WARNPANGGA: 138

3.0 PARK LANDS & SQUARES

3.0 & SQUARES 3.1.7 Warnpangga/ Report

WARNPANGGA: 139 Source: Survey . from George Kingston’s de, 1837, as prepared by as prepared de, 1837, Figure sociated institutional organisations, developed 11. Source: Extract Extract Source: 11. tion. Such gardens were the forerunners of the

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES de) and the Corporation’s Nursery (on the north-east north-east the (on Nursery Corporation’s the and de) Figure The first (A) and second (B) sites for the botanic botanic the for sites (B) second and (A) first The in Tulya Torrens the River of banks on the garden today 27 Park/Park Wodli/Bonython of Adelai City the Plan of Archives ACC Colonel .

The third site for the “BOTANICAL GARDEN” on a bend of the , immediately between between immediately Torrens, River of the bend on a GARDEN” “BOTANICAL the for site third The Gardens the (on the south-west si present Zoological side) within Warnpangga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park Archives. ACC 1841 ‘Map of Adelaide’,

established, these government gardens and their as collections that were documented and labelled, and were open to the public for purposes of education, experimentation, research, and recrea botanic gardens established in Australian in the mid-nineteenth century at Sydney (1816), Hobart (1846), Brisbane (1855), and Adelaide (1855). (1844), et e transformations of one kind or , the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri and a high potential to contain archaeological and Parri to Warnpangga/Park 10, despite being 10, to the east of Sandcarters Road, and Park large public reserve in Australia. Once large public , WA Cawthorne records the existence of a ns/Karrawirra Parri. Sandcarters Road now inmundilla/Park 11 now consists of land to rwin) (1869). These early government gardens day, was not straight forward and several day, was not straight forward sformed into a sheoak tree, the one that stood a little nt domain that also contained a government aide. The establishment of the Adelaide Botanic or activities, pre-contact post-contact, for us established in Sydney (1788), Hobart Town /Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park 11 was subject 10 and Tainmundilla/Park /Park t – was an frequent camping ground for inmundilla/Park 11 possess high significance to of land between War Memorial Drive and the .1808), Hobart (1811), Brisbane (1827), Perth (1827), Perth .1808), Hobart (1811), Brisbane c ces for the north side of Karrawirra Parri (Draper ces for the north side of Karrawirra Parri (Draper 1850, that the Botanic Park vicinity – reviewed in River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri notionally River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri notionally portions were amalgamated together and re- , 16 April 1864, cited in Hemming 1998, p. 50). , 16 April 1864, cited fact, every island, cape and point ar held ‘Dreaming’ significance: held ‘Dreaming’ significance: ?) near the Frome Road bridge in Warnpangga/Park 10 and st Contact Associations The Advertiser cunninghamiana

(Cawthorne, Allocasuarina It is devoutly believed that a certain man was tran way above the old Frome Bridge. In another 2005, pp. 59-60). she-oak ( Warnpangga/Park 10 Historical Overview: Site Context Light’s plan, Warnpangga/Park 10 consists of 21.46ha land bounded by Arising from MacKinnon Parade, Hackney Road, Bundey’s Road of Park Frome Road. Originally Park 10 consisted 11, to the west of Sandcarters Road. Both numbered as Warnpangga/Park 10 but a strip Parri was excluded. Ta River Torrens/Karrawirra the south of War Memorial Drive and encompassing Botanic Park, Garden and land along Frome Road and a strip of land between War Memorial Drive and the River Torre no longer exists as a trafficable route. Because of the close geographical and historical relationship strip land between War Memorial Drive and the River Torrens/Karrawirra Warnpangga/Park 10 (Hemming 1998). However within Tainmundilla/Park 11, the following discussion includes both land the strip of land in Tainmundilla/Park 11. Warnpangga/Park 10 and Historical Overview: Aboriginal Associations There are no specific references to sites may have Tainmundilla/Park 11 that

It is believed that Warnpangga/Park 10 and Ta Garden, formally within Tainmundilla/Park 11 to attempts were made before the final site was selected. Government gardens were established in the Australian colonies within a comparatively short time of European settlement, often within the first decade and generally as gardens in which to acclimatise plants. Government gardens were th (1828), and Palmerston (Port Da (1818), Brisbane were frequently located within a larger governme the Kaurna and Aboriginal communities, have burial sites. It is known that, especially after to attempts establish a botanic garden in Adel house, as at Parramatta (1790s), Launceston ( domains—in known as (1829), Adelaide (1836), and Melbourne (1845). Such ‘park lands’—formed an early and uniform type of more detail in the Tainmundilla/Park 11 Repor al Historical Overview: Po During the late 1830s a portion of Warnpangga Aboriginal communities, and numerous European period references and artist sketches exist for this area but there is a lack of specific referen

