ANCESTRAL TREE OF THE PROBOSCIDEA. DIS- COVER Y, E VOL UTION, MIGRA TION AND EXTINCTION OVER A 50,000,000 YEAR PERIOD' By HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN ITE AMERICAN MUSEUM oF NATURAL HISTORY Read before the Academy, Tuesday, April 23, 1935 Beginning in 1900 I have directed a continuous research extending over thirty-four years upon the gross and detailed evolution of two widely con- trasting groups of quadrupeds and for the first time in the history of biology have succeeded in constructing two actual ancestral trees, as follows: Titanothere tree, 15 branches of phyla, Lower Eocene to Lower Oligocene time inclusive-20,000,000 years (see Titanothere Monograph, 1929). Proboscidea tree, 31 branches of phyla, Upper Eocene to Recent time, inclusive- 50,000,000 years (see forthcoming Proboscidea Monograph, 1935-1936). Titanotheres Proboscideans 1. Defense by bony horns, arising as 1. Defense by superior tusks, effective aristogenes at widely different and suc- against all carnivorous enemies. cessive periods of geologic time. 2. Grinding teeth stationary in evolution, 2. Grinding teeth plastic, aristogenes adaptive to a single browsing habit, numerous, with rapid radiation into 31 evolution arrested. Aristogenes extremely independent lines of form, adapted to limited. Extinction sudden due to world the highly diversified flora from the change of flora of the north temperate Equator to the arctic tundras. Aristo- hemisphere. genes exttemely' numerous and varied. Extinction of mastodonts gradual, due to progressive desiccation of the world flora. Extinction of elephants relatively recent. 3. Inferior incisive tusks degenerate and 3. Second pair of inferior incisors in ineffective, disappearing. -
Early Mammut from the Upper Miocene of Northern China, and Its Implications for the Evolution and Differentiation of Mammutidae
第55卷 第3期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 233-256 2017年7月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA figs. 1-7 Early Mammut from the Upper Miocene of northern China, and its implications for the evolution and differentiation of Mammutidae WANG Shi-Qi1,2 LI Yu1,3 Jaroon DUANGKRAYOM1,3,4 CHEN Shao-Kun5 HE Wen6 CHEN Shan-Qin6 (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044, China [email protected]) (2 CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101, China) (3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China) (4 Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand) (5 Three Gorges Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Three Gorges Museum Chongqing 400015, China) (6 Hezheng Paleozoological Museum Hezheng, Gansu 731200, China) Abstract Mammut is the terminal taxon of the proboscidean group Mammutidae, which survived to the Late Pleistocene. Although this genus was widely distributed in the Pliocene of Eurasia and the Pleistocene of North America, little is known about its early evolution. Here, we report on Mammut cf. M. obliquelophus from the Upper Miocene of northern China based on new fossil material, including an almost complete juvenile cranium and other remains, which show many primitive features within Mammutidae and clearly demonstrate the morphological evolution of Mammut. The strongly laterally expanded lateral wing of the occiput and the presence of basal constriction of the incisive fossa display cranial similarity between Mammut cf. M. -
Elephant and Friends Pdf, Epub, Ebook
ELEPHANT AND FRIENDS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Rettore | 8 pages | 15 Jun 2016 | Barron's Educational Series Inc.,U.S. | 9781438005270 | English | Hauppauge, United States Elephant and Friends PDF Book The regulations are complicated; this is a good overview. As with humans at least most of the time , experienced matriarchs are renowned for their wisdom, leading herds away from potential dangers such as fires or floods and toward abundant sources of food and shelter. What this means, in practical terms, is that it takes an unusually long time for devastated populations of elephants to replenish themselves, which makes these mammals especially susceptible to poaching by humans. Shunning antique ivory is a clear message to dealers that the material is not welcomed, and it's an easy way to show your solidarity with the elephants. I already trusted her. It can be hard to find gifts that are both beautiful and budget-friendly. Updated November 04, It was literally cleaned out: The insulation was replaced, thus evicting furry creatures that had made it smell. Share Flipboard Email. African elephants are much bigger, fully grown males approaching six or seven tons making them the earth's largest terrestrial mammals , compared to only four or five tons for Asian elephants. