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Tana, a Venetian and Genoese Black Sea Trading Station In Ievgen Alexandrovitch Khvalkov TANA, A VENETIAN AND GENOESE BLACK SEA TRADING STATION IN THE 1430s: A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY MA Thesis in Medieval Studies Central European University Budapest CEU eTD Collection May 2011 Tana, a Venetian and Genoese Black Sea Trading Station in the 1430s: A Social and Economic History by Ievgen Alexandrovitch Khvalkov (Ukraine) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2011 i Tana, a Venetian and Genoese Black Sea Trading Station in the 1430s: A Social and Economic History by Ievgen Alexandrovitch Khvalkov (Ukraine) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________ External Examiner Budapest CEU eTD Collection May 2011 ii Tana, a Venetian and Genoese Black Sea Trading Station in the 1430s: A Social and Economic History by Ievgen Alexandrovitch Khvalkov (Ukraine) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ________________________ Supervisor ____________________________________________ External Supervisor CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2011 iii I, the undersigned, Ievgen Alexandrovitch Khvalkov, candidate for the MA degree in Medieval Studies declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of the work of others, and no part of the thesis infringes on any person’s or institution’s copyright. I also declare that no part of the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. Budapest, 17 May 2011 __________________________ Signature CEU eTD Collection iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is my pleasure to thank my supervisors Prof. B. Nagy and Prof. G. Jaritz for their direction, assistance, and guidance. Their recommendations and suggestions have been invaluable for this project. I also wish to thank Associate Professors Dr. Katalin Szende and Dr. Niels Gaul for their valuable comments on my work. I owe my deepest gratitude to Dr. Judith Rasson, Assistant Professor, who has taught me techniques of Academic Writing and supported the process of writing of this thesis at each stage. I am also indebted to Dr. Alexander Osipian for many ideas which have helped me to broaden the scope of my research, as well as for many references to the relevant sources and literature that I used here. This thesis would not have been possible had not Prof. S. P. Karpov introduced me to the world of the Italian documentary sources on the history of the Black Sea region. He has made available his support in a number of other ways, and it is an honor for me to thank him for the photocopies of the documents he indicated in the Venetian archives and provided to me, as well as for guidance of my research and studies during the years I spent in Moscow. I would like to thank Assistant Professor B. A. Makeev for checking the transcriptions of the documents, and to Associate Professor A. A. Talyzina and Dr. A. L. Ponomarev for their valuable comments. I am grateful to the teams of the State Archives of Venice and Genoa, who gave me an opportunity to work with the manuscripts. Last, but not the least, I express my deep thankfulness to my friends Mariana Bodnaruk and Branislav Vismek, whose warm and kind support and mind-provoking discussions encouraged me during the whole academic year. CEU eTD Collection v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................................. V TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................VI LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................................... VII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................................................VIII TABLE OF MEASURES ...................................................................................................................................IX INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................1 I. REVIEW OF THE SOURCES..............................................................................................................................3 a. A general description of the major archival sources...................................................................................5 b. The external characteristics of the documents ............................................................................................ 6 c. The language of the documents ................................................................................................................ 10 d. The legal form of the documents .............................................................................................................. 12 e. Classification of notarial documents and the problem of the representativeness of the sources.................. 15 f. Other sources........................................................................................................................................... 17 II. HISTORIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................... 23 III. METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH .......................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 1. TRADE DYNAMICS IN TANA IN THE 1430S ........................................................................ 32 1.1. GOODS IMPORTED FROM EUROPE ............................................................................................................ 34 1.2. GOODS EXPORTED TO EUROPE AND GOODS DESTINED FOR LOCAL CONSUMPTION ................................... 36 1.3. THE DYNAMICS OF THE SLAVE TRADE: MOVEMENTS OF PEOPLE, SLAVES, GOODS, AND MONEY................ 43 CHAPTER 2. ETHNICITY AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION...................................................................... 56 2.1. ITALIANS .................................................................................................................................................. 59 2.2. GERMANS ................................................................................................................................................. 62 2.3. GREEKS .................................................................................................................................................... 64 2.4. JEWS......................................................................................................................................................... 69 2.5. ARMENIANS .............................................................................................................................................. 70 2.6. RUSSIANS.................................................................................................................................................. 71 2.7. GOTHS...................................................................................................................................................... 73 2.8. ZIKHS AND CIRCASSIANS .......................................................................................................................... 74 2.9. TATARS .................................................................................................................................................... 75 CHAPTER 3. THE SOCIETY OF THE TRADING STATION....................................................................... 79 3.1. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION .......................................................................................................................... 79 3.2 “DOMICILED IN TANA”.............................................................................................................................. 83 3.3. PARISH LIFE.............................................................................................................................................. 89 3.4. GENDER, MARRIAGE, “PARENTS AND CHILDREN,” INHERITANCE ............................................................. 93 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................................... 97 BIBLIOGRAPHY:..........................................................................................................................................
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