caissons

WARNPANGGA: 140 Garden’ with Garden’ what appears Office dated 11 February 1865 dated 11 February Office Report on a System of Planting the Adelaide ark 10 consisted of a “very excellent m C Buik at a large public gathering. It e land was level, “the outlines are irregular ngga/Park 10. He regretted that trees of the st and the other on the north-eastern flank. Source: Source: flank. north-eastern the on other the and st 80, p. 18). Brown proposed several strategic 80, p. 18). Brown r JH Langdon, to a design by (John Harry) of high ornamental capabilities” (Brown 1880, m Road, the Corporation let a tender to Davies m Road, complimented imported cast iron work obtained yout of the former ‘Botanic former the of yout 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES e-MacKinnon-Bundeys road-frontage plantations ared by the City Surveyor’s ared by the City Surveyor’s Figure Figure after considering various options including the was washed away with floodwaters in the 1840s. was washed away with floodwaters in the 1840s. rnpangga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park 11 winding Tainmundilla/Park 10 and rnpangga/Park an of 60 feet (18.2m) between two central (1880) Brown recorded that Warnpangga/P (1880) Brown Extract from a ‘Plan of the ’ as prep City of ‘Plan of the a Extract from depicting the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, Wa Parri, Torrens/Karrawirra River the depicting la detailed the particular in and landscape, the through to be two structures; one structure in the bottom south-ea bottom structure in the to be two structures; one ACC Archives. Park Lands quality” most suitable for ornamental purposes. Th and in parts sinuous, altogether making the part p. 18). plantation design and tree While of excellent quality, Brown recorded the poor and ill-informed plantation approach applied by Pengilly in Warnpa same species had been planted along the From monotonous “sameness” (Brown 18 resulting in a filled with concrete. Tea Tree Gully sandstone in England. The bridge cost £9,000. With the engagement of John Ednie Brown to prepare a The construction of Albert Bridge, on Frome Road, was commenced in 1879. It occupied the that site of an earlier timber carriage bridge August 1871 seeking funding the construction of Albert Bridge in The Corporation first sought assistance from the colonial government. In the absence of the road bridge a timber pedestrian bridge was in place the 1863-69. Finally, relocation of the old City Bridge on King Willia & Wishart, under the supervision of city surveyo Grainger & Worsley for a new road bridge. stone was laid by Mayor Henry Scott in August 1878, and the The Albert Bridge foundation bridge opened on 7 May 1879 by Mayoress Mrs Willia spanned 120 feet (36.5m), with a central sp 2006; et al ) and other native native other and ) Archery Club and the Botanic Garden’ during 1842- .1840 and Allen migrated to Dunedin in c Eucalyptus camaldulensis and to confine their activities a single 11. The Governor placed the garden under ark 26 now under the earthen-raised Elder ribed for the venture, financial difficulties first nursery on this site that was called the ile working as a local government surveyor and Francis obtained the lease. Francis was soon cultural Society, in 1853 a fourth site on Frome thin Tulya Wodli/Park 27. But the initial site, thin as his address during the early 1850s. Francis as his address during the early 1850s. charge of the property. William Haines rented was prone to flooding and never developed. an area for ‘botanic garden’ was indicated on hindsight and with only limited knowledge of the te-painted timber post and wire in the late 1860s, y between the present day ced horticulturist whose father was a nursery asehold occupancy from 1837-40, but did not 1841. Bailey and his sons established what was enced gardener who had previously worked in gga/Park 10 was used for grazing, fire wood gga/Park getation had been effectively removed from in the 1860s to provide an exclusive route for sandcarters son (1799-1856), rented the ‘Old 2006; Jones & Westergaard 2006). et al known as Bailey’s Garden, also known as the Hackney Gardens, in Hackney to the east of Hackney Road, and his grandson later became director of the . Editor and horticulturist George Steven A third site for a botanic garden, later known as the ‘Old Botanic Garden’, was chosen in 1839. This site was on the northern and southern sides of a large bend in River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, opposite the present Botanic Park (in Tainmundilla/Park 11) but within Warnpangga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park of the colony led to Bailey’s retrenchment in New Zealand 1862 (Aitken the care of John Bailey (1800-64), an experien proprietor and seed merchant in London. Bailey was optimistically appointed Government Botanist and for a time (1839-40) he maintained the ‘Government Garden’ concurrently with Allen’s nursery. Although public funds were subsc 43, and his gardener George McEwin took take the property during 1844-50 and in 1850 George to become inaugural superintendent of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, and he regarded this third this site as the ‘Adelaide Botanic Garden’, giving pressed for a properly funded botanic garden, wh valuator, and recommending plantings for Adelaide’s city squares gardens (Aitken Jones 2007). Aitken 2007; Following agitation by the Agricultural and Horti Road (extending as far north the Torrens) was approved by the colonial Governor. This proposal was influenced by Francis but the garden never developed, and site soon superseded by the present one, the present Adelaide Botanic Garden, further to the east. From the 1850s to late 1870s Warnpan collection, and agistment. It was fenced in whi and by this time most of the indigenous ve scattered River Red Gum ( Warnpangga/Park 10 except Parri banks. specimens along the River Torrens/Karrawirra Sandcarters Road was constructed Parri embankment access the River Torrens/Karrawirra location. The Road conceptually survives toda Nursery (Sumerling 2003, p. 25) prosper in the fledgling colony. The site was vacated in In Light’s original survey of Adelaide (1836-37) ‘island’ in the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri wi chosen without the benefit of any horticultural local environment, proved quite unsuitable as it In 1837 a second site for botanic garden was selected on the southern flank of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri in Tarndanya Womma/P Allen (1787-1868), an experi Park. Thomas London’s royal parks, established South Australia’s ‘Government Garden’. Allen maintained a le

great capabilities for the

re judgement and a greater WARNPANGGA: 141 ter and formation generally. In idge—we have them made up of a to the Albert Bridge, all of which g gradually loosened and washed into Report on a Planting System for the Adelaide Adelaide the for System Planting on a Report attain this end, all the natural (Brown 1880, p. 11). (Brown 1880, p. 11). g to regularity or mechanical stiffness should be be carefully studied, embraced, and, if necessary, on and its banks, there are very m of works, as proposed by Brown, included: ees together with in dispersed exoticdeciduous and and therefore requiring mo a pleasing slope from the ridge to water’s edge; in improving the subject, would of course be

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure: [Hackney Road Bridge] rra Parri embankments. Source:(1880). Brown s. are very variable as to their charac ly to the south of Adelaide Br e bluffs, the soil on which is bein The most difficult portion of the whole subject to be dealt with is that rasts as possible, and, in order to

(1880) depicting formal linear pedestrian avenues of tr Banks should be levelled to 45° more or less; Avoid uniformity in slope forming; Make the banks “as natural as possible” and take advantage of “hollows, ledges, ridges, knolls, flats, and water-washed crevices gullies;” Where already sufficiently sloped leave unchanged; From the sinuous and irregular character of the river designing of many rare and striking effect One of the most important points to be attended presenting as much variety and cont contours and irregularities of each part would have to occasions enlarged or extended. Anything approachin rigidly avoided. The banks of the River as a whole … some places we have jagged precipitat the bed of river by rains; in others they form while again in some parts—particular series of flats, knolls, and terraces. part extending from the Company’s Bridge is more of less a precipitate and broken character, expenditure of time and labour to improve it the best advantage