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. Be prepared for eating on the road and do away with single use plastics at the airport with this design-friendly travel flatware set. And look good while doing it. The mini jigsaw puzzle by Areaware comes in a variety of other fun designs and can be completed in 20 minutes or less. -
A New Large Mammal from the Ypresian of Morocco: Evidence of Surprising Diversity of Early Proboscideans
A new large mammal from the Ypresian of Morocco: Evidence of surprising diversity of early proboscideans EMMANUEL GHEERBRANT, JEAN SUDRE, HENRI CAPPETTA, MOHAMED IAROCHÈNE, MBAREK AMAGHZAZ, and BAÂDI BOUYA Gheerbrant, E., Sudre, J., Cappetta, H., Iarochène, M., Amaghzaz, M., and Bouya, B. 2002. A new large mammal from the Ypresian of Morocco: Evidence of surprising diversity of early proboscideans. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (3): 493–506. We describe a new primitive proboscidean, Daouitherium rebouli gen. et sp. nov., from the early Ypresian of the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco, which also yielded Phosphatherium. It is the earliest known large mammal from Africa and one of the oldest known proboscideans. It has true lophodont molars similar to those of Barytherium and Numidotherium.Itis closer to these genera and more advanced than Phosphatherium (e.g., morphology of the mandible), but it is also primi− tive in striking features known also in Phosphatherium (absence of diastema, retention of two additional teeth in front of p2). A parsimony analysis of Daouitherium suggests its intermediate phylogenetic position between the basal, small Phosphatherium and the large, more derived Numidotherium and Barytherium. Daouitherium is a better candidate for the ancestry of N. koholense than Phosphatherium, but it is also specialized. Daouitherium and Numidotherium may belong to the same basal radiation of “Barytherioidea”. However, the family referral of Daouitherium is uncertain (Numidotheriidae?). The discovery of such a large and derived proboscidean with respect to Phosphatherium in the same African beds of such antiquity is evidence of an unexpected early diversity of proboscideans and of the old origin of the order. -
TRILOPHODONT TETRABELODONT MASTODONS and TRILOPHODON (SERRIDENTINUS)' POJOAQUENSIS, NEW SPECIES by CHILDS FRICK
56,9,61E :14,31,4 ARTICLE II- TOOTH SEQUENCE IN CERTAIN TRILOPHODONT TETRABELODONT MASTODONS and TRILOPHODON (SERRIDENTINUS)' POJOAQUENSIS, NEW SPECIES BY CHILDS FRICK CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................ 123 Historical ............................ 125 SUMMARY .............................. 135 Key .............................. 139 THE LONG-SYMPHYSISED MASTODONS OF THE SANTA F MIOCENE, NEW MEXICO 142 Dentition and Tooth Sequence . 150 Summary .......................... 153 Measurements ..154 Trilophodon (Serridentinus) productus Cope . v 158 Trilophodon (Serridentinus) pojoaquensis, new species . 161 CERTAIN OTHER Trilophodon (Serridentinus) SPECIES . 