™ ™ ™ ™ Figure 9, “Sketch shewing Avenues and River Banks”, as proposed by Brown in his his Brown in by proposed as Banks”, River and Avenues shewing “Sketch 9, Figure Park Lands evergreen plantingsRiver Torrens/Karrawi along the Brown proposed: Key recommendations in implementing this progra spp, Eucalyptus (Brown 1880, p. ney Road bridge, and carriage drive was to and deciduous trees, the result being a prominent one, more than ) were also proposed, 9m apart, conferæ t of the banks our River” to create “the a very rich and favourable spot, and, if judiciously acerifolius ing all existing surfaces, changes to surfaces detailed in its planting design strategy, lands. It is a work which, from its character ver Torrens/Karrawirra Parri edge to craft a ver Torrens/Karrawirra Parri edge to x ng of clumps trees as much possible “to reet bridge to the Hack s specific references to portions within each was accompanied by a suite of lithograph was accompanied by a suite of lithograph the embankment of River Torrens/Karrawirra slightly to the north-east Bundeys Road nd. A formed pedestrian pathway should ad-frontage plantations Brown proposed a ecommendations but includes specific references ion applied to the River Torrens/Karrawirra ee plantation locations, and any amenities to be present existing.” He proposed the breaking up e one; but its popularity and undoubted necessity the greater Warnpangga/Park 10, Brown ented by Pelzer as a part of the War Memorial e establishment of a carriage drive and the cation. Brown’s proposed omenade planted with an avenue of London and deciduous trees be inserted … to break up the order to produce the most pleasing effects Platanus conferæ on be reviewed, especially the unhealthy he part very considerably. The spot lar manner with a variety of Road (Brown 1880, pp. 18, 19). Road (Brown 1880, pp. 18, 19). ) at 9m apart “so as form a shade to foot passengers in the summer acerifolius x Platanus ordinary care should be bestowed upon it in would enhance the appearance of t 18). … laid off with walks and planted as shown. This is plotted and planted in an irregu additions to Warnpangga/Park 10 including th planting of a more formal park in the corner MacKinnon Parade and Frome Road. These will be discussed below as separate items. In terms of the Frome-MacKinnon-Bundeys ro renovation including thinning and strategic re-planting “to embrace form part of the new design.” He proposed that the plantati that these trees “be removed and a few mechanical regularity in the rows of trees as at the linear lines of trees and the creation and planti Between the MacKinnon Road plantation and proposed the establishment of a pedestrian pr Planes ( make the plantation as natural looking possible … more ornamental” (Brown 1880, p. 18). The north-west corner of MacKinnon Parade and Frome Road was proposed as a formal garden: time.” An avenue of London Plane trees ( to Warnpangga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park 11 where made. Brown proposed a “thorough system of improvemen most attractive feature in the landscape of the City and extent, would no doubt be a very expensiv would warrant its being done at any cost.” To achieve this outcome he proposed a detailed engineering survey of the River embankments show and contours, and proposed tr all existing trees 10, 11). included (Brown 1880, pp. images so to portray the visual outcomes Brown was seeking to achieve. The following is therefore a summation of his r along the eastern flank of Frome proposed the establishment of 11 Brown 10 and Tainmundilla/Park Through Warnpangga/Park a carriage drive. This proposal was later re-inv Drive albeit located in a somewhat different lo commence near the Albert Bridge and run along Parri some 9m from the embankment, and skirt Parri be avoiding the River Torrens/Karrawirra however edge the entire River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri edge. Brown also proposed a major renovation of the Ri more Gardenesque setting. This recommendat Parri embankments from the present Morphett St while general in its description occasionally make Park. Conceptually this recommendation was quite adopting a strong Gardenesque philosophy, and

enue of trees, with the WARNPANGGA: 142 are completed, the whole king contrasts permanently atures of the site to a a combination of pleasing effects that depicts his proposed planting his proposed planting depicts that Note the proposed carriage drive, carriage the proposed Note lowering or raising a knoll there, alterations are necessary in order to different effects likely to be produced of the part. This done, ground should then be owing carefully and clearly the portions of various so that, when the works icate mature tree ‘garden’ in the western corner with corner western in the ‘garden’ tree mature icate on the banks of the description stated, the whole ad should be through an Av defined, and the most stri ry to alter the natural fe thorough survey and landscape design master

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure (Brown 1880, p.12). point repeatedly in his discussion concluding: outlines, extents, heights, and other matter which it will be necessary to ewed from any one direction, present sion may be arrived at as to what xtending or shortening a terrace here, ga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park 11. of view, and, by mentally picturing the Report on a System of Planting the Adelaide Park Lands the Adelaide of Planting System Report on a (Brown 1880, p. 11). (Brown 1880, considerable degree in places, by e of the trees planted on the banks. The Carriage Ro footpath betwixt it and the brink of the banks Before any alterations or improvements are made up ground should be surveyed and delineated on plans sh surface features, together with their consider and embrace in designing for the improvement inspected from various points when it comes to be planted, a deci the best features of site being most prominently secured. To do not, be necessa this it will, I doubt and deepening or filling up a hollow in another place; ground operated upon will, when vi and contrasts Plan 4 from Brown’s (1880) Plan 4 from and circulation systems Warnpang for intr more the Road, Sandcarters extant the of retention the Source: escarpment. Parri Torrens/Karrawirra River along the plantings dense the and pathway, pedestrian Brown (1880). But before any works were to be commenced a plan had to be prepared. Brown stressed this

(1880).

, groupings and combinations view the varied scene presented by for the Adelaide Park Lands Park Adelaide for the h be made to run along the top of banks on inently alone in places, groups pf one kind of the most approved ornamental kind;” anted apart must be such as to allow each ix different kinds of trees which No. 1 icacies of foliage, colour icacies of foliage, prepared having regard for the “desired 3.65m]; No. 3, 15 feet [4.57m]; No. 4, 50 feet 3.65m]; No. 3, 15 feet awirra/, Piltawodli/Park 1 and Tulya awirra/Park 12, Piltawodli/Park 1 and the 1970s. While Linear Park proposal and natural features for ornamentation” ioning and atmosphere of the proposed carriage 30 feet [9m] in diameter” as depicted the Report on a Planting System System a Planting Report on Figure: mature foliage canopy and spread; g and re-forming strategy proposed by Brown is g and re-forming in their carriages or on foot could antingstrategy that could be mapped against tree species selection. Source: following diagram; following diagram; The “distances at which the tree should be pl Regularity of newly planted tree distances should be avoided; Tree distances should have regard to Clump trees of different spreads, often “s will measure 10 feet (3.0m); No. 2, 12 [ [15m]; No. 5, 40 feet [12m]; and, 6, to attain its open natural habit and full spread of branches, thus realise the pictorial view intended;” Do not plant the banks “regularly all over with trees” “We must have single trees standing out prom effect;” The “system of planting suitable … would be intermixed in others and so on,” (Brown 1880, pp. 11- and of several kinds judiciously 12). “Natural flats, ridges and terraces, have gr should be taken advantage of; Consolidated crushed rock levelled footpaths, 2.4-3.0m wide should be constructed adjacent to the River banks and follow natural windings of the landscape sinuously winding around natural clumps of trees; Tree planting plans should be meticulously hundreds of boats plying upon the water, and the intr I have to recommend that a Carriage Drive and Footpat the north side, from which the citizens

™ ™ ™ ™ ™ ™ ™ ™ ™ ™

The diagram depicts tree pl Brown’s detailed Brown (1880). Theoretical tree planting diagram prepared by Brown in his his in Brown by prepared diagram planting tree Theoretical It is interesting to note that the bank levellin conceptually the same proposed in the landscape design recommendations for River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri Linear Park proposal in formally excluded the Park Land blocks within City of Adelaide, its landscape design recommendations were progressively adopted as relevant principles for application in Warnpangga/Park 10, Tainmundilla/Park 11, Karr Wodli/Park 27 (Hassell 1975). Brown also drew special reference as to the posit drives:

(1880)

WARNPANGGA: 143 om decorative planting of exotic exotic of planting decorative om nic and undulating flows and the us eof eof us the and flows and undulating nic )) to create an often)) Picturesque and babylonica

Salix Report on a System of Planting the Adelaide Park Lands Park Adelaide the Planting of System on a Report

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figures arrawirra Parri that reinforces its orga rra Parri. The first image depicts rand rra Parri. The first image (in particular Weeping( Willows rugged scene. Source: Brown (1880). Two lithograph images prepared by Brown and included in his his in included and Brown by prepared images Two lithograph with Parri Torrens/Karrawirra River the along craft to trying was he landscape the of representations visual provide that in atmosphere park Gardenesque a strong depict images two These recommendations. design planting detailed his re-contouring bank river and planting upon placed he slant Picturesque somewhat rustic rather the and 13, No. Image measures along the River Torrens/Karrawi evergreen and deciduous trees and a sense of intrigue in the undulating river bank formations. The second image Torrens/K River the along a view provides particular exotic deciduous trees

Elm Maritime Pine London Plane Silky Oak Italian Cypress Cedar Orford Port Lawson Cypress, Pine Norfolk Island Pine Bay Hoop Pine, Moreton Cedar Himalayan Cedar, Deodar Atlas Cedar Monterey Pine Pine Canary Islands Pine Western Yellow Fir Douglas Biota Bookleaf Cypress, Black Poplar White Poplar, Silver Poplar Tree-of-heaven Box Brush Wych Elm, Scotch and Cork Oak English Elm Maple Sycamore White Ash English Ash Acacia False Black Locust, Oriental Plane Fig Bay Moreton White Cedar Blue Gum Tasmanian Gum Sugar Current Common Name Lombardy Poplar

australisca australisca Norfolk Island Hibiscus Island Norfolk Royal Pawlonia Royal var maritime Warnpangga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park 11 Warnpangga/Park ‘Italica’ ‘Italica’ Warnpangga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park 11 var acerifolius acerifolius x

Cupressus sempervirens Cupressus sempervirens Thuja orientalis Lagunaria patersonii Ulmus glabra and Quercus suber Acer pseudoplatanus Platanus orientalis Ficus macrophylla Eucalyptus globulus cladocalyx Eucalyptus Current Scientific Nomenclature

Ulmus procera Ulmus olia Platanus

by JE Brown (1880) Montana Eucalyptus Corynocalyx, &c., &c.

Nomenclature as used Nomenclature as used robusta Grevillea Cupressus Uhdeana Cupressus Sempervirens Cupressus Lawsoniana Sterculia heterophylla robusta Grevillea ? Araucaria excelsa lawsoniana Chamaecyparis Arancaria Cunninghamii Cedrus Deodara ? Cedrus Atalantica Araucaria cunninghamii Pinus Insignis Araucaria heterophylla Pinus Sabiniana Pinus Longifolia Cedrus deodara Pinus Maritima Cedrus atalantica Pinus Canariensis Pinus Ponderosa Pinus radiata ? Pinus Muricata ? Pinus Persica Pinus nigra Abies Douglasii Pinus canariensis Abies Albertiana Pinus ponderosa Picea Nobilis ? Picea Amabalis Picea Webbiana ? menziesii Pseudotsuga Biota orientalis ? Populus nigra Populus Alba ? ? Populus Acladesca ? Populus dilatata Legunaria Patersonii glandulosa Ailanthus Populus nigra Tristanea Conferta ? Populus alba imperialis Paulownia Populus nigra Ulmus Suberosa [and] Ulmus altissima Ailanthus Ulmus Campestris Tristanea conferta tomentose Pawlonia Acer pseudoplatanus Fraxinus Americana Fraxinus Excelsa Robinia pseudacacia Platanus acerif Fraxinus americana Platanus orientalis Ficus Macrophylla Fraxinus excelsa Robinia pseudacacia Melia Azedarach Eucalyptus Globulus Melia azedarach There is a wide selection of tree species in today, and the profile of specimens has a broad correlation with the above list. Brown’s tree planting recommendations for were:

1883-84, pp. 1883-84, Report

WARNPANGGA: 144 Annual 1884-85, p. 102; 1886-87, p. 1884-85, p. 102; 1886-87, rrival, the Park Lands and Report

n shall have “general supervision of the tree ncing but also complained about the public’s 57½ chains of ornamental wire cable- 3-wire fencing along the Sandcarters Road in 3-wire fencing Annual to allow of perambulators, &c., having access rrens/Karrawirra Parri. This included removal This rrens/Karrawirra Parri. Brown’s formal resignation on 1 June 1883. ld and dilapidated post two rail fence” that proceeded with planting activities. In his street tree plantings along Barton Terrace West for addition access points, and “in a measure the sake of professional reputation, seek to be e Plantations’, upon the invitation of City r foot. His conclusions were that the fencing was es of reports and recommendations from the ,950 yards (107,853m) of 7-ply galvanized wire. ,950 yards (107,853m) of 7-ply se, staff often proceeded with re-fencing works

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES ialled this new fencing on South Terrace and on acquired a substantial amount of fencing sion the Corporation determined to sack City e Terraces. The cast iron posts and pillars were banks. The report sought unsuccessfully for a temporary dam near Hackney Bridge, to and the location of plantations Pengilly was and 3-wire fencing were erected along McKinnon illiam Campbell, records the fencing of 1884-85, pp. 102-103). 1884-85, ’s (1880) recommendations. The City Gardener (1867-83), “Letterewe” branding. Upon a Report