166 THE DEPRESSED-BEAKED MASTODON OF THE EDEN PLIOCENE, CALIFORNIA 169 (?) Rhynchotherium (Dibelodon) edensis Frick .169 Measurements .175 INTRODUCTION A tendency to extraordinary enlargement of the posterior molars at the expense of the more anterior teeth pervades the Proboscidea. The present paper discusses two resulting and extremely different types of tooth sequence and their bearing on tooth homology and the peculiar problem of tooth succession in this order. These types are exampled in two trilophodont forms secured during the course of the author's in- vestigation of the Miocene deposits of Santa F6, New Mexico2 and the Pliocene deposit of the Eden, California.3 The paper further describes a new species of American trilophodont based on remains of great size 1 The revised generic names adopted in Professor Osborn's forthcoming Memoir on the Proboscidea are given in parentheses throughout this paper in which the former generic nomenclature of the masto- donts is used. 2Frick, Childs, 1926, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., LVI, Art. I. 3Frick, Childs, 1921, Univ. Cal. Pub. Dept. Geol. XII, p. 405, Figs. 159-165, and P1. L. 123 124 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. -
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 470 Thz AMERICAN Newmuszumyorkofcitynatural HISTORY April 10, 1931
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 470 THz AMERICAN NewMuszumYorkOFCityNATURAL HISTORY April 10, 1931 56.9, 61 A (5C) THE SHOVEL-TUSKERS, AMEBELODONTINE, OF CENTRAL ASIA' BY H. F. OSBORN2 AND W. GRANGER Borissiak's most welcome description (April 6, 1928, pp. 105-120) of Platybelodon danovi, discovered in the summer of 1927 in the Chokrak beds (Middle Miocene?-fide Bor.) of the Kuban region, North Caucasus, anticipated by one year the Andrews-Granger discovery (July 28, 1928) of Platybelodon grangeri in the Pliocene Tung Gur horizon of Mongolia; in the same description Borissiak (op. cit., p. 119) proposed the subfamily name PLATYBELODONTIN2E, signifying 'flat- tuskers.' Both of these Asiatic discoveries were partly anticipated by Bar- bour's finding (April 4, 1927) of Amebelodon fricki in southwestern Nebraska, to which he applied (June, 1927) the family name Amebelo- dontidie,3 signifying the 'shovel-tuskers.' Amebelodon has extremely long and relatively narrow shovel-tusks, while Pltybelodon has rela- tively short and extremely broad shovel-tusks; these animals conse- quently represent two entirely distinct generic phyla. PLATYBELODON DANOVI BORISSIAK: GENERIC AND SPECIFIC CHARACTERS Following the admirable papers (1928, 1929) of Dr. A. Borissiak, we may here give a brief synopsis of the characters of the genotypic species Platybelodon danovi Borissiak, of the Caucasus, also a characteri- zation of the new form Platybelodon grangeri of eastern Mongolia. The genotype, Platybelodon danovi, consists of the anterior portion of a cranium and nearly complete jaws (probably belonging to one in- dividual), in the Leningrad Museum, having the following measure- ments, as compared with P. grangeri (Amer. -
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A new species of the tetralophodont amebelodontine Konobelodon Lambert, 1990 (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of China ShiQi WANG Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, no. 142 Xizhimenwai Street, 100044 Beijing (China) and CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, no. 16 Lincui Street, 100101 Beijing (China) and Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology), no. 39 Beijingdong Street, 210008 Nanjing (China) [email protected] QinQin SHI Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, no. 142 Xizhimenwai Street, 100044 Beijing (China) [email protected] Wen HE ShanQin CHEN Hezheng Paleozoological Museum, Liangjiazhuang, 731200 Hezheng (China) [email protected] [email protected] XiangWen YANG Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, no. 142 Xizhimenwai Street, 100044 Beijing (China) and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences no.19A Yuquan Road, 100049 Beijing (China) [email protected] Published on 25 March 2016 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AD9C6BAE-8A37-4201-BFA6-C49739CFDD60 Wang S., Shi Q., He W., Chen S. & Yang X. 2016. — A new species of the tetralophodont amebelodontine Konobe- lodon Lambert, 1990 (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of China. Geodiversitas 38 (1): 65-97. http:// dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2016n1a4 KEY WORDS ABSTRACT Amebelodontinae, Konobelodon, Here we describe a new species of Konobelodon Lambert, 1990 – a poorly known tetralophodont tetralophodont shovel-tusked proboscidean – from the Late Miocene of the Linxia Basin, China. -