Report 1882-83, p. 134). Annual Report

of 1883 Pengilly records the planting of “various kinds of trees” numbering 300 in the planting of “various records of 1883 Pengilly Annual With Brown’s appointment as ‘Supervisor of th commenced foundational work in Adelaide Mayor Edwin Smith in April 1882, Brown implementing parts of the William Pengilly (1825-1911) was advised that Brow planting in the Park Lands” and to “render Mr. Brown every facility for this purpose …” (Town Clerk’s Dept Outwards Letter Book, 1882/602/18). A fractious relationship occurred with Brown and Pengilly, a specific incident over from this position in August 1882. While the Corporation prompted Brown’s resignation sought to remedy the situation, continued disobedience and contrary activities by the City eventually prompted Gardener and his workforce In his letter of resignation he wrote “I must for relieved of the responsibility.” With this deci Gardener, and therein had a series of City Gardeners until such time as August Pelzer (1862- mid 1899. 1934) was appointed City Gardener (1899-1934) in Notwithstanding Brown’s activities, Pengilly also Annual Report Park Land blocks 1 to 9 as well 5 new plantations resulting in an overall tree plantation total of 3,082 trees. The nature the species establishing in these Park Land blocks are unclear. It would be logical that Pengilly also tackled plantings in Warnpangga/Park 10 at the same time although he does not specifically record this action ( In the subsequent financial year Corporati materials from England, including wrought iron posts, field gates, cast corner posts, galvanized iron pillars together with 117 The purpose was to totally replace the existing “o enclosed most of the Park Land blocks to th marked with “Iron Duke” and Gardens staff commenced the process of re-fencing the Park Lands ( 56-57). William H Campbell, as Park Lands Ranger, tr found that he could erect it at a cost of 2¼d pe cost-effective, ornamental, offered opportunities complies with Councillor [FW] Bullock’s intention to our reserves.” Notwithstanding this purcha using old materials ( During 1883 the Park Lands Ranger, W Warnpangga/Park 10 along McKinnon Parade with fencing. An additional 47 panels of post Parade in 1886-87 and some168 panels of post 34 chains of ornamental fencing were erected along Parade in 1890. 1888-89. Some McKinnon Campbell noted his preference to the ornamental fe predilection to “sit on the wires and loosen them” ( 120). pp. 119, p. 134; 1889-90, 112; 1888-89, During 1897 the Corporation considered a seri Engineer-in-Chief as to works along the River To of silt banks and the re-contouring Corporation approval for the erection of in extent. [0.8ha] kely to conduce this and besides, by having a deep would be necessary City may, if adopted, be rience Brown was trying en (in Tainmundilla/Park them of a good size before they ver on the lowest part of the site, e to be grown specially for the [0.9m] rdance with the outlines of r ornamental purposes … I have to d, so that the specimens would be (Brown 1880, p. 4). (Brown 1880, p. 4). stems, and the characteristic points dapted to meet the exigencies of s, and combinations, be realised. he Corporation grounds adjoining the being operated upon. and make the soil of a free nature, suitable for s required, of a character li trees by public nurserymen; k 12). It is also important to note that the from them without much injury to the ramified the Park Lands of this ds, the ground would require to be trenched about in order to the rearing of young trees suitable eby likely to excite the trees throw out plenty of was conceptually adopted by Pelzer in the corridor. The specificity mirrors the detailed have to advise that a small Nursery be established by 80, p. 4). While his reasons were specific e Park Lands, Brown also recommended the of the landscape expe loped, the trees planted may assume the forms required, recommendations for Warnpangga/Park 10 and r Torrens/Karrawirra Parri Linear Park segments r Torrens/Karrawirra Parri Linear the reasoning that Pelzer used to recommend and e Adelaide Botanic Gard (Karrawirra/Park 12). Brown wrote: ions regarding its formation and management. (1880) to the ‘Old Botanical Garden’ nor plants uced on the ground inside, ending in an outlet to the ri s an ever continuous supply of water, all essential qualities and fence. An open drain three feet rearing of trees required solely fo be had at command, and by rearing part appears to me be well a r characteristic peculiarities of habit without any particular care or in a short time; the site is sheltere to be removed to the Park Lands in regard to outlines, grouping enty of fibrous roots, well-trained Report ornamental grounds and parks requir stic and commodious manner in acco uld be got on that portion of t in depth, so as to take out all obstructions [0.6m] fibrous roots when the plants come encouraging expanded roots and easy of being detached round the whole of the enclosure on so as to avoid flooding in the rainy season. Afterwar two feet This should be laid off in an arti ground, and enclosed with a “paling” end. I have, therefore, to offer you a few suggest allowed to assume the establish thei recommend that the ground enclosed for purposes of a nursery be at least two acres A suitable site for the purpose co residence of the Park Ranger. This training, while the situation command requisites in a nursery devoted to the carried out with every chance of ultimate success, I the Corporation for purpose of growing the young tree case, as the soil is of a good deep loamy nature, ther fibrous roots and attain a fair size This amount of attention cannot be given to the young private nursery the plants can always are put out, immediate effect can be prod In order that my suggestions regarding the planting of purpose, in order that by having pl and peculiarities of each different specie fully deve and the anticipation of designer All trees used in the formation of Tainmundilla/Park 11 and in particular terms Tainmundilla/Park 11 and Overall these were very specific and deliberate to craft along the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri planting design principles devised for the Rive in the 1970s (Hassell 1975). There was no reference in Brown’s

In conjunction with his recommendations for th establishment of “a Nursery and its management, for the purposes of Corporation” (Brown 18 proposed site was adjacent to the Park in Tulya Wodli/Park 27. Ranger’s residence Notwithstanding this it is worthy to quote his logic as to the purpose and establishment of the in a smaller scale, Nursery as it mirrors, albeit establish the ‘Frome Road Nursery’ (Karrawirra/Par by Brown spatial and functional design proposed development of the ‘Frome Road Nursery’ associated with this garden so it is likely that Francis retrieved as much of the established trees specimens as he could and shifted them to th 11) after he was appointed its inaugural director.

spp) Report

Municipal Annual Fraxinus p. 45; 1924, 31; 1910, p. 54; 1911, removal of lengths WARNPANGGA: 145 Report

) and 5 ash ( Annual procera

1904, pp. 39, 74; 1905, p. 41; 1907, p. 41; 1907, 1904, pp. 39, 74; 1905, 1914, p. 18; 1917, Ulmus Report

of 2.83ha land to serve as a Deer Park the side of Sandcarter’s Road in 1905. As truction of the War Memorial Drive, and the the Board surrendered lease back to ” The Corporation determined to cancel the ling its formal transfer from agistment ling its formal 1910, p. 54; 1911, p. 67). 1910, p. 54; 1911, 67). ngga/Park 10. The matter was placed before of Albert Bridge. Tree planting was r Torrens/Karrawirra Parri embankments. He to the Zoo, and sloping planting works so commenced progressive Annual 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES The site corresponds with the same now the Corporation a larger re-fencing program for program the Corporation a larger re-fencing Annual Report rner. These plantings precede the proposal for a t 1,500 cubic yards (1254m²) of top soil in 1908 t 1,500 cubic yards (1254m²) of top soil in eas. Parts of the interior fencing around Board undertook the fencing of Park Report Park 14 for “future tree planting” (

Annual p. 44; 1907, p. 55; 1908, 45). p. 44; 1907, om Botanic Park—an expensive infrastructure investment. part of his planting programs upon the improvement of parks , and it was approved “by an overwhelming majority.” While in 1914, fencing as park agistment ceased in certain ar removed in 1909 signal Warnpangga/Park 10 were paddock to open park land and playing fields ( p. 53; 1908, 19; 1909, pp. 43, 65). Pelzer focused During 1901-10 and gardens near King William Road the Rive ( also continued other planting works. In 1904 7 elms Terrace were fenced in 1908, and the eastern flank of Hackney Road was adjacent to to Gilberton. Pelzer unsuccessfully proposed at the same time al the Park Lands in 1909 and trees were planted in McKinnon Parade. Gums were pollarded along Parade the fencing taken up and shifted along and 1905-07, part of these works Pelzer also obtained abou from the construction of the new Hackney Road tram-car depot and stacked this soil in Mullawirraburka/ Warnpangga/Park 10 and 56; 1906, 1904, p. 63; 1905, pp. 42, the River In 1910 Pelzer reported perhaps the first tree planting works along Torrens/Karrawirra Parri embankments upstream undertaken along the banks immediately adjacent undertaken along the opposite bank in Tainmundilla/Park 11 ( p. 64). 1912, pp. 66-67; In the same year corner of Jerningham Street and McKinnon Parade received attention. Pelzer commenced planting shrubs on this co war memorial garden on this corner ( In 1912 the Botanic Gardens Board sought the lease for a period of 21 years from the Corporation. occupied by the Corporation’s Nursery in Warnpa the public through a meeting for approval, in accordance with the provisions of Corporations Act and designated on plan, the proposal did not proceed due to War and declining attendances at the Gardens that resulted in reduced finances. The proposal may also have been hampered due to a condition on the lease that required construction of an access bridge across the Parri fr River Torrens/Karrawirra The Board submitted plans for this bridge and they were approved by the Corporation in June these detractors, the 1914. Notwithstanding boundaries with a 2.1m high timber fence for 5 chains, the provision of 7.6cm water main commenced tree planting. In 1924 243m long, and Corporation, because of their financial inability to proceed with the Deer Park proposal, and this enabled the Corporation to proceed with “cons remaining portion can be utilized for athletic clubs. lease, and instructed the Board to remove the fencing and to leave the water main in position for future Corporation activities (Rix 1978, p. 33; 158-159). Daly 1987, pp.

Report Tamarix (1880) [ has given a ] Report pampas grass ], tamarisks alba

ation is powerless to deal r out all deposits, and the 1903, pp. 28-29). 1903, pp. 28-29). 1897-98, p. 72; 1899- ssp], Populus Salix [ Report requiring the planting of trees Asphodelus fistulosus [

should be sloped down, and the inery or manual labour, and this 1894-95, p. 65). ing the area between indicated Annual Report willows Annual ( Report

silver poplars [Asphodel; ], to the Corporation about minor ractors to erect the “Anchor” style of sawn nders them almost unfit for use, as cattle will not that a few floods would clea ‘Italica’], d this year; but numberless young plants are certain to adually sloped off and planted with various trees, ocked with it; and the Corpor Annual be evidenced by his reports of its activities. eradicate them. All these efforts must, however, be ( faithfully referred to and used Brown’s d Tainmundilla/Park 11 as the works coincide d Tainmundilla/Park 11 as taken possession of many the grazing paddocks in ery’ in neighbouring Karrawirra/Park 12, an opes near Albert Bridge from 1899 onwards. opes near Albert Bridge from on of much this fencing. The flanks stream of Albert Bridge within Karrawirra/Park nigra Warnpangga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park 11. 10 and Tainmundilla/Park Warnpangga/Park r Memorial Drive. There are no distinct

The flanks of McKinnon Parade west Mann The rous planting program of the Park Lands was ement in 1899-1900. Pelzer took consideration australasica idge until discussions commenced in 1919 about the idge until discussions commenced in 1919 about activities. A key recommendation in the 1902, p. 31). 902, p. 31; 1903, 44). var Annual Reports Populus s [ istine beauty and utility for boat rt Bridge (Frome Road Bridge) rt Bridge (Frome he steep banks near Frome Bridge Report mullock and debris, either by mach

ling to control the introduced weeds that had taken control of d prevent future accumulations azedarach

Annual Melia ( [ , &c. spp] 1899-1900, pp. 295-296; 1 white acacias , ] Report

Cortaderia with the evil until it be proclaimed a noxious weed , and for several months in the year re 1900, pp. 96-97). A weed known as the Wild Onion (Asphodelus tenuior) great deal of trouble this year. It has completely touch it. At considerable expense it has been grubbe have been missed, and it would take three years to futile so log as private land in the vicinity remains st The steep banks near the Albert Bridge are being gr shrubs, &c., such as upright poplar … effect an absolute clearance of restore to something approaching pr dame and the present Weir … T projecting angles should be rounded off. He considers judicious use of the sluices woul [ aphylla Annual With Pelzer’s appointment in mid 1899 a rigo commenced and it appears that Pelzer somewhat (1880) as the master plan for his planting By the 1890s Campbell was strugg much of his pasturage in North Adelaide. He noted that: was the development of ‘Frome Road Nurs action that Pelzer immediately sought to impl interest in the development of this nursery as can There appears also to have been minor engineering works along the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri embankment slopes near Albe ( construction of War Memorial Drive through Pelzer reported that: These references appear to relate land down 12 and not upstream in Warnpangga/Park 10 an with the construction and development of Wa references to planting upstream of Albert Br In 1903 a review of all Corporation depots and rubbish tips in the Park Lands considered removal of limestone excavation holes and recommended various closures. There were no pits 11, except a 10 and Tainmundilla/Park and tips identified as being used in Warnpangga/Park rubbish tip that was being used in land immediately east of Sandcarters Road. The Corporation proposed no change of use and function for this rubbish tip ( There are regular references in Pelzer’s earthworks and tree planting activities on the sl Sandcarter’s Road were re-fenced in 1907-08. In 1904 the Corporation commissioned fencing cont jarrah post and wire fencing. The style consisted of six-wire fencing with jarrah posts 3.6m apart. George undertook the erecti Wills & Co

) by 4 ft. Annual [1.7m] australasica var Parts of old Park 11

WARNPANGGA: 146 azedarach

wide. Above the base will be rock- Melia . [2.9m] . [2.9m] 1922, p. 26; 1923, p. 38; 1924, 1926, 1922, p. 26; 1923, Tainmundilla/Park 11. A budget of £58 was set aside for this work. “seeds of native trees.” This initiative . The garden embraced 0.5 ha and Pelzer drove along the newly finished section. The been also undertaken in 1926 together with the ation from its Markets & Parks Committee to planning, design and construction of War in parts of Warnpangga/Park 10 1920 ing ground levelling works associated with the ing ground levelling works associated Report the first portion, from King William Road to al on 18 October 1920 that involved the erection

le construction to proceed unimpeded by cattle 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES 1924, pp. 37, 40; 1925, p. 2; 1926, pp. 40, 41, 42; 1926, pp. 40, 40; 1925, p. 2; 1924, pp. 37, ether with formed pathways and erected a number ed. Work on stage 4 of War Memorial Drive, , along Frome Road, at a cost of £ 120 ( an arboretum in Karrawirra/Park 12. The North Adelaide Memorial Gardens. A small high by 9 ft. 6 in Annual Report

proposals moved by Councillor George McEwin (Cr high, in which will be affixed a bronze tablet 5 ft. 6 in. [0.6m] Annual 1920, p. 6). . [2.1m] Report