Advances in Proboscidean Taxonomy & Classification, Anatomy
ARTICLE IN PRESS Quaternary International 126–128 (2005) 5–20 Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior Jeheskel Shoshania,b,*, Pascal Tassyc a Department of Biology, University of Asmara, P.O. Box 1220, Asmara, Eritrea (Horn of Africa) b Elephant Research Foundation, 106 East Hickory Grove Road, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304, USA c Museum national d’Histoire naturelle Laboratoire de Paleontologie, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Available online 26 June 2004 Abstract With the addition of 13 new taxa, we recognized 175 species and subspecies of proboscideans, classified in 42 genera and 10 families. The three extant species are: forest African elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), bush African elephant (L. africana), and Asian elephant (Elephas maximus, with three subspecies). Rigorous analysis of characters published or awaiting publication is imperative for better understanding of the cladistic relationships among currently recognized proboscideans. Here we focus on ‘‘aquatic ancestry’’ of Proboscidea, interordinal relationships within Placentalia, proboscidean taxonomy in general and South American in particular, anatomy and physiology and some ecological considerations. New taxa above the family level include sister taxa Mammutida and Elephantida, and Plesielephantiformes as a sister taxon to Elephantiformes. Neontological research is currently under way on the hyoid apparatus, lungs, brain, hearing, ecology and behavior. Topics for future research include: phylogenetic positions of anthracobunids, Moeritherium, tetralophodont gomphotheres, Stegolophodon and Stegodon, and intra-familial relationships among Loxodonta, Elephas and Mammuthus, and continuing studies on encephalization quotient. Certain anatomical features and functions (e.g., the hyoid apparatus that helps in food procurement, in production of infrasonic sounds, and in storing water to be used in time of stress) evolved about 25 million years ago, in time for diversification into new niches when grasses appeared in the landscape. -
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 470 Thz AMERICAN Newmuszumyorkofcitynatural HISTORY April 10, 1931
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by American Museum of Natural History Scientific... AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 470 THz AMERICAN NewMuszumYorkOFCityNATURAL HISTORY April 10, 1931 56.9, 61 A (5C) THE SHOVEL-TUSKERS, AMEBELODONTINE, OF CENTRAL ASIA' BY H. F. OSBORN2 AND W. GRANGER Borissiak's most welcome description (April 6, 1928, pp. 105-120) of Platybelodon danovi, discovered in the summer of 1927 in the Chokrak beds (Middle Miocene?-fide Bor.) of the Kuban region, North Caucasus, anticipated by one year the Andrews-Granger discovery (July 28, 1928) of Platybelodon grangeri in the Pliocene Tung Gur horizon of Mongolia; in the same description Borissiak (op. cit., p. 119) proposed the subfamily name PLATYBELODONTIN2E, signifying 'flat- tuskers.' Both of these Asiatic discoveries were partly anticipated by Bar- bour's finding (April 4, 1927) of Amebelodon fricki in southwestern Nebraska, to which he applied (June, 1927) the family name Amebelo- dontidie,3 signifying the 'shovel-tuskers.' Amebelodon has extremely long and relatively narrow shovel-tusks, while Pltybelodon has rela- tively short and extremely broad shovel-tusks; these animals conse- quently represent two entirely distinct generic phyla. PLATYBELODON DANOVI BORISSIAK: GENERIC AND SPECIFIC CHARACTERS Following the admirable papers (1928, 1929) of Dr. A. Borissiak, we may here give a brief synopsis of the characters of the genotypic species Platybelodon danovi Borissiak, of the Caucasus, also a characteri- zation of the new form Platybelodon grangeri of eastern Mongolia. The genotype, Platybelodon danovi, consists of the anterior portion of a cranium and nearly complete jaws (probably belonging to one in- dividual), in the Leningrad Museum, having the following measure- ments, as compared with P.