Annual [1.2m] ( The base is to be of cement 2 ft. faced freestone about 7 ft 1921, pp. 24-25, 37, 38). This work was undertaken over late 1920 to 1922 planted it with “lawns, trees, shrubs, etc.,” tog of seats. It was officially named the Lower toolshed was erected in 1923 adjacent to this garden. Playground equipment appears also to had to re-grade the pathways in 1924. A “roomy have been installed in 1923-24 and Pelzer shelter house” was also erected in 1926 ( p. 40). The Lower North Adelaide Soldiers’ Memorial Committee sought permission from the Corporation in 1920 to erect a war memorial at the corner of Jerningham Street and McKinnon Parade. The Corporation agreed to this propos of a memorial tablet: Pathway re-construction works were entertained (Annual Report 1920, p. 31). In 1921 the Corporation agreed to a recommend 10 between trees” in 0.4ha of Warnpangga/Park undertake “experimental planting of native Bundeys’ Road and Park Terrace (Hackney Road). The site was ploughed, harrowed and planted with appears to be part of a larger series that involved a shift towards native Australian plants and trees including 1925-35) Ald 1915-25, revegetation works, and the establishment of Corporation also agreed to the planting of 110 White Cedars ( from McKinnon Parade to the Albert Bridge Report From 1920-24 the Corporation progressed with Memorial Drive through Warnpangga/Park 10 and were closed off from pasturage in 1924 to enab and several chains of fencing with a gate erect the entire roadfrom Frome Road to Hackney Road, was completed on 30 October 1925 and opened by Governor-General Lord Forster who date was the sixth anniversary of opening Frome Road. Pelzer appears to be still undertak fourth stage of this roadway in 1926 notwithstanding its opening. Tree planting works associated with this roadway appear also to have erection of some 72 chains fencing. Pelzer was still undertaking this tree planting works in the back premises of Zoological Gardens from views 1929 with the intention of “hiding from the War Memorial Drive” ( 1929, p. 35).

46; 1917, p. 43; 1918, ovals and fields, also 11(now Warnpangga/Park 10), 1915, p. 34; 1916, p. 1915, p. 34; 1916, rk fenced enclosure, the proposed alignment of the fourth nds” included harrowing, ploughing, grading, grading, nds” included harrowing, ploughing, Pelzer also erected 51 chains of post and wire approved the proposed additional leasehold by approved ssion to extend its leasehold of sporting ovals in cent. But the Corporation granted a lease of ase of Karrawirra/Park 12 facilities was due to Report

rhaps servicingrhaps recreationalWarnpangga/Park activities in 10 to commence land sloping and tree planting and summer seasons. With this ground levelling e development of sporting Image: was completed by mid-1921 and a “rustic shelter that the Corporation needed to “consider nnum was proposed, subject to approval by a rate Annual 1920, p. 31; 1921, pp. 26, 38). 1919, p. 30). Works on this new leasehold, which was “to levelling works in former Park levelling works in Report

Report

Annual Annual 1912, p. 63). Report

Plan G/410 prepared bySurveyor the City depicting the Deer Pa pe footprints building two and Drive, Memorial War of stage and Tainmundilla/Parkdated 18 May 1923. Source: 11. Hand City of Adelaide Archives. Annual With 1912 Pelzer first wrote about his proposal works east of Albert Bridge. He perceived beautification of the banks … which should be sloped and planted with trees and shrubs” ( In 1915 Pelzer undertook ground the area east of Sandcarter’s Road, to enable th remarking upon the bountiful rains this winter the bountiful rains this remarking upon works, the former rubbish tip was covered over. fence along the side of Hackney Road in 1916-18 replacing old exterior and interior fencing together with planting of some 26 trees ( p. 35). In 1919 the sought permi Oval’. The University proposed the lease of Karrawirra/Park 12, then known as the ‘University an additional 10 adja 1.0ha in Warnpangga/Park 0.8ha until 23 September 1929 when the main le expire. A rental of an additional £10 per a payer meeting. A meeting on 7 November 1919 a vote 3,598 to 1,731 ( be utilised for lawn tennis courts and hockey grou and re-seeding with lawn grasses. This work structure” also erected (

WARNPANGGA: 147 k 10 in 1936 indicating the the 1936 indicating k 10 in near the former ‘Botanic ‘Botanic former the near the raising and growing of numerous 1935-36, p. 37). 2428 of 1936). 2428 of 1936). Park 12 was very successful in providing for Park 12 was the lack of proper facilities and limited equate capacity to cultivate flowering plants de depicting Warnpangga/Par de depicting

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES earthworks of vegetation and illa/Park 11 little improvement works were Figure Figure is was the opinion of City Gardener A Stanley Annual Report Town Clerk’s Docket ( h Warnpangga/Parkh Note thatNursery,thethe 10. former on Park’ ‘Deer Nursery for propagating purposes and … how severely handicapped his Department was by accommodation by the present types and varieties of plants … perimeter tree plantations and the pathway system that are largely extant today including the tree-lined tree-lined the including today extant largely are that system pathway and the plantations tree perimeter throug diagonally pedestrian avenue nature the also but time, this at undeveloped was site, Archives Adelaide of University Source: site. Garden’ Extract of an aerial photograph of metropolitan Adelai aerial photograph Extract of an terms of Warnpangga/Park 10 and Tainmund terms of Warnpangga/Park entertained from until the 1960s ( 1932 up Interesting the Frome Road Nursery in Karrawirra/ street tree propagation purposes, but lacked an ad and shrubs for Council purposes. At least, th Orchard in June 1936 when he reported to the Corporation on:

ngga/Park 10 originally lzer’s retirement a sequence by the City Engineer, depicting by the City Engineer, depicting 1927, p. 20; Daly 1987, p. 151). 1927, p. 20; ministered‘Deer Park’ on the present sitefor Report

of South Australia celebrations in 1936. In nd for the purposes of sport fields. The leases, an extension of area 0.2ha, right to leases, an extension of area 0.2ha, right e Corporation agreed to these proposals. This by an anonymous gift of £2,000 to the College, ed once Warnpangga/Park 10 began to realise ed an application from the Minister of and to erect a grandstand with separate men’s £50 per annum. The granting of the lease was 1930, p. 19; Daly 1987, p. 151; Penny 1965, pp. 1930, p. 19; ice Sir George Murray. The bequest enabled the Figure Figure mundilla/Park 11. Warnpa 11. mundilla/Park Annual guarantee of £3,000 site improvement works over hers’ Training College, to lease 4.05ha of hers’ Training College, a renewal and extension of its leasehold in e Corporation commenced a reorganisation of the Report

1931-32, p. 27). Following Pe 1931-32, p. 27). Following , dated 14 November 1927, prepared , dated 14 November closed Sandcarters Road. Note also the established pedestrian pathway pathway pedestrian established the also Note Road. Sandcarters closed —together with the Zoo-ad Annual Annual Report Plan Showing Improved Pavements Improved Showing Plan system. Source: ACC Archives the pathway system in Warnpangga/Park 10 and Tain system in Warnpangga/Park 10 and the pathway depicted as Parks 10 + 11 consisted of the now and Nursery, the Corporation Extract of a

of gardeners and a change commitment to the gardens and the Park Lands occurred throughout Adelaide notwithstanding the Centenary City Gardener’s Branch ( Additional sporting leasehold requests were lodg its park land setting with the completion of the Drive. In 1930 the Corporation considered and approv Education, on behalf of the [Adelaide] Teac Warnpangga/Park 10 for a lease of 21 years at subject to a public meeting, and involved the the next 2 years. The application was prompted College to undertake ground preparation works, 15-16). On 29 February 1932 Pelzer retired and th whom later found that it came from Chief Just play only and women’s change rooms. The College oval was seeded in 1932 but regular commenced on the oval in 1935 ( In 1927 the University of Adelaide sought la Karrawirra/Park 12 of Warnpangga/Park 10 and University proposed a consolidation of its existing charge admission, and a 21 year lease period. Th leasehold was granted in late 1927 for 4.45ha (

of seedlings of seasonal

WARNPANGGA: 148 and cut flowers for conservatory intenance of trees and shrubs for of an 18-hole golf course. There were no of an 18-hole the rasing and distribution with an additional bridge being added on the was not without its difficulties. But by 1967 behalf of the Adelaide College Advanced ully sought a long term lease renewal of e banks of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri e banks of the River Torrens/Karrawirra to adding structural members address the

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES ths’ (by Linda Patterson), ‘You are Here’ and 1966-67, p. 31). 1966-67, p. 31). gga/Park 10 and Tainmundilla/Park 11. esentation of ornamental pot plants achers College) (Penny 1965, p. 18). street plots, the propagation and ma Annual Report ( … the staff at Nursery was kept fully employed in displays in the various gardens and park plantings and the growing pr and civic function purposes Torrens/Karrawirra Parri edges and the development specific recommendations for Warnpan In 1959 the Minister of Education again successf grounds and facilities in Warnpangga/Park 10 on Education (formerly the Adelaide Te addition Albert Bridge was re-decked in 1982 increasing weight of vehicles and trucks upon the structure. The slow shift of Corporation nursery operations Director of Parks & Gardens Andrew Taylor could report that the nursery was now in full and efficient operation: In 1967 the Hackney Road bridge was duplicated, western side. The bridge site has associations with the original (South Australian) Company Bridge, and a plaque noting this association was also unveiled upon its opening. art installations were erected on th In 1994 three in Tainmundilla/Park 11. Entitled ‘Divided Pa they were part of a joint commission by the Corporation ‘Landline – Timeline’ (by Philip Hind), and ArtsSA.

(1880). Again, 1939-40, p. 380; tree and the circulation system tree and the commendations of Brown during his commendations (1958) dealt with Parks and Gardens rly evident in this photograph. The this photograph. in rly evident Digest of Proceedings area of approximately five acres (2.0ha). npangga/Park 10 that follows the alignment for a towards the renovation and development of site elsewhere.” This proposal was slow in ansfer of the nursery operations including all Clerk, Colonel William CD Veale, undertook Clerk, Colonel There is also visual evidence of a more formal park park formal more a evidence of also visual There is illa/Park 11 in 1947 depicting the tree-lined road tree-lined the depicting illa/Park 11 in 1947 around the western, southern and eastern ) Report No. 4 Report ies in Europe and North America, submitted Figure on 18 March 1940 adopted a report that new e Director of Parks & Gardens, Benjamin Bone, e Director of Parks 2428 of 1936; gether with redevelopment of the River A Report on a System of Planting the Adelaide Park Lands Lands Adelaide Park the Planting System of a Report on A Tamarix aphylla d Frome Road with the pattern of d Frome Road ch attention Pelzer paid to the re the to paid Pelzer ch attention ground laying works for the Corporation’s new Nursery, and Sandcarters Sandcarters and Nursery, new the Corporation’s for works laying ground pathway traversing War pathway traversing formal gravel linear route is clea route is gravel linear formal ) was planted around the Nursery boundaries, and Orchard also Athel Pine ( Town Clerk’s Docket caffra

from 1899-1934. This pathway was removed in the 1950s as the Corporation Corporation 1950s as the in the removed 1899-1934. This pathway was from ed by Brown in his ed by Dovyalis 1957-58, p. 31).

providing further evidence of how mu evidence of providing further Gardener tenure as City carriage drive as propos drive carriage Drive. Memorial War along plantings street its formalised Mackinnon Parade an of on the corner evident. Source: ACC Archives. Archives. ACC Source: evident. Road reserve. Sandcarters Road, as Sandcarters Road, reserve. Road reserves, the initial construction and initial the reserves, also depicts a tree-lined photograph Aerial photograph of Warnpangga/Park10 and Tainmund and of Warnpangga/Park10 Aerial photograph

flanks of the Nursery ( Annual Report Albert Bridge was re-decked in the 1950s. – August 1957, however, the Town During March a study tour of council organisations and facilit his reports on various topics in October 1958. (Veale 1958) and made sweeping recommendations several parks around the Park Lands, to This is the present site of the Corporation Nursery. While this recommendation was slow in coming, it took a further 18 years before th could report to the Corporation of the complete tr Orchard recommended the abandonment of the Frome Road Nursery in Karrawirra/Park 12 and the development of a new nursery on a “clean coming to fruition. Finally the Corporation Nursery be established in Warnpangga/Park 10 on an construction works and glasshouse accommodation being re-established. An extensive hedge of ( Kaffir Apple planted a plantation of

meaning –ngga which roughly

WARNPANGGA: 149 tainmundilla , meaning ‘bulrush root place’, to 2005, pp. 59-60; Amery 1997, p. 6). meaning ‘bulrish root’, a staple food meaning ‘bulrish root’, et al 1 and was one of a number signatories Warnpangga warnpa istletoe) was the oldest female student at 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES mundilla/Park 11 derives from mundilla/Park 11 derives from Amery (1997; 2002: 270) proposed the toponym this park. This nomenclature was derived from Parri embankments, and source prolific along the River Torrens/Karrawirra ‘location’. The toponym for Tain translates as ‘mistletoe place’. Tainmundilla (M former Native Location School at Piltawodli/Park letter addressed to Governor Gawler in 1841 (Draper

1997, indicating the location of various functions and functions various of the location indicating 1997, Figure clude the “Equipment Shed’, “glass house” x six and an and x six house” “glass Shed’, “Equipment the clude eed of investigation. Source: ACC archives. archives. ACC Source: investigation. of eed Layout plan of the Corporation’s Nursery dated 7 May Nursery the Corporation’s plan of Layout infrastructure.Of cultural heritagemerit interest in n in that are brick structure